情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣

語法專項(xiàng)突破系列6.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)19大情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法★★★★★【點(diǎn)津】3組易混情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法比較另外要注意:(1)can的一些常用固定搭配cannotbutdosth./cannothelpbutdosth./cannotchoosebutdosth.表示“不得不,只好”cannot/cannever...enough/too再……也不為過(2)may的一些常用固定搭配maywell+動(dòng)詞原形意為“完全能,很可能”,may(might)aswell+動(dòng)詞原形意為“最好,倒不如”。(3)mustn’t表示“禁止”“不許做某事”回答用need提問的問句時(shí)與回答用must提問的問句時(shí)一樣,肯定回答用must,否定回答要用needn’t或don’thaveto?！镜漕}印證】用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空(2014·江蘇高考)Itwassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,

_______bringmefood.解題關(guān)鍵:should可以用在that引導(dǎo)的從句中,表示“竟然,居然”,帶有驚訝的語氣。故用should。【高考集訓(xùn)】用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空1.(2014·大綱版全國卷)Althoughyou____findbargainsinLondon,it’snotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.2.(2014·江西高考)Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorest__________becometherichest.

canmight/may3.(2014·北京高考)_________Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwon’ttakelong.4.(2014·四川高考)Istillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymother______takemetoDisneylandatweekends.5.(2013·江西高考)WhenIwasachild,I_____watchTVwheneverIwantedto.

Can/Maywouldcould考點(diǎn)25大表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法比較★★★★【典題印證】用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空(2014·陜西高考)Mybook,TheHouseofHades,ismissing.Who

_______havetakenit?解題關(guān)鍵:根據(jù)句意可知,這是對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè),而且該句是疑問句,所以應(yīng)用could。【高考集訓(xùn)】用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空1.(2013·安徽高考)It_____notbethevocabularythatcausedyoutheproblemintheexercisebecauseyouknowalotofwords.2.(2013·天津高考)Noone_____bemoregenerous,hehasaheartofgold.3.(2013·重慶高考)—WhatareyoudoingthisSaturday?—I’mnotsure,butI______gototheRollingStonesconcert.

couldcouldmight根據(jù)提示的動(dòng)詞,用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”填空4.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ)Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,he______________(do)theresearchonhisown.5.(2013·遼寧高考)Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.He_______________(drink)toomuchatthepartylastnight.6.(2013·四川高考)—Whyareyoureyessored?You______________(sleep)welllastnight.—Yeah,Istayeduplatewritingareport.

musthavedonemusthavedrunkcan’thaveslept虛擬語氣考點(diǎn)1狀語從句中虛擬語氣的用法★★★★1.非真實(shí)條件句中虛擬語氣的用法2.目的狀語從句中虛擬語氣的用法(1)forfearthat/incase+從句:從句謂語用should+動(dòng)詞原形,意為“以防,萬一”。*Wegotupearlyforfearthatweshouldmisstheearlybus.我們?cè)缙鹨苑厘e(cuò)過早班車。(2)lest+從句:從句謂語用should(could/might)+動(dòng)詞原形,意為“以防,萬一”。*Wegotupearlylestweshouldmisstheearlybus.我們?cè)缙鹨苑厘e(cuò)過早班車。3.方式狀語從句中虛擬語氣的用法asif/asthough+從句:(1)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,從句用一般過去時(shí);(2)與過去事實(shí)相反,從句用過去完成時(shí);(3)與將來事實(shí)相反,從句謂語用would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形?！军c(diǎn)津】asif/asthough連接的從句表示很有可能的事實(shí)時(shí),不需用虛擬語氣。*ShespeaksEnglishasif/asthoughshewereanativeofNewYork.她講英語好像她是一位地道的紐約人。(虛擬語氣)【典題印證】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2014·湖南高考)IfMr.Dewey

(be)present,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.解題關(guān)鍵:根據(jù)本句中的hewouldhaveoffered可知,這里是表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣,所以從句應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣,主句謂語用“would/could/should/mighthavedone”,從句謂語用haddone。答案判定:句意:要是杜威先生當(dāng)時(shí)在場(chǎng)的話,他就會(huì)給那里的人提供任何可能的幫助。故用hadbeen?！靖呖技?xùn)】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.(2014·北京高考)We________(be)backinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.2.(2014·重慶高考)ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI________(do)it?3.(2013·江蘇高考)IshouldnothavelaughedifI___________(think)youwereserious.wouldbehaddonehadthought4.(2012·北京高考)Don’thandlethevaseasifit_____(be)madeofsteel.5.(2012·陜西高考)Ifmycar________(be)morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.

werehadbeen考點(diǎn)23種特殊的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)★★★★【典題印證】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2014·福建高考)

(be)therenomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.解題關(guān)鍵:根據(jù)主句中的關(guān)鍵詞wouldhaveto以及句意可知,這是一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣,從句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),即iftherewere...。當(dāng)if從句中有were,had或should時(shí),可將if省略,同時(shí)將were,had或should提到主語前構(gòu)成部分倒裝。答案判定:句意:要不是現(xiàn)代化的電訊,我們就不得不等好幾個(gè)星期才能得到來自世界各地的消息。故用Were?！靖呖技?xùn)】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.(2014·浙江高考)Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey_______________(come)toourhelp.2.(2013·安徽高考)I_______________(go)tomycousin’sbirthdaypartylastnight,butIwasnotavailable.

wouldhavecomewouldhavegone3.(2013·福建高考)—DoyouthinkGeorgehaspassedthedrivingtest?—No.Ifso,he________________(drive)hiscartoourcollegeyesterday.4.(2013·天津高考)IfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbefore,he________(be)abletospeakitmuchbetternow.

wouldhavedrivenwouldbe考點(diǎn)3其他從句中虛擬語氣的用法★★★1.主語從句中的虛擬語氣Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/apity+that從句,從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”。*It’sstrangethatshe(should)makesomuchtrouble.很奇怪她居然惹這么多麻煩。2.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)表示“建議,命令,要求”等意義時(shí),賓語從句用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”。①堅(jiān)持:動(dòng)詞insist;②命令:order,command;③建議:動(dòng)詞advise,suggest,propose,recommend;④要求:動(dòng)詞request,require,demand,ask。*Teachersrecommendparentsnotallowtheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.老師建議父母出于安全考慮最好不要讓12歲以下的孩子騎自行車去學(xué)校?！军c(diǎn)津】①suggest意為“表明,暗示”時(shí),賓語從句不用虛擬語氣;②insist意為“堅(jiān)持說”時(shí),賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。(2)Iwish(that)+賓語從句(虛擬語氣)。①表示愿望與“現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反”,從句用一般過去時(shí);*Howhewishesthathewereabird!他真希望他是一只小鳥。②表示愿望與“過去事實(shí)相反”,從句用過去完成時(shí);*WewishthatwehadvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear.我們要是去年去參觀長(zhǎng)城就好了。③表示將來愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小,從句常用could/would+動(dòng)詞原形。*Wewishwewouldliveonthemoononeday.但愿我們有一天能住在月球上。(3)wouldrather/prefer+that從句(從句用虛擬語氣)①表示愿望與“現(xiàn)在事實(shí)或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反”,從句用一般過去時(shí)。*Iwouldratheryouwerenotherewithmenow.我寧愿你現(xiàn)在不和我在一起。②表示愿望與“過去事實(shí)相反”,從句用過去完成時(shí)。*Iwouldratheryouhadn’tdonethat.我寧愿你沒做過那件事。3.表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣。其構(gòu)成是“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”。*Hegaveordersthattheguests(should)behospitablyentertained.他下達(dá)命令客人們應(yīng)該被熱情款待。(2)asif,asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句和方式狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用一般過去時(shí);與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成時(shí)。*Itlooksasifhewere10yearsyoungertoday.他今天看上去似乎年輕了10歲。*Itlooksasifhehadn’thadamealforaweek.他好像一周沒吃過飯了。4.定語從句中的虛擬語氣It’s(about/high/very)time+that從句(從句用虛擬語氣,謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)或should+動(dòng)詞原形,should不能省略),意為“某人該