法律英語翻譯專業(yè)詞匯大全

推薦譯法可接受的譯法特定語境下的替代譯法行政訴訟administrativelitigationjudicialreview行政復(fù)議administrativereconsiderationadministrativereview信訪petitionlettersandvisits//Xinfang法律law法規(guī)regulation規(guī)章rule規(guī)范性文件normativedocument行政機(jī)關(guān)administrativeorganagencyadministrativeauthority行政執(zhí)法人員administrativelawenforcementofficeradministrativeofficial//governmentofficial行政相對人theconcernedpersoncitizens,legalpersonsandotherorganizationstheparty行政行為administrativeactionadministrativeactadministrativedecision具體行政行為specificadministrativeactconcreteadministrativeact行政處罰administrativepenaltyadministrativepunishment行政許可administrativelicensingadministrativelicense行政強(qiáng)制administrativecoercion行政強(qiáng)制措施administrativecoercivemeasure行政強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行administrativeexecutionexecutionofadministrativeact行政裁決administrativeadjudicationadministrativeruling行政責(zé)任administrativeresponsibilityadministrativeaccountability//administrativeliability行政處分disciplinarysanction行政賠償administrativecompensationstatecompensation行政補(bǔ)償administrativerecuperationBuchang依法治國governthecountryaccordingtolawgovernthecountryinaccordancewiththelawgovernthecountryunderruleoflaw//rulethecountryaccordingtolaw依法行政administrationaccordingtolawadministrationinaccordancewiththelawlaw-basedadministration//administrationunderruleoflaw法治政府law-basedgovernmentruleoflawgovernmentgovernmentunderruleoflaw案件受理費(fèi)courtacceptancefee案情重大、復(fù)雜importantandcomplicatedcase案由causeofaction案子case包攬?jiān)V訟monopolizelawsuits被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件);theaccused(用于刑事案件)被上訴人appellee被訴人respondent;defendant本案律師counselprohacvice本地律師localcounsel畢業(yè)證diploma;graduationcertificate辯護(hù)詞defense;pleadings辯護(hù)律師defenselawyer辯護(hù)要點(diǎn)pointofdefense辯護(hù)意見submission財(cái)產(chǎn)租賃propertytenancy裁定書order;ruling;determination（指終審裁定）裁決書award（用于仲裁）裁決書verdict（用于陪審團(tuán)）采信的證據(jù)admittedevidence;establishedevidence草擬股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓協(xié)議draftingagreementofassignmentofequityinterests查閱法條sourcelegalprovisions產(chǎn)權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓conveyancing出差goonerrand;goonabusinesstrip出國深造furtherstudyabroad出具律師意見書providinglegalopinion出示的證據(jù)exhibit出庭appearincourt傳票summons;subpoena答辯狀answer;reply代理詞representation代理房地產(chǎn)買賣與轉(zhuǎn)讓agencyforsaleandtransferofrealestate代理公證、商標(biāo)、專利、版權(quán)、房地產(chǎn)、工商登記agencyfornotarization,trademark,patent,copyright,andregistrationofrealestateandincorporations代理仲裁agencyforarbitration代寫文書draftingoflegalinstruments待決案件pendingcase當(dāng)事人陳述statementoftheparties第三人thirdparty吊銷執(zhí)業(yè)證revocationoflawyerlicense調(diào)查筆錄investigativerecord調(diào)查取證investigationandgatheringforevidence調(diào)解mediation調(diào)解書mediation二審案件caseoftrialofsecondinstance發(fā)送電子郵件sende-mail法律顧問legalconsultants法律意見書legalopinions法律援助legalaid法律咨詢legalcounseling法庭division;tribunal法學(xué)博士學(xué)位LL.D(DoctorofLaws)法學(xué)會(huì)lawsociety法學(xué)課程legalcourses法學(xué)碩士學(xué)位LL.M(MasterofLaws)法學(xué)系facultyoflaw;departmentoflaw法學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位LL.B(BachelorofLaws)J.D(jurisdoctor縮寫，美國法學(xué)學(xué)士)法學(xué)院lawschool法院公告courtannouncement反訴狀counterclaim房地產(chǎn)律師realestatelawyer;realpropertylawyer非合伙律師associatelawyer非訴訟業(yè)務(wù)non-litigationpractice高級合伙人seniorpartner高級律師seniorlawyer各類協(xié)議和合同agreementsandcontracts公安局PublicSecurityBureau公司上市companylisting公訴案件public-prosecutingcase公證書notarialcertificate國辦律師事務(wù)所state-runlawoffice國際貿(mào)易internationaltrade國際訴訟internationallitigation國內(nèi)訴訟domesticlitigation合伙律師partnerlawyer合伙制律師事務(wù)所lawofficeinpartner-ship;cooperatinglawofice合同審查、草擬、修改contractreview,draftingandrevision會(huì)見當(dāng)事人interviewaclient會(huì)見犯罪嫌疑人interviewacriminalsuspect兼職律師part-timelawyer監(jiān)獄prison;jail鑒定結(jié)論expertconclusion繳納會(huì)費(fèi)membershipdues舉證責(zé)任burdenofproof;onusprobandi決定書decision勘驗(yàn)筆錄recordofrequest看守所detentionhouse抗訴書protest控告人accuser;complainant跨國訴訟transnationallitigation勞動(dòng)爭議labordisputes勞動(dòng)爭議仲裁委員會(huì)arbitrationcommitteeforlabordisputes勞改場reform-through-laborfarm;prisonfarm利害關(guān)系人interestedparty;partyininterest律管處處長directoroflawyercontroldepartment律師lawyerattorney;attorneyatlaw律師懲戒lawyerdiscipline律師法LawyerLaw律師費(fèi)lawyerfee律師函lawyer’sletter律師見證lawyerattestation/authentication律師見證書lawyercertification/authentication/witness律師卷宗lawyer’sdocile;file律師刊物lawyer’sjournal律師聯(lián)系電話contactphonenumberofalawyer律師事務(wù)所lawoffice;lawfirm律師收費(fèi)billingbylawyer律師網(wǎng)站lawyerwebsite律師協(xié)會(huì)NationalBar(Lawyer)Association律師協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)員memberofLawyerAssociation律師協(xié)會(huì)秘書長secretarygeneralofBar(Lawyer)Association律師協(xié)會(huì)章程ArticlesofLawyerAssocition律師業(yè)務(wù)室lawyer’soffice律師執(zhí)業(yè)證lawyerlicense律師助理assistantlawyer律師資格考試barexam;lawyerqualificationexam律師資格證lawyerqualificationcertificate民事案件civilcase民事調(diào)解civilmediation民事訴訟civillitigation派出所localpolicestation;policesubstation判決judgement(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于終審);sentence(用于刑事案);verdict(由陪審團(tuán)作出)旁證circumstantialevidence企業(yè)章程articlesofassociation;articlesofincorporation;bylaw企業(yè)重組corporaterestructure起訴狀information;indictment取消律師資格disbar全國律師代表大會(huì)NationalLawyerCongress缺席宣判pronouncejudgementordeterminationbydefault人民法院People’sCourt人民檢察院People’sProcuratorate認(rèn)定事實(shí)determinefacts上訴案件caseoftrialofsecondinstance;appellatecase上訴人appellant上訴狀petitionforappeal涉外律師lawyersspeciallyhandlingforeign-relatedmatters申請復(fù)議administrativereconsiderationpetition申請加入律師協(xié)會(huì)applicationforadmissiontoLawAssociation申請人petitioner;claimant申訴案件appealcase申訴人（仲裁）claimant;plaintiff申訴書appealforrevision,petitionforrevision實(shí)習(xí)律師apprenticelawyer;lawyerinprobationperiod實(shí)習(xí)律師證certificateofapprenticelawyer視聽證據(jù)audio-visualreferencematerial適用法律applylawtofacts受害人victim書證documentaryevidence司法部MinistryofJustice司法建議書judicialadvise司法局JudicialBureau司法局副局長deputydirectorofJudicialBureau司法局局長directorofJudicialBureau司法統(tǒng)一考試uniformjudicialexam送達(dá)serviceofprocess訴訟litigation;action;lawsuit訴訟當(dāng)事人litigationparty;litigiousparty訴訟業(yè)務(wù)litigationpractice訴狀complaint;billofcomplaint;statementofclaim推銷法律服務(wù)promote/marketlegalservice外國律師事務(wù)所foreignlawoffice委托代理合同authorizedrepresentationcontract委托代理人agentadlitem;entrustedagent委托授權(quán)書powerofattorney物證materialevidence嫌疑人criminalsuspect項(xiàng)目融資projectfinancing項(xiàng)目談判projectnegotiating刑事案件criminalcase刑事訴訟criminallitigation行政訴訟administrativelitigation休庭adjournthecourt;recess宣判pronouncejudgement;determination宣誓書affidavit業(yè)務(wù)進(jìn)修attendanceinadvancedstudies一審案件caseoftrialoffirstinstance與國外律師事務(wù)所交流communicatewithforeignlawfirms原告plaintiff證券律師securitieslawyer證人證言testimonyofwitness;affidavit執(zhí)行筆錄executionrecord執(zhí)業(yè)登記registrationforpractice執(zhí)業(yè)范圍scopeofpractice;sphereofpractice;practicearea執(zhí)業(yè)申請practiceapplication執(zhí)業(yè)證年檢annualinspectionoflawyerlicense仲裁arbitration仲裁案件arbitrationcase仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)arbitrationagency專門律師specializedlawyer專職律師professionallawyer;full-timelawyer撰寫法律文章writelegalthesis資信調(diào)查creditstandinginvestigation自訴案件privateprosecutingcase二、訴訟法律案件case案件發(fā)回remand/rimitacase(toalowcourt)案件名稱titleofacase案卷材料materialsinthecase案情陳述書statementofcase案外人personotherthaninvolvedinthecase案值totalvalueinvolvedinthecase敗訴方losingparty辦案人員personnelhandlingacase保全措施申請書applicationforprotectivemeasures報(bào)案reportacase(tosecurityauthorities)被告defendant;theaccused被告人最后陳述finalstatementoftheaccused被告向原告第二次答辯rejoinder被害人victim被害人的訴訟代理人victim’sagentadlitem被上訴人respondent;theappellee被申請人respondent被申請執(zhí)行人partyagainstwhomexecutionisfiled被執(zhí)行人personsubjecttoenforcement本訴principalaction必要共同訴訟人partyinnecessaryco-litigation變通管轄jurisdictionbyaccord辯護(hù)defense辯護(hù)律師defenseattorney/lawyer辯護(hù)人defender辯護(hù)證據(jù)exculpatoryevidence;defenseevidence辯論階段stageofcourtdebate駁回反訴dismissacounterclaim;rejectacounterclaim駁回請求deny/dismissamotion駁回上訴、維持原判reject/dismisstheappealandsustaintheoriginaljudgement/ruling駁回訴訟dismissanaction/suit駁回通知書noticeofdismissal駁回自訴dismiss/rejectaprivateprosecution駁回自訴裁定書rulingofdismissingprivate-prosecutingcase補(bǔ)充答辯supplementaryanswer補(bǔ)充判決supplementaryjudgement補(bǔ)充偵查supplementaryinvestigation不公開審理trialincamera不立案決定書writtendecisionofnocase-filing不批準(zhǔn)逮捕決定書writtendecisionofdisapprovinganarrest不起訴nolpros不予受理起訴通知書noticeofdismissalofaccusationbythecourt財(cái)產(chǎn)保全申請書applicationforattachment;applicationforpropertypreservation裁定order;determination(指最終裁定)裁定管轄jurisdictionbyorder裁定書order;ruling裁決書award采信的證據(jù)admittedevidence查封sealup撤回上訴withdrawappeal撤訴withdrawalawsuit撤銷立案revokeacaseplacedonfile撤銷原判，發(fā)回重審rescindtheoriginaljudgementandremandthecaserotheoriginalcourtforretrial出示的證據(jù)exhibit除權(quán)判決invalidatingjudgement(fornegotiableinstruments)傳喚summon;call傳聞證據(jù)hearsay答辯answer;reply答辯陳述書statementofdefence答辯狀answer;reply大法官associatejustices;justice大檢察官deputychiefprocurator代理控告agencyforaccusation代理申訴agencyforappeal代理審判員actingjudge代為申請取保候?qū)廰gencyforapplicationofthebailpendingtrialwithrestrictedlibertyofmoving彈劾式訴訟accusatoryprocedure當(dāng)事人陳述statementoftheparties當(dāng)庭宣判pronouncementofjudgementorsentenceincourt地區(qū)管轄territorialjurisdiction地區(qū)檢察分院inter-mediatePeople’sProcuratorate第三人thirdparty調(diào)查筆錄recordofinvestigation定期宣判pronouncementofjudgementorsentencelateronafixeddate定罪證據(jù)incriminatingevidence;inculpatoryevidence凍結(jié)freeze督促程序procedureofsupervisionandurge獨(dú)任庭sole-judgebench獨(dú)任仲裁員solearbitrator對妨礙民事訴訟的強(qiáng)制措施compulsorymeasuresagainstimpairmentofcivilaction對席判決judgementinterparties二審trialofsecondinstance二審案件caseoftrialofsecondinsurance罰款imposeafine法定證據(jù)statutorylegalevidence法定證據(jù)制度systemoflegalevidence法官judges法警bailiff;courtpolice法律文書legalinstruments/papers法律援助legalaid法律咨詢legalconsulting法庭辯論courtdebate法庭調(diào)查courtinvestigation法庭審理筆錄courtrecord法庭審理方式modeofcourttrial法庭庭長chiefjudgeofatribunal法院court法院公告courtannouncement反訴counterclaim反訴答辯狀answerwithcounterclaim反訴狀counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminalsuspect附帶民事訴訟案件acollateralcivilaction附帶民事訴訟被告defendantofcollateralcivilaction復(fù)查reexamination;recheck復(fù)驗(yàn)reinspect高級法官seniorjudge高級檢察官seniorprocurator高級人民法院HigherPeople’sCourt告訴案件caseofcomplaint告訴才處理的案件caseacceptedatcomplaint告訴申訴庭complaintandpetitiondivision工讀學(xué)校work-studyschoolfordelinquentchildren公安部MinistryofPublicSecurity公安分局publicsecuritysub-bureau公安廳publicsecuritybureauatthelevelsofprovinces,autonomousregionsandcitiesunderdirectjurisdictionofcentralgovernment公開審理trialinpublic公開審判制度opentrialsystem公示催告程序procedureofpublicsummonsforexhortation公訴案件public-prosecutingcase公訴詞statementofpublicprosecution公證機(jī)關(guān)publicnotaryoffice共同管轄concurrentjurisdiction管轄jurisdiction國際司法協(xié)助internationaljudicialassistance海事法院maritimecourt合議庭collegialpanel合議庭評議筆錄recordofdeliberatingbythecollegiatebench和解composition;compromise核對訴訟當(dāng)事人身份checkidentityoflitigiousparties恢復(fù)執(zhí)行resumptionofexecution回避withdrawal混合式訴訟mixedaction基層人民法院basicPeople’sCourt羈押期限termincustody級別管轄subjectmatterjurisdictionofcourtsatdifferentlevels監(jiān)視居住livingathomeundersurveillance監(jiān)獄prison檢察官procurator檢察權(quán)prosecutorialpower檢察委員會(huì)procuratorial/prosecutorialcommittee檢察院procuratorate檢察院派出機(jī)構(gòu)outposttribunalofprocuratorate簡易程序summaryprocedure鑒定結(jié)論expertconclusion經(jīng)濟(jì)審判庭economictribunal徑行判決directadjudicationwithoutsessions;judgementwithoutnotice糾問式訴訟inquisitionalproceedings拘傳summonbyforce;summonbywarrant拘留所detentionhouse舉報(bào)information/reportofanoffence舉證責(zé)任burdenofproof;onusprobandi決定書decision軍事法院militaryprocuratorate開庭審理openacourtsession開庭通知noticeofcourtsession勘驗(yàn)筆錄recordofinquest看守所detentionhouse可執(zhí)行財(cái)產(chǎn)executableproperty控告式訴訟accusatoryproceedings控訴證據(jù)incriminatingevidence控訴職能accusationfunction扣押distrainon;attachment扣押物distress/distraint寬限期periodofgrace勞動(dòng)爭議仲裁申請書petitionforlabordisputearbitration勞改場reform-through-laborfarm勞教所reeducation-through-laboroffice類推判決的核準(zhǔn)程序procedureforexaminationandapprovalofanalogicalsentence累積證據(jù)cumulativeevidence立案報(bào)告placeacaseonfile立案管轄functionaljurisdiction立案決定書writtendecisionofcase-filing立案偵查reportofplacingacaseonfile利害關(guān)系人interestedparty臨時(shí)裁決書interimaward律師見證書lawyer’swrittenattestation;lawyer’swrittenauthentication律師事務(wù)所lawoffice;lawfirm律師提前介入priorinterventionbylawyer免于刑事處分exemptionfromcriminalpenalty民事案件civilcase民事審判庭civiltribunal民事訴訟civilaction民事訴訟法CivilProceduralLaw扭送seizeanddeliverasuspecttothepolice派出法庭detachedtribunal派出所policestation判決judgement;determination判決書judgement;determination;verdict(指陪審團(tuán)作出的)旁證circumstantialevidence陪審員juror批準(zhǔn)逮捕approvalofarrest破案clearupacriminalcase;solveacriminalcase破產(chǎn)bankruptcy;insolvency普通程序general/ordinaryprocedure普通管轄generaljurisdiction企業(yè)法人破產(chǎn)還債程序procedureofbankruptcyandliquidationofabusinesscorporation起訴filingofalawsuit起訴sue;litigate;prosecute;institutionofproceedings起訴狀indictment;information區(qū)縣檢察院grassrootsPeople’sProcuratorate取保候?qū)弔hebailpendingtrialwithrestrictedlibertyofmoving缺席判決defaultjudgement人民調(diào)解委員會(huì)People’sMediationCommittee認(rèn)定財(cái)產(chǎn)無主案件casesconcerningdeterminationofpropertyasqwnerless認(rèn)定公民無民事行為能力、限制民事行為能力案件casesconcerningdeterminationofacitizenasincompetentorwithlimiteddisposingcapacity上訴appeal上訴人appellant上訴狀petitionforappeal少管所juvenileprison社會(huì)治安綜合治理comprehensivetreatmentofsocialsecurity涉外案件casesinvolvingforeigninterests涉外民事訴訟foreigncivilproceedings涉外刑事訴訟foreigncriminalproceedings申請人applicant;petitioner申請書petition;applicationforarbitration申請執(zhí)行人executionapplicant申訴人宣誓書claimant’saffidavitofauthenticity申訴書appealforrevision;petitionforrevision神示證據(jù)制度systemofdivinityevidence神示制度ordealsystem審查案件casereview審查并決定逮捕examineanddecidearrest審查起訴階段stageofreviewandprosecution審理通知書noticeofhearing審判長presidingjudge審判長宣布開庭presidingjudgeannouncecourtinsession審判管轄adjudgement/trialjurisdiction審判監(jiān)督程序procedurefortrialsupervision審判委員會(huì)judicialcommittee審判員judge審問式訴訟inquisitionalproceedings生效判決裁定legallyeffectivejudgement/order勝訴方winningparty省市自治區(qū)檢察院higherPeople’sProcuratorate失蹤和死亡宣告declarationofdisappearanceanddeath實(shí)（質(zhì)）體證據(jù)substantialevidence實(shí)物證據(jù)tangibleevidence實(shí)在證據(jù)realevidence示意證據(jù)demonstrativeevidence視聽證據(jù)audio-visualevidence收容所collectingpost;saferetreat首席大法官chiefjustice首席檢察官chiefprocurator受害人的近親屬victim’simmediatefamily受理acceptance受理刑事案件審批表registrationformofacceptanceofcriminalcase受送達(dá)人theaddressee書記員courtclerk書記員宣讀法庭紀(jì)律courtclerkreadscourtrules書證documentaryevidence司法部MinistryofJustice司法機(jī)關(guān)judicialorganizatons司法警察judicialpolice司法局judicialbureau司法廳judicialbureauatthelevelsofprovinces,autonomousregions,andcitiesunderdirectjurisdictionofcentralgovernment司法協(xié)助judicialassistance死緩的復(fù)核judicialreviewofdeathsentencewitharetrieve死刑復(fù)核程序procedureforjudicialreviewofdeathsentence死刑復(fù)核權(quán)competenceforjudicialreviewofdeathsentence送達(dá)serviceofprocess送達(dá)傳票serviceofsummons/subpoena送達(dá)訴狀serviceofbillofcomplaint搜查search訴sue;suit;action;lawsuit訴前財(cái)產(chǎn)保全propertyattachmentpriortolawsuit訴訟litigation;lawsuit;sue;action訴訟保全attachment訴訟參加人litigiousparticipants訴訟代理人agentadlitem訴狀complaint;billofcomplaint;stateofclaim特別程序specialprocedures提起公訴instituteapublicprosecution鐵路法院railwaycourt鐵路檢察院railroadtransportprocuratorate庭審程序procedureofcourttrial通緝wantedforarrest投案appearance退回補(bǔ)充偵查returnofacaseforsupplementaryinvestigation委托辯護(hù)entrusteddefense未成年人法庭juvenilecourt無行政職務(wù)的法官associatejudge無正當(dāng)理由拒不到庭refusetoappearincourtwithoutduecause無罪判決acquittal,findingof“notguilty”物證materialevidence先予執(zhí)行申請書applicationforadvancedexecution先予執(zhí)行advancedexecution刑事案件criminalcase刑事拘留criminaldetention刑事強(qiáng)制拘留criminalcoercive/compulsorymeasures刑事審判庭criminaltribunal刑事訴訟criminalproceedings刑事訴訟法CriminalProceduralLaw刑事自訴狀self-incriminatingcriminalcomplaint行政案件administrativecase行政審判庭administrativetribunal行政訴訟administrativeproceedings行政訴訟法AdministrativeProceduralLaw宣告失蹤、宣告死亡案件casesconcerningthedeclarationofdisappearanceanddeath宣判筆錄recordofrenditionofjudgement選民資格案件casesconcerningqualificationsofvoters詢問證人inquire/questionawitness訓(xùn)誡reprimand訊問筆錄recordofinterrogation詢問犯罪嫌疑人interrogatecriminalsuspect言詞證據(jù)verbalevidence要求傳喚證人申請書applicationforsubpoena一裁終局arbitrationawardshallbefinalandbinding一審trialoffirstinstance一審案件caseoftrialoffirstinstance應(yīng)訴通知書noticeofrespondencetoaction有罪判決sentence;findingof“guilty”予審preliminaryexaminantion;pretrial原告plaintiff院長courtpresident閱卷筆錄recordoffilereview(bylawyers)再審案件caseofretrial再審申請書petitionforretrial責(zé)令具結(jié)悔過ordertosignastatementofrepentance債權(quán)人會(huì)議creditors’meeting偵查階段investigationstage偵查終結(jié)conclusionofinvestigation征詢原、被告最后意見consultingfinalopinionoftheplaintiffanddefendant證據(jù)evidence證據(jù)保全preserveevidence證據(jù)保全申請書applicationforevidencepreservation證人證言testimonyofwitness;affidavit支付令paymentorder/warrant知識產(chǎn)權(quán)庭intellectualpropertytribunal執(zhí)行程序procedureexecution執(zhí)行逮捕executionofarrest執(zhí)行和解conciliationofexecution執(zhí)行回轉(zhuǎn)recoveryofexecution執(zhí)行庭executivetribunal執(zhí)行異議objectiontoexecution執(zhí)行員executor執(zhí)行中止discontinuanceofexecution執(zhí)行終結(jié)conclusionofexecution指定辯護(hù)appointeddefense指定仲裁員聲明statementofappointingarbitrator中級人民法院intermediatePeople’sCourt中途退庭retreatduringcourtsessionwithoutpermission仲裁arbitration仲裁被訴人respondent;defendant仲裁裁決award仲裁申請書arbitration仲裁申訴人claimant;plaintiff仲裁庭arbitrationtribunal仲裁委員會(huì)arbitrationcommittee仲裁協(xié)議arbitrationagreement;clausesofarbitration仲裁員arbitrator主訴檢察官principalprocurator助理檢察官assistantprocurator助理審判員assistantjudge專門法院specialcourt專門管轄specificjurisdiction專屬管轄exclusivejurisdiction追究刑事責(zé)任investigateforcriminalresponsibility自首confessiontojustice自訴案件private-prosecutingcase自行辯護(hù)self-defense自由心證制度doctrineofdiscretionalevaluationofevidence自偵案件self-investigatingcase最高人民法院theSupremePeople’sCourt最高人民檢察院theSupremePeople’sProcuratorate最后裁決書finalaward三、民事法律法律淵源sourceoflaw制定法statute判例法caselaw;precedent普通法commonlaw特別法speciallaw固有法nativelaw;indigenouslaw繼受法adoptedlaw實(shí)體法substantiallaw程序法procedurallaw原則法fundamentallaw例外法exceptionlaw司法解釋judicialinterpretation習(xí)慣法customarylaw公序良俗publicorderandmoral自然法naturallaw羅馬法RomanLaw私法privatelaw公法publiclaw市民法juscivile萬民法jusgentium民法法系civillawsystem英美法系systemofAnglo-Americanlaw大陸法系civillawsystem普通法commonlaw大陸法continentallaw羅馬法系Romanlawsystem英吉利法Englishlaw衡平法equity;lawofequity日爾曼法Germanticlaw教會(huì)法ecclesiasticallaw寺院法canonlaw伊斯蘭法Islamiclaw民法法律規(guī)范normofcivillaw授權(quán)規(guī)范authorizationnorm禁止規(guī)范forbiddingnorm義務(wù)性規(guī)范obligatorynorm命令性規(guī)范commandingnorm民法基本原則fundamentalprinciplesofcivillaw平等原則principleofequality自愿原則principleoffreewill公平原則principleofjustice等價(jià)有償原則principleofequalvalueexchange誠實(shí)信用原則principleofgoodfaith行為act作為act不作為omission合法行為lawfulact違法行為unlawfulact民事權(quán)利權(quán)利能力civilright絕對權(quán)absoluteright相對權(quán)relativeright優(yōu)先權(quán)rightofpriority先買權(quán)preemption原權(quán)antecedentright救濟(jì)權(quán)rightofrelief支配權(quán)rightofdominion請求權(quán)rightofclaim物上請求權(quán)rightofclaimforrealthing形成權(quán)rightofformation撤銷權(quán)rightofclaimingcancellation否認(rèn)權(quán)rightofclaimingcancellation解除權(quán)rightofrenouncement代位權(quán)subrogatedright選擇權(quán)rightofchoice承認(rèn)權(quán)rightofadmission終止權(quán)rightoftermination抗辯權(quán)rightofdefense一時(shí)性抗辯權(quán)momentaryrightofdefense永久性抗辯權(quán)permanentcounter-argumentright不安抗辯權(quán)unstablecounter-argumentright同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán)defenserightofsimultaneousperformance既得權(quán)testedright期待權(quán)expectantright專屬權(quán)exclusiveright非專屬權(quán)non-exclusiveright人身權(quán)利personalright人權(quán)humanright人格權(quán)rightofpersonality生命健康權(quán)rightoflifeandhealth姓名權(quán)rightofname名稱權(quán)rightofname肖像權(quán)rightofportraiture自由權(quán)rightoffreedom名譽(yù)權(quán)rightreputation隱私權(quán)rightofprivacy私生活秘密權(quán)rightofprivacy貞操權(quán)virginityright身份權(quán)rightofstatus親權(quán)parentalpower;parentalright親屬權(quán)rightofrelative探視權(quán)visitationright配偶權(quán)rightofspouse榮譽(yù)權(quán)rightofhonor權(quán)利的保護(hù)protectionofright公力救濟(jì)publicprotection私力救濟(jì)self-protection權(quán)利本位standardofright社會(huì)本位standardofsociety無責(zé)任行為irresponsibleright正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)justifiableright;ligitimatedefence防衛(wèi)行為actofdefence自為行為self-conductingact緊急避險(xiǎn)actofrescue;necessity自助行為actofself-help不可抗力forcemajeure意外事件accident行為能力capacityforact意思能力capacityofwill民事行為civilact意思表示declarationofintention意思表示一致meetingofminds;consensus完全行為能力perfectcapacityforact限制行為能力restrictivecapacityforact準(zhǔn)禁治產(chǎn)人quasi-interdictedperson保佐protection自治產(chǎn)人minorwhoiscapableofadministeringhisowncapacity無行為能力incapacityforact禁治產(chǎn)人interdictedperson自然人naturalperson公民citizen住所domicile居所residence經(jīng)常居住地frequentlydwellingplace戶籍censusregister監(jiān)護(hù)guardianship個(gè)體工商戶individualbusiness農(nóng)村承包經(jīng)營戶leaseholdingruralhousehold合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙協(xié)議partnershipagreement合伙財(cái)產(chǎn)propertyofpartnership合伙債務(wù)debtofpartnership入伙joinpartnership退伙withdrawalfrompartnership合伙企業(yè)partnershipbusinessestablishment個(gè)人合伙partnership法人合伙partnershipoflegalperson特別合伙specialpartnership普通合伙generalpartnership有限合伙limitedpartnership民事合伙civilpartnership隱名合伙sleepingpartnership;dormantpartnership私營企業(yè)privateenterprise;proprietorship法人legalperson企業(yè)法人legalbodyofenterprise企業(yè)集團(tuán)groupofenterprise關(guān)聯(lián)企業(yè)affiliateenterprise個(gè)人獨(dú)資企業(yè)individualbusinessestablishment國有獨(dú)資企業(yè)solelystate-ownedenterprise中外合資企業(yè)Sino-foreignjointventureenterprise中外合作企業(yè)Sino-foreigncontractualenterprise社團(tuán)法人legalbodyofmassorganization財(cái)團(tuán)法人legalbodyoffinancialgroup聯(lián)營jointventure法人型聯(lián)營associationoflegalpersons合伙型聯(lián)營coordinatedmanagementinpartnership協(xié)作型聯(lián)營cooperation-typecoordinatedmanagement合作社cooperative民事法律行為civillegalact單方民事法律行為unilateralcivillegalact雙方民事法律行為bilateralcivillegalact多方民事法律行為jointactcivillegalact有償民事法律行為civillegalactwithconsideration無償民事法律行為civillegalactwithoutconsideration;civillegalactwithoutaward實(shí)踐性民事法律行為practicalcivillegalact諾成性民事法律行為consentalcivillegalact要式民事法律行為formalcivillegalact不要式民事法律行為informalcivillegalact要因民事法律行為causativecivillegalact不要因民事法律行為noncausativecivillegalact主民事法律行為principalcivillegalact從民事法律行為accessorycivillegalact附條件民事法律行為conditionalcivillegalact附期限民事法律行為civillegalactwithterm生前民事法律行為civillegalactbeforedeath死后民事法律行為civillegalactafterdeath準(zhǔn)民事法律行為quasi-civillegalact無效行為ineffectiveact可撤銷民事行為revocablecivilact違法行為illegalact;unlawfulact侵權(quán)行為tort欺詐fraud脅迫duress乘人之危takingadvantageofothers’precariousposition以合法形式掩蓋非法目的legalformconcealingillegalintention惡意串通maliciouscollaboration重大誤解grossmisunderstanding顯失公平obviousunjust誤傳misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人originalagent法定代理人statutoryagent;legalagent委托代理人agentbymandate指定代理人designatedagent復(fù)代理人subagent再代理人subagent轉(zhuǎn)代理人subagent代理權(quán)rightofagency授權(quán)行為actofauthorization授權(quán)委托書powerofattorney代理行為actofagency委托代理agencybymandate本代理originalagency復(fù)代理subagency次代理subagency有權(quán)代理authorizedagency表見代理agencybyestoppel;apparentagency律師代理agencybylawyer普通代理generalagency全權(quán)代理generalagency全權(quán)代理委托書generalpowerofattorney共同代理jointagency獨(dú)家代理soleagency居間brokerage居間人broker行紀(jì)commission;brokerhouse信托trust時(shí)效timelimit;prescription;limitation時(shí)效中止suspensionofprescription/limitation時(shí)效中斷interruptionoflimitation/prescription時(shí)效延長extensionoflimitation取得時(shí)效acquisitiveprescription時(shí)效終止lapseoftime;terminationofprescription期日date期間term涉外民事關(guān)系civilrelationswithforeignelements沖突規(guī)范ruleofconflict準(zhǔn)據(jù)法applicablelaw;governinglaw反致renvoi;remission轉(zhuǎn)致transmission識別identification公共秩序保留reserveofpublicorder法律規(guī)避evasionoflaw國籍nationality國有化nationalization法律責(zé)任legalliability民事責(zé)任civilliability/responsibility行政責(zé)任administrativeliability/responsibility刑事責(zé)任criminalliability/responsibility違約責(zé)任liabilityofbreachofcontract;responsibilityofdefault有限責(zé)任limitedliability無限責(zé)任unlimitedliability按份責(zé)任shared/severalliability連帶責(zé)任jointandseveralliability過失責(zé)任liabilityfornegligence;negligentliability過錯(cuò)責(zé)任faultliability;liabilityforfault單獨(dú)過錯(cuò)solefault共同過錯(cuò)jointfault混合過錯(cuò)mixedfault被害人過錯(cuò)victim’sfault第三人過錯(cuò)thirdparty’sfault推定過錯(cuò)presumptivefault惡意badfaith;malice故意deliberateintention;intention;willfulness過失negligence重大過失grossnegligence疏忽大意的過失carelessandinadvertentnegligence過于自信的過失negligencewithundueassumption損害事實(shí)factsofdamage有形損失tangibledamage/loss無形損失intangibledamage/loss財(cái)產(chǎn)損失propertydamage/loss人身損失personaldamage/loss精神損失spiritualdamage/loss民事責(zé)任承擔(dān)方式methodsofbearingcivilliability停止侵害ceasetheinfringingact排除妨礙exclusionofhindrance;removalofobstacle消除危險(xiǎn)eliminationofdanger返還財(cái)產(chǎn)restitutionofproperty恢復(fù)原狀restitution;restitutionoforiginalstate賠償損失compensateforaloss;indemnifyforaloss支付違約金paymentofliquidateddamage消除影響eliminateilleffects恢復(fù)名譽(yù)rehabilitateone’sreputation賠禮道歉extendaformalapology物權(quán)jusadrem;rightinrem;realright物權(quán)制度realrightsystem;rightinremsystem一物一權(quán)原則theprincipalofOnething,OneRight物權(quán)法定主義principaloflegalityofrightinrem物權(quán)公示原則principalofpublicsummonsofrightinrem物權(quán)法jusrerem物property生產(chǎn)資料rawmaterialforproduction生活資料meansoflivelihood;meansofsubsistence流通物resincommercium;athingincommerce限制流通物limitedmerchantablething禁止流通物resextracommercium;athingoutofcommerce資產(chǎn)asset固定資產(chǎn)fixedasset流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)currentasset;floatingasset動(dòng)產(chǎn)movables;chattel不動(dòng)產(chǎn)immovable;realestate特定物rescertae;acertainthing種類物genus;indefinitething可分物resdivisibiles;divisiblethings不可分物resindivisibiles;indivisiblethings主物rescapitalis;aprincipalthing從物resaccessoria;anaccessorything原物originalthing孳息fruits天然孳息naturalfruits法定孳息legalfruits無主物bonavacatia;vacantgoods;ownerlessgoods遺失物lostproperty漂流物driftingo