2022年大學(xué)英語考試真題卷二16測(cè)

2022年大學(xué)英語考試真題卷二（本卷共分為1大題50小題,作答時(shí)間為180分鐘,總分100分,60分及格。）單位: 姓名: 考號(hào):題號(hào)單選題多項(xiàng)選擇判斷題綜合題總分分值得分ー、單項(xiàng)選擇題(共50題,每題2分。每題的備選項(xiàng)中,只有一個(gè)最符合題意)Abusinesswomangotintoataxiinmidtown.Becauseitwastherushhourandshewasinahurrytocatcha(33),shesuggestedaquickwayto(34)it.nrvebeenataxidriverfor15years!nthedriversaid(35)."Youdon'tthinkIknowthebestwaytogo"Thewomantriedtoexplainthatshehadn't(36)toannoyhim,butthedriverkept(37)Shefinallyrealizedhewastooannoyedtobe(38).Soshedidthe(39),"Youknow,you're(40)"shetoldhim."Itmustseem(41)formenottothinkyouknowthebestwaythroughthecity.",thedriverglancedathisriderintherearviewmirror(后視鏡)，turneddownthestreetshe(43)andgothertothetrainontime."Hedidn'tsayanotherwordtherestoftheride,"shesaid,"(44)Igotoutandpaidhim.Thenhethankedme."Whenyoufindyourself(45)withpeopIeIikethistaxidriver,youwiIIalwaystryto(46)youridea.Thiscanleadtolongerarguments,lostjobchancesand(47)marriages.I'vediscoveredonesimple(48)extremelyuniikelymethodthatcanpreventthedisagreementor(49)difficultsituationfromresultinginadisaster.The(50)istoputyourselfintheotherperson'sshoesandlookforthe(51)inwhatthatpersonissaying.Findawayto(52).Theresultmaysurpriseyou.[A]fact[B]meaning[C]expression[D]truthAbusinesswomangotintoataxiinmidtown.Becauseitwastherushhourandshewasinahurrytocatcha(33),shesuggestedaquickwayto(34)it."I'vebeenataxidriverfor15years!nthedriversaid(35).MYoudon'tthinkIknowthebestwaytogo”Thewomantriedtoexplainthatshehadn't(36)toannoyhim,butthedriverkept(37)Shefinallyrealizedhewastooannoyedtobe(38).Soshedidthe(39),"Youknow,you're(40)Mshetoldhim."Itmustseem(41)formenottothinkyouknowthebestwaythroughthecity."(42),thedriverglancedathisriderintherearviewmirror(后視鏡)，turneddownthestreetshe(43)andgothertothetrainontime.“Hedidn'tsayanotherwordtherestoftheride,"shesaid,11(44)Igotoutandpaidhim.Thenhethankedme."Whenyoufindyourself(45)withpeopIeIikethistaxidriver,youwiIIalwaystryto(46)youridea.Thiscanleadtolongerarguments,lostjobchancesand(47)marriages.ドvediscoveredonesimple(48)extremelyuniikelymethodthatcanpreventthedisagreementor(49)difficultsituationfromresultinginadisaster.The(50)istoputyourselfintheotherperson'sshoesandlookforthe(51)inwhatthatpersonissaying.Findawayto(52).Theresultmaysurpriseyou.[A]explain[B]argue[C]agree[D]escape3.What'shappeningArevolutionaryNASAjetwasdestroyedinitsfirstflight.Aboosterrocketveeredoutofcontrolandtumbledtotheground.Aboosterrocketwasdestroyedafteritfulfilledthetask.ArevolutionaryNASAjetwasdestroyedaftermanyflights.{{B}}TEXTA{{/B}}Iwanttomakeuseofthisshortgatheringtomakeclearourworkingrequirement.Thisisabigcompany,andalIclerksshouIdknowhowtoproducegoodeffects,ofcourse,includingme,manager-in-chief.Everyonehere,Ithink,mustknowhowtodistinguishtherightfromthewrong.Butitisnotenoughtoknowwhatisrightandwhatiswrong.OnemustalsobeabletoapplythisknowIedgetoactuaI,concretesituations.Forthat,thevirtueofprudenceisessential.StThomasAquinasreferredtoprudenceastheMruddervirtue",theonethat"steerstheothers.Withoutit,weareIikesomeoneadriftinaboat,tossedinthisdirectionorthatbythewind,thewaves,andthecurrent.Unfortunately,thevirtueofprudencehastoooftenbeenconfusedwithcaution.Thus,the"prudentpersonisonewhonever"rockstheboat"andisespeciallycarefultoavoidoffendingthosewhoareinapositiontoadvancetheirinterests-ortothwartthem.Thewordthatactuallycomesclosesttofunctioningasasynonymforprudenceis"discernment".Theprudentpersonisonewhocan"sizeup"asituationanddecide,ordiscern,whatisthewisestandmostmoralcourseofactiontotake.Accordingly,prudencedoesn1tanswerthequestion,"Whatistherightthinginprincipletodo"Rather,"Whatistherightthingforme(Orforus)todointhissituationTheprudentpersonfullyexaminesasituationandseeksadvicefromothers,(Reachingouttoothersforcounselbeforeactingisoneoftheclassicmarksofaprudentperson.)AjudgementismadeintheIightofthisexaminationandadvice,andthenadecisionismade.Theexerciseofprudencepresupposesthatthepersonknowstherelevantmoralprinciples,hasafundofexperiencefromwhichtodraw,hastheabiIitytomakethebestuseoftheexperience,andhasacapacitytolearnfromothers(whichmeansacapacitytoIistenattentiveIytowhatothersaresaying).TheprudentpersoncanalsorecognisetheimpIicationsofagivensituationandofalineofactiontobetakenunderthecircumstances.TheprudentpersonhastheVisionandforesighttoanticipateobstacIesandtoplantosurmountthem.Inthefinalanalysis,theprudentpersonhastheabiIitytotakeeveryrelevantfactorandcircumstanceintoaccountandthentomakeamoraldecisioninIightofitaII.So,Ihopewecantrytobeaprudentpersonandapplythisvirtueofprudencetoourwork,anddobetterandachievemoreinourwork.Theantheris.talkingabouttheimportanceofprudence.talkingaboutthenecessityofcaution.talkingaboutthesignificanceofdiscernment.tryingtoinformofhowtodistinguishtherightfromthewrong.WhydidMr.GreenhaveaterriblefuelbilllastwinterBecausehiswifeoverheatedthehouse.Becausehismotheroverheatedthehouse.Becausehiswife'smotheroverheatedthehouse.Becauseheoverheatedthehouse.JamesMichenerInhislongwritingIife,JamesMicheneraimedtodonateatleast90percentofwhatheearnedfromhis43novels.HeseemstohavemorethanmadehisgoaI;athisdeath,inOctober1997,hisassetswereestimatedatlessthanUS$10million.HehadgivenawayUS$117miIIion.MichenermakesagoodexampIeforotherphilanthropists,notjustinhowmuchhegave,butinhisstyleofgiving.Thewriterworkedhardatdoinggood,followinguphisdonationstoseehowthemoneywasused.Hegavetothingsforwhichhehadapassion,andhehadalotoffunindoingso.Michenerwas90,whenhedied.HewasonFortunemagazine,sIistofAmerica'stop25phiIanthropists-theonlywriterinacrowdoftycoons.Asked,shortlybeforehisdeath,whetherheeverwishedhehadhismillionsback,hesaidsure,sothatheshouIdhavethepleasureofgivingthemawayagain.Toooften,saysNeIsonAldrich,editorofTheAmericanBenefactor,amagazineaboutphiIanthropists,therichgivewithoutmuchimagination.MTheygivetothecoIIegetheywentto,andthehospitalwherethey,IIdie,"says.MAndmostofthericharestingy;fewgiveevenasmuchas10percent,thetraditionaltitle.Theyholdontothemythofnotdarknesscapital."Michenerdid,infact,givetohiscollege-US$7.2milliontoSwarthmore,inPennsylvania.HecaIIeditarepaymentfortheUS$2,000basketbalIscholarshiptheygavehimin1925.Ashewrotetothecollegepresidentin1969,"ComingasIdidfromafamiIywithnoincomeatall,andwithnoprospectswhatever,coIIegewasthenarrowdoorthatledfromdarknessintoIight.MHiswiIIleavesalmosteverythingtoSwarthmore,includingfire,reroyaItiesfromhisbooks.MicheneraIwaysdescribedhimseIfasafounding,betainNewYorkCityandraisedbyMabelMichener,aQuakerwidow,inDoylestown,Pennsylvania.SheIived,hesaid,bytakinginotherpeople1schiIdrenandotherpeople'slaundry.Forhislast15years,MichenerIivedmodestIyinAustin,Texas,wherehehasmovedtowritethe1,000sagaTexas.Eachofhisbigbestseilers,includingTexas,HawaiiandCovenantmadeaboutUS$5miIIion.Andtherewere20ofthem.What'smore,hestillcoIIectedroyaltiesfromthemusicaIandmovieSouthPacific,whichwasinspiredbyhisfirstbook,TalesoftheSouthPacific,writtenwhenhewas40.FraiIfromkidneydiseaseinhislastyears,MichenerwasprettymuchconfinedtoareeliningchairinasmalIstudy,simplydecorated.Therewerefewpersonalpossessionsbesidessomephotosofhimselfandhislastwife,andasunframedfadedposterofTahiti.AsourceofpleasureandcompanyinthoseyearswastheTexasCentreforWriters.Hislargestgift,to-taiIingUS$64.2miIIion,wenttotheUniversityofTexas,withUS$18miIIiongoingtofoundandsupportthewriters'centre.Hegotalotback,hesaid—"Youmeetbrightpeople,youcanconsultwithanybodythere,andthereare23Iibrariesoncampus.NEveryyearMichenerwouldmeetwiththe10incomingstudents,onebyone,andhewentoutwiththemeveryfaIItothesaltLickbarbecuerestaurant,IieoftenaleatthecoIIegecafeteria,centredirectorJamesMagnusonrecalIs.Heenjoyedtheirbarbecuechickenspecial.HisgifttotheTexasCentreincludedhundredsofmodernAmericanpaintingsworthatotalofUS$31million.HisUS$25miIIioncoIIectionofJapaneseprintshadaIreadybeendonatedtoHonolulu'scityartgaIlery.Hisnextlargestgiftwas$11.5milliontotwomuseumsandtheIibraryinhishometownofDoyIestown.Michener'ssmalIergiftsalsorevealalotaboutwherehisaffectionslay.AndtheyrevealthatitwasaverygoodthingtohaveJamesMiehenerworkinginyourvicinity.WhileresearchingAlaska,forexample,heIivedinalogcabinnearthetinySheIdonJacksonCoIIegeinSitka.HeusedthecampusIibraryandsatandtaIkedtostudentsinthecafeteria.Afterheleft,hegavetheco11egeUS$750,000forscholarships.AfterlivinginHoustononwriteSpace,heendowedacoIIegescholarshipfundforthechiIdrenofNasaemployeespursuingcareersinscienceorengineering.Since1982,73scholarshipshavebeengivenout.AfterwritingCentenniaI,onthesettIingoftheWest,MichenerdonatedUS$50,000tohelppayfortheNebraskaNationaITraiIsMuseum.TheUniversityofMiami,whereMichenerdidhisresearchforCaribbean,gotUS$1millionforawritingprogrammeforgraduatestudents,especiallythosefromtheislands.Similarly,afterfinishingPoland,MichenerestabIishedaUS$400,000fundtosupportPolishwriters.Michenerconsideredhimselfaprofessional,writer,notanauthor;"author"struckhimasapretentiousterm.Likehiswriting,hisphilanthropywasintendedtoeducate;thusthissupportofJamesMichenerisanindustriousandsuccessfulwriter,andalsoanindustriousandsuccessfulphilanthropist.Shortlybeforehisdeath,JamesMichenerwishedhehadhismillionsback.JamesMichenergraduatedfromtheUniversityofTexas.Michenergavegenerouslytothewriterswhosestyleswereverysimilartohis.{{I}}Questions8to10arebasedonthefollowingnewsfromtheVOA.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwiIIbegiven10secondstoanswereachquestion.NowIistentothenews.{{/1}}Wahidwantedtofire.acabinetmemberthenationalpolicechiefalawmakerD.aMuslimscholar{{B1JTEXTD{(/B}1TheDeathofaSpouseFormuchoftheworld,thedeathofRichardNixonwastheendofacompIexpubIicIife.Butresearcherswhostudybereavementwonderedifitdidn1talsosignifytheendofaprivategrief.Hadtheformerpresidentmerelyrunhisa11ottedfourscoreandone,orhadhefaIlenvictimtoapatternthatseemstoaffIictlong-timemarriedcouples:onespousequicklyfollowingtheothertothegravePat,Nixon'swifeof53years,diedlastJune'after*alongiIIness.Nooneknowsforsurewhetherherdeathcontributedtohis.Afterall,hewaselderlyandhadahistoryofseriousheartdisease.Researchershavelongobservedthatthedeathofaspouseparticularlyawifeissometimesf〇IIowedbytheuntimeIydeathofthegrievingsurvivor.HistorianWi11Durantdied13daysafterhiswifeandcoIIaborator,Ariel;BuckminsterFullerandhiswifediedjust36hoursapart.Isthismorethancoincidence"Partofthestory,Isuspect,isthatwemenaresousedtoladiesfeedingusandtakingcareofus,"saysKnudHeIsing,anepidemiologistattheJohnsHopkinsSchooIofPubIichealth,"thatwhenweloseawifewegotopieces.Wedon'tknowhowtotakecareofourselves.11InoneofseveralstudiesHeIsinghasconductedonbereavement,hefoundthatwidowedmenhadhighermortalityratesthanmarriedmenineveryagegroup.But,hefoundthatwidowerswhoremarriedenjoyedthesamelowermortalityrateasmenwho'dneverbeenwidowed.Women'shealthandresiIiencemayalsosufferafterthelossofaspouse.Ina1987studyofwidows,researchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,andUCtSanDiego,foundthattheyhadadramaticdeciineinIeveIsofimportantimmune一systemcellsthatfightoffdisease.EarIierstudiesshowedreducedimmunityinwidowers.Forbothmenandwomen,thestressoflosingaspousecanhaveaprofoundeffect."AlIsortsofpotentiaIlyharmfulmedicaIproblemscanbeworsened,"saysGeraldDavison,professorofpsychoIogyattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.PeopIewithhighbloodpressure,forexampIe,mayseeitrise.InNixon1scase,DavisonspecuIates,"thestroke,althoughnotcauseddirectlybythestress,wasprobablyhastenedbyit."Depressioncanaffectthesurvivingspouse1swilltolive;suicideareelevatedinthebereaved,alongwithaccidentsnotinvolvingcars.InvoIvementinIifehelpsprolongit.Mortality,saysDukeUniversitypsychiatristDanieIBlazer,ishigherinolderpeopIewithoutagoodsocia!-support-system,whodon1tfeelthey1repartofagrouporafamily,thatthey"fitin"somewhere.Andthat1samorecommonproblemformen,whotendnottohaveasmanyclosefriendshipsaswomen.Thesuddenabsenceofroutinescanalsobeahealthhazard,saysBlazer."ApersonwholosesaspouseshowsdeteriorationinnormaIhabitsIikesleepingandeating.whesays."Theydon1thavethatotherpersontoorientthem,Iikewhendoyougotobed,whendoyouwakeup,whendoyoueat,whendoyoutakeyourmedication,whendoyougoouttotakeawalkYourpatternisnolongerlockedintosomeoneelse1spattern,soitdeteriorates."WhileearIierstudiessuggestedthatthefirstsixmonthstoayear-oreventhefirstweek-weretimesofhighermortaIityforthebereaved,somenewerstudiesfindnospecialvulnerabiIityinthisinitialperiod.Mostmenandwomen,ofcoursedonotdieasaresultofthelossofaspouse.Andtherearewaystoimprovetheodds.Astrongsenseofseparateidentityandlackofover-dependencyduringthemarriagearehelpful.Adultsonsanddaughters,sibIingsandfriendsneedtopayspecialattentiontoanewlywidowedparent.Theycanmakesurethatheorsheissocializing,gettingpropernutritionandmedicaIcare,expressingemotionand,aboveall,feeIingneededandappreciated.Accordingtoresearchers,RichardNixon5sdeathwas.causedbyhisheartproblems.indirectlylinkedtohiswife'sdeath.theinevitableresultofoldage.anunexplainableaccident.{{B}}TEXTB{{/B}1ThesealayIikeanunbrokenmirroraIIaroundthepine-girt,IoneIyshoresofOrr'sIsland.Tall,kinglysprucesworetheirregalcrownsofconeshighinair,sparkIingwithdiamondsofclearexudedgum;vastoldhemlocksofprimevalgrowthstooddarklingintheirforestshadows,theirbrancheshungwithlonghoarymoss;whilefeatherylarches,turnedtobriIIiantgoldbyautumnfrosts,Iightedupthedarkershadowsoftheevergreens.Itwasoneofthosehazy,calm,dissolvingdaysofIndiansummer,wheneverythingissoquietthatthefaintestkissofthewaveonthebeachcanbeheard,andwhitecloudsseemtofaintintotheblueofthesky,andsoftswathingbandsofvioletvapormakealIearthlookdreamy,andgivetothesharp,clear-cutoutIinesofthenorthernlandscapealIthosemysteriesofIightandshadewhichimpartsuchtendernesstoItaiianscenery.Thefuneralwasover,—thetreadofmanyfeet,bearingtheheavyburdenoftwobrokenIives,hadbeentothelonelygraveyard,andhadcomebackagain,ーーeachfootstepIighterandmoreunconstrainedaseachonewenthiswayfromthegreat〇IdtragedyofDeathtothecommoncheerfuIofLife.ThesoIemnblackclockstoodswayingwithitseternalntick-tock,tick-rock,MinthekitchenofthebrownhouseonOrr,sIsland.TherewastherethatsenseofastiIInessthatcanbefelt,—suchassettIesdownonadwelIingwhenanyofitsinmateshavepassedthroughitsdoorsforthelasttime,togowhencetheyshalInotreturn.Thebestroomwasshutupanddarkened,withonlysomuchIightascouldfaIIthroughaIittleheart-shapedholeinthewindow-shutter,—forexceptonsoIemnvisits,orprayer-meetingsorweddings,orfunerals,thatroomformednopartofthedailyfamilyscenery1.Thekitchenwascleanandample,withagreatopenfireplaceandwidestonehearth,andovenononeside,androwsofold-fashionedspIint-bottomedchairsagainstthewall.Atablescouredtosnowywhite-ness,andalittlework-standwhereonlaytheBible,theMixssionaryHerald,andtheWeeklyChristianMirror,beforenamed,formedtheprincipalfurniture.Onefeature,however,mustnotbeforgotten,一agreatsea-chest,whichhadbeenthecompanionofZephaniahthroughalIthecountriesoftheearth.Old,andbattered,andunsightlyitlooked,yetreportsaidthattherewasgoodstorewithinofthatwhichmenforthemostpartrespectmorethananythingelse;and,indeed,itprovedoftenwhenadeedofgracewastobedone-whenawomanwassuddenlymadeawidowinacoastgale,orafishing-smackWasrundowninthefogsoffthebanks,leavinginsomeneighboringcottageafamilyoforphans,一inalIsuchcases,theopeningofthissea-chestwasaneventofgoodomentothebereaved;forZephaniahhadalargeheartandalargehand,andwasapttotakeitoutfulIofsiIverdollarswhenonceitwentin.SothearkofthecovenantcouldnothavebeenIookedonwithmorereverencethantheneighborsusuaIIyshowedtoCaptainPenne11ssea-chest.TheauthordescribesOrr'sIsIandina(n)manner.emotionallyappealing,imaginativerational,logicallyprecisefactuallydetailed,objectivevague,uncertain{{B}}TEXTE{{/B}}MorningsatSevenForseveralyearsnowmynewsagenthasbeenspelIingmynameincorrectly.EverymorningIglancehopelesslyatthetopright-handcornerofmynewspaperandwince.Thereissomethingvaguelyupliftingaboutseeingone'sownname,one'scorrectnamewrittenoutinbluepenciIatthetopofanewspaper;andthereissomethingIitterlydegradingaboutseeingone'snamecareIesslydistorted.Ihavementionedthemattertomynewsagentseveraltimes,butitmakesnodifference.Heisasurly,miIitant,independentdeviI,amonopoIistoftheworstkind.HedoesnotrealiseofcoursethathiscarelessnesscausesmeendlesstroubleandnoIittIeembarrassment.Itakemynewspapertotheoffice,Ireaditonthetrain,andthepeopIewithwhomItravelmispronouncemynamebecausetheyhaveonlythenewsagent'swritteninstructiontogoon.WhenIfaiItorecognisemyspokennametheylookatmesuspiciously—asthoughIhavemomentarilyforgottenmyIatestalias.Iusedtoruboutthenewsagent'sbluepenciIIingsbeforeIlefthome,butmodernnewsprintdoesnotstanduptomodernerasersforlongandmypaperwasalwaysverymuchtheworseforwearwhenIreachedthestation.ForafewweeksIdraftedanimaginarydogwheneverIunfoldedthenewspaperinpubIic.MytravelIingcompanionsandofficecolleaguesremainedpuzzled,however.SomeofthemseemedtothinkthatIwasIeadingadoubIelife;therest,thatIwasrobbingsomebody5sletter-60Xonmywaytowork.LaterItriedcrossingoutthenewsagent5smarkandwritingmycorrectnameunderneathit,buteventhismovewasmisinterpreted.AttheofficeitwasassumedthatImadeapracticeofcoIIectingdiscardednewspapersfromthetrainandpassingthemoffasmyown.NooneactuaIIysaidasmuch,butactionsometimesspeaklouderthanwords.NaturaIly,IcouIdnotte11thenewsagentofalIthesethings.HewouIdhaveIaughedmeoutoftheshop.IcouldonlyrepeatmyearIierprotest...Iwasattheshopearly.Hewasstandingbehindthecounter,andassoonasIsawhimIknewthattherewouIdbesomeunpIeasantness.MrHigsonisneverathisbestunshaven,insiippersatmosphereandbraces,andsmokingonanemptystomach.TheIittIeshopwasheavywiththebitter-sweetodouroffreshnewsprintandink:stacksofcrispnewspapersandmagazineslayneatIyonthecounter,andHigsonandtheboyweremakingupthedailyround.HExpress,MirrorandWoman,MsaidHigsonwithhiseyeonagrubbynotebook.TheboycoIIectedthenewspapers,flickedthemagazinebetweentheirpagesandpIacedthef〇Idedbundlebeforehismaster.Higsonbentandscrawledanameinthetopright-handcomeroftheExpress-justtotherightoftheCrusaderinChains."Times,FinancialTimes,Mail,"hebarked."Goodmorning,"Isaid,"JustasmalIpoint,Iwonder..."HigsonlethisbluepenciIclattertothecounterandIookedup."Ithoughtitwouldn5tbelong!"besaid."Mustbeaweekormoresinceyoulastchangedyourorder.""Idon5tthink...""Nousedenyingit,"hebrokein."AlIhereinblackandwhite."HeIickedafingerandpushedatthepagesofthenotebook."Hereweare,"hesaid."February14,MaiIinsteadofChronicIe.March14,HeraldinsteadofMaiIandcanceITelegraphforeightdays.ApriII,WorkerforHerald.May26,TimesinsteadofFeiegraph,ChronicleinsteadofWorker.July21th.."Surely,"Isaid,"ドveaperfectrighttoreadwhichpapersIlike!""YouandoldTopham!Mhesaid."What'sMrTophamtodowithit"Isaid."WeIIhe'sanotherofem.Chopandchange,chopandchange.MustthinkI'venothingbettertodo.M"Asamatteroffact,"Isaid,"Icalledonquiteanothermatter.IwantedtodrawyourattentiontothefactthattherearetwoL'sinmyname."HYougoneandchangeditagainthen”hesaid."AndIshouIdbeobiigedifyouwouldspelIitproperlyinfuture.”“0.K.,0.K.,"hesaid."TwoL's,anythingelsewhiIewe'reaboutitHowaboutorderingtheManchesterGuardianeveryotherFriday""No,that'sail,"IsaidwithallthedigmityIcouldmaster."ChronicleandGraphic,"heyeIled."Comeon,boy,wakeup!Haven'tgotaIIday!"Halfanhourlatermynewspapercrashedthroughtheletterbox.Inthetopright-handedcorner,heavilyunderIinedvwastheword"Topham."Thetoneofthistextis.desperateanddisgustingdepressedandgrievingevilandcuringembarrassingandhopeless{{BJ1TEXTA{{/B}}Iwanttomakeuseofthisshortgatheringtomakeclearourworkingrequirement.Thisisabigcompany,andalIclerksshouIdknowhowtoproducegoodeffects,ofcourse,includingme,manager-in-chief.Everyonehere,Ithink,mustknowhowtodistinguishtherightfromthewrong.Butitisnotenoughtoknowwhatisrightandwhatiswrong.OnemustalsobeabletoapplythisknowIedgetoactuaI,concretesituations.Forthat,thevirtueofprudenceisessential.StThomasAquinasreferredtoprudenceasthe"ruddervirtue”,theonethat"steerstheothers.Withoutit,weareIikesomeoneadriftinaboat,tossedinthisdirectionorthatbythewind,thewaves,andthecurrent.Unfortunately,thevirtueofprudencehastoooftenbeenconfusedwithcaution.Thus,the"prudentpersonisonewhonever"rockstheboat"andisespeciallycarefultoavoidoffendingthosewhoareinapositiontoadvancetheirinterests-ortothwartthem.Thewordthatactuallycomesclosesttofunctioningasasynonymforprudenceis"discernment".Theprudentpersonisonewhocan"sizeup”asituationanddecide,ordiscern,whatisthewisestandmostmoralcourseofactiontotake.Accordingly,prudencedoesn'tanswerthequestion,"Whatistherightthinginprincipletodo"Rather,“Whatistherightthingforme(Orforus)todointhissituationnTheprudentpersonfullyexaminesasituationandseeksadvicefromothers,(Reachingouttoothersforcounselbeforeactingisoneoftheclassicmarksofaprudentperson.)AjudgementismadeintheIightofthisexaminationandadvice,andthenadecisionismade.Theexerciseofprudencepresupposesthatthepersonknowstherelevantmoralprinciples,hasafundofexperiencefromwhichtodraw,hastheabiIitytomakethebestuseoftheexperiencefandhasacapacitytolearnfromothers(whichmeansacapacitytoIistenattentiveIytowhatothersaresaying).TheprudentpersoncanalsorecognisetheimpIicationsofagivensituationandofalineofactiontobetakenunderthecircumstances.TheprudentpersonhastheVisionandforesighttoanticipateobstaclesandtoplantosurmountthem.Inthefinalanalysis,theprudentpersonhastheabiIitytotakeeveryrelevantfactorandcircumstanceintoaccountandthentomakeamoraIdecisioninIightofitaII.So,Ihopewecantrytobeaprudentpersonandapplythisvirtueofprudencetoourwork,anddobetterandachievemoreinourwork.AccordingtoStThomasAquinasprudenceisnot.theruddervirtue.steeringtheothers.thevirtuewithoutwhichpeoplearelikesomeoneadriftinaboat,tossedinthisdirectionorthatbythewind,thewaves,andthecurrent.thevirtuetorocktheboat.Infact,peoplewillfeelverycomfortableifthetemperatureinwinteris.70°F80°F75°F65°F{{I}}Questions8to10arebasedonthefollowingnewsfromtheVOA.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwiIIbegiven10secondstoanswereachquestion.NowIistentothenews.{{/1}}SomeseniorlegislatorsaccusedWahidof.violatingthecongressbyembazzlementviolatingtheconstitutionbyhiringthechiefwithoutconsultingcongressviolatingthecongressbyfiringthechiefwithoutconsultinglawmakersD.vi6iatingtheconstitutionbyfiringthechiefwithoutconsultingparliament{{B}}TEXTD({/B}}TheDeathofaSpouseFormuchoftheworld,thedeathofRichardNixon