醫(yī)學(xué)常用詞匯-醫(yī)學(xué)各系統(tǒng)常用詞匯

PAGEPAGE28附錄常用解剖詞匯1、頭顱解剖顱骨cranialbone外板outerplate內(nèi)板innerplate板障diploe腦膜中動脈溝middlemeningealarterygroove靜脈溝venousgroove顱縫cranialsuture額縫frontalsuture冠狀縫coronalsuture人字縫lambdoidsuture矢狀縫sagittalsuture顳頂縫temporoparietalsuture前囟anteriorfontanelle后囟posteriorfontanelle顱前窩anteriorcranialfossa顱中窩middlecranialfossa顱后窩posteriorcranialfossa篩板cribriformplate視神經(jīng)管opticcanal眶上裂superiororbitalfissure蝶嵴sphenoidalcrest蝶骨大翼greaterwingofsphenoid蝶骨小翼lesserwingofsphenoid碟鞍sellaturcica前床突anteriorclinoidprocess后床突posteriorclinoidprocess鞍結(jié)節(jié)tuberculumsellae鞍背dorsumsellae垂體pituitarygland垂體柄pituitarystalk垂體窩hypophysealfossa鞍膈diaphragmsellae破裂孔foramenlacerum圓孔foramenrotundum卵圓孔foramenovale棘孔foramenspinosum斜坡clivus乳突mastoidprocess巖骨尖petrousapex內(nèi)聽道internalauditorycanal頸靜脈孔jugularforamen枕內(nèi)隆突internaloccipitalprotuberance枕外隆突externaloccipitalprotuberance枕大孔foramenmagnum腦脊膜meninges硬腦膜cerebralduramater蛛網(wǎng)膜cerebralarachnoidmater軟腦膜cerebralpiamatter大腦鐮cerebralfalx小腦鐮cerebellarfalx硬膜外隙epiduralspace硬膜下隙subduralsoace蛛網(wǎng)膜下隙subarachnoidspace側(cè)裂池cisternofsylvius四疊體池quadrigeminalcistern腳間池interpeduncularcistern鞍上池suprasellarcistern橋池pontinecistern小腦上池supracerebellarcistern小腦延髓池cerebellomedullarycistern枕大池cisternamagna蛛網(wǎng)膜顆粒arachnoidgranulations脈絡(luò)叢choroidplexus腦脊液cerebrospinalfluid大腦cerebrum大腦半球cerebralhemisphere大腦皮質(zhì)cerebralcortex大腦髓質(zhì)cerebralmedulla腦回gyrus腦溝sulcus縱裂longitudinalfissure側(cè)裂sylvianfissure額葉frontallobe額極frontalpole頂葉parietallobe枕葉occipitallobe顳葉temporallobe島葉insularlobe海馬hippocampus嗅腦rhinencephalon胼胝體corpuscallosum胼胝體圧部spleniumofcorpuscallosum胼胝體干trunkofcorpuscallosum胼胝體膝部genuofcorpuscallosum胼胝體嘴部rostrumofcorpuscallosum胼胝體輻射radiationofcorpuscallosum基底核basalnuclei紋狀體corpusstriatum尾狀核caudatenucleus尾狀核頭部headofcaudatenucleus尾狀核體部bodyofcaudatenucleus尾狀核尾部tailofcaudatenucleus豆?fàn)詈薼entiformnucleus 殼核putamen蒼白球globuspallidus屏狀核claustrum杏仁體amygdaloidbody外囊externalcapsule內(nèi)囊internalcapsule內(nèi)囊前肢anteriorlimbofinternalcapsule內(nèi)囊膝genuofinternalcapsule內(nèi)囊后肢posteriorlimbofinternalcapsule間腦diencephalon背側(cè)丘腦dorsalthalamus上丘腦epithalamus下丘腦hypothalamus腦干brainstem中腦midbrain大腦腳cerebralpeduncle腳間窩interpeduncularfossa橋腦pons小腦橋腦角cerebellopontineangle黑質(zhì)substantianigra紅核rednucleus延髓medullaoblongata小腦cerebellum小腦半球cerebellarhemisphere小腦蚓vermis小腦扁桃體tonsilofcerebellum齒狀核dentatenucleus小腦腳cerebellarpeduncle腦室ventricle側(cè)腦室lateralventricle側(cè)腦室中央部centralpartoflateralventricle側(cè)腦室前角anteriorhornoflateralventricle側(cè)腦室后角posteriorhornoflateralventricle側(cè)腦室下角inferiorhornoflaterialventricle孟氏孔foramenofMonro透明隔septumpellucidum第三腦室thirdventricle視隱窩opticrecess漏斗隱窩infundibularrecess松果體pinealbody松果體上隱窩pinealrecess第四腦室fourthventricle第四腦室正中孔medianapertureoffourthventricle第四腦室外側(cè)孔lateralapertureoffourthventricle視交叉opticchiasma視束optictrack乳頭體mamillarybody漏斗infundibulum導(dǎo)水管aqueduct腦神經(jīng)cranialnerves嗅神經(jīng)olfactorynerve視神經(jīng)opticnerve動眼神經(jīng)oculomotornerve滑車神經(jīng)trochlearnerve三叉神經(jīng)trigeminalnerve展神經(jīng)abducentnerve面神經(jīng)facialnerve前庭蝸神經(jīng)vestibulocochlearnerve舌咽神經(jīng)glossopharyngealnerve迷走神經(jīng)vagusnerve副神經(jīng)accessorynerve舌下神經(jīng)hypoglossalnerve頸總動脈commoncarotidartery頸動脈竇carotidsinus頸動脈分杈carotidbifurcation頸外動脈externalcarotidartery甲狀腺上動脈superiorthyroidartery咽升動脈ascendingpharyngealartery腦膜后動脈posteriormeningealartery舌動脈lingualartery面動脈facialartery刻下動脈submentalartery枕動脈occipitalartery腦膜支meningealbranch顳淺動脈superficialtemporalartery上頜動脈maxillaryartery腦膜中動脈middlemeningealartery頸內(nèi)動脈internalcarotidartery海綿竇部cavernouspart海綿竇支branchofcavernoussinus腦膜垂體干meningohypophysialtrunk眼動脈ophthalmicartery腦膜返之recurrentmeningealbranch眼上動脈supraorbitalartery腦膜前支anteriormeningealbranch后交通動脈posteriorcommunicatingartery脈絡(luò)叢前動脈anteriorchoroidalartery大腦前動脈anteriorcerebralartery前交通動脈anteriorcommunicatingartery額支frontalbranch交通后部（胼周動脈）postcommunicatingpart胼胝體緣動脈callosomarginalartery頂枕動脈parietooccipitalartery大腦中動脈middlecerebralartery顳極動脈temporalispolarisartery顳葉前動脈anteriortemporalartery顳葉中動脈middletemporalartery顳葉后動脈posteriortemporalartery頂葉后動脈posteriorparietalartery角回動脈arteryofangulrgyrus額頂升支fronto-parietalartery椎動脈vertebralartery大腦動脈環(huán)cerebralarterialcircle基底動脈basilarartery小腦下后動脈posteriorinferiorcerebellarartery小腦下前動脈anteriorinferiorcerebralartery小腦上動脈superiorcerebellarartery小腦后動脈inferiorcerebellarartery后內(nèi)側(cè)中央動脈posteromedialcentralarteries脈絡(luò)叢后支posteriorchoroidalbranch后外側(cè)中央動脈posterolateralcentralarteries枕葉外側(cè)動脈lateraloccipitalartery枕葉內(nèi)側(cè)動脈medialoccipitalartery頸內(nèi)靜脈internaljugularvein頸外靜脈externaljugularvein腦膜靜脈meningealvein顳淺靜脈superficialtemporalvein面橫靜脈facialtransversevein上頜靜脈maxillaryveins翼靜脈叢pteryvenousplexus腦膜中靜脈middlemeningealveins硬腦膜竇sinusesofduramater上矢狀竇superiorsagittalsinus下矢狀竇inferiorsagittalsinus直竇straightsinus橫竇transversesinus竇匯confluenceofsinus枕竇occipitalsinus乙狀竇sigmoidsinus巖下竇inferiorpetrosalsinus巖上竇superiorpetrosalsinus海綿竇cavernoussinus蝶頂竇sphnoparietalsinus大腦靜脈cerebralveins大腦淺靜脈superficialcerebralvein大腦下靜脈inferiorcerebralvein大腦深靜脈deepcerebralveins基底靜脈basalvein大腦大靜脈greatcerebralvein大腦內(nèi)靜脈internalcerebralvein小腦靜脈cerebellarvein蚓下靜脈inferiorveinofvermis蚓上靜脈superiorveinofvermis小腦上靜脈superiorcerebellarvein小腦下靜脈inferiorcerebellarvein小腦中央前靜脈precentralcerebellarvein巖部靜脈petrosalvein額肌frontatis顳肌temporalis枕額肌occipitofrontatis頭半棘肌semispinaliscapitis頭夾肌spleniuscapitis頭皮scalp2、胸部解剖胸廓thoraciccage椎骨vertebrae肩胛骨 scapula鎖骨clavicle肋骨costalbone肋軟骨costalcartilage肋間隙intercostalspace胸骨sternum胸骨柄manubriumsterni胸骨體bodyofsternum劍突xiphoidprocess胸鎖關(guān)節(jié)sternoclavicularjoint肩關(guān)節(jié)shoulderjoint肋椎關(guān)節(jié)costovertebraljoints乳房mamma肺尖apexoflung肺門hilumoflung肺野l(fā)ungfield肺實質(zhì)lungparenchyma肺紋理lungmarkings葉間裂interlobarfissure斜裂obliquefissure水平裂horizontalfissure肺葉pulmonarylobe上葉superiorlobe中葉middlelobe下葉inferiorlobe舌葉lingularlobe尖后段apicoposteriorsegment前段anteriorsegment后段posteriorsegment背段dorsalsegment前基底段anteriorbasalsegment后基底段posteriorbasalsegment外側(cè)基底段lateralbasalsegment內(nèi)側(cè)基底段medialbasalsegment氣管trachea支氣管bronchi細(xì)支氣管bronchioles氣管隆突carinaoftrachea氣管杈bifurcationoftrachea淋巴結(jié)lymphnode氣管旁淋巴結(jié)paratracheallymphnode氣管支氣管旁淋巴結(jié)tracheobronchiallymphnode隆突下淋巴結(jié)subcarinallymphnode臟胸膜visceralpleura壁胸膜parietalpleura胸膜腔pleuralcavity膈diaphragm肋膈角costophrenicangle縱隔mediastinum甲狀腺thyroidgland胸腺thymus奇靜脈azygosvein半奇靜脈hemiazygosvein副半奇靜脈accessoryhemiazygosvein升主動脈ascendingaorta降主動脈descendingaorta主動脈弓aorticarch頭臂干brachiocephalictrunk胸主動脈thoracicaorta鎖骨下動脈subclavianartery腋動脈axillaryartery肋間動脈intercostalartery肺動脈pulmonaryartery肺動脈干pulmonarytrunk肺動脈瓣valveofpulmonarytrunk肺動脈圓錐pulmonaryconusarteriosus支氣管動脈bronchialartery胸廓內(nèi)動脈internalthoracicartery頭臂靜脈brachiocephalicvein頭靜脈cephalicvein上腔靜脈superiorvenacava下腔靜脈inferiorvenacava腋靜脈axillaryvein胸廓內(nèi)靜脈internalthoracicvein胸導(dǎo)管thoracicduct垂位心longnarrowheart球形心obliqueglobularheart橫位心transverseheart心耳auricleofheart心房cardiacatrium心室cardiacventricle心尖cardiacapex心包pericardium心膈角cardio-phrenicangle主動脈窗aorticwindow房間隔interatrialseptum室間隔interventricularseptum二尖瓣mitralvalve三尖瓣tricuspidvalve主動脈瓣aorticvalve冠狀動脈coronalartery心肌myocardium胸大肌pectoralismajor胸小肌pectoralisminor肩胛下肌subscapularis背闊肌latissimusdorsi斜方肌trapezius3、腹部解剖食管esophagus食管頸段cervicalsegmentofesophagus食管胸段thoracicsegmentofesophagus食管腹段abdominalsegmentofesophagus胃stomach胃前壁anteriorwallofstomach胃后壁posteriorwallofstomach胃大彎greatercurvatureofstomach胃小彎lessercurvatureofstomach胃角切跡angularincisure賁門cardia胃底fundusofstomach胃體bodyofstomach幽門pylorus幽門管pyloriccanal粘膜mucousmembrane粘膜下層submucouslayer肌層muscularlayer漿膜serousmembrane胃小區(qū)gastricareas胃小溝gastricgroove小腸smallintestine十二指腸duodenum十二指腸上部，球部superiorpartofduodenum十二指腸降部descendingpartofduodenum十二指腸水平部horizontalpartofduodenum十二指腸升部ascendingpartofduodenum十二指腸空腸曲duodenojejunalflexure十二指腸縱襞longitudinalfoldofduodenum十二指腸乳頭duodenalpapilla空腸jejunum回腸ileum大腸largeintestine盲腸cecum回盲瓣ileocecalvalve闌尾vermiformappendix結(jié)腸colon升結(jié)腸ascendingcolon橫結(jié)腸transversecolon降結(jié)腸descendingcolon乙狀結(jié)腸sigmoidcolon結(jié)腸右曲rightflexureofcolon結(jié)腸左曲leftflexureofcolon結(jié)腸袋haustraofcolon直腸rectum直腸壺腹ampullaofrectum肛門 anus腸系膜mesentery腹膜peritoneum腹腔peritonealcavity腹主動脈abdominalaorta腹腔干celiactrunk胃左動脈leftgastricartery胃十二指腸動脈gastroduodenalartery胰十二指腸上動脈superiorpancreaticoduodenalartery胃網(wǎng)膜動脈gastroepiploicartery胃短動脈shortgastricantery腸系膜上動脈superiormesentericartery腸系膜下動脈inferiormesentericartery空腸動脈jejunalartery回腸動脈ilealartery回結(jié)腸動脈ileocolicartery盲腸動脈cecalartery闌尾動脈appendicularartery右結(jié)腸動脈rightcolicartery中結(jié)腸動脈middlecolicartery左結(jié)腸動脈leftcolicartery乙狀結(jié)腸動脈sigmoidarteries直腸上動脈superiorrectalartery胃網(wǎng)膜靜脈gastroepiploicvein胰十二指腸靜脈pancreaticoduodenalvein腸系膜上靜脈superiormesenericvein空腸靜脈jejunalvein回腸靜脈ilealvein回結(jié)腸靜脈ileocolicvein右結(jié)腸靜脈rightcolicvein闌尾靜脈appendicularvein直腸上靜脈superiorrectalvein肝臟liver肝門portahepatis肝臟右葉rightlobeofliver肝臟左葉leftlobeofliver外側(cè)段lateralsegment內(nèi)側(cè)段medialsegment前段anteriorsegment后段posteriorsegment方葉quadratelobe尾葉caudatelobe鐮狀韌帶falciformligamentofliver肝圓韌帶ligamentumtereshepatic肝總動脈commonhepaticartery肝固有動脈properhepaticartery肝右動脈righthepaticartery肝左動脈lefthepaticartery肝靜脈hepaticveins肝門靜脈hepaticportalvein膽囊gallbladder膽囊窩fossaforgallbladder膽囊管cysticduct膽管bileduct膽總管commonbileduct肝外膽管extrahepaticbileduct肝胰壺腹hepatopancreaticampulla十二指腸乳頭duodenalpapilla肝胰壺腹括約肌sphincterofhepatopancreaticampulla胰頭headofpancreas胰體bodyofpancreas胰尾tailofpancreas鉤突uncinateprocess胰管pancreaticduct脾臟spleen脾門hilumofspleen脾動脈splenicartery脾靜脈splenicvein腎臟kidney腎門renalhilum腎竇renalsinus腎皮質(zhì)renalcortex腎髓質(zhì)renalmedulla腎錐體renalpyramids腎乳頭renalpapilla腎柱renalcolumns腎盂renalpelvis腎盞renalcalyx腎周脂肪組織perirenaladiposetissue腎筋膜renalfasciaGerota筋膜Gerota’sfascia腎動脈renalartery葉間動脈interloberartery腎靜脈renalvein葉間靜脈interlobervein輸尿管ureter膀胱u(yù)rinarybladder膀胱尖apexofbladder膀胱體bodyofbladder膀胱底fundusofbladder膀胱頸neckofbladder輸尿管口uretericorifice尿道內(nèi)口internalurethralorifice前列腺prostate陰莖penis尿道urethra尿道前列腺段prostaticsegmentofurethra尿道膜部membranouspartofurethra尿道海綿體部cavernouspartofurethra腎上腺adrenalgland腎上腺皮質(zhì)cortexofadrenalgland腎上腺髓質(zhì)medullaofadrenalgland睪丸testis睪丸鞘膜tunicavaginolisoftestis附睪epididymis附睪頭headofepididymis附睪管ductofepididymis附睪體bodyofepididymis射精管ejaculatoryduct輸精管ductusdeferens精囊seminalvesicle精索spermaticcord卵巢ovary輸卵管uterinetube子宮uterus子宮體bodyofuterus子宮腔cavityofuterus子宮內(nèi)膜endometrium子宮頸neckofuterus子宮頸管canalofcervixofuterus陰道vagina子宮圓韌帶roundligamentofuterus子宮闊韌帶broadligamentofuterus直腸子宮陷凹Douglaspouch子宮靜脈叢uterinevenousplexus子宮陰道靜脈叢uterovaginalvenousplexus陰道靜脈叢vaginalvenousplexus髂總動脈commoniliacartery髂腰動脈iliolumbarartery髂外動脈externaliliacartery髂內(nèi)動脈internaliliacartery腹直肌rectusabdominis豎脊肌erectorspinae腰大肌psoasmajor腰方肌quadratuslumborum閉孔內(nèi)肌obturatorexternus閉孔外肌obturatorinternus恥骨肌pectineus臀大肌gluteusmaximus臀中肌gluteusmedimus臀小肌gluteusminimus髂腰肌iliopsoas4、四肢解剖上肢upperlimb肩shoulder肩胛岡spineofscapula肩峰acromion下角inferiorangle關(guān)節(jié)盂glenoidcavity喙突coracoidprocess肱骨humerus解剖頸anatomicalneck外科頸surgicalneck大結(jié)節(jié)greatertubercle小結(jié)節(jié)lessertubercle髁condyle小頭capitulum滑車trochlea鷹嘴窩olecranonfossa內(nèi)上髁medialepicondyle外上髁lateralepicondile肘elbow橈骨radius莖突styloidprocess尺骨ulna切跡notch腕骨carpus手舟骨scaphoidbone月骨lunatebone三角骨triquetralbone豌豆骨pisiformbone大多角骨trapeziumbone小多角骨trapezoidbone頭狀骨capitatebone鉤骨hamatebone手掌palmofhand掌骨metacarpalbone掌骨體shaftofmetacarpalbone掌骨底baseofmetacarpalbone掌骨頭headofmetacarpalbone指骨phalangesoffingers近節(jié)指骨proximalphalanx遠(yuǎn)節(jié)指骨distalphalanx中節(jié)指骨middlephalanx籽骨sesamoidbone下肢lowerlimb骶骨sacrum骶孔sacralforamina尾骨coccyx髂骨ilium髂骨翼alaofilium坐骨支ramusofischium坐骨體bodyofischium恥骨pubis恥骨聯(lián)合pubicsymphysis閉孔o(hù)bturatorforamen髖hip髖臼acetabulum股骨femur轉(zhuǎn)子間嵴intertrochantericcrest大轉(zhuǎn)子greatertrochanter小轉(zhuǎn)子lessertrochanter膝knee脛骨tibia髁間窩intercondylarfossa髁間隆起intercondylareminence脛骨結(jié)節(jié)tuberclesoftibia髕骨patella腓骨fibula踝ankle內(nèi)踝medialmalleolus外踝lateralmalleolus足foot距骨talus跟骨calcaneus舟狀骨navicularbone骰骨cuboidbone楔骨cuneiformbone跖骨metatarsalbone趾骨phalangesofbone肩關(guān)節(jié)shoulderjoint肘關(guān)節(jié)elbowjoint腕關(guān)節(jié)carpaljoint腕掌關(guān)節(jié)carpometacarpaljoints掌指關(guān)節(jié)metacarpophalangealjoints指骨間關(guān)節(jié)interphalangealjointsofhand骶髂關(guān)節(jié)sacroiliacjoint髖關(guān)節(jié)hipjoint膝關(guān)節(jié)kneejoint半月板meniscus交叉韌帶cruciateligament髕韌帶patellarligament側(cè)副韌帶collateralligaments踝關(guān)節(jié)anklejoint跖趾關(guān)節(jié)metatarsophalangealjoints趾骨間關(guān)節(jié)interphalangealjointsoffoot跟腱tendoncalcaneus滑膜synovialmembrane滑模囊synovialbursa髕上囊suprapatellabursa肱動脈brachialartery橈動脈radialartery尺動脈ulnarartery股動脈femoralartery腘動脈poplitealartery腓動脈peronealartery脛動脈tibialartery肱靜脈brachialvein橈動脈radialvein尺靜脈ulnarvein股靜脈femoralvein腘靜脈poplitealvein腓靜脈peronealvein脛靜脈tibialvein三角肌deltoid肱二頭肌bicepsbrachii肱三頭肌tricepsbrachii縫匠肌sartorius半膜肌semimembranosus半腱肌semitendinosus5、脊椎解剖脊柱ve