中國文化專題課件-高考英語二輪專題

MuralPainting(壁畫）用于中國藝術(shù)、服飾、文化融合、絲綢之路、色彩等主題HanFu/Tangdynastystyleclothes;muralpainting(壁畫）；contemporaryart(當(dāng)代藝術(shù)）The

Silk

Road(絲綢之路）；colorcontrast(色彩對比）；inspiration（靈感）oneoftheearliestandlongestlastingsportsauniquecombinationofexercise,practicalself-defenseandart.Datingbacktoprimeval(原始的)societyChineseKungFuexerciseyourtendons,bones,andskin;trainyourspirit,yourqi,andyourmindTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)ShenNong,thefounderofChineseherbalmedicine(草藥)HuangDiNeiJing,whichistheearliestandmostimportantwrittenrecordofTCM.ItlaysafoundationforthetheoriesofChinesemedicine.AbacusthesymbolsofChinesepeople’swisdomafar-reachinginfluenceonscienceandtechnology,language,literature,art,architectureabacushasaffectedpeople’scharacter,suchashonestyanddiligence.BeijingOperaabsorbingtheactingstylesofothertypesofoperasBeijingOperahasarichlistofplays,artists,troupes,audience,andwideinfluenceItmixessinging,reading,acting,fightinganddancingtogetherBeijingOperaincludethemale,female,painted-face,andcomedicroles.生旦凈丑Chineseproverbs(諺語)pluckingupacroptohelpitgrow揠苗助長Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960-1279)wasveryanxiousto

helphisricecropgrowupquickly.Unfortunately,theleavesofthecropbegantowither(枯萎).PoetryofTangDynasty/TangPoetsLiBaicreatedmanypoemsinpraiseofitsmagnificentmountainsandmightyrivers.LiBaialsoshoweddeepconcernforstateaffairsandexpressinghiswishesfortherealizationofhisloftyaspirations.DuFu’sturbulent(起伏的）experiencesenabledhimtoknowbetterthedarknessofhumansocietyandpeople‘ssufferings.Inhispoems,heexposedtherottenness（腐?。﹐fthecourt,profoundlyportrayedpeople’smiserablelivesandthesocialupheavals（劇變）oftheday.---------CiPoetryofSongDynastyLiuYong’slanguagewaslessrefinedthanusualbutwithharmoniouseleganceandvividdescriptionsothathispoemswereverypopularamonghiscontemporariesevenwiththeaveragepeople.Yuanqureferstotwodifferenttypesofwriting:SanquandZaju.Theformer,likeci,isaformofpoetry;therearefixedtunes,andpoetscomposewordsforthem.ThelatterZajuiswrittenforthestage;itiscompletewithaplot,dialoguessongsandstagedirections.YuanQuandtheRepresentativeWorksGuanHanqing’sworksincludetragedies,comediesandhistoricalplays.Someofthemdescribethelifeofthepeopleofhistime;othersarebasedonhistoricaleventsRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms（三國演義）averycomplicatedstorywithhundredsofcharactersandmanysmallerstoriesinsidethemainone.LiuBeihadtwofriendswhohelpedhim:GuanYu,whoalwaystriedtodotherightthing,andZhangFei,afiercewarrior.TheywereknownastheThreeBrothers(eventhoughtheyweren’treallybrothers).OutlawsoftheMarsh（水滸傳）OutlawsoftheMarshisanovelofpoliticalcorruption,murder,love,martialarts,withstunningportrayalof14thcenturyChina,intertwiningtalesofboldheroes,corruptofficials,andchivalrousmartialartists.JourneytotheWestMonkeyKing（美猴王）WuCheng’enmonkXuanzangMonster（妖怪）Chinesefables,fairytables,legends,popularbeliefs,monsterstoriesaswellaswhatevertheauthorcouldfindintheTaoistandBuddhistreligions.ADreamofRedMansions（紅樓夢）Thenovelreflectsthesocial,political,andeconomictroublesduringthatperiod.ThemajorrolesofthenovelisJiaBaoyu,thesonofthefamilyhead,andLinDaiyu,anorphanedcousin.ConfuciusConfuciuskongzihasmadethegreatestcontributiontoChinesecultureofanyoneinhistory.Confucianismemphasizedself-cultivation,harmoniousrelationshipswitheachotherandrespectfortheelderly.ChineseLunarCalendar（農(nóng)歷）Thelunarcalendar(nongli)isthetraditionalChinesecalendarandisoftenusedinagriculture.２.Forexample,thedivision‘Lichun’or‘thebeginningofspring’remindspeoplethatspringiscoming.‘Jingzhe’or‘thewalkingofinsects’meansthattheweatherisgettingwarmer.‘Lixia’or‘thebeginningofsummer’isthepointthatcropsareblooming.‘Dahan’or‘thegreatcold’istheandofseverewinter.Allthiscreateacircle.China‘sfifthsolarterm（節(jié)氣）,ClearandBright,willbeginonApril5,whichcoincideswith（與．．．重合）atraditionalChinesefestival,QingmingFestival,orTomb-SweepingDay.Thefestivalalsomarksachangeintheweather,astemperaturesbegintorisenationwideandrainfallincreases,makingitacrucialtimeforplowingandsowinginthespring.Duringthesametime,Chinesewillworshiptheirancestors,wearwillowbranches,takespringoutings（踏青）,flykitesandeatcoldfood,amongotheractivities,duringthefestival.QingmingFestivaldatesbacktotheZhouDynasty(c.11thcentury-256BC)．ClearandBright（清明）Chinesepainting1.Red,green,black,white,heavy,light,dryandwetchangesofwaterandinkonpapershowthemysteriesoftraditionalChinesepainting,guohua.2.Toolsandmaterialsinvolvewritingbrushes,ink,coloredink,ricepaperandsilk.4.Water,inkandlinesarethemostessentialfactorsforguohua.５.It’sverycommonthataChinesepaintingisattachedwithapoem.7.IfyouunderstandguohuayouwillhaveabetterunderstandingofChinesepeople.Calligraphy1.Chinesecalligraphy(shufa)referstowritingartandtechniqueswithwritingbrushes.2.1,600yearsago,aboynamedWangXizhiworkedhardatcalligraphy.Hewashedhiswritingbrushesinapoolandthepoolturnedblack.３.Propertechniqueforhandingthewritingbrushesandmaintainingtheproperbetweenthetipsofbrushesandthepaperarerequired.Thestructureofeachindividualcharacterandoverallarrangementarebothimportant.GreatWallWithalengthofmorethan5000kilometres,changchengwasbuiltcontinuouslyovermorethant2000yearsbyChinesepeople.Thewatchtowerswouldbelitupbytorchesifawatchmanspottedanenemyinvasion.MessagescouldbepassedtothemilitarycentrefromoneWatchtowertoanother.Changchengwasexpectedtoprotectnationalpeace.Itisnotonlybrickwall,butalsooneoftheworld’sgreatesthistoricalarchitecturalworks.Theyareboiledinwaterandeatenwithsauceslikevinegar.Therearehundredsoffillingswithdifferentflavours.PeopleeatdumplingsontheChineseNewYearwishingtheywillearnmoremoneyinthecomingyear.Therearemanystepstomakejiaozi.Makingjiaozitogetherwiththewholefamilycreatesaunique,harmoniousatmosphere.Chinesebelievethatahotbowlofjiaoziisfullofthefamily’sloveandaffection.DumplingChinesepeoplelikeeatingdumplings,jiaozi,fortheirdelicioustasteandauspicious（吉利的）meanings.Jiaoziaremadeofmeatandvegetablefilling,andenclosedinapastryshaped