考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)計(jì)量大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)計(jì)量大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Somematerialswillconductheatbetterthanothers.Thesematerialsaresaid____goodconductors.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobe

B.are

C.havingbeen

D.being

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞用法。said后接不定式，saidtobe“被認(rèn)為”。句意：有些材料導(dǎo)熱比其他材料好，這些材料被叫作熱的良導(dǎo)體。所以選A。

2.填空題

Ahealthydietwithpropernutritionisessentialformaintaininggoodoverallhealth.（1）itwasdiscoveredearlierinthiscentury,peoplehaveroutinely

（2）takingsupplementsforthispurpose.TheRecommendedDietaryAllowance(RDA)isausednutritional

（3）

formaintainingoptimalhealth.TheRDAspecifiestherecommended

（4）ofanumberofnutrientsforpeople

（5）manydifferentageandsexgroups.TheNationalResearchCouncil’sCommitteeonDietandHealth（6）proposedadefinitionoftheRDAtobethatamountofanutrient

（7）meetstheneedsof98percentofthepopulation.TheRDAapproachhasanumberofshortcomings.First,itis

（8）

ontheassumptionthat

（9）ispossibletoaccuratelydefinenutritionalrequirementsforagivengroup.

（10），individualnutritional（11）canvarywidelywithineachgroup.Theefficiencywithwhichapersonconvertsfoodintake

（12）nutrientscanalsovarywidely.Certainfoodswheneatenincombinationactually

（13）theabsorptionofnutrients.Forexample,spinachcombinedwithmilkreducestheamountofcalciumavailabletothebody（14）

themilk.Also,theRDAapproachspecifiesadifferentdietaryrequirementforeachageand

（15）.

【答案】（1）since

（2）been

（3）guideline或reference

（4）intake

（5）of

（6）has

（7）which

（8）based

（9）it

（10）second

（11）needs

（12）into

（13）affect

（14）in

（15）sex

【解析】（1）語(yǔ)法題?？崭袼诰涞闹骶洳糠质乾F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行吋（表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始的某動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在），所以空格這是應(yīng)填寫(xiě)一個(gè)連詞since表示時(shí)間的開(kāi)始，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

（2）語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)上一題解析知道這里是完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，taking用的是現(xiàn)在分詞形式，根據(jù)固定搭配（主語(yǔ)）+助動(dòng)詞（have/has）+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他成分）知這里填寫(xiě)been。

（3）句意分析題。根據(jù)該句句意“RecommendedDietaryAllowance（推薦膳食許可量）是保持最佳身體健康的”可知這里要填一個(gè)跟RDA對(duì)等的名詞，guideline或reference都可以。

（4）句意分析題。根據(jù)該句句意“針對(duì)不同年齡及性別的人們，RDA（推薦膳食許可量）列舉了一些營(yíng)養(yǎng)物的推薦攝入量?！薄?dāng)z入量’填寫(xiě)intake。

（5）介詞用法。根據(jù)第4題的句意分析知這里句意是“針對(duì)不同年齡及性別的人們”，應(yīng)該填介詞of來(lái)構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾前面的people。

（6）時(shí)態(tài)用法題。由上文可知本句也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，所以這里填寫(xiě)has。

（7）語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)句意和空格后動(dòng)詞確定這是一個(gè)從句，這里應(yīng)填一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞（指代前面的“amount”）來(lái)構(gòu)成一個(gè)后置定語(yǔ)從句修飾amount，修飾物可以填which或者that，但是前面的amount前有形容詞that，所以這里填寫(xiě)which較為合適。

（8）固定搭配。bebasedon為固定用法，‘建立在…基礎(chǔ)上’。

（9）固定句式：it+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞+that從句。it作形式主語(yǔ)。

（10）推斷題。由前一句中的“first（首先）”及前后句的句意，推斷這里應(yīng)該填跟其詞性一樣的詞（其次），所以填寫(xiě)“second”。

（11）推斷題。根據(jù)前一句句意‘首先，它是基于這樣一種假設(shè)，即有可能準(zhǔn)確定義特定人群的營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求。’推斷這里應(yīng)該是“個(gè)人的營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求”，所以可以填寫(xiě)needs或者requirements，但是上一句已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)requirements，為避免重復(fù)，填寫(xiě)needs。

（12）固定短語(yǔ)。該句句意是‘一個(gè)人轉(zhuǎn)換食物攝取營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的效率也會(huì)有很大差異?！疇I(yíng)養(yǎng)轉(zhuǎn)化’用固定短語(yǔ)convert…into…，所以填介詞into。

（13）句意分析。由后一句的例子可知此處表達(dá)“食物混合在一起，可能影響營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分的吸收?！敝髡Z(yǔ)foods是復(fù)數(shù)形式，動(dòng)詞affect‘影響’用原形。

（14）句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析。這里的theamountofcalcium應(yīng)該是milk中的，故填寫(xiě)介詞in‘在...之內(nèi)’。

（15）對(duì)應(yīng)前文。對(duì)應(yīng)前面第五題空格后的“differentageandsexgroups”，故這里填寫(xiě)sex。

3.單選題

Theterribleaccountingerrorwascorrectedjustbeforetheledgerwas________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.audited

B.overlooked

C.endowed

D.registered

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)audited“受審查的；受審計(jì)的”；B選項(xiàng)overlooked“被忽視的”；C選項(xiàng)endowed“被賦予的，被捐贈(zèng)的”；D選項(xiàng)registered“注冊(cè)的；記名的；登記過(guò)的；（家畜等）附有血統(tǒng)證明的”。句意：就在分類(lèi)賬審計(jì)之前，這個(gè)可怕的計(jì)算錯(cuò)誤被糾正了。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Britain’srichestpeoplehaveexperiencedthebiggesteverriseintheirwealth,accordingtotheSundayTimesRichList.DrivenbytheneweconomyoftheInternetandcomputerentrepreneurs,thewealthofthoseatthetopofthefinancialtreehasincreasedatanunprecedentedrate.The12thannualRichListwillshowthatthecollectiveworthofthecountry’srichest1,000peoplereachednearly146billionpoundsbyJanuary,thecutoffpointforthesurvey.Theyrepresentedanincreaseof31billion,or27%,injust12months.Sincethesurveywascompiled,Britain’srichesthaveaddedbillionsmoretotheirwealth,thankstothecontinuingboomintechnologysharesonthestockmarket.Thishaspushedupthetotalvalueofthewealthoftherichest1,000toaprobable160billionaccordingtoDr.PhilipBeresford,Britain’sacknowledgedexpertonpersonalwealthwhocompilestheSundayTimesRichList.

ThemillenniumboomexceedsanythinginBritain’seconomichistory,includingtherailwayboomofthe1840sandtheSouthSeabubbleof1720.IthasmadeMargaretThatcher’sboomseemassluggishasEdwardHeath’s“threedayweek”,saidBeresford.“Weareseeingbillionsbeingaddedtothenationalwealtheveryweek.”WilliamRubinstein,professorofmodernhistoryattheUniversityofWales;AbeYstwyth,confirmedthatthegrowthinwealthwasunprecedented.Almostalloftoday’swealthhasbeencreatedsincetheindustrialrevolution,butevenbythoseheadystandardsthecurrentboomisextraordinary,hesaid.“Thereisnolargescaleculturaloppositionorguiltaboutmakingmoney.InmanywaysBritishbusinessattitudescannowchallengetheUnitedStates.”

AlthoughtheBritain’srichestareexperiencingthesharpestsurgeinwealth,therestofthepopulationhasalsobenefitedfromthestockmarketboomandrisinghouseprices.Lastyearwealthroseby16%toarecord4,267billion,accordingtocalculationsbytheinvestmentbankSalomonSmithBarney.Inrealterms,wealthhasincreasedbymorethanathirdsincethelate1980s.Muchofthewealthoftherichestisheldinsharesinstart-upcompanies.

Someofthesepaperfortunes,analystsagree,couldeasilybewipedout,althoughthewealthgeneratingeffectsoftheInternetrevolutionseemtobeheretostay.ASundayTimesYoungRichListconfirmsthatpeoplearebecomingwealthieryounger.Itincludesthe60richestmillionairesaged30orunder.Atthetop,on600m,isthe“oldmoney”EarlofInveigh,30,headoftheGuinnessbrewingfamily.InsecondplaceisCharlesNasser,also30,wholaunchedtheClaraNETInternetproviderfouryearsagoandisworth300m.Theremainingeightinthetop10youngmillionairesmadetheirmoneyfromcomputingandtheInternet.

16.The“cutoffpointforthesurvey”(inParagraph1)refersto______.

17.WhichoneisanexampleofthechangedbusinessattitudeinBritain?

18.ThemillenniumeconomicboominBritain______.

19.Whydoestheauthorcallthewealthoftheriches“paperfortunes”?

20.Anewtendencyemergedinthecurrentboomisthat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.146billion—thecollectiveworthofthecountry’srichest1,000people

B.January—thedeadlineforthesurvey

C.31million—theincreaseofwealthinjust12months

D.160billion—thetotalvalueofthewealthofrichest1000

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Today’seconomicboomcannotsurpassMargaretThatcher’sboom.

B.ThreedayweekshowedthatBritishpeopleweremoresluggishthantheyaretoday.

C.Peopledonotfeelguiltyaboutmakingmoney.

D.DoingbusinessinBritainismorechallengingthaninAmerica.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.benefitstherichestalone

B.makesthelifeoftherestofthepopulationevenworseoff

C.hasaddedtotheBritain’swealthby16%sincethelate1980s

D.isprimarilyduetotheinternetrevolution

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.BecausetheirwealthismainlygeneratedfromtechnologyShares.

B.Becausetheirwealthcanbeeasilylost.

C.Becausetheirwealthisgreatlyinfluencedbystartingupcompanies.

D.Becausetheirwealthisquicklydevaluatedwiththeupanddownofhouseprices.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.moreandmorepeoplestarthi-techbusinesstoamassfortune

B.peoplearebecomingrichatyoungerages

C.mostoftherichestmaketheirfortunebyinheritance

D.alltherichestmillionairesareaged30orabove

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】16.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“cutoffpointforthesurvey”可以定位到文章第一段第三句The12thannualRichListwillshowthatthecollectiveworthofthecountry’srichest1,000peoplereachednearly146billionpoundsbyJanuary,thecutoffpointforthesurvey.（第12次年度財(cái)富排行榜將顯示，到調(diào)查的截止日期1月份，英國(guó)最富有的1000人的財(cái)富總和達(dá)到了1460億英鎊。），說(shuō)明“cutoffpointforthesurvey”在文中的意思是指調(diào)查的截止日期。因此B選項(xiàng)“1月——調(diào)查的截止日期”正確。A選項(xiàng)“1460億——全國(guó)最富有的1000人的總身價(jià)”，C選項(xiàng)“3100萬(wàn)——短短12個(gè)月內(nèi)財(cái)富增加的數(shù)量”，D選項(xiàng)“1600億——最富有的1000人的財(cái)富總價(jià)值”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

17.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“businessattitude”可以定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第一、二句Thereisnolargescaleculturaloppositionorguiltaboutmakingmoney.InmanywaysBritishbusinessattitudescannowchallengetheUnitedStates.（人們對(duì)賺錢(qián)沒(méi)有大規(guī)模的文化上的反對(duì)或負(fù)罪感。英國(guó)商業(yè)態(tài)度現(xiàn)在在許多方面都能挑戰(zhàn)美國(guó)。），說(shuō)明英國(guó)商業(yè)態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)谟趯?duì)賺錢(qián)沒(méi)有負(fù)罪感。因此C選項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)賺錢(qián)不感到內(nèi)疚”正確。A選項(xiàng)“今天的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮不能超越撒切爾夫人時(shí)期的繁榮”，由原文可知現(xiàn)在比撒切爾夫人執(zhí)政時(shí)期更加繁榮，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“每周三天工作制表明英國(guó)人比現(xiàn)在更不景氣”，D選項(xiàng)“在英國(guó)做生意比在美國(guó)更有挑戰(zhàn)性”均不符合題意，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。

18.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“richest”可以定位到文章第三段第一句AlthoughtheBritain’srichestareexperiencingthesharpestsurgeinwealth,therestofthepopulationhasalsobenefitedfromthestockmarketboomandrisinghouseprices.（雖然英國(guó)最富有的人們正在經(jīng)歷財(cái)產(chǎn)最強(qiáng)勁的攀升，其他老百姓也從股市的繁榮和房?jī)r(jià)的上漲中獲得了利益。），說(shuō)明英國(guó)的千禧年經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮不光只讓最富有的人受益，普通老百姓也能獲得利益，所以A選項(xiàng)“只讓最富有的人受益”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“使其他人民的生活更加惡化了”，由原文可知，其他人民也從中獲得了利益，所以B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。由C選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“thelate1980s”可以定位到文章第三段第三句Inrealterms,wealthhasincreasedbymorethanathirdsincethelate1980s.（按實(shí)際價(jià)值計(jì)算，自上世紀(jì)80年代末以來(lái)，財(cái)富增長(zhǎng)了三分之一以上。），說(shuō)明英國(guó)的財(cái)富增加了三分之一以上，所以C選項(xiàng)“自20世紀(jì)80年代末以來(lái)使英國(guó)的財(cái)富增加了16%”錯(cuò)誤。由D選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“internetrevolution”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Someofthesepaperfortunes,analystsagree,couldeasilybewipedout,althoughthewealthgeneratingeffectsoftheInternetrevolutionseemtobeheretostay.（分析人士認(rèn)為，盡管互聯(lián)網(wǎng)革命產(chǎn)生的財(cái)富效應(yīng)似乎會(huì)持續(xù)下去，但其中一些紙上財(cái)富可能很容易被抹去。），說(shuō)明英國(guó)的千禧年經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮是由互聯(lián)網(wǎng)革命創(chuàng)造的。因此D選項(xiàng)“主要是由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)革命”正確。

19.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第一句話(huà)，someofthesepaperwealth,這里的these指向上文，因此往前文可以看到第三段最后一句Muchofthewealthoftherichestisheldinsharesinstart-upcompanies.（最富有的人的大部分財(cái)富都持有在初創(chuàng)公司的股票中。）也就是說(shuō)，這些財(cái)富很可能由于初創(chuàng)公司的失敗而付諸東流。因此作者在這里稱(chēng)這些財(cái)富為“paperwealth”，C選項(xiàng)“主要受初創(chuàng)公司影響”正確。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兊呢?cái)富主要來(lái)自于科技股”，B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兊呢?cái)富很容易流失”，D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兊呢?cái)富會(huì)隨著房?jī)r(jià)的漲跌而迅速貶值”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

20.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第二句ASundayTimesYoungRichListconfirmsthatpeoplearebecomingwealthieryounger.（《星期日泰晤士報(bào)》的一份青年富豪榜證實(shí)，人們?cè)诟贻p的時(shí)候變得更富有。），說(shuō)明出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)新趨勢(shì)是人們成為富豪的年齡越來(lái)越小。因此B選項(xiàng)“人們致富的年齡越來(lái)越小”正確。A選項(xiàng)“越來(lái)越多的人創(chuàng)辦高科技企業(yè)來(lái)積累財(cái)富”，C選項(xiàng)“最富有的人多數(shù)是靠繼承發(fā)家的”，D選項(xiàng)“最富有的百萬(wàn)富翁都是30歲以上的人”均不符合原文的意思，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

5.單選題

Twoequallybrilliantscientistsapplyforaprestigiousresearchfellowshipawardedbyatopscientificorganization.Oneiswhite,theotherblack.Doesthecoloroftheirskinmatter?

Mostscientistswillalreadybescreamingaresounding“no”.Thosewhoprogressinsciencedosobecauseoftheirwork,nottheirpigmentation.Scienceismeritocraticandobjective.Itmustthereforeberigorouslycolor-blindandshunbothracialdiscriminationandaffirmativeaction.

Well,let’sthinkaboutthis.Ifsciencereallyissomeritocratic,wherearealltheblackNobelprizewinnersandfellowsoftheRoyalSociety?Theblackchairsofgovernmentscientificpanels?TheblackRichardDawkinsesandSusanGreenfields?WhenNewsweekmagazinerecentlysurveyedEurope’slargest100companies,itwasshockedtounearthonlysixboardmembersofnon-Europeanracialorigin.OneshudderstothinkwhatasimilarsurveyofupperechelonsofEuropeansciencewouldreveal.

Eventheusuallystick-in-the-mudBritishgovernmentnowacknowledgesthereisaproblem.Lastmonthitpromisednewfundingforprojectsdesignedtocombatinstitutionalracisminscienceeducationinschools.Asmeasuresgoitislittleandlate,butwelcomenonetheless.Despitestartingschoolasthetopachievers,blackBritishchildrenhavelongunderperformedinscience.

Andtherearepositivechangesafoothigherupthescientificcareerladdertoo.Atpresent,fewscientificorganizations,fundingbodiesorlabsinEuropebothereventotracktheracialbackgroundsofthosetheyhireorfund.Asaresult,thefullscaleoftheunder-representationproblemishidden.Notformuchlonger.Britain’snewlyamendedRaceRelationsActrequiresallgovernmentbodies,includingfundingcouncils,totracktheeffectsoftheiractivitiesondifferentethnicgroupsandensurethatallbenefitequally.AndnextyearaEuropeanUniondirectivewillpushallEUemployersthiswaytoo.

ButethnicmonitoringalonewillnotcreatetheblackrolemodelsEuropeansciencesobadlyneeds.Somethingelseisneeded.FundingagenciesandinfluentialorganizationsliketheRoyalSocietymustbitethebulletofaffirmativeaction.Thatmeansring-fencingfellowshipsandgrantsforapplicantsfromparticularracialbackgrounds.Anditmeansseekingoutthosewhohavebrokenthroughthebarriersofraceandgivingthempreferenceovertheirequallywell-qualifiedwhitepeersforpositionsofinfluenceandplacesinthespotlight.

Tokenismandfinesentimentswillnolongerdo.Withotherprofessionshavingalreadyleaptaheadinthisarea,theenduringwhitenessofscienceismorethananembarrassment:itisabarriertoitsverycredibility.IfalargesegmentofEurope’sschoolchildrenneverseeascientistwholookslikethem,theywillcontinuetothinkscienceisnotforthem.Andifscientistsdon’treflectthemultiracialsocietiestheylivein,they’llfindithardtowinthepublictrusttheycrave.Doescolormatter?Youbetitdoes.

1.Scienceisnotsomeritocraticbecause______.

2.Theembarrassingproblemaddressedinthepassage______.

3.Oneofthepositivechangesafootis______.

4.Tobitethebulletofaffirmativeactionis______.

5.Theauthorarguesthatcolormattersbecauseitisof______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itiscolor-blind

B.itisraciallydiscriminative

C.itawardswrongresearchworkers

D.itispracticedbythewhiteexclusively

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.wasprovedbyNewsweekmagazine’ssurvey

B.shockedgovernmentscientificpanels

C.wasrevealedbytheRoyalSociety

D.alloftheabove

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.fundingresearchinstitutionsorlabs

B.settingupascientificcareerladder

C.hidingtheracialdiscrimination

D.belittlingracialbackgrounds

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.tosetupblackrolemodelsinEurope

B.tokeepupethnicissuesundersurveillance

C.torestrictfellowshipsandgrantstotheblack

D.tobalancethedistributionoffellowshipsandgrantsbetweenthewhiteandtheblack

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thenatureofscience

B.credibilityofscience

C.anembarrassingtokenism

D.mutualtrustbetweengenerations

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thosewhoprogressinsciencedosobecauseoftheirwork,nottheirpigmentation.Scienceismeritocraticandobjective.Itmustthereforeberigorouslycolor-blindandshunbothracialdiscriminationandaffirmativeaction.（那些在科學(xué)上取得進(jìn)步的人是因?yàn)樗麄兊墓ぷ?，而不是他們的膚色?？茖W(xué)是任人唯賢的，是客觀的。因此，它必須嚴(yán)格無(wú)視膚色，避免種族歧視和平權(quán)行動(dòng)。）”，由此可知種族歧視是科學(xué)不那么任人唯賢的原因，所以B選項(xiàng)“它是種族歧視的”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“它是色盲的”；C選項(xiàng)“它獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)錯(cuò)誤的研究人員”；D選項(xiàng)“是白色人種獨(dú)有的”均不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“WhenNewsweekmagazinerecentlysurveyedEurope’slargest100companies,itwasshockedtounearthonlysixboardmembersofnon-Europeanracialorigin.OneshudderstothinkwhatasimilarsurveyofupperechelonsofEuropeansciencewouldreveal.（當(dāng)《新聞周刊》最近對(duì)歐洲最大的100家公司進(jìn)行調(diào)查時(shí)，令人震驚的是，只有6名非歐洲種族血統(tǒng)的董事會(huì)成員。一想到對(duì)歐洲科學(xué)界高層進(jìn)行的類(lèi)似調(diào)查將揭示出什么，人們就會(huì)不寒而栗。）”，由此可知《新聞周刊》的調(diào)查證實(shí)了文章中提到的尷尬的問(wèn)題，即種族歧視確實(shí)存在，所以A選項(xiàng)“《新聞周刊》的調(diào)查證實(shí)了這一點(diǎn)”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“震驚政府科學(xué)小組”；C選項(xiàng)“由皇家學(xué)會(huì)披露”；D選項(xiàng)“以上都是”都不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第五段“Andtherearepositivechangesafoothigherupthescientificcareerladdertoo.Atpresent,fewscientificorganizations,fundingbodiesorlabsinEuropebothereventotracktheracialbackgroundsofthosetheyhireorfund.（在科學(xué)事業(yè)的階梯上也有積極的變化。目前，歐洲幾乎沒(méi)有科學(xué)組織、資助機(jī)構(gòu)或?qū)嶒?yàn)室費(fèi)心去追蹤他們雇傭或資助的人的種族背景。）”，由此可知對(duì)種族背景關(guān)心的淡化是發(fā)生的積極變化之一，所以D選項(xiàng)“輕視種族背景”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“資助研究機(jī)構(gòu)或?qū)嶒?yàn)室”；B選項(xiàng)“建立科學(xué)的職業(yè)階梯”；C選項(xiàng)“隱藏種族歧視”都與題干無(wú)關(guān)，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第六段“ButethnicmonitoringalonewillnotcreatetheblackrolemodelsEuropeansciencesobadlyneeds.Somethingelseisneeded.FundingagenciesandinfluentialorganizationsliketheRoyalSocietymustbitethebulletofaffirmativeaction.（但是，僅靠種族監(jiān)控并不能創(chuàng)造出歐洲科學(xué)迫切需要的黑人榜樣。還需要一些別的東西。資助機(jī)構(gòu)和像英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)這樣有影響力的組織必須忍受平權(quán)行動(dòng)。）”，由此可知平權(quán)行動(dòng)是為了建立黑人榜樣，所以A選項(xiàng)“在歐洲建立黑人榜樣”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“保持種族問(wèn)題在監(jiān)視之下”；C選項(xiàng)“限制黑人的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金和補(bǔ)助金”；D選項(xiàng)“平衡研究金和補(bǔ)助金在白人和黑人之間的分配”都不符合原文，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Andifscientistsdon’treflectthemultiracialsocietiestheylivein,they’llfindithardtowinthepublictrusttheycrave.Doescolormatter?Youbetitdoes.（如果科學(xué)家不能反映出他們所生活的多種族社會(huì)，他們將發(fā)現(xiàn)很難贏得他們渴望的公眾信任。膚色有關(guān)系嗎?當(dāng)然了。）”，由此可知作者認(rèn)為膚色對(duì)科學(xué)的可信度有很大關(guān)系，科學(xué)家只有尊重不同膚色的社會(huì)，才會(huì)取得公眾信任，所以B選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)的可信度”正確。A選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)的本質(zhì)”；C選項(xiàng)“尷尬的表面文章”；D選項(xiàng)“世代之間的相互信任”說(shuō)法都不正確，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Mostmenholdastereotypedconceptionofwomenthatthefemalearebornwithfrailconstitutionsaswellasa（）mind.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compassionate

B.fragile

C.stubborn

D.fatal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)compassionate“慈悲的，富于同情心的”；B選項(xiàng)fragile“脆的，易碎的”；C選項(xiàng)stubborn“固執(zhí)的”；D選項(xiàng)fatal“致命的，重大的”。句意：大部分男人對(duì)于女人都有一個(gè)刻板的觀念，那就是女人天生體格方面弱，思想方面（固執(zhí)）。句中…mind與frailconstitutions相對(duì)應(yīng)，根據(jù)句意，stubborn“固執(zhí)的”用來(lái)修飾題中女人的思想正確。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Itisourfirm（）thatastepforwardhasbeentakenandwillbringthecountrybacktoeconomicprosperity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conviction

B.empowerment

C.imperative

D.proposition

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。conviction確信，證明；empowerment許可，授權(quán)；imperative命令，需要，勢(shì)在必行；proposition提議，命題。句意：我們堅(jiān)信，已經(jīng)向前邁出了一步，并將使國(guó)家恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

8.單選題

Homeeconomistsrecommend______inlargequantities.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobuybasicfooditems

B.buyingbasicitemsofthefood

C.buyingbasicfooditems

D.tobuybasicitemsofthefood

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.tobuybasicfooditems購(gòu)買(mǎi)基本食品B.buyingbasicitemsofthefood購(gòu)買(mǎi)基本食品

C.buyingbasicfooditems購(gòu)買(mǎi)基本食品D.tobuybasicitemsofthefood購(gòu)買(mǎi)基本食品

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】fooditems是常見(jiàn)搭配，表示“食品”，可先排除B、D項(xiàng)；recommend可以和todo搭配，也可以與doing搭配，但是如果后面跟不定式，recommend后面要跟sb.，recommendsb.todosth.表示“建議某人去做某事”；如果后面跟doing，recommend可以直接跟，recommenddoingsth.表示“建議做某事”，所以此處選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)要加sb.才符合搭配，故排除；

B、D項(xiàng)不符合固定搭配。

【句意】家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家建議大量購(gòu)買(mǎi)基本食品。

9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

VisitingaNationalParkcanberelaxing,inspiringandrejuvenating,butitcanalsobedisturbing.AsyoudriveintoRockyMountainNationalPark,andyouwillseestarvingel,damagedmeadowsanddyingforests.OurparksaregrowingoldbecausewehavemistakenlyprotectedthemfromnationalParks,theNationalParkServicemustchangeitsmanagementprioritiestopreventoverpopulationofanimalsandtorestorenaturalprocessintheforestinordertopreventtheirstagnationand“death”byoldage.Wemustactsoon:ourparksaredyingofoldagebecausewehavealteredtheforcesinnaturethatkeepthemyoungandstrong.

BytracingthehistoryofourNationalParks,wecanunderstandtheproblemandseewhyweneedactivemanagement.Intheearlypartofthe20thcentury,settlersexploitedwildlifeheavily,resultinginnear-extinctionofmanyspecies.Therefore,severalNationalParkswereestablishedbyCongressprimarilytosaveendangeredanimals.However,stricterwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniqueresultedingreaterpopulationsofanimalsovercrowdinginareasofhighconcentration,suchastheYellowstoneelkherds.Complicatingtheproblem,the

NationalParkServiceintheearlypartofthe20thcenturyadoptedapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination,thusreducingnaturalwildlifepopulationcontrol.Subsequently,elkandpopulationexplodedinmanyNationalParks,resultinginseveredamagetonativevegetation.VigorousforestfireandinsectsuppressionintheNationalParksthroughoutthe20thcenturyfurtheralteredthenaturalenvironmentbyallowingforeststoover-mature,withoutnaturalthinningprocesses.Parkmanagersthoughtthattheywereprotectingtheland,butactuallytheywereremovingimportantcontrolsfromtheforestecosystem.

Clearly,wemustimmediatelyifwewanttopassdowntoourchildrenandgrandchildrenthegreenlegacyofourNationalParks;wemuststepinandrestorethenaturalprocesseswhichwehavealteredthroughourwell-intentioned,butmisguided,policiesinthepast.

1.Accordingtothearticle,strictwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniques（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,therewouldnotbestarvingelks,damagedmeadowsordyingforestsinNationalParksif（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,thepopulationexplosionofelkanddeerwascausedalsoby（）.

4.Fromthearticle,wecandeducethattheauthor（）.

5.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.causedthenearextinctionoftheendangeredanimals.

B.intervenedthenaturalprocess.

C.madethevisitofNationalParksrelaxing,andinspiringandrejuvenating.

D.savedtheelksintheRockyMountainParkfromstarvation.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thegovernmentintroducedstricterwildlifelaws.

B.theNationalParkServiceemployedmorewildlifemanagementtechnique.

C.thenaturalprocesseswererestored.

D.ifwecontinuedtoimproveournaturalenvironment.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theadoptionofapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination.

B.theincreasednumberofNationalParks.

C.thedeceasingnumberofvisitorstoNationalParks.

D.theheavyexploitationofendangeredanimalsinthe20century.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.isinsupportoftheresentpolicies.

B.appreciatesthepresentmanagementtechniques.

C.thinksthattheforcesinnatureshouldbealtered.

D.isstronglyinfavorofthenaturalprocesses.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Parkmanagersinterruptedtheforestecosystemsthroughoutthe20thcentury.

B.Flesh-eatinganimalsshouldnotbeeliminated.

C.Insectsuppressionmaycausetheforeststoover-mature.

D.Severedamagetonativevegetationintheforestiscausedbyfire.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章，嚴(yán)格的野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)法和改善后的野生動(dòng)物管理技術(shù)……選項(xiàng)A“造成了瀕危動(dòng)物的瀕臨滅絕”；選項(xiàng)B“干預(yù)了自然過(guò)程”；選項(xiàng)C“使參觀國(guó)家公園變得輕松愉快充滿(mǎn)活力”；選項(xiàng)D“拯救了洛基山國(guó)家公園中快要餓死的麋鹿”，根據(jù)文章第二段中“However,stricterwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniqueresultedingreaterpopulationsofanimalsovercrowdinginareasofhighconcentration,suchastheYellowstoneelkherds.然而，嚴(yán)格化的野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)法和改良的野生動(dòng)物管理技術(shù)導(dǎo)致大量的動(dòng)物擁擠在動(dòng)物密度非常大的地區(qū)，比如黃石公園的麋鹿”，根據(jù)此句可知其所帶來(lái)的影響是負(fù)面的，故可以排除選項(xiàng)C、D；選項(xiàng)A所表達(dá)的意思與此句相反，故錯(cuò)誤；所以正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，國(guó)家公園將不會(huì)再有快要餓死的麋鹿、被破壞的草地和奄奄一息的森林……選項(xiàng)A“政府采用更加嚴(yán)格的野生動(dòng)物法”；選項(xiàng)B“國(guó)家公園管理局采用更多野生動(dòng)物管理技術(shù)”；選項(xiàng)C“重新恢復(fù)自然進(jìn)程”；選項(xiàng)D“我們繼續(xù)改善我們的自然環(huán)境”。根據(jù)文章第一段中“theNationalParkServicemustchangeitsmanagementprioritiestopreventoverpopulationofanimalsandtorestorenaturalprocessintheforestinordertopreventtheirstagnationand‘death’byoldage.”國(guó)家公園管理局必須改變他們的管理優(yōu)先級(jí)來(lái)阻止動(dòng)物數(shù)量的增加和恢復(fù)自然進(jìn)程，不讓公園停滯不前或者隨著時(shí)間死去，可知“阻止動(dòng)物數(shù)量的增加”和“恢復(fù)自然進(jìn)程”是兩個(gè)有效的解決辦法，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)這篇文章，麋鹿和鹿的數(shù)量的激增也是由于什么造成的，選項(xiàng)A“采取了消除食肉動(dòng)物的政策”；選項(xiàng)B“國(guó)家公園數(shù)量的增加”；選項(xiàng)C“國(guó)家公園游客的減少”；選項(xiàng)D“20世紀(jì)對(duì)瀕危動(dòng)物的過(guò)度開(kāi)發(fā)”，根據(jù)第二段中“theNationalParkServiceintheearlypartofthe20thcenturyadoptedapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination,thusreducingnaturalwildlifepopulationcontrol.”國(guó)家公園管理局在20世紀(jì)早期采取了消除食肉動(dòng)物的政策，因此失去了對(duì)野生動(dòng)物數(shù)量的控制，由此可知采取了消除食肉動(dòng)物的政策也是麋鹿和鹿的數(shù)量激增的一個(gè)原因，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。

第4題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)這篇文章，我們可以推斷出作者……選項(xiàng)A“支持現(xiàn)有的政策”；選項(xiàng)B“欣賞現(xiàn)有的管理技術(shù)”；選項(xiàng)C“認(rèn)為應(yīng)該改變自然的力量”；選項(xiàng)D“強(qiáng)烈支持自然進(jìn)程”，作者在這篇文章中表示了對(duì)國(guó)家公園管理局采取的對(duì)國(guó)家公園的管理措施的批判，認(rèn)為其干預(yù)了自然的進(jìn)程，于是破壞了生態(tài)的平衡，所以作者是支持自然進(jìn)程的，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)這篇文章，以下哪個(gè)陳述是不正確的？選項(xiàng)A“20世紀(jì)，公園管理者干擾了森林的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”；選項(xiàng)B“食肉動(dòng)物不應(yīng)該被消除”；選項(xiàng)C“防蟲(chóng)會(huì)造成森林的過(guò)熟”；選項(xiàng)D“森林中當(dāng)?shù)厥卟说膰?yán)重的損害是由火災(zāi)造成的”，選項(xiàng)A、B符合文章的中心思想，排除；根據(jù)文章第二段中“VigorousforestfireandinsectsuppressionintheNationalParksthroughoutthe20thcenturyfurtheralteredthenaturalenvironmentbyallowingforeststoover-mature…整個(gè)20世紀(jì)國(guó)家公園中嚴(yán)重的森林火災(zāi)和防蟲(chóng)造成了森林的過(guò)熟，改變了自然環(huán)境”，可知火災(zāi)和防蟲(chóng)造成了森林的過(guò)熟，所以選項(xiàng)C正確，排除；根據(jù)“elkandpopulationexplodedinmanyNationalParks,resultinginseveredamagetonativevegetation.許多國(guó)家公園中麋鹿數(shù)量的急劇增加造成了當(dāng)?shù)厥卟说膰?yán)重破壞”，可知造成蔬菜破壞的是麋鹿數(shù)量的增加，故選項(xiàng)D表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

10.翻譯題

Assoonasawomanhascaughtherman,she“givesuphercareerforlove”一or,atleast,thatiswhatshewilltellhim.Hecouldhardlybeflatteredbythethoughtthatshehadbeensavedinthenickoftimefromhavingtosweatherwaythroughexaminations,buthewouldmuchrathergetdrunkontheideaofthelove4

【答案】女人一旦捕獲了自己的男人，便會(huì)“為了愛(ài)情而放棄事業(yè)”，或者，至少她會(huì)對(duì)男人如是說(shuō)。雖說(shuō)他大概不會(huì)既得意洋洋地認(rèn)為，是他在緊要關(guān)頭救了她，使她免受考試的煎熬，但他卻寧愿陶醉于愛(ài)情“無(wú)法折衷”的想法，而這種想法是她故意裝作對(duì)她才有的想法。他甚至認(rèn)為，也許她本來(lái)可以成為一名著名的外科醫(yī)生或出色的新聞?dòng)浾撸齾s為了自己放棄了所有的一切。但他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)想到，她更愿意當(dāng)一個(gè)著名外科醫(yī)生的太太，既不用上班，也不用承擔(dān)責(zé)任，就能享有他那樣的收入和地位。因此，為了彌補(bǔ)她所做出的巨大犧牲，他決心讓她在自己的身邊過(guò)上舒舒服服的曰子。

11.單選題

Theirdogwasasubstitute______thechildrentheyhadneverhad.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.of

C.to

D.for

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他們的狗代替了他們從未有過(guò)的孩子。asubstitutefor是固定搭配，意為“某種東西的替代物”。其他三項(xiàng)不能和substitute搭配。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Icouldn’tworkoutwhyanyonewouldinventsomethingsoboring.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.drawup

B.bringabout

C.putforward

D.figureout

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。workout“算出；實(shí)現(xiàn)；制定出；消耗完；理解；鍛煉”；A選項(xiàng)drawup“起草；使靠近”；B選項(xiàng)bringabout“引起；帶來(lái)”；C選項(xiàng)putforward“提出；拿出”；D選項(xiàng)figureout“解決；想出；理解；斷定”。句意：我搞不懂為什么會(huì)有人發(fā)明這么無(wú)聊的東西。根據(jù)句中“whyanyonewouldinventsomethingsoboring為何有人發(fā)明如此無(wú)聊的一些東西”可知workout在這里的意思應(yīng)為“理解”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

MynieceAliceis（）inherwayoflivingandalwaysspendsmoremoneythanisreasonable.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.luxurious

B.distinguished

C.extravagant

D.sophisticated

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)luxurious“奢侈的，豐富的，放縱的”；B選項(xiàng)distinguished“卓越的，著名的，高貴的”；C選項(xiàng)extravagant“奢侈的，浪費(fèi)的，過(guò)度的”，更加傾向于具體的行為舉止；D選項(xiàng)sophisticated“復(fù)雜的，精致的，久經(jīng)世故的”。句意；我的侄女愛(ài)麗絲生活（），總是亂花錢(qián)。而這里描述的是Alice的生活方式很奢侈，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Billisanexampleofaseverelydisabledpersonwhohasbecome（）atmanysurvivalskills.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.proficient

B.persistent

C.consistent

D.sufficient

【答案】A

【解析】proficient精通的,熟練的;persistent持續(xù)的;consistent連續(xù)的,一致的;sufficient足夠的。句意：嚴(yán)重殘疾的人也能夠掌握很多生存證明,比爾就是其中的例證。

15.單選題

Thebadweathermeant（）therocketlaunch(發(fā)射)for48hours.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.delaying

B.havingdelayed

C.todelay

D.tohavedelayed

【答案】A

【解析】句意:糟糕的天氣意味著火箭發(fā)射推延48小時(shí)。

考查固定搭配。meantodosth.打算做某事。meandoingsth.意味著做某事。故選A。

16.單選題

Likemanyotheraspectsofthecomputerage,Yahoobeganasanidea,（1）intoahobbyandlatelyhas（2）intoafull-timepassion.ThetwodevelopersofYahoo,DavidFiloandJerryYang,Ph.Dcandidates（3）ElectricalEngineeringatStanfordUniversity,startedtheirguideinApril1994asawaytokeep（4）oftheirpersonalinterestontheInternet.Beforelongthey（5）thattheirhomebrewedlistswerebecomingtoolongand（6）.GraduallytheybegantospendmoreandmoretimeonYahoo.

During1994,they（7）Yahoointoacustomizeddatabasedesignedto（8）theneedsofthethousandsofusers（9）begantousetheservicethroughtheclosely（10）Internetcommunity.Theydevelopedcustomizedsoftwaretohelpthem（11）locate,identifyandeditmaterial（12）ontheInternet.ThenameYahoois（13）tostandfor“YetAnotherHierarchicalOfficiousOrale”,butFiloandYanginsisttheyselectedthe（14）becausetheyconsideredthemselvesYahoos.Yahooitselffirst（15）onYang’sworkstation,“akebono”,whilethesearchenginewas（16）onFilo’scomputer,“Konishiki".

Inearly1995MarcAndersen,co-founderofNetscapeCommunicationinMountainView,California,invitedFiloandYangtomovetheirfiles（17）tolargercomputers（18）atNetscape.AsaresultStanford’scomputernetworkreturnedto（19）,andbothpartiesbenefited.Today,Yahoo（20）organizedinformationontensofthousandsofcomputerslinkedtotheweb.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.became

B.grew

C.turn

D.intend

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.made

B.saw

C.looked