考研考博-英語-云南民族大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南民族大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Shewonbecauseofherunflaggingenergyandwillpower.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indefatigable

B.involuntary

C.indifferent

D.infallible

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.indefatigable不屈不撓的；不知疲倦的B.involuntary無意識(shí)的；不自覺的

C.indifferent漠不關(guān)心的D.infallible永無過失的；一貫正確的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】flag作動(dòng)詞，是“熱情消退，疲乏”的意思，加上否定前綴un-，也就是“不知疲乏”的意思，A項(xiàng)詞義與之相近，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)詞義不符合句中所選詞匯。

【句意】她贏了，是因?yàn)樗磺粨系木鸵懔Α?/p>

2.單選題

Patrickhasneverlearnedaforeignlanguage,______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nordoeshethinkhehasto

B.neitherhethinkshehasto

C.hethinkshehasnotto,either

D.hedoesn’tthinkhehasto

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.nordoeshethinkhehasto他也不認(rèn)為他有必要B.neitherhethinkshehasto他也不認(rèn)為他有必要

C.hethinkshehasnotto,either他認(rèn)為他也沒必要D.hedoesn’tthinkhehasto他認(rèn)為他沒必要

【考查點(diǎn)】表否定的用法。

【解題思路】由never可知，空格前半句表示否定的含義，所以如果后半部分表示“……也一樣”應(yīng)該用nor（也不是……）；且nor也是否定詞，放在句首要部分倒裝，故把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或者助動(dòng)詞提前，A項(xiàng)符合。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)neither表示“兩者中沒有一個(gè)”，不符合句意，排除；

C選項(xiàng)either一般用于肯定句中；

D選項(xiàng)沒有連接詞and，不能與前面的主句構(gòu)成一個(gè)句子。

【句意】帕特里克從來沒有學(xué)過一門外語，他也不認(rèn)為他必須學(xué)。

3.單選題

Despitethesuspect’s（）tobeinnocent,thereiscompellingevidencethathewasinvolved.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conviction

B.assertion

C.accusation

D.speculation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)conviction“定罪，確信”，B項(xiàng)assertion“斷言，聲明”，C項(xiàng)accusation“控告，指責(zé)”，D項(xiàng)speculation表示“投機(jī)，推測(cè)”。句意：盡管嫌疑犯聲稱自己是無辜的，但有令人信服的證據(jù)表明他參與了此事。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Afteraslowsalesstartearlyintheyear,mobilehomeshavebeengainingfavoras（

）oincreasinglyexpensiveconventionalhousing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anaddition

B.achallenge

C.analternative

D.anintroduction

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。anaddition“一個(gè)增加”；achallenge“—個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)”；analternative“—種可供替代的選擇”；anintroduction“一個(gè)介紹”。由關(guān)鍵信息“mobilehomes移動(dòng)房屋（房車）”與“conventionalhousing傳統(tǒng)房屋”的對(duì)應(yīng)可知C選項(xiàng)“一種可供替代的選擇”正確。句意:‘在經(jīng)歷了這一年早期的銷售低谷之后，移動(dòng)房屋（房車）作為越來越昂貴的傳統(tǒng)房屋的替代品已經(jīng)受到人們的青睞?！?/p>

5.單選題

Thegovernmentisexpectedtomakenewlegislationsto（

）foreigninvestmentinrealestate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.manipulate

B.regulate

C.dominate

D.prevail

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)manipulate“操縱，控制”；B選項(xiàng)regulate“調(diào)節(jié)，管理”;C選項(xiàng)dominate“控制，支配”；D選項(xiàng)prevail“盛行，戰(zhàn)勝”；空格前的“l(fā)egislations法規(guī)”是這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語，所以跟“法規(guī)”搭配應(yīng)該是B選項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

—Lucydoesn’tmindlendingyouherdictionary.

—She_____.I’vealreadyborrowedone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.can’t

B.mustn’t

C.needn’t

D.shouldn’t

【答案】C

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。A項(xiàng)“不能”；B項(xiàng)“禁止”；C項(xiàng)“不必”；D項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)該”。句意：露西不介意把她的詞典借給你。不必了，我已經(jīng)借到了一本。只有C項(xiàng)符合。

7.單選題

Thesamefactorspushwagesandpricesuptogether,theone____theother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.increasing

B.reinforcing

C.emphasizing

D.multiplying

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.increasing使增加B.reinforcing加強(qiáng)

C.emphasizing強(qiáng)調(diào)D.multiplying使大大增加

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析

【解題思路】空格處前后為“一個(gè)”和“另一個(gè)”，根據(jù)前文提到“相同的因素同時(shí)推動(dòng)工資和價(jià)格上漲”，根據(jù)各選項(xiàng)的詞義推測(cè)，原句中“一個(gè)”和“另一個(gè)”指代的是推動(dòng)工資和價(jià)格上漲的不同的因素，B選項(xiàng)reinforcing“加強(qiáng)”最符合原文前后語義銜接，指一個(gè)因素的推動(dòng)作用使另一個(gè)因素的推動(dòng)作用得到加強(qiáng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)increasing側(cè)重于指數(shù)量或水平的增強(qiáng)；

C選項(xiàng)emphasizing“強(qiáng)調(diào)”，不符合原文語義銜接；

D選項(xiàng)multiplying側(cè)重于指數(shù)量的大量增加。

【句意】相同的因素同時(shí)推動(dòng)工資和價(jià)格上漲，一個(gè)因素促進(jìn)另一個(gè)因素。

8.單選題

Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.

Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(營養(yǎng)不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.

Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.

Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.

RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerable(易受傷害的)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention”.Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵的)”.

However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.

Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.

1.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?

2.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?

3.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?

4.WhatisSorenAndreasen’sviewofthereport?

5.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.

B.Ratesofdeathfromillnesshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.

C.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.

D.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.

B.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.

C.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.

D.Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.

B.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.

C.Itdeservesourclosestattention.

D.Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.

B.Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined.

C.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.

D.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming.

B.Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced.

C.Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale.

D.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutritionandheat-relatedhealthproblems.（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，受人類影響的氣候變化提高了包括營養(yǎng)不良和與高溫相關(guān)的各種疾病的全球死亡率。），可知全球變暖造成疾病死亡率上升，沒有說到貧窮國家的具體情況，B選項(xiàng)“由于全球變暖，疾病的死亡率上升了”正確，C選項(xiàng)“營養(yǎng)不良在貧窮國家造成了嚴(yán)重的健康問題”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“全球氣溫影響經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的速度”：根據(jù)第一段Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear（全球變暖每年造成超過30萬人死亡，約1250億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。），可知全球變暖造成經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，而不是影響經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)趨勢(shì)與人口和自然災(zāi)害有關(guān)”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.（這份將于周五發(fā)布的報(bào)告分析了有關(guān)健康、災(zāi)害、人口和經(jīng)濟(jì)趨勢(shì)的數(shù)據(jù)和現(xiàn)有研究。），可知并沒有指出這些研究內(nèi)容的關(guān)系，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.（但在發(fā)布之前，該報(bào)告就遭到了一些氣候和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專家的批評(píng)，他們質(zhì)疑報(bào)告的方法和結(jié)論。），可知有的氣候和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專家對(duì)此提出質(zhì)疑，A選項(xiàng)“它受到了一些氣候和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專家的質(zhì)疑”正確。B選項(xiàng)“它引起了科學(xué)界的極大興趣”，C選項(xiàng)“它受到了環(huán)保主義者的熱烈歡迎”和D選項(xiàng)“它在發(fā)展中國家引起了很大的轟動(dòng)”：文中沒有提到這個(gè)報(bào)告在整個(gè)科學(xué)界和發(fā)展中國家的影響，也沒有提到環(huán)保主義者對(duì)此的看法，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句RogerPielkeJr.,…saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”（RogerPielkeJr.說論壇的報(bào)告是“方法論上的難題”），可知Pielke不認(rèn)同這份報(bào)告的方法，沒有對(duì)其數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，B選項(xiàng)“從方法論來講是無效的”正確，A選項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)看起來很尷尬”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“值得我們密切關(guān)注”：根據(jù)第五段第二句Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention”.（皮爾克博士說“氣候變化是一個(gè)需要我們高度關(guān)注的重要問題?！保?，可知需要關(guān)注的是氣候變化而非報(bào)告，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“結(jié)論被故意夸大”：文中沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段However,SorenAndreasen…sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.（然而，SorenAndreasen……稱這些數(shù)字顯然是粗略的估計(jì)。他說，這份報(bào)告的目標(biāo)是世界各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，他們將于12月在哥本哈根開會(huì)，就新的國際氣候條約進(jìn)行談判。），可知報(bào)告的數(shù)據(jù)是粗略的估計(jì)，不是仔細(xì)收集的，A選項(xiàng)“報(bào)告的結(jié)論基于仔細(xì)收集的數(shù)據(jù)”錯(cuò)誤；而這粗略的估計(jì)主要是給世界各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人看的，D選項(xiàng)“報(bào)告粗略估計(jì)是為了吸引世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的注意”正確；這些世界各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將出席哥本哈根，而不是說報(bào)告會(huì)在這個(gè)會(huì)議上引起熱烈討論，C選項(xiàng)“報(bào)告將在哥本哈根會(huì)議上引起熱烈的討論”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“如果仔細(xì)核查統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，報(bào)告經(jīng)不起推敲”：文中沒有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)第七段第一句Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.（Annan在描述這份報(bào)告的新聞稿中強(qiáng)調(diào)，談判有必要把重點(diǎn)放在增加從富裕地區(qū)向貧困地區(qū)的資金流動(dòng)上，以幫助這些地區(qū)降低對(duì)氣候?yàn)?zāi)害的脆弱性，同時(shí)仍然控制溫室氣體的排放。），可知Annan認(rèn)為重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是富裕地區(qū)幫助貧困地區(qū)面對(duì)氣候?yàn)?zāi)害，而不是如何解決全球性的問題，D選項(xiàng)“富裕國家如何更好地幫助貧困地區(qū)減少氣候?yàn)?zāi)害”正確；A選項(xiàng)“富國和窮國如何分擔(dān)遏制全球變暖的責(zé)任”，B選項(xiàng)“如何減少氣候變化造成的人類和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失”和C選項(xiàng)“如何在全球范圍內(nèi)減少溫室氣體的排放”錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Shewasanexperiencedtravelerwhohad______bothAfricaandEuropeinhertwenties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.traversed

B.transferred

C.trampled

D.trespassed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)traverse“穿過；來回移動(dòng)；反駁；阻撓；詳細(xì)研究；旋轉(zhuǎn)”；B選項(xiàng)transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓；轉(zhuǎn)接；移交；轉(zhuǎn)移（地方）；（使）換乘；轉(zhuǎn)存，轉(zhuǎn)錄；調(diào)動(dòng)（工作）；傳染，傳播；使（運(yùn)動(dòng)員）轉(zhuǎn)隊(duì)；把（錢）轉(zhuǎn)到另一賬戶，機(jī)構(gòu)上”；C選項(xiàng)trample“踐踏；蔑視，傷害；腳步沉重地走”；D選項(xiàng)trespass“非法侵入（他人的土地或財(cái)產(chǎn)）；做錯(cuò)事；違反道德（或社會(huì)法規(guī)）”。句意：她是一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的旅行者，二十多歲時(shí)曾穿越非洲和歐洲。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Iwouldliketohaveatalkwithhim___hisconvenience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.at

C.for

D.with

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。atone’sconvenience“在某人有時(shí)間的時(shí)候，在某人方便的時(shí)候”。句意：我想在他方便的時(shí)候和他談一談。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Manyyearsago,alotoffactorieswere（

）frombigcitiestothemountainousareasincaseofwar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transferred

B.transformed

C.transmitted

D.transported

【答案】A

【解析】考查形似動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。transfer“轉(zhuǎn)移；調(diào)任”；transform“改變，使······變形；轉(zhuǎn)換”；transmit“傳輸；傳播”；transport“運(yùn)輸；運(yùn)送”。句意：很多年前，如果有戰(zhàn)爭，大量的工廠就會(huì)從大城市被轉(zhuǎn)移到山區(qū)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.單選題

Beforetheconstructionoftheroad,itwasprohibitivelyexpensivetotransportanyfursorfruitsacrossthemountains.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.determinedly

B.incredibly

C.amazingly

D.forbiddingly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。prohibitively在句中是“禁止地”，prohibitivelyexpensive的意思是極其昂貴。A選項(xiàng)determinedly“堅(jiān)定地，堅(jiān)決地”；B選項(xiàng)incredibly“端地；令人難以置信地”；C選項(xiàng)amazingly“驚人地，令人驚訝地”；D選項(xiàng)forbiddingly“禁止地”。句意：在修路之前，把毛皮和水果運(yùn)過山是非常昂貴的。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)詞義，只有D項(xiàng)符合。

13.單選題

Thisreporttellsabouttwingirlsseparatedatbirth,raisedinstrikinglydifferenthomes,who________havestrikinglysimilarpsyches.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreover

B.nonetheless

C.deliberately

D.coincidentally

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.moreover此外，而且B.nonetheless盡管如此，然而

C.deliberately故意地，蓄意地D.coincidentally巧合地，碰巧地

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】who引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)定語從句修飾先行詞“twingirls（雙胞胎女孩）”，上文說到她們“在截然不同的家庭（strikinglydifferenthomes）中長大”，和下文“心理卻驚人地相似（strikinglysimilar）”形成對(duì)比，說明前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系，盡管她們?cè)诓煌募彝ブ虚L大，但心理卻是相似的。nonetheless作連接副詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此B選項(xiàng)nonetheless“盡管如此，然而”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)moreover“此外，而且”指引入新的信息來補(bǔ)充或支持之前所說的內(nèi)容，表示遞進(jìn)的邏輯關(guān)系；

C選項(xiàng)deliberately“故意地，蓄意地”指有計(jì)劃地做某事，而非偶然；

D選項(xiàng)coincidentally“巧合地，碰巧地”指因?yàn)榍珊隙l(fā)生；

均不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】這份報(bào)告講述了一對(duì)在出生時(shí)就被分開的雙胞胎女孩，雖然在截然不同的家庭中長大，但她們的心理卻驚人地相似。

14.單選題

Butasthewinterwenton,Ifounditharderandhardertowithdraw—eitherfromtheeventswereadandheardabout,orfromthezealthatseizedthestudentsintheseminar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enthusiasm

B.motivation

C.evidence

D.process

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.enthusiasm熱情，熱忱B.motivation動(dòng)力

C.evidence證明，證據(jù)D.process（為達(dá)到某一目標(biāo)的）過程，進(jìn)程

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】zeal的意思為“熱情，激情”，指的是研討會(huì)上學(xué)生們的熱情，enthusiasm與之詞義相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】但隨著冬天的到來，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己越來越難以從我們讀到和聽到的事件中抽身，也越來越難以從研討會(huì)上學(xué)生們的熱情中抽身。

15.單選題

MichaelYessis,anemeritusprofessorofSportsScienceatCaliforniaStateUniversity,maintainsthat“geneticsonlydeterminesaboutonethirdofwhatanathletecando.Butwiththerighttrainingwecangomuchfurtherwiththatonethirdthanwe’vebeengoing.”YessisbelievesthatU.S.runners,despitetheirimpressiveachievements,are“runningontheirgenetics”.Byapplyingmorescientificmethods,“they’regoingtogomuchfaster”.Thesemethodsincludestrengthtrainingaswellasplyometrics,atechniquepioneeredintheformerSovietUnion.Whereasmostexercisesaredesignedtobuildupstrengthorendurance,plyometricsfocusesonincreasingpower—therateatwhichanathletecanexpendenergy.

Nutritionisanotherareathatsportstrainershavefailedtoaddressadequately.“Manyathletesarenotgettingthebestnutrition,eventhroughsupplements,”Yessisinsists.Eachactivityhasitsownnutritionalneeds.Fewcoaches,forinstance,understandhowdeficienciesintracemineralscanleadtoinjuries.

Focusedtrainingwillalsoplayaroleinenablingrecordstobebroken.“IfweappliedtheRussiantrainingmodeltosomeoftheoutstandingrunnerswehaveinthiscountry,”Yessisasserts,“theywouldbebreakingrecordsleftandright.”

Oneofthemostimportantnewmethodologiesisbiomechanics,thestudyofthebodyinmotion.Abiomechanicfilmsanathleteinactionandthendigitizeshisperformance,recordingthemotionofeveryjointandlimbinthreedimensions.ByapplyingNewton’slawstothesemotions,“wecansaythatthisathlete’srunisnotfastenough;thatthisoneisnotusinghisarmsstronglyenoughduringtake-off,”saysDapena,whousesthesemethodstohelphighjumpers.Todate,however,biomechanicshasmadeonlyasmalldifferencetoathleticperformance.

Revolutionaryideasstillcomefromtheathletesthemselves.Forexample,duringthe1968OlympicsinMexicoCity,arelativelyunknownhighjumpernamedDickFosburywonthegoldbygoingoverthebarbackwards,incompletecontradictionofallthereceivedhigh-jumpingwisdom,amoveinstantlydubbedtheFosburyflop.Fosburyhimselfdidnotknowwhathewasdoing.Thatunderstandingtookthelateranalysisofbiomechanicsspecialists,whoputtheirmindstocomprehendingsomethingthatwastoocomplexandunorthodoxevertohavebeeninventedthroughtheirownmathematicalsimulations.Fosburyalsorequiredanotherelementthatliesbehindmanyimprovementsinathleticperformance:aninnovationinathleticequipment.

Intheend,mostpeoplewhoexaminehumanperformancearehumbledbytheresourcefulnessofathletesandthepowersofthehumanbody.“Onceyoustudyathletics,youlearnthatit’savexingcomplexissue,”saysJohnS.Raglin,asportspsychologistatIndianaUniversity.“Coreperformanceisnotasimpleormundanethingofhigher,faster,longer.Somanyvariablesenterintotheequation,andourunderstandinginmanycasesisfundamental.We’vegotalongwaytogo,”Fortheforeseeablefuture,recordswillbemadetobebroken.

1.Whatisthecontributionofplyometrics?

2.Thepurposeofemployingbiomechanicsfilmsisto（）.

3.Asregardsthestudyofathletics,JohnS.Raglinbelievesthatitis（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Speedinguptherateofathletes’metabolism.

B.Makingclearspecificationsofphysicalexercises.

C.Perfectingthetechniquepioneeredinbreakingrecords

D.Helpingrunnersdevelopstrengthandendurance.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.providematerialsforsportsfilmshooting

B.highlightareasforimprovementinathletes

C.assessthefitnesslevelsofpotentialathletes

D.skimoffpromisingathletesthroughanalysis

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.fundamental

B.challenging

C.complicated

D.theoretical

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.InventionoftheFosburyFlop.

B.ExplorationofAthleticPerformance.

C.Effectofnutritionandtraining.

D.Importanceofgenetics.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Whereasmostexercisesaredesignedtobuildupstrengthorendurance,plyometricsfocusesonincreasingpower一therateatwhichanathletecanexpendenergy.”鑒于大多數(shù)鍛煉旨在增強(qiáng)力量和耐力,增強(qiáng)式訓(xùn)練主要集中在增強(qiáng)力量——即運(yùn)動(dòng)員可以消耗體能的速度。也就是加快運(yùn)動(dòng)員新陳代謝的速度。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知,生物力學(xué)電影主要是記錄運(yùn)動(dòng)中的運(yùn)動(dòng)員的各種情況,從而可以知道他們哪里做得不夠好,也就是有待提高,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“JohnS.Raglin”定位到最后一段第二句“Onceyoustudyathletics,youlearnthatit’savexingcomplexissue”JohnS.Raglin認(rèn)為一旦你學(xué)習(xí)體育,你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它是一個(gè)令人煩惱的復(fù)雜問題。選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是探討運(yùn)動(dòng)員的運(yùn)動(dòng)表現(xiàn),選項(xiàng)B更全面,其他選項(xiàng)均是細(xì)節(jié)描述。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

16.單選題

Foodistotheblood______readingistothemind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.which

C.what

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。本題考查的句型是：AistoBwhatCistoD=AistoBjustasCistoD。意為“A對(duì)于B正如C對(duì)于D一樣”，如：Peopleistothearmywhatwateristofish．句意：食物之于血液，猶如讀書之于心靈。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Collaborations:TheriseofresearchnetworksAfundamentalshiftistakingplaceinthegeographyofscience.Networksofresearchcollaborationareexpandingineveryregionoftheglobe.(46)TheestablishedsciencesuperpowersoftheUnitedStatesandEuropehavedominatedtheresearchworldsince1945.YetthisAtlanticaxisisunlikelytobethemainfocusofresearchby2045.Orperhapsevenby2020.

(47)Newregionalnetworksarereinforcingthecompetenceandcapacityofemergingresearcheconomies,andchangingtheglobalbalanceofresearchactivity.Thismaywellrevealdifferentwaysofapproachingchallenges,andsolutionsthataredifferenttothoseofWesterninstitutions.Ifthesciencesuperpowersaretoavoidbeingleftbehind,theywillneedtostepoutoftheircomfortzonestokeepupwiththedynamismofthenewplayersinthisshiftinglandscape.

(48)Collaborationisnormallyagoodthingfromawiderpublicperspective.Knowledgeisbettertransferredandcombinedbycollaboration,andco-authoredpaperstendtobecitedmorefrequently.Butcouldincreasedglobalcollaborationmeanablendingofobjectivesthatrisksleavingblandpriorities?

Co-authorshipisavalidproxyforcollaborationbecausefewscientistssurrendercreditfortheirpaperslightly,sowecanassumethatsharingofauthorshipreflectsatangibleengagement.(49)Suchpublicationdataarereadilyavailable,covermanycountriesandresearchdisciplinestoagooddepth,andhavereasonableconsistencyacrossdecades.Changesinthebalanceofresearchdonebythelonescientistandthatdonebyteamscanbeseeninco-authorshipdata.Co-authorshiphasbeenincreasinginexorably.Recentlyithasexploded.

(50)AnissueofNaturetodayhasasimilarnumberofLetterstoonefrom60yearsago,butatleastfourtimesmoreauthors.Similarobservationshavebeendocumentedfromclinicalsciencetolaw.Intheearly1980s,paperswithmorethan100authorswererare.By1990,theannualtallywiththatnumberexceeded500—andithaskeptgrowing.Thefirstpaperwith1,000authorswaspublishedin2004;apaperwith3,000authorscamein2008.Bylastyear,atotalof120physicspapershadmorethan1,000authorsand44hadmorethan3,000.ManyofthesearefromcollaborationsattheLargeHadronCollideratCERN,Europe’sparticle-physicslabnearGeneva,Switzerland.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.美國和歐洲這些老牌的科研大國自1945年起一直主宰科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域。但該大西洋軸心可能到2045年不復(fù)維持此中心地位，甚至可能早到2020年就會(huì)如此。

47.新的地區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)正加強(qiáng)新興科學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)體國家的實(shí)力，并改變著全球科學(xué)研究活動(dòng)的平衡。

48.從更廣范圍的公眾視野來看，合作一般來說是件好事。知識(shí)可以通過合作得以更好地傳播和融合，合作的論文也會(huì)被他人更多的引用。

49.這些共同合作者的出版信息極易獲得，涵蓋諸多國家和研究領(lǐng)域，而且近幾十年來一直保持合理的一致性。

50.《自然》雜志收到的信件數(shù)量與60多年前相似，但作者數(shù)量至少是60年前的4倍。類似的情況在臨床醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)、法律等很多學(xué)科也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)。

18.單選題

I’dratheryou（

）anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.do

B.didn’tdo

C.don’t

D.didn’t

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我寧愿你目前什么也不要做。

語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣。Wouldrather后面接從句時(shí)要用虛擬語氣,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。故選B。

19.單選題

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we（）soformally.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.needn’tdressup

B.didnotneeddressup

C.didnotneedhavedressedup

D.needn’thavedressedup

【答案】D

【解析】句意：原來是一個(gè)小型的家庭聚會(huì)，我們本沒有必要穿得那么正式。Need的否定形式為needn’t，所以首先排除選項(xiàng)B和C。needn’thavedone表示不需要做某事卻做了。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

20.單選題

Withaninitialinvestmentofonlytenthousanddollars,bothpartnershaveincreasedtheirmoney（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bytwothousandmore

B.bytwothousand

C.fortwothousandmore

D.fortwothousand

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。increaseby為固定搭配,

意為増加了...。句意：由于初始投資資金只有一萬美元,

合作雙方將他們的投資金額増加了兩千美元。根據(jù)句意可知沒有比較的意思,

所以不用more。選項(xiàng)B正確。

21.單選題

By1776thefineartofpaintingasithaddevelopedinwesternEuropeuptothistimehadbeenintroducedintotheAmericancoloniesthroughbooksandprints,Europeanvisitorsandimmigrants,andtravelingcolonistswhobroughtbackcopies(andafeworiginal)ofoldmasterpaintingsandacquaintancewithEuropeanartinstitutions.

BytheoutbreakoftheRevolutionagainstBritishrulein1776,thestatusoftheartistshadalreadyundergonechange.Inthemid-eighteenthcentury,paintershadbeenwillingtoassumesuchartisan-relatedtasksasvarnishing,gildingteaching,keepingartistsweredescribedatthetimesuggeststheirstatus:"limner"wasusuallyappliedtotheanonymousportraitpainteruptothe1760's:"painter"characterizedanyonewhocouldpaintaflatsurface.Bythesecondhalfofthecentury,colonialartistswhoweretrainedinEnglandoreducatedintheclassicsrejectedthestatusoflaborerandthoughtofthemselvesasartists.Somecolonialurbanportraitists,suchasJohnSingletonCopley,BenjaminWest,andCharlesWilsonPeale,consortedwithaffluentpatrons.Althoughsubjecttofluctuationsintheireconomicstatus,allthreeenjoyedsufficientpatronagetoallowthemtomaintainanimageofthemselvesasprofessionalartists,animageindicatedbytheircustomofsigningtheirpaintings.AfewartcollectorsJamesBowdoinIIIofBoston,WilliamByrdofVirginian,andtheAliensandHamiltonsofPhiladelphiaintroducedEuropeanarttraditionstothosecolonistsprivilegedtovisittheirgalleries,especiallyaspiringartists,andestablishedintheirrespectivecommunitiestheideaofthevalueofartandtheneedforinstitutionsdevotedtoitsencouragement.

Althoughthecoloniststendedtofavorportraits,theyalsoacceptedlandscapes,historicalworks,andpoliticalengravingsasappropriateartisticsubjects.WiththecomingofindependencefromtheBritishCrown,asufficientnumberofartistsandtheirworkswereavailabletoservenationalisticpurposes.Theachievementsofthecolonialartists,particularlythoseofCopley,West,andPeale,lentcredencetotheboastthatthenewnationwascapableofencouraginggeniusandthatpoliticallibertywascongenialtothedevelopmentoftaste—anecessarystepbeforeartcouldassumeanimportantroleinthenewrepublic.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,beforetheAmericanRevolutionthemaintaskoflimnerswasto（）

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatartistswhoweretrainedinEngland（）

4.Accordingtothepassage,artistssuchasCopley,WestandPealesignedtheirpaintingsbecausethis（）

5.TheauthormentionsJamesBowdoinIIIandWilliamByrdinParagraph2asexamplesofwhichofthefollowing?

6.Withwhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.EuropeaninfluenceoncolonialAmericanpainting.

B.Theimportanceofpatronagetoartists.

C.ThechangingstatusofartistsintheAmericancoloniesintheeighteenthcentury.

D.SubjectspreferredbyartistsintheAmericancoloniesintheeighteenthcentury.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.paintwheelcarriages

B.paintportraits

C.varnishfurniture

D.paintflatsurfaces

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.consideredartiststobesuperiortopainters

B.barelypaintedportraitists

C.wereoftenverywealthy

D.imitatedEnglishpainters

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.increasedthemonetaryvalueofthepaintings

B.madeitmoredifficultforotherartiststocopythepaintings

C.supportedtheartists'imageofprofessionalism

D.distinguishedcolonialAmericanartistsfromEuropeanartists

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ArtgalleryownerswhodisplayedonlyEuropeanart.

B.ArtcollectorswhohadaprofoundinfluenceonAmericanattitudestowardart.

C.Artistswhogavefinancialsupporttootherartists.

D.Patronswhohelpedtoencourageartisanstobecomeartists.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Countriesthathavenothadapoliticalrevolutionareunlikelytodevelopgreatart.

B.Themostsuccessfulartcollectorsareusuallyartiststhemselves.

C.ThevalueofcolonialAmericanpaintingsdecreasedaftertheRevolution.

D.Colonialartistsmadeanimportantcontributiontotheevolvingcultureofthenewnation.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨題。分析全文可知第二段首句為中心句?！癇ytheoutbreakoftheRevolutionagainstBritishrulein1776,thestatusoftheartistshadalreadyundergonechange.”選項(xiàng)C提到18世紀(jì)美國殖民地藝術(shù)家地位的變化，符合原文。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)imner”定位到第二段的第二句“l(fā)imnerwasusuallyappliedtotheanonymousportraitpainteruptothe1760's”。選項(xiàng)B正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“trainedinEngland”定位到第二段的第三句“colonialartistswhoweretrainedinEnglandoreducatedintheclassicsrejectedthestatusoflaborerandthoughtofthemselvesasartists.”在英國受訓(xùn)或接受古典文學(xué)教育的殖民地藝術(shù)家拒絕勞動(dòng)者的身份，認(rèn)為自己是藝術(shù)家。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Copley,WestandPeale”定位到第二段的四、五句“...allthreeenjoyedsufficientpatronagetoallowthemtomaintainanimageofthemselvesasprofessionalartists,...”它們都得到了足夠的資助，使它們保持了專業(yè)藝術(shù)家的形象。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“establishedintheirrespectivecommunitiestheideaofthevalueofartandtheneedforinstitutionsdevotedtoitsencouragement.”可以理解為一些對(duì)藝術(shù)發(fā)展起到了作用的收藏者。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第6題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的最后一句“anecessarystepbeforeartcouldassumeanimportantroleinthenewrepublic.”殖民時(shí)期的藝術(shù)家對(duì)這個(gè)新興國家不斷發(fā)展的文化做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

22.單選題

Thedisparitybetweeneducationalobjectivesthatstressindependenceandindividualityandthosethatemphasizeobediencetorulesandcooperationwithothersreflectsa（）thatarisesfromthevaluesonwhichtheseobjectivesarebased.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.predictability

B.redundancy

C.conflict

D.wisdom

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。predictability可預(yù)測(cè)性；redundancy冗余，裁員；conflict沖突；wisdom智慧。強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)立性和個(gè)性的教育目標(biāo)與強(qiáng)調(diào)服從規(guī)則并與他人合作的教育目標(biāo)，這兩者的不一致說明存在分歧，沖突。故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)立和個(gè)性的教育目標(biāo)與強(qiáng)調(diào)服從規(guī)則和與他人合作的教育目標(biāo)之間的差異反映了這些目標(biāo)所基于的價(jià)值觀之間的沖突。

23.單選題

26-30

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hewastheownerofagrocerystore.

B.Hewasaconvictlaboringatajunkyard.

C.Hestruggledunderthestrainofpoverty.

D.Helivedhappilywithhiswifeandthreekids.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Heisastockbroker.

B.Heisaninvestmentadvisor.

C.Heisthemanagerofamutualfund.

D.Heisateacheratlocalcommunitycollege.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Indecision.

B.Arrogance.

C.Ignorance.

D.Fear.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hebeganteachingoninvestmentatcollege.

B.Hebeganreadinginvestmentbooksandthenbeganpracticing.

C.Hebeganlearninghowtobecomeasuccessfulstockbroker.

D.Hebeganinvestingbigmoneyinamutualfundeachmonth.

問題5選項(xiàng)