考研考博-英語-廣西幼兒師范高等?？茖W(xué)校考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣西幼兒師范高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thehumangenesequencewillallowresearcherstomakerapidprogressinunderstandingtherelationshipbetweengenesandbehavior.Thefindingthatwehavefarfewergenesthanexpectedsuggeststhatenvironmentalinfluencesplayagreaterroleinourdevelopmentthanwaspreviouslythought.

Understandinghowarelativelysmallnumberofgenestranslateintotheincrediblecomplexityofahumanbeingwillbeoneofthechallengesofthefuture."Wenowhavethelistofpartsofthehumanbody,"saidMr.JohnSulston,whospearheadedUKeffortstocrackthehumancode."Nowwehavetofindoutwhatthepartsare,wehavetofindouthowallthepartsinteractandwehavetoprobablydosomeverysophisticatedthingstounderstandhowthecontrolofthoseinteractionsgoesforwardtoactuallybuildourbodies."

Researchersarepredictingthedatawillunlocksomeofthesecretsofhowgenesinfluencebehavior.Buttheywarnagainstheadline-makingclaimsthatgivengenescanbethecaseofcrime,homosexualityorevensportingbrilliance.DrCraigVenter,theleaderofprivateefforttodecodethehumangenome,saidgeneticdeterminism,theideathatapersoniscontrolledbyhisgeneswasafallacy."Therearetwofallaciestobeavoided,"DrVenter'steamwritesinthejournalScience."Determinism,theideathatallcharacteristicsofapersonare'hard-wired'bythegenome;andreductionism,thatnowthehumansequenceiscompletelyknown,itisjustamatteroftimebeforeourunderstandingofgenefunctionsandinteractionswillprovideacompletecausaldescriptionofhumanvariability.

Oneimplicationofthework,saidDrVenter,wastocalmfearsabouthumancloning.“Tryingtocloneapersontogainimmoralitywouldbepointlessventure”，hesaid.Dr,Ventersaid,"Thiswholedebateaboutthecloningismuchadoaboutnothingbecausewhileyoumaybeableto,aswithtwins,havesomeonewholookssimilartoyou,thechancesofthemhavingthesamepersonalityandthesameoutcomeinlifeisclosetozero.That'swhyyoucannothaveXeroxcopiesofpeople;youcannothaveclonesofpeoplethatwillbethesame."

Oneareawherethestudyofgenesisexpectedtohaveanimpactisinidentifyingmentaldisorderswithgeneticroots,perhapsreducingthestigmaofconditionssuchasdepressionorschizophrenia.Researchersarealsoclosinginonstretchesofgeneticcodethatmaymakeanindividualmorevulnerabletodevelopingdrugoralcoholaddiction.

1.Followingthefindingthatwehavefewergenes,furtherresearchmaybeconductedinto（）.

2.The"listofpartsofhumanbody"(inthesecondparagraph)actuallyrefersto（）.

3.Thebeliefofreductionismmightbethat（）.

4.Thereasonwhywedon'thavetoworryabouthumancloningisthat（）.

5.Asalikelyresultofgeneresearchdescribedinthepassage,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.howthehumangeneticsequencesinfluencetherelationshipbetweengenesandbehavior

B.whyenvironmentalinfluenceplaysagreaterroleinourgrowth

C.whyinheritanceplaysalesserroleinshapingourdestiny

D.howthegenesarecombinedtocreateincrediblecomplexityofhumanbeing

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thehumanlimbs

B.thehumanorgans

C.thehumanlimbsandorgans

D.thetotalnumberofgenes

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.humandiversitycanbeunderstoodbylookingatgenefunctionsandinteractions

B.ittakesalongtimeforustounderstandgenefunctionsandinteractions

C.itisfalsebeliefthatapersoniscontrolledcompletelybyhisgenes

D.byrearranginghumangeneticsequencenewbeingscanbecreatedatwill

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thetechniqueisdoomedfromtheverybeginning

B.nopersonwhowillliveforevercanbecreated

C.noindividualhumanexperiencecanbeduplicated

D.nopersonofidenticalappearancecanbecopied

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.drugprohibitionlawswillbeabolishedsomeday

B.thecaseofmentaldisorderwillbereduced

C.humanpersonalitycanbesimulatedoraltered

D.idealhumanbeingscanbecreatedbyrearrangingthegenes

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干問的是:在“我們有少量的基因”這一發(fā)現(xiàn)之后，進(jìn)一步的研究會進(jìn)入什么方面？第二段首句指出:Understandinghowarelativelysmallnumberofgenestranslatedintotheincrediblecomplexityofahumanbeingwillbeoneofthechallengesofthefuture(弄清楚如此少量的基因是如何轉(zhuǎn)變成人類的不可思議的復(fù)雜性，這個(gè)問題將成為將來的一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn))。因此選D項(xiàng)“基因是如何結(jié)合來創(chuàng)造人類不可思議的復(fù)雜性的”。

2.語義題。"listofpartsofhumanbody(身體的零件目錄)"后面句子對其做出了解釋:"Nowwehavetofindoutwhatthepartsare,wehavetofindouthowallthepartsinteractandwehavetoprobablydosomeverysophisticatedthingstounderstandhowthecontrolofthoseinteractionsgoesforwardtoactuallybuildourbodies."(現(xiàn)在我們必須找出這些部件是什么，是如何相互作用的，我們可能必須做一些非常復(fù)雜的事情來理解如何控制這些相互作用，從而真正地建立我們的身體)。由此推測,“零件目錄”指人類身體中的基因列表。故選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞reductionism定位至第二段:reductionism,that…，itisjustamatteroftimebeforeourunderstandingofgenefunctionsandinteractionswillprovideacompletecausaldescriptionofhumanvariability(簡化論是指:現(xiàn)在人類基因排序完全被了解。我們弄清楚基因的功能，以及基因的相互作用提供人類多變性的完整因果描述，這都只是時(shí)間問題),因此A項(xiàng)“通過觀察基因功能和基因的互相影響，可以理解人類的多樣性”符合原文所述。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞cloning定位至第四段:Thiswholedebateaboutthecloningismuchadoaboutnothingbecausewhileyoumaybeableto,…，thechancesofthemhavingthesamepersonalityandthesameoutcomeinlifeisclosetozero(關(guān)于克隆的整個(gè)爭論都是小題大做，因?yàn)殡m然你可能如同雙胞胎一樣，會有一個(gè)看起來很像的人，但是，在生活中，擁有相同的性格和相同的結(jié)果的幾率幾乎是零),故選C“個(gè)體的實(shí)際經(jīng)歷是不能復(fù)制的”。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干問的是:文章所描述的基因研究的一個(gè)可能性結(jié)果是什么？第五段指出:Oneareawherethestudyofgenesisexpectedtohaveanimpactisinidentifyingmentaldisorderswithgeneticroots,perhapsreducingthestigmaofconditionssuchasdepressionorschizophrenia(人們希望基因研究領(lǐng)域能對確認(rèn)精祌疾病的遺傳根源有所影響，以此來減少抑郁和精祌分裂這些疾病的狀況),故選B“精祌疾病的案例會減少”。

2.單選題

Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.

Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectsthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.

Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”

Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilynumbers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”

AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”

NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs？

2.Dr.Yehuda’sresearchsuggeststhatwomen（）

3.AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe（）

4.Thesentence“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”(Line4,Para.5)showsthat（）

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.

B.Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.

C.Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.

D.Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.

B.needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress.

C.areexposedtomorestress.

D.aremorecapableofavoidingstress.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.domesticandtemporary.

B.durableandfrequent.

C.irregularandviolent.

D.trivialandrandom.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.

B.Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.

C.Alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.

D.Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.StrainofStress:NoWayOut?

B.ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference

C.StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay

D.GenderInequality:WomenUnderStress

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題目問的是：根據(jù)前兩段的內(nèi)容，下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？根據(jù)原文第一段的第二句Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen…（與男性相比，女性在面對壓力時(shí)特別容易患上抑郁癥和焦慮癥）以及第二段第一句Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.（對動物和人類的研究表明，性激素會以某種方式影響應(yīng)激反應(yīng)，使處于壓力下的女性比處于相同條件下的男性產(chǎn)生更多的觸發(fā)化學(xué)物質(zhì)。）由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“從生理上來看，女性更容易受到壓力的影響”表述正確。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

2.判斷推理題。題目問的是：Dr.Yehuda的研究表明女性……。根據(jù)原文第三段第一句Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.（女性壓力大的原因除了是因?yàn)榧に卦黾訉?dǎo)致壓力大外，還因?yàn)樵黾恿嗽斐蓧毫Φ摹皺C(jī)會”。）由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“會承受更多的壓力”正確。因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是：根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容，女性面臨的壓力往往是？根據(jù)第四段第二句…womenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.（女性所面臨的壓力更多是慢性或重復(fù)性的性質(zhì)。）由此可知，B選項(xiàng)的“持久的，頻繁的”符合原文表述。A選項(xiàng)“家庭內(nèi)部的，暫時(shí)性的”；C選項(xiàng)“不規(guī)律的，暴力的”；D選項(xiàng)“瑣碎的，偶然的”均不正確。

4.語義推斷題。題目問的是：“我生活在不停的支票支付中”是什么意思？根據(jù)原文第五段的內(nèi)容可知，Alvarez作為單身母親，有很大的生活壓力，她要照顧十幾歲的孩子，還要工作，付房租，付汽車費(fèi)用，還要還債務(wù)。由此可見，她的工資早已捉襟見肘，難以支撐家庭開支。選項(xiàng)C與原文表述一致，所以正確。

5.主旨大意題。題目問的是：這篇文章最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題是？本文通過講述兩性在生理以及實(shí)際生活中的差異，描述了女性在壓力面前的表現(xiàn)，側(cè)重分析了女性壓力大的主要原因。A選項(xiàng)沒有集中于體現(xiàn)男女之間的差異，因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)只是表明男女之間在壓力方面存在差異，并未側(cè)重表現(xiàn)女性要面對更多壓力；C選項(xiàng)表示只是屬于造成壓力的其中一個(gè)因素，不能概括文章全部內(nèi)容。因此本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Atfirst,thecompanyrefusedtopurchasetheequipment,butthisdecisionwas______revised.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subsequently

B.successively

C.predominantly

D.preliminarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)subsequently“隨后”；B選項(xiàng)successively“接連的”；C選項(xiàng)predominantly“顯著地”；D選項(xiàng)preliminarily“初步地”。句意：起初，公司拒絕購買設(shè)備，但這一決定______被修改了。根據(jù)語境，這里指決定在后來被修改，所以subsequently“隨后”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Hardly（）openedtheletter（）rushedoutofthehouse,wildwithjoy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didhe,whenhe

B.hadhe,whenhe

C.hadhe,didhe

D.didhe,hewhen

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒裝。當(dāng)Hardly在句首時(shí)，為固定的倒裝，且和when搭配，為Hardly…when…，可排除C選項(xiàng)?？崭窈髈pen是實(shí)義動詞且已經(jīng)是ed形式，證明之前不能使用did（使用did，open要相對應(yīng)的使用原型），排除A,D選項(xiàng)，句意：他一打開信，就欣喜若狂地沖出了房子。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Earthquakesrank______forestfires,floodandtornadoes______majorcalamities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.with,as

B.like,in

C.in,as

D.for,in

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)rankwith“與……并列”，rankas“列為；看作”；B選項(xiàng)ranklike非詞組，rankin非詞組；C選項(xiàng)rankin非詞組，rankas“列為；看作”；D選項(xiàng)rankfor非詞組，rankin非詞組。句意：地震和森林火災(zāi)排名______，洪水和龍卷風(fēng)______重大災(zāi)害。綜合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有A選項(xiàng)都可組成有意義的詞組，并且符合地震和森林火災(zāi)等級相同，洪水和龍卷風(fēng)為重大災(zāi)害的生活場景。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Wearesurprisedtofindthathehasa(n)（）streak,withthetendencyofrememberingthewrongsdonetohim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vengeful

B.invincible

C.vulnerable

D.violent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。vengeful“復(fù)仇的，報(bào)復(fù)的”；invincible“無敵的，不能征服的”；vulnerable“易受攻擊的”；violent“暴力的，猛烈的”。句意：我們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)他有報(bào)復(fù)心理，他記著那些做了對不起他的事的人。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Operationswhichleftpatients（

）andinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhausted

B.abandoned

C.injured

D.deserted

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。exhausted精疲力盡的；abandoned被拋棄的；injured受傷的；deserted荒蕪的，被遺棄的。

句意：過去手術(shù)使病人精疲力盡，需要很長時(shí)間來恢復(fù)，現(xiàn)在手術(shù)使他們感到放松和舒適。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

8.單選題

ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased（

）awiderangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.manipulation

B.reproduction

C.circulation

D.penetration

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。manipulation“操縱，操作”；reproduction“繁殖，復(fù)制”；circulation“流通，發(fā)行量”；penetration“滲透”。句意：新的科技革命給美國報(bào)紙業(yè)帶來了發(fā)行量的增長、出版物的擴(kuò)大以及報(bào)紙就業(yè)機(jī)會的增加。C項(xiàng)符合句意，答案C

9.單選題

Despitemediareportsthattheplanewashijacked,expertswerestillinvestigatingallpossibilitiesastowhathadcausedMH370to（）fromitsoriginalflightpath.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.detach

B.deviate

C.differ

D.discharge

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)detach表示“使分離，派遣”；B選項(xiàng)deviate表示“使偏離，越軌”；C選項(xiàng)differ表示“使不同，意見分歧”；D選項(xiàng)discharge表示“離開，放電，釋放，撤銷”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“fromitsoriginalflightpath”可知，原文講的是飛機(jī)偏離航線，因此deviate含義最符合原文句意，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

10.翻譯題

FiveNationalHealthService(NHS)trustshavesignedpartnershipswithGoogletoprocesssensitivepatientrecords,inwhatarebelievedtobethefirstdealsoftheirkind.ThecollaborationscameafterDeepMind,theLondon-basedartificialintelligencecompanyownedbyAlphabet,transferredcontrolofitshealthdivisiontoitsCalifornianparent.DeepMindhadcontractstoprocessmedicaldatafromsixNHStruststodevelopitsapp,whichalertsdoctorsandnurseswhenpatientsareatriskofacutekidneyinjury,aswellastoconductAIresearch.FiveofthetrustschosetosigncontractswithGoogle.AccordingtopapersfromtheRoyalFree,thedatathatwillbesharedwithGooglewillincludedetailssuchasmedicalhistory,diagnoses,treatmentdatesandethnicorigin.

【答案】【參考譯文】英國國家醫(yī)療服務(wù)體系的五家信托公司與谷歌簽署了合作伙伴關(guān)系，以處理敏感的患者記錄，這被認(rèn)為是此類交易的首次。此前，總部位于倫敦的Alphabet旗下人工智能公司DeepMind將其醫(yī)療部門的控制權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓給了位于加州的母公司。DeepMind與NHS簽訂了合同，處理來自6個(gè)信托機(jī)構(gòu)的醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)，以開發(fā)自己的應(yīng)用，以及進(jìn)行人工智能研究。當(dāng)患者面臨急性腎損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)，該應(yīng)用會向醫(yī)生和護(hù)士發(fā)出警報(bào)。其中5家信托公司選擇與谷歌簽訂合同。根據(jù)皇家自由報(bào)的文件，谷歌將共享的數(shù)據(jù)包括病史、診斷、治療日期和種族等細(xì)節(jié)。

11.翻譯題

通過向湖泊、河流，溪流及其他積水地投放石灰可以緩解酸雨所帶來的損失。石灰可以緩解酸化的一些征兆，但并非真正的解決方法，對于許多湖泊和流動水體都不太現(xiàn)實(shí)，而且也不能解決問題的病根。在污染源降低到一個(gè)令人滿意的水平之前，我們應(yīng)該把它看作是一種臨時(shí)性應(yīng)付措施。永久性的解決辦法就是首先要減少污染源。在保護(hù)水和森林方面的嚴(yán)格的控制所起到的作用以外，他們還將在防止腐蝕方面挽救數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的美元的損失。

Theurbanenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreat,ifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreet-doorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.

【答案】Acidraincanbemitigatedbypouringlimeintolakes,riversandstreamsandothercatchments.Limemayalleviatesomeofthesymptomsofacidification,butit’snotarealsolution,foritisunpracticalformanylakesandrunningwater.Furthermore,itcannotsolvetherootcauseoftheproblems.Beforereducingthesourcesofpollutiontoasatisfiedlevel,weshouldregardlimeasatemporarymeasure.Thepermanentsolutionisfirsttodecreasethesourceofpollution.Besidestheeffectsproducedbythestrictcontrolsintermsofprotectingwatersourcesandforests,theywillsavemillionsofdollarsinaspectsofcorrosionprevention.

城市環(huán)境應(yīng)該盡可能多地提供一些休閑活動，并且這些活動的設(shè)計(jì)要能夠讓更多的義務(wù)活動也有休閑的一面。如果不能在社區(qū)里面愉悅地散步，如果孩子們不允許在街道上玩耍，因?yàn)榻稚辖煌L(fēng)險(xiǎn)太大，如果在購物期間不能找到一個(gè)場所享受片刻的好天氣，總而言之，如果你只有在自己房子的臨街大門被關(guān)在身后時(shí)才感覺在家里的話，那最好的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)其實(shí)都無關(guān)緊要了。

12.單選題

Povertyisnot（）inmostcitiesalthough,perhapsbecauseofthecrowdedconditionsincertainareas,itismorevisiblethere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rare

B.temporary

C.prevalent

D.segmental

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。prevalent普遍的，流行的；segmental部分的，分段的。句意：盡管貧困在大多數(shù)城市并不普遍，或許是由于某些地區(qū)很擁擠，貧困才更為明顯。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

13.單選題

Thesuccessfulcooperationbetweenthetwocountriesshouldbebasedon（

）respectandhelp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.respective

B.mutual

C.simultaneous

D.separate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。respective意為“各自的，分別的”；mutual意為“相互的，彼此的，共有的”；simultaneous意為“同時(shí)發(fā)生（或進(jìn)行）的，同步的”；separate意為“獨(dú)立的，分開的”。

句意：兩個(gè)國家之間的成功合作應(yīng)建立在相互尊重和幫助的基礎(chǔ)上。

14.單選題

Emailisaconvenient,highlydemocraticinformalmediumforconveyingmessages

that（）welltohumanneeds.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adheres

B.conforms

C.satisfies

D.reflects

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。adheres堅(jiān)持，黏附；conforms符合；satisfies滿足，使?jié)M意；reflects反射，考慮。句意：電子郵件是方便的、高度大眾化的用于傳遞信息的非正式媒介，它（）人們的需求。從語義上來說，B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)都可以,但是satisfy是及物動詞，排除。conformto意為“符合，遵照，順應(yīng)”，因此正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Thegreatestdevastationofoldageisthelossofmentalfaculties,andwiththeneardoublingoflifeexpectancyinthepastcenturyhascomethemixedblessingoflivinglongerandlosingmore.Afewgreatthinkersandartistsremainedproductiveintheirlateryears—Galileo,Monet,Shaw,Stravinsky,Tolstoy—buteventheywerenotwhattheyhadbeenintheirprimes.Inscience,theboomfallssoonerstill:“personwhohasnotmadehisgreatcontributiontosciencebeforetheageof30willneverdoso,”saidEinstein.

Imagineifwecouldtransplantoldbrainsintoyoungerbodies:wouldourmindsstayyoung,orwouldwebesenileteenagers,scalingmountainsandskateboardingat120,butforgettingwhereweputthecarkeys?Isthebrainuniquelyvulnerabletotheravagesoftime?Cananythingbedone?

Incontrovertibleevidencefrommanystudiesshowsthatahigherlevelofeducationandgreatermentalactivitythroughoutlifecorrelatewithlowercognitivelossesinoldage.Thesebenefitsapplytoallsortsofcognitivelosses,includingthoseassociatedwithAlzheimer’s.Someresearchersbelievethatmentalapplicationinearlylifeproducescomplexneuralconnectionsthatprovideareservelateron

othersarguethateducationmerelygivespeoplethemeanstocopewithandcompensatefortheirlosses.

K.WarnerSchaie,aprofessorofhumandevelopmentandpsychologyatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,hasstudiedage-relatedchangeinmorethan5,000people,someformorethan40years.Comparingearlierwithlaterrecruits,Mr.Schaieconcludesthattherateofmentaldeclineisslowing，achangeheattributestobettereducation,healthierdiet,lessenedexposuretoseriousdisease,andmorementalactivity.“You’vegottopractice,”Mr.Schaiesays,“Ifyoudon’tsolveproblems,younolongercansolveproblems.”Retirementcanbeparticularlyhard,headds,becauseformanypeople,workistheirmostchallengingactivity.“Retirementisgoodforpeoplewho,vehadroutinejobs—theymayfindsomethingmorestimulating.Butit’sdisadvantageousforpeopleinhigh-leveljobs,whoarelesslikelytofindsomethingasstimulatingasthejobtheyhad.”

K.AndersEricsson,apsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,confirmsMr.Schaie’semphasisonthevirtueofpractice.Initiallyinterestedinexpertperformerslikemusicians,hefoundthatmanyostensiblegeniusesaren’treallysodifferentfromeveryoneelse—theyjustpracticeharderandlonger,benefitingfromsheerlabor,ratherthanfromsomespecialgift.Professionalmusicianswhocontinuetopracticeassiduouslyastheyagecontinuetoplaywell,whileamateurswhojustplayforpleasureshowage-relateddeclines.

Mr.Ericsson’sstudiesfailedtoshowsignificantgeneralizedbenefitsfrommentalexercise.“Ifyouplaytennis,youimproveyourgeneralfitness,butthegreatestimprovementisspecifictotennis,nottoothersports.It’sthesamewithcognitiveexercise.Youhavetolookatyourlifeandpickwhatyouwanttoimprove.”

1.Accordingtothetext,mostgreatthinkersandartists（

）

2.Thethirdpassagetellsusthathigherlevelsofeducation（

）.

3.Inthistexttheauthor’smainintentisto（

）.

4.Retirementcanbegoodforpeoplewho（

）.

5.Thelastparagraphtellsusthatmentalexercise（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wereproductiveevenintheirlateryears

B.weremostsuccessfulbeforetheageof30

C.madecontributionsregardlessofage

D.contributedthemostbeforeoldage

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.canhelppreventAlzheimer’s

B.arerelatedtogreatermentalawarenessinyouth

C.arerelatedtolowerlevelsofmentaldeclineinoldage

D.areonlyofmanyfactorsthatcanslowtherateofmentaldecline

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.underscorethedifficultiesrelatedtoaging

B.critiquedifferenttheoriesofmentaldeclineinoldage

C.arguethatoldageneednotbeabarriertogreataccomplishments

D.understandhowpeoplecancountertheimpactsofagingonmentalfaculties

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.havealwayshadverybusyworklives

B.canfindmorestimulatingactivitiesthantheyhadthroughwork

C.havehadhigh-leveljobsorverystimulatingworkexperiences

D.havepreviouslyhadunsatisfyingworkexperiences

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.offersbenefitsspecifictothatkindofexercise

B.shouldbepairedwithphysicalexerciseformaximumbenefit

C.iscomparabletophysicalactivitiesintermsofitsimportancetooverallhealth

D.cancounterage-relatedmentaldecline

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段第二句提到很少的思想家和藝術(shù)家在他們晚年依然保持創(chuàng)造力，比如伽利略，莫內(nèi)，肖恩等，但是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不及他們的壯年時(shí)期。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.文章第三段第一句話Incontrovertibleevidencefrommanystudiesshowsthatahigherlevelofeducationandgreatermentalactivitythroughoutlifecorrelatewithlowercognitivelossesinoldage。選項(xiàng)C的表述與之相近，所以符合題意。

3.文章在第一段提出年老會使人智力下降，接著列舉了幾位研究人員關(guān)于這個(gè)問題的研究，主要關(guān)于老年腦力和認(rèn)知能力衰退的情況，還有受教育程度和工作種類對智力衰退的影響。A、C兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)很容易排除；文章并沒有將重點(diǎn)放在如何解決年老帶來的問題，所以D選項(xiàng)也排除。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.文章第四段Retirementisgoodforpeoplewho’vehadroutinejobs—theymayfindsomethingmorestimulating.選項(xiàng)B的描述與之相近，所以符合題意。

5.文章最后一段第一句話提到研究并不能表明腦力鍛煉能夠產(chǎn)生全面的好處。之后舉打網(wǎng)球的例子進(jìn)一步說明腦力鍛煉只能獲得與此鍛煉相關(guān)聯(lián)的好處，選項(xiàng)A與此信息一致。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

16.單選題

Thetownisfamousforitsmagnificenttowerbythesideoftheriver.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ancient

B.splendid

C.contemporary

D.delicate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ancient“古代的，古老的”；B選項(xiàng)splendid“輝煌的，極好的”；C選項(xiàng)contemporary“當(dāng)代的，同齡的”；D選項(xiàng)delicate“精美的，雅致的”。句意：這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)以河邊的宏偉塔而聞名。根據(jù)句意，可以看出與“宏偉的”最接近應(yīng)該是B選項(xiàng)，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Painting,theexecutionofformsandshapesonasurfacebymeansofpigment,hasbeencontinuouslypracticedbyhumansforsome20,000years.Togetherwithotheractivities（1）ritualisticinoriginbuthavecometobedesignatedasartistic(suchasmusicordance),paintingwasoneoftheearliestwaysinwhichman（2）toexpresshisownpersonalityandhis（3）understandingofanexistencebeyondthematerialworld.（4）musicanddance,however,examplesofearlyformsofpaintinghavesurvivedtothepresentday.Themoderneyecanderiveaestheticaswellasantiquariansatisfaction（5）the15,000-year-oldcavemuralsofLascaux--someexamples（6）totheconsiderablepowersofdraftsmanshipoftheseearlyartists.Andpainting,likeotherarts,exhibitsuniversalqualitiesthat（7）forviewersofallnationsandcivilizationstounderstandandappreciate.

Themajor（8）examplesofearlypaintinganywhereintheworldarefoundinWesternEuropeandtheSovietUnion.Butsome5,000yearsago,theareasinwhichimportantpaintingswereexecuted（9）totheeasternMediterraneanSeaandneighboringregions.（10）,WesternsharedaEuropeanculturaltradition--theMiddleEastandMediterraneanBasinand,later,thecountriesoftheNewWorld.

Westernpaintingisingeneraldistinguishedbyitsconcentration（11）therepresentationofthehuman（12）,whetherintheheroiccontextofantiquityorthereligiouscontextoftheearlyChristianandmedievalworld.TheRenaissance（13）thistraditionthrougha（14）examinationofthenaturalworldandaninvestigationofbalance,harmony,andperspectiveinthevisibleworld,linkingpainting（15）thedevelopingsciencesofanatomyandoptics.Thefirstreal（16）fromfigurativepaintingcamewiththegrowthoflandscapepaintinginthe17thand18thcenturies.Thelandscapeandfigurativetraditionsdevelopedtogetherinthe19thcenturyinanatmospherethatwasincreasingly（17）“painterly”qualitiesofthe（18）oflightandcolorandtheexpressivequalitiesofpainthandling.Inthe20thcenturytheseinterests（19）tothedevelopmentofathirdmajortraditioninWesternpainting,abstractpainting,whichsoughtto（20）andexpressthetruenatureofpaintandpaintingthroughactionandform.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mayhavebeen

B.thatmayhave

C.mayhave

D.thatmayhavebeen

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.seek

B.soughtfor

C.seekfor

D.sought

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.emergency

B.emerging

C.merging

D.merger

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.As

B.Like

C.Unlike

D.Since

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.to

C.into

D.from

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.ratify

B.certify

C.testify

D.gratify

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.makeiteasy

B.makeeasy

C.makehard

D.makeithard

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.extinct

B.extant

C.extent

D.exterior

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.hadshifted

B.shifted

C.shifting

D.haveshifted

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.Nevertheless

B.Moreover

C.Therefore

D.However

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.on

C.in

D.for

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.shadow

B.shape

C.figure

D.form

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.extracted

B.extruded

C.extorted

D.extended

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.close

B.closing

C.closed

D.closure

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.to

C.in

D.for

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.breakdown

B.breakage

C.break

D.breaking

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.concerning

B.concernedwith

C.concerningwith

D.concernedfor

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.reaction

B.action

C.relation

D.interaction

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.distributed

B.contributed

C.attributed

D.construed

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.uncover

B.discover

C.recover

D.cover

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:B

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:D

第14題:A

第15題:B

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:A

【解析】第1題:考查從句。本句主句paintingwasoneoftheearliestways...（繪畫是最早的方式之一），togetherwith副詞短語，不是從句的引導(dǎo)詞或者是連詞，因此這里不能引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語從句，排除A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)；空格后ritualistic（儀式的；固守儀式的；慣例的）是形容詞，要和be動詞搭配；句意：和其他起源可能是儀式的活動，但后來被指定為藝術(shù)活動(如音樂或舞蹈)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:考查動詞辨析。seek（尋求；尋找；探索；搜索）做及物動詞時(shí)，接名詞、代詞或動詞不定式作賓語，用作不及物動詞時(shí)，其主動形式含有被動意義，但是本句話表示主動尋求，排除B、C選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)主干部分時(shí)態(tài)was可排除A選項(xiàng)。句意：繪畫是人們尋求表現(xiàn)自己個(gè)性的最早的方式之一……；因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)emergency“緊急的；備用的”；B選項(xiàng)emerging“走向成熟的；新興的”；C選項(xiàng)merging“合并；融入，融合（merge的現(xiàn)在分詞）”；D選項(xiàng)merger“合并；并購；吸收”；句意：他對物質(zhì)世界之外存在的領(lǐng)悟。根據(jù)空格前his（他的）和空格后understanding（諒解，理解；理解力；協(xié)議）可以判斷出空格處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)形容詞，排除C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)。本句表示“對物質(zhì)世界的領(lǐng)悟，即對物質(zhì)世界的新興的理解”；因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)As“作為；以……身份；當(dāng)作；像，如同；當(dāng)……時(shí)”；B選項(xiàng)Like“像，如同；符合……的方式；有……的特點(diǎn)；（用于詢問）……怎么樣；例如，好比”；C選項(xiàng)Unlike“不像，和……不同；與……不同，與……相反；非……的特征”；D選項(xiàng)Since“自……以后；（表示氣憤）何曾”；句意：然而，與音樂和舞蹈不同的是，早期的繪畫形式一直延續(xù)到今天。根據(jù)however可以得知此處表示“和……不同”；因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)for“（表示對象、用途等）給，對；為了；關(guān)于；代表”；B選項(xiàng)to“朝；位于……；到某處；到某狀態(tài)；差；給；對于；比”；C選項(xiàng)into“到……里面”；D選項(xiàng)from“從……起；從……開始”；句意：從15000年歷史的拉斯科洞穴壁畫中，現(xiàn)代人既能獲得審美上的滿足，也能獲得古董收藏家的滿足。本句表示“從15000年歷史的拉斯科洞