考研考博-英語-廣東技術(shù)師范大學(xué)天河學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東技術(shù)師范大學(xué)天河學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthe

wayof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.persuasion

B.remedy

C.encouragement

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。persuasion“說服”；remedy“補(bǔ)救”；encouragement“鼓勵(lì)”；compromise“妥協(xié)”。句意：當(dāng)有人談到自己的弱點(diǎn)時(shí)，聽者應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)他進(jìn)行鼓勵(lì)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

Canwereacha（

）onthisissue?Let’stakeavote.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conscience

B.consciousness

C.consequence

D.consensus

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。Reachaconsensus“達(dá)成共識(shí)”。句意：我們能在這個(gè)問題上達(dá)成共識(shí)嗎？我們來投票吧。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.填空題

Directions:Belowisapassageaboutclimatechange.ReadthepassagethenfillineachgapwithONEwordfromtheboxbelowthepassage.WriteyouranswersinthespacesontheANSWERSHEET.Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample.

VolcanoesMayBeSlowingDownClimateChangeTheplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredictedanditcouldbethatsulfuremissionsfromvolcanoesareblockingsunlight,coolingtheEarth.Smallvolcaniceruptionsmightbepartofthereasonwhythepaceofglobalwarminghasn’tkeptupwithprevious66anewstudypublishedinNature.Eruptionsofatleast17volcanoessince2000,includingKasatochiinAlaskaandMerapiinIndonesia,seemtohavehadacoolinginfluenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceand_67atmosphere.Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown68littlewarming.Thisso-called‘hiatus’puzzledresearchersaroundtheglobehavebeenworkingtounderstandthisphenomenon.“Thehiatusisafascinatingdetectivestory,’’saystheleadauthorofthestudy.“Whatweshowisthatevenwithoutanycomputermodelcalculationsthereisaclear69oftheseearlyvolcanicactivityhavingeffectsontemperaturesandonthereflectedsunlightoftheatmosphere,”saystheleadofthestudy.Researchshowsthatlargevolcaniceruptionsinjectsulfurdioxidegasintothestratosphere.Thegasformstinydropletsofsulfuricacid,alsoknownas“volcanicaerosols,”thatcanblocksunlight.Thatcoolingeffecthasbeenlargely70byclimatescientistsuntilnow,butitseemstopartlyoffsetthewarningfromhuman-causedchangesingreenhousegases.

【答案】66.predictions

67.lower

68.relatively

69.signal

70.ignored

【解析】66.考查上下文語境。根據(jù)Theplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredicted（地球并沒有像氣候模型預(yù)測(cè)的那樣變暖）中的predicted可知此處應(yīng)該是predictions.句意：《自然》雜志上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)新研究表明，小型火山爆發(fā)可能是全球變暖速度沒有跟上之前預(yù)測(cè)的一致的部分原因。

67.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語法?？崭裉帒?yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞。選項(xiàng)中能與atmosphere搭配的形容詞是lower，influenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceandloweratmosphere（對(duì)地球表面和低層大氣的溫度的影響）符合句意。

68.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語法?？崭裉帒?yīng)該填入一個(gè)程度副詞修飾little表示“相當(dāng)小”。根據(jù)句子Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown…littlewarming.（在過去，研究人員觀察到溫室氣體水平的增加和全球變暖，但在過去的15年里，地球表面的溫度幾乎沒有顯示出相當(dāng)小的變暖跡象），可知應(yīng)該填入relatively程度副詞。

69.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語法。前面有不定冠詞a和形容詞clear,此處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞，選項(xiàng)里面只有signal符合。句意：我們所展示的是，即使沒有任何計(jì)算機(jī)模型計(jì)算，也有明確的信號(hào)表明，這些早期的火山活動(dòng)對(duì)溫度和大氣反射的陽光產(chǎn)生了影響。

70.

考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)hasbeenlargely…by判斷，這里是一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)，需要填動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，選項(xiàng)里面只有ignored是過去分詞。句意：到目前為止，這種降溫效應(yīng)在很大程度上一直被氣候科學(xué)家所忽視。

4.單選題

Onecanunderstandothersmuchbetterbynotingtheimmediateandfleetingreactionsoftheireyesand（）toexpressedthoughts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dilemmas

B.countenances

C.concessions

D.junctions

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。dilemmas困境；countenances面容；concessions讓步；junctions連接點(diǎn)。句意：一個(gè)人可以通過注意他人的眼睛和面部即時(shí)的或短暫的反應(yīng)來更好地理解別人。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.單選題

Therateatwhichsoilcanabsorbwater（

）withcontinuouswetting,sothelongera（

）lasts,orthegreatertherateofprecipitation,thehigherthepercentageofwaterthatwillflowacrossthegroundasrunoffandenterstreamchannels.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rises...deluge

B.diminishes...drought

C.increases...shower

D.decreases...rainstorm

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析和名詞詞義辨析。rise“提升，增加”；deluge“洪水，暴雨”；diminish“使減少，使變小”；drought“干旱，缺乏”；increase“增加，增長”；shower“淋浴，陣雨”；decrease“減少，減小”；rainstorm“暴風(fēng)雨，大暴雨”。句意：土壤吸收水分的速度隨著濕度加大而降低，所以暴雨持續(xù)時(shí)間較長，降水率越大，地面徑流和匯入河流的水就越多。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

His_____ingamblinghaseventuallybroughtabouthisruin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indulgence

B.habit

C.action

D.engagement

【答案】A

【解析】indulgence嗜好，放縱，沉溺；habit習(xí)慣，嗜好；action行動(dòng)，活動(dòng)；engagement婚約，諾言。句意：沉溺于賭博最終導(dǎo)致了他的毀滅。indulgenceinsth.指放縱,任性（的習(xí)慣），選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

7.單選題

Hypertensionplacesstressonanumberoforgans(calledtargetorgans),includingthekidney,eyes,andheart,causingthemto（）overtime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deteriorate

B.distress

C.underscore

D.dilute

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。deteriorate惡化，變壞；distress悲痛，苦惱，不幸；underscore強(qiáng)調(diào)，底線；dilute稀釋，沖淡。句意：高血壓使許多器官受到壓力，包括腎臟、眼睛和心臟，久而久之會(huì)使它們感到痛苦。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

8.單選題

Ifyouworkunderacarwhenrepairingit,youoftengetvery（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.waxy

B.sticky

C.slippery

D.greasy

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)waxy“蠟制的，似蠟的，質(zhì)地光滑的”；B選項(xiàng)sticky“粘性的”；C選項(xiàng)slippery“滑的，狡猾的，棘手的”；D選項(xiàng)greasy“多油的，油污的，油膩的”。由“Ifyouworkunderacarwhenrepairingit，youoftengetvery___（如果你在車底下修理汽車，你通常會(huì)____）”可知D選項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：如果你在車底下修理汽車，你通常會(huì)弄得滿身油污。

9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.

Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety’sunderstanding—theknowledge,hopesandfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.

Educationinanysocietyismirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethestrengths,theweakness,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.

“Allmenarecreatedequal.”We’vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry’sfounderstodenoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren—therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprogram,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.

1.Whatisthepurposeforauthortocitetheexampleofstageinparagraph2?

2.Whydoespublicpaymuchattentiontoexceptionaleducation?

3.WhichoneofthefollowingactionshasNOTbeentakentofacilitateexceptionaleducation?

4.Theword“substantially”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowthoseexceptionalchildrenaremoreeasilyinfluencedthannormalchildren.

B.Toindicatethoseexceptionalchildrenhavegreatpotentials.

C.Toidentifyallmenareborntobeequal.

D.Toillustratetheimportanceofenvironmentsuchasfamilyandsociety.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Exceptionaleducationisapartofcompulsoryeducation.

B.Thebeliefthatexceptionalchildrenshoulddeveloptheirpotentialsaswell.

C.Exceptionaleducationhasbeenunderestimatedforalongtime.

D.Exceptionaleducationisareflectionofsociety.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Courtshaveconfirmedtherightforexceptionalchildrentoreceiveeducation.

B.Governmentshavemadepoliciestoprotectexceptionaleducation.

C.Schoolsareforcedbycourtstotakeactionstooffereducationforexceptionalchildren.

D.Schoolshaveappropriatedprogramsandinstructiontosatisfytheneedofexceptionalchildren.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.stunningly

B.generally

C.adequately

D.fundamentally

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildren.

B.Thespecialtyofexceptionalchildren.

C.Theintroductionofeducationprograms.

D.Theresponsibilitiesofgovernmentforthoseexceptionalchildren.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。通過列舉了舞臺(tái)的例子，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)了配角和劇中布景的重要性，結(jié)合下文Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment（特殊兒童所生活的家庭和社會(huì)往往是他們成長和發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵）可知，對(duì)特殊兒童而言，家庭和社會(huì)環(huán)境也是很重要的，因此D選項(xiàng)“說明環(huán)境的重要性，如家庭和社會(huì)”正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。由第三段第三句Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities（在過去的30年中，公共教育對(duì)特殊兒童的極大興趣表明了我們社會(huì)中的一種強(qiáng)烈想法，那就是所有的公民，無論其情況有多特殊，都應(yīng)享有充分發(fā)展其能力的機(jī)會(huì)）可推斷出B選項(xiàng)“特殊兒童也應(yīng)該開發(fā)他們的潛能的信念”符合題意。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。需注意題干中的NOT，因此要找出文中沒有提及的措施。由第四段第五句Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation（最近的法院判決確認(rèn)了所有兒童，無論殘疾與否，都有接受適當(dāng)教育的權(quán)利，并命令公立學(xué)校采取必要措施提供這種教育）可排除A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)；由本文最后一句Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprogram,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms（作為回應(yīng)，學(xué)校正在調(diào)整課程，使教學(xué)能夠適應(yīng)特殊兒童，那些不能從常規(guī)課程中真正獲益的兒童的需要）可排除D選項(xiàng)，因此B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

第4題:語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)上下文可知，學(xué)校正在調(diào)整課程，以適應(yīng)特殊兒童的需要，因此可以推斷出，常規(guī)課程是不足以應(yīng)對(duì)特殊兒童的，substantially應(yīng)為“足夠的”，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。解題關(guān)鍵句通常在第一段或最后一段，由第一段第二句Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences（為了讓這些孩子充分發(fā)展他們成年后的潛能，他們的教育必須適應(yīng)這些差異）可知A選項(xiàng)“使教育適應(yīng)殘疾兒童的必要性”為正確答案。

10.單選題

Hewill（）resigninviewofthecompletefailureoftheresearchproject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.doubtfully

B.adequately

C.presumably

D.reasonably

【答案】C

【解析】句意:鑒于此次調(diào)研項(xiàng)目的完全失敗，他很有可能會(huì)辭職。

考查副詞辨析。doubtfully懷疑地，含糊地；adequately足夠地，適當(dāng)?shù)?presumably據(jù)推測(cè)，可能；reasonably明辨道理地，合理地，有理性地。根據(jù)此句“鑒于此次調(diào)研項(xiàng)目的完全失敗”推測(cè)C項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

Sheisavery（

）student.She’salwaystalkingabouttravelingtoouterspace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imaginary

B.imaginative

C.imaginable

D.imagining

【答案】B

【解析】考查形似形容詞詞義辨析。imaginary“虛構(gòu)的，假想的”；imaginative“富于想象的，有創(chuàng)造力的”；imaginable“可能的，可想象的”；imagining是image的動(dòng)名詞形式。句意：她是一個(gè)富有想象力的學(xué)生。她總是談?wù)撽P(guān)于在外太空漫游的事。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Birdsthatareliterallyhalf-asleep—withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleep—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake,accordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks.

Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainsleepinawiderangeofbirds.Thebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrainwaves.Theeye

Controlledbythesleepinghemispherekeepsshut,whilethewakefulhemisphere’seyestaysopenandalert.Birdsalsocansleepwithbothhemispheresrestingatonce.

Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerable,end-of-the-rowsleepers.Sureenough,theendbirdstendedtowatchcarefullyonthesideawayfromtheircompanions.Ducksintheinnerspotsshowednopreferenceforgazedirection.

Also,birdsdozingattheendofthelineresortedtosingle-hemispheresleep,ratherthantotalrelaxation,moreoftenthaninnerducksdid.Rotating16birdsthroughthepositionsinafourduckrow,theresearchersfoundouterbirdshalf-asleepduringsome32percentofdozingtimeversusabout12percentforbirdsininternalspots.

“Webelievethisisthefirstevidenceforananimalbehaviorallycontrollingsleepandwakefulnesssimultaneouslyindifferentregionsofthebrain,”theresearcherssay.

Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalong-standingsuppositionthatsingle-hemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies.Thepreferenceforopeninganeyeonthelookoutsidecouldbewidespread,hepredicts.He’sseenitinapairofbirdsdozingside-by-sideinthezooandinasinglepetbirdsleepingbyamirror.Themirror-sideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen.

Usefulashalf-sleepingmightbe,it’sonlybeenfoundinbirdsandsuchwatermammalsas

Dolphins,whales,andseals.Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.

Studiesofbirdsmayofferuniqueinsightsintosleep.JeromeM.SiegeloftheUCLAsayshewondersifbirds’half-brainsleep“isjustthetipoftheiceberg”.Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.

1.Anewstudyonbirds’sleephasrevealedthat____________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,birdsoftenhalfsleepbecause____________.

3.Theexampleofabirdsleepinginfrontofamirrorindicatesthat____________.

4.Whilesleeping,somewatermammalstendtokeephalf-awakeinorderto____________.

5.By“justthetipoftheiceberg”(Line2,Para.8),Siegelsuggeststhat____________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.half-brainsleepisfoundinawidevarietyofbirds,

B.half-brainsleepischaracterizedbyslowbrainwaves

C.birdscancontroltheirhalf-brainsleepconsciously

D.birdsseldomsleepwiththewholeoftheirbrainatrest

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavetowatchoutforpossibleattacks

B.theirbrainhemispherestaketurnstorest

C.thetwohalvesoftheirbrainaredifferentlystructured

D.theyhavetoconstantlykeepaneyeontheircompanions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thephenomenonofbirdsdozinginpairsiswidespread

B.birdsprefertosleepinpairsforthesakeofsecurity

C.evenanimaginedcompaniongivesthebirdasenseofsecurity

D.asinglepetbirdenjoysseeingitsownreflectioninthemirror

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.alertthemselvestotheapproachingenemy

B.emergefromwaternowandthentobreathe

C.besensitivetotheever-changingenvironment

D.avoidbeingsweptawaybyrapidcurrents

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.half-brainsleephassomethingtodowithicyweather

B.themysteryofhalf-brainsleepisclosetobeingsolved

C.mostbirdslivingincoldregionstendtobehalfsleepers

D.half-brainsleepisaphenomenonthatcouldexistamongotherspecies.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Birdsthatareliterallyhalf-asleep—withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleep—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake,accordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks.（根據(jù)一項(xiàng)對(duì)睡著的鴨子的最新研究，鳥類處于半睡眠狀態(tài)，其中一個(gè)腦半球保持警戒，另一個(gè)腦半球用來睡覺——或者控制這一側(cè)大腦保持清醒。），可知鳥類可以控制自己的睡眠，所以C選項(xiàng)“鳥類可以有意識(shí)地控制他們的半腦睡眠”正確。A選項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)半腦睡眠出現(xiàn)在很多鳥類身上”，B選項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠的特點(diǎn)是腦電波緩慢”和D選項(xiàng)“鳥類很少在休息的時(shí)候用整個(gè)大腦睡覺”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainsleepinawiderangeofbirds.（早期的研究已經(jīng)記錄了很多鳥類的半腦睡眠。），可知這是早期研究的結(jié)果，故錯(cuò)誤。推測(cè)因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第一句single-hemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies（動(dòng)物在觀察周圍以提防敵人時(shí)進(jìn)化出了半腦睡眠），可知?jiǎng)游镆驗(yàn)橐岱罃橙吮Ｗo(hù)自己而發(fā)展出來半腦睡眠，所以A選項(xiàng)“他們必須提防可能的攻擊”正確。B選項(xiàng)“他們的大腦半球輪流休息”：這是半腦睡眠帶來的影響和好處，而非原因，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“他們的大腦的兩個(gè)半球是不同的結(jié)構(gòu)”：文章沒有提到鳥類的腦部結(jié)構(gòu)是怎樣的，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“他們必須時(shí)刻注意他們的同伴”：這屬于半腦睡眠運(yùn)用的地方和體現(xiàn)，而非原因，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句Themirror-sideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen.（鏡子那邊的那只眼睛閉上了，好像鏡子里的那只眼睛是同伴，而另一只眼睛則一直睜開著。），可知即使沒有真正的同伴在，鳥兒也會(huì)視鏡子中的自己為同伴，不一定非得要和同伴一起睡覺，結(jié)合鳥類的半腦睡眠是因?yàn)楸Ｗo(hù)自己，所以C選項(xiàng)“即使是一個(gè)想象中的同伴也會(huì)給鳥一種安全感”正確，B選項(xiàng)“為了安全起見，鳥兒喜歡成對(duì)睡覺”和D選項(xiàng)“一只寵物鳥喜歡看到自己在鏡子里的倒影”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“鳥兒成對(duì)打瞌睡的現(xiàn)象很普遍”：沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第七段最后一句Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.（也許保持一側(cè)大腦清醒可以讓睡著的動(dòng)物偶爾浮出水面，以避免溺水。），可知一些水生哺乳動(dòng)物為了在睡著時(shí)保持安全而發(fā)展出半睡眠狀態(tài)，所以D選項(xiàng)“避免被急流沖走”正確。A選項(xiàng)“警惕接近的敵人”，B選項(xiàng)“偶爾從水里冒出來呼吸”和C選項(xiàng)“感知不斷變化的環(huán)境”沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第八段最后一句Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.（他推測(cè)，當(dāng)我們進(jìn)一步觀察其他物種時(shí)，可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的例子。），可知JeromeM.Siegel認(rèn)為半腦睡眠可能也存在于其他生物，所以D選項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠是一種可能存在于其他物種中的現(xiàn)象”正確。A選項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠與寒冷天氣有關(guān)”和C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)生活在寒冷地區(qū)的鳥類往往是半睡眠者”：這里的冰山一角和天氣寒冷無關(guān)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠之謎即將被破解”：文章沒有提到破解謎題，并且這還需要進(jìn)一步研究，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

WhenRobertShiller,aYaleeconomistandbestsellingauthor,toldacrowdoffinanceprofessorsandeconomicsstudentslastspringthatonly10percentofhismoneywasinvestedinstocks,theygasped.

Managersmightsuggestanywherefrom50to90percent.But10percent?Thiswasheresy.

Howabout0percent?

That’sthesharethatinvestorsshouldplowintodomesticstocks,accordingtoBenInker,directorofassetallocationforGrantham,Mayo,andVanOtterloo&,Co.(GMO),amoney-managementfirmwithsome$85billioninassets.

Welcometoacontrarianviewoftoday'sequitymarkets.Asmallbutvocalbandofhereticsiscallingintoquestionnotonlytheprofitpotentialofstocksbutalsothefoundationforconventionalwisdomaboutinvesting.Evenforthosewhodisagreewiththem,theirargumentsserveasarealitycheckforthemarket.

Areconventionalportfoliosreallyassafeasexpertssay?

“Don’tbesurprisedthattheWallStreetbrokeragefirmsspendmostoftheirtimetellingyouthatstocksarecheap,”warnsMr.Inker.“WallStreetlikesthemarket.Itlikestrading.WallStreetmakesalotmoremoneyoffoftradingstocksthantradingbonds.”

Thetrickistodetermineyourportfolio’sexposuretorisk,analystssay.Andthatdepends——toasurprisinglylargedegreeonhowdiversifieditisandhowlongyou’repreparedtostaythecourse.Thesearekeyelementsof“modemportfoliotheory,”whichcameintobeinginthe1950sandeventuallywonitscreator,HarryMarkowitz,aNobelPrize

Essentially,portfoliotheoryholdsthatinvestorsreapthegreatestreturnwiththeleastriskwhentheyallocatetheirmoneyamongdiverseclassesofassets,holdthemforthelongterm,andrebalancetheportfoliowhenthevariousclassesofassetsstraytoofarfromtheiroriginalallocation.

Tomakeitwork,youneedtoownassetclassesthatdon'tmoveinlockstep,makeaccurateestimatesoftheirfuturereturns,anduseaverylongtimehorizon.Amiscalculationinevenoneofthesesteps,however,canseriouslyhurltheprospectsforreachingyourultimategoal.

“Thelong-termnatureisthedrivingforceoftheportfolio,”saysJerryKorabilk,vicepresidentofIbbotsonAssociates,aChicago-basedassetallocationadviser.“Allofourclientsareinstitutions,andwedevelopportfolioswith10-,20-,even30-yeartimehorizons.”

Ridingtherollercoaster

Thus,investorsshouldnevertrytogetinandoutofthemarketatspecifictimes,thetheoryholds.Instead,theyshouldridetheinevitableebbandflowofprices.Iftheyhaveallocatedtheirmoneycorrectly,someportionoftheirportfoliowillalmostalwaysbemakingmoney.Byrebalancingtheirportfoliosperiodically——sellingoffsomeofthewinningassetclassesandbuyingmoreofthelosers—theyarecontinuallybuyinglowandsellinghigh,atleastinarelativesense.

Thisbuy-and-holdstrategyhaswonoverhordesofinvestors.TheaverageFidelityretirementaccounthasnearly60percentofitsmoneyinstocks,arecentstudyfound.Theoverallaverageforretirementaccounts:61percent,accordingtotheEmployeeBenefitResearchInstitute.Evenequityallocationsforcollegeanduniversityendowmentshoveraround57.1percent,saystheNationalAssociationofCollegeandUniversityBusinessOfficers.

Theproblemisthatinvestorssometimeshavetobeextraordinarilypatientforthestrategytopayoff.In1981,forexample,theS&P500indexstoodatthesamelevelitfirstachievedin1965.Todaytheindexisabout30percentlowerthanitspeakin2000.Doinvestorsreallyhavetoputupwithsuchlongperiodsoflosses?

Profitsofimpatience

No,sayasmallcontingentofmoneymanagers.Byavoidingthestockmarketastheirprimaryengineforprofitduringthepastfiveyears,severalofthesemanagershavepostedgoodreturns.

TakethePermanentPortfolioFund.Unlikemanybalancedfunds,whichdiversifyprimarilybetweenstocksandbonds.Itencompassesamuchwidervarietyofassets:20percentgoldbullionandcoins,5percentsilverbullionandcoins,10percentSwissfrancdenominatedassets(typicallySwissgovernmentbonds),15percentUSandforeignrealestateandnatural-resourcecompanystocks,15percentaggressive-growthstocks,and35percentindollarassets(Treasurysecuritiesinvaryingmaturitiesandalsoshort-term,high-gradebonds).

Overthepastfiveyears,whiletheS&P500hasslippedbackward,thePermanentPortfolioFundhasaveragedastartling10.1percentgrowthperyear.

“Wedon’tcorrelatetoanyindexbecauseweowndifferentassets,”saysthefund'smanager,MichaelGuggino.“Inmarketswherestocksandequitiesaregoingsidewaysordown,weperformverywellbecauseourdiversificationismuchbroader.Ifequitiesgogangbusterslikeinthe90s,clearlywearegoingtounderperformbecausewewon’tbetotallyinstocks.”

Indeed,thefundlaggedsignificantlyduringtheboomyearsofthe1990s,causingaverageannualreturnsforthedecadetotrailtheS&P500byfourpercentagepoints.

1.Accordingto“modemportfoliotheory,”weshould（）.

2.Inthelastparagraph,“Thefundlaggedsignificantlyduringtheboomyearsof1990s,causingaverageannualreturnsforthedecadetotrailtheS&P500byfourpercentagepoints.”Weseefromthissentencethat（

）.

3.Whatattitudedoestheauthorhavetowardsconventionalportfolios?

4.Inthelast2ndparagraph,“Ifequitiesgogangbusterslikeinthe1990s,clearlywearegoingtounder-performbecausewewon’tbetotallyinstocks.”Weknowfromthissentenceallofthefollowingexceptthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.buyonesinglykindofstocks

B.neversellourstocks

C.sellstockswhosepricesgorelativelytoohighinourportfolio

D.buystockswhosepricesfluctuatesatthesamepace

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thefund'sprofitswerenotgoodenough

B.thefund'sperformanceduringthe1990sisverypoor

C.thefundlostmoneyduringthe1990s

D.thefunddidexceedinglywellduringthe1990s

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Skeptical

B.Scathing

C.Detached

D.Boastful

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.the1990ssawaboomingstockmarket

B.“we”underperformedduringthe1990s

C.“we”willchangeourcourseofaction

D.“we”arenottotallyinstocks

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)現(xiàn)代資產(chǎn)組合理論，我們應(yīng)該……”。文章第八段提到“這在很大程度上取決于資產(chǎn)的分散性和你打算持有多久。這些是現(xiàn)在資產(chǎn)組合理論的關(guān)鍵部分”（Andthatdepends——toasurprisinglylargedegree——onhowdiversifieditisandhowlongyou'repreparedtostaythecourse.Thesearekeyelementsof“modernportfoliotheory”…），可知強(qiáng)調(diào)的是多樣性，而不是“單個(gè)”，因此選項(xiàng)A可以排除；文章第十段提到“為了讓它（投資組合）起作用，你需要擁有不同類型且不同步變化的資產(chǎn)，并且你還需要對(duì)資產(chǎn)進(jìn)行預(yù)估”（Tomakeitwork,youneedtoownassetclassesthatdon’tmoveinlockstep,makeaccurateestimatesoftheirfuturereturns,anduseaverylongtimehorizon），因此選項(xiàng)D中的atthesamepace錯(cuò)誤，可以排除；文章第九段rebalancetheportfolio,第十二段提到“平衡投資組合包括出售一些盈利的資產(chǎn)，買入更多虧損的資產(chǎn)類別”（Byrebalancingtheirportfoliosperiodicallysellingoffsomeofthewinningassetclassesandbuyingmoreofthelosers），因此選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。綜上，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“我們從最后一段的這句話中了解到了什么？”文章最后一句提到“實(shí)際上，在上世紀(jì)90年代的繁榮時(shí)期，該基金表現(xiàn)明顯滯后，導(dǎo)致這十年的平均年回報(bào)率落后于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)4個(gè)百分點(diǎn)”（Indeed,thefundlaggedsignificantlyduringtheboomyearsofthe1990s,causingaverageannualreturnsforthedecadetotrailtheS&P500byfourpercentagepoints），由此可以推斷在90年代股市暴漲在基金中不明顯，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題目問的是“對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)資產(chǎn)組合，作者是何種態(tài)度？”文章第六段提問道“傳統(tǒng)的資產(chǎn)組合真的像專家們所說的那樣安全嗎？”下文對(duì)此進(jìn)行解答，因此選項(xiàng)C“客觀的”符合題意。skeptical“懷疑的”；scathing“嚴(yán)厲的”；boastful“自夸的，自負(fù)的”。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“我們從倒數(shù)第二段的這句話中了解到以下信息，除了……”該句出現(xiàn)在倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話，意思是“如果股票像90年代那樣行情火爆，那么很明顯，我們的運(yùn)作將會(huì)差于一般市場(chǎng)價(jià)格，因?yàn)槲覀儾粫?huì)完全投資于股市”，“90年代股票市場(chǎng)繁榮”“‘我們’在90年代運(yùn)作不佳”“‘我們’沒有完全投資于股市”均在句子中體現(xiàn)了，只有C選項(xiàng)沒有體現(xiàn)，因此該選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Johnoftensitsinasmallbar,drinkingandsmokingconsiderablymore（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thanthatheishealthy

B.thangoodforhishealth

C.thanhishealthcould

D.thanisgoodforhishealth

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他坐在一個(gè)小酒吧里喝酒吸煙,在思考著什么是對(duì)他的健康更有好處的。這里實(shí)際上在than的后面省略了關(guān)系代詞what。

15.單選題

Crushediceisoftenappliedtoinjuries________thereisswelling,toremoveexcessheatgeneratedinthetissues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inthat

B.forthat

C.where

D.which

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：碎冰通常用于腫脹的傷口，以清除組織中產(chǎn)生的多余熱量。從句意來看，從句是為了修飾injuries“傷口”這個(gè)名詞，所以后面是定語從句。定語從句中that前面不能接介詞，所以排除A，B；which引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，先行詞在從句中作主語，賓語或者表語，而從句不缺成分，所以排除D，答案選C。

16.單選題

Healwayshasalotof（）ideasinhismind,andsometimeswedonotevenknowwhatheisthinkingabout.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.novel

B.spoil

C.acceptable

D.additional

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。novel“新奇的，異常的”；spoil“掠奪”；acceptable“可接受的”；additional“另外的”。句意：他經(jīng)常有許多新奇的想法，有時(shí)候我們甚至不知道他在想什么。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Mikejustdiscoveredthathispassporthad（）threemonthsago.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abolished

B.expired

C.amended

D.constrained

【答案】B

【解析】句意:邁克剛才發(fā)現(xiàn)他的護(hù)照在三個(gè)月前就到期了。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式。abolish廢除；取消；expire到期；終止：死亡；呼氣;amend修改；改善；constrain驅(qū)使；強(qiáng)迫。該動(dòng)詞的主語是hispassport(他的護(hù)照)，因此B項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Freudderivedpsychoanalyticknowledgeofchildhoodindirectly;he（）childhoodprocessesfromadultmemory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reconstructed

B.incorporated

C.obstructed

D.fostered

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。reconstruct“重現(xiàn)，改造”；incorporate“包含，吸收”；obstruct“阻塞，妨礙”；foster“培養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育”。句意：弗洛伊德間接性地推斷出了兒童精神分析知識(shí)，從成年人的記憶中修復(fù)了兒時(shí)的記憶。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

19.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

我確信，在這個(gè)世界上有許多令人驚喜的事情，有某種比驚喜深刻得多的東西，某種持久而有意義的東西。那些生活在地球上美和神奇的東西之間的人們，不管他是作為科學(xué)家的成人還是非科學(xué)家的孩子，永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)孤單或?qū)ι罡械絽捑耄粺o論他們的個(gè)人生活有什么問題和憂慮，他們的思想都能找到通往內(nèi)心的滿足和對(duì)生活重燃激情的途徑。那些凝視地球之美的人能找到它們終身受用的力量儲(chǔ)備。他們看到在鳥類的遷徙中，在潮水的漲落之中，既有著具體的驚奇，更有著深遂的美。在大自然的反反復(fù)復(fù)循壞中，有一種具備無限治愈力的東西，黑暗過去是黎明，冬天過后是春天這一永恒的保障。

【答案】Iamsurethattherearemanysurprisesinthisworld,somethingmuchdeeperthansurprise,somethinglastingandmeaningful.Thosewholivebetweenthebeautyandthewonderoftheearth,whetherasascientistorasachildofanon-scientist,areneveraloneorboredwithlife;Nomatterwhatproblemsorconcernstheyhaveintheirpersonallives,theirthoughtsfindtheirwaytoinnersatisfactionandrenewedpassionforlife.Thosewhogazeatthebeautyoftheearthfindreservesofpowerthatwilllastthemalifetime.Theysawinthemigrationofbirds,intheebbandflowofthetides,aconcretewonderandaprofoundbeauty.Inthecycleofnature,thereissomethinginfinitelyhealing.Darknessisthedawnofthepast,andwinteristheeternalguaranteeofspring.

20.翻譯題

從一定角度上看，教育的目的實(shí)質(zhì)上就是通過生存知識(shí)的獲得和生存能力的提高而使受教育者為未來的生活做好準(zhǔn)備；而社會(huì)教育就是通過社會(huì)方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目的。對(duì)于任何人來說，生活可以有兩個(gè)目標(biāo)：一是達(dá)到或維持基本的生存水平，二是提高到更高層次。為達(dá)到這兩個(gè)目標(biāo)——其實(shí)生活中它們是融合在一起的，一般不會(huì)有人把兩者割裂開來——任何時(shí)代、任何區(qū)域和社會(huì)階層都會(huì)對(duì)作