考研考博-英語-天府新區(qū)通用航空職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天府新區(qū)通用航空職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Yetbeyondthattragicpicture,thereisarevolutionatworkinworldagriculture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflective

B.illusive

C.intolerable

D.grievous

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:除去這悲慘的景象，農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域正發(fā)生著變革。reflective:反射的，反映的，反思的。illusive:錯(cuò)覺的，迷惑人的。intolerable:無法忍受的,不能容忍的。grievous:嚴(yán)重的，令人傷心的,劇烈的。tragic:悲劇的，悲痛的。故選D。

2.單選題

Bethworkedhardto（）inwiththelocalsduringhervisit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.encounter

B.blend

C.merge

D.adapt

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：貝絲在她的訪問期間努力地（）當(dāng)?shù)厝酥小?/p>

encounter遭遇，邂逅，遇到；blend混合，協(xié)調(diào)，融入；merge合并，使合并，吞，沒；adapt適應(yīng)，改變。

選項(xiàng)Bblendinwith為固定搭配，表示“融入，融合”，符合句意。

3.單選題

Allhisplanforstartinghisownbusinessfell（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.through

C.down

D.away

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)fellin“塌陷，跌入，集合，到期”；B選項(xiàng)fellthrough“落空，失敗”；C選項(xiàng)felldown“跌倒，倒塌”；D選項(xiàng)fellaway“消失，背離，離開，疏失”。句意：他所有的創(chuàng)業(yè)計(jì)劃全落空（告吹）了。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Therehasbeennothingmoreastonishingintheprogressofwarwhichisreallytheapplicationofthemechanicsofforcetohumannature（

）

thepositionthatpublicopinionoccupies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.to

C.than

D.better

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。nothingmore...than...意思為“沒有什么比……更加……”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格后面是名詞“position位置”，而前面有nothingmore出現(xiàn)，再結(jié)合上下文意思，故推斷選項(xiàng)C為最佳答案。句意為：戰(zhàn)爭實(shí)際上是武力作用于人性，在這個(gè)過程中，沒有什么比公眾輿論占據(jù)的地位更讓人吃驚的了。

5.單選題

Youseethelightning（

）ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theinstant

B.foraninstant

C.ontheinstant

D.inaninstant

【答案】A

【解析】考查狀語從句。分析“Youseethelightning____ithappens”可知空格處缺少一個(gè)連詞，結(jié)合句意可知選A，theinstant表示“一……就……”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，其他選項(xiàng)不能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。句意：閃電一發(fā)生，你就看到了，但隨后才聽到雷聲。

6.單選題

InauguratedasecondtimeonMarch4,1901,（

）focusedondomesticratherthanforeignpolicies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.WilliamMcKinley’snewtermlookedforwardtoand

B.thenewtermlookedforwardtoWilliamMcKinleyand

C.lookingforwardtoanewtermwasWilliamMcKinley

D.WilliamMcKinleylookedforwardtoanewterm

【答案】D

【解析】句意:威廉?麥金利于1901年3月4日第二次就職，他期待一個(gè)新的主要集中于國內(nèi)事務(wù)而不是外交政策的階段。

語法題?？疾閯?dòng)詞過去分詞。句中前半句Inaugurated為Inaugurat的過去分詞作時(shí)間狀語。因此后半句為主句,而且主語為人,排除B、C。A項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ookforwardto后而應(yīng)跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞。故選D。

7.單選題

Sheoughttostopwork;shehasaheadachebecauseshe______toolong.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeenreading

B.hadread

C.isreading

D.read

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：她應(yīng)該停止工作；她因?yàn)榭磿枚^痛?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能仍然要繼續(xù)下去，或者剛剛終止。根據(jù)前半句她應(yīng)該停止工作可知看書的動(dòng)作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能要繼續(xù)下去，確定用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，A選項(xiàng)hasbeenreading符合題意。B選項(xiàng)hadread是過去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去，側(cè)重事情的結(jié)果；C選項(xiàng)isreading是正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生；D選項(xiàng)read是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Someeducatorstrytoputstudentsofsimilarabilitiesintothesameclassbecausetheybelievethiskindof（）groupingisadvisable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.homogeneous

B.instantaneous

C.spontaneous

D.anonymous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)homogeneous“同性質(zhì)的”；B選項(xiàng)instantaneous“瞬間的”；C選項(xiàng)spontaneous“無意識的”；D選項(xiàng)anonymous“匿名的”。句意：有些教育工作者試圖把能力相似的學(xué)生分到同一個(gè)班級，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這種同質(zhì)的分組是可取的。本句表示把能力相似的學(xué)生分到一個(gè)班是一種同質(zhì)性的分組。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Wemanagedtoreachthetopofthemountain,andhalfanhourlaterwebeganto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ascend

B.descend

C.decline

D.plunge

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。ascend“上升，升髙，攀登”;descend“下降，下傾”，表示空間方位的變化；decline“（數(shù)量、價(jià)值、質(zhì)量等的）減少，下降”；plunge“使突然前沖（或下落），（價(jià)格、溫度等）暴跌”。句意：我們成功到達(dá)山頂，半小時(shí)后我們開始下山。根據(jù)題干的邏輯關(guān)系可知B項(xiàng)符合題意，因此答案選B。

10.單選題

Herinterestinredecoratingthebighousekepther（）forawholeweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrained

B.dominated

C.restricted

D.occupied

【答案】D

【解析】句意:她熱衷于重新裝飾這大房子，為此她整整忙活了一周。

考查形容詞辨析。constrained限制的，制約的;dominate（動(dòng)詞）主宰，主導(dǎo)，keepsb.dominated表示使…居于領(lǐng)先地位;restricted局限的，限制的；occupied有人使用(或居住)，被占領(lǐng)的，被侵占的，keepsb.occupied表示使某人忙于做某事。因此D符合句意。

11.單選題

Ifsomethingverysubstantialisnotdonenextmonth,hecannot（）hisoffice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obtain

B.secure

C.have

D.retain

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。obtain“獲得”；secure“保護(hù)”；have“擁有”；retain“保留”。句意：如果下個(gè)月沒有做一些實(shí)質(zhì)性的工作，他將保不住他的職位。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

（

）foralongtime,thefieldsarealldriedup.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therehasbeennorain

B.Havingnorain

C.Therehavingbeennorain

D.Therebeingnorain

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。逗號后面的是一個(gè)完整的句子，所以前面應(yīng)該用非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，再根據(jù)foralongtime可知要用到完成時(shí)，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

Businessandgovernmentmanagersoftenpromote“cleandesk”politiestoavoiddisorganizedofficesandmessydesks，______boostingworkefficiencyandproductivity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forthepurposeof

B.forgoodof

C.forpurposeof

D.forthefunof

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞詞組辨析。forthepurposeof“為了……目的”；B和C選項(xiàng)形式不正確；forthefunof“為了享受”。句意：企業(yè)和政府管理者經(jīng)常推行“整潔的辦公室”政策，以避免混亂的辦公室和凌亂的桌子，……提高工作效率和生產(chǎn)力。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristics,andthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopmenttheydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrangeshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadrycontinentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulations.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationhadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thus,aftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibet,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing“striking”intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan“tea”isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcold,andpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimes,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandroussocietiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplands,whichpermittednoexperimentationand“froze”thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityinasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvival.

1.WhatwasthesignificanceofthefactthatthePleistoceneglaciationdidnotwipeoutlifeentirelyinthearea?

2.WhichofthefollowingmostlikelybestdescribesTibetan“tea”？

3.Theauthor'sknowledgeofTibetisprobably（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage:whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationcanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Withoutlife,mancouldnotflourisheither.

B.Thedryingoutwastoosuddenformostplantstoadapttotheclimate.

C.Iftheregionhadbeendevoidoflife,someoftheotherspeciesfromnearby,aridareasmightpossiblyhavetakenoverthearea.

D.ThevarietyofTibetanlifewasdecreased.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.agreentinteddrinksimilartoChinesebasket-friedgreentea

B.anutritiousmixtureoftealeavesandrancidyakbutter

C.adarkbrownteadrink,carefullystrained

D.ahighcaffeinedrink

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultofLifelongstudy

C.limitedtogeologicalhistory

D.derivedonlyfrombooks

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

B.Someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Europeanculturesareliberatedtosomedegreefromdeterminism.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent

D.arefoundinalandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。定位到第三段：“WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulations.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationhadafurtherthinningeffect.隨著喜馬拉雅山脈的形成和該地區(qū)相對突然的干旱，動(dòng)物和植物的數(shù)量急劇減少。隨后發(fā)生的不完全更新世冰川作用使冰川進(jìn)一步變薄?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“藏族生活的多樣性減少”正確。

2.判斷推理題。由第三段：Tibetan“tea”isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.藏茶是主要的食品，可以替代難以吃到的蔬菜。由此可以推知：藏茶是主食之一，由于蔬菜品種很少，所以用藏茶來補(bǔ)充因蔬菜攝入不足所缺乏的營養(yǎng)。B項(xiàng)“茶葉與發(fā)酵牦牛酥的營養(yǎng)混合物”；A項(xiàng)“—種綠茶，類似于漢族的籃炒綠茶”。C項(xiàng)“經(jīng)過細(xì)致過濾的深棕色茶品”。D項(xiàng)含高咖啡因的飲品。既然是要補(bǔ)充蔬菜攝入不足導(dǎo)致的營養(yǎng)缺乏，自然要用有營養(yǎng)的物質(zhì)來替代。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。本文中沒有涉及作者的研究和經(jīng)歷，第三段引用了Armand的描述，第四段中講到了Lattimore和Kawakita的看法。A項(xiàng)“基于第一手經(jīng)驗(yàn)”；B項(xiàng)“終身學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果”；C項(xiàng)“限于地質(zhì)歷史”；D項(xiàng)“僅從書本中獲得”故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由“However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopmenttheydonotdetermineit.但是，并沒有打算采用孟德斯鳩關(guān)于氣候和土壤是文化決定因素的觀點(diǎn)。一個(gè)區(qū)域的生態(tài)只造成該區(qū)域居民所面臨的一些問題，雖然一種文化所面臨的問題對其發(fā)展很重要，但這些問題并沒有決定它的發(fā)展?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.同一地區(qū)的文化，共享土壤和氣候，本質(zhì)上是相同的?！闭门c孟德斯鳩的觀點(diǎn)相符。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段中：“Thus,aftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.因此，在冰期結(jié)束后，現(xiàn)存的來自原始大陸物種的生命種類只有幾個(gè)?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)“原產(chǎn)于大陸氣候”正確。

15.單選題

Thepolicedecidedto（）thedepartmentstoreaftertheyhadreceivedabombwarning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evict

B.expel

C.abandon

D.evacuate

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查了動(dòng)詞辨析。evict“驅(qū)逐”；expel“驅(qū)散；趕走”；abandon“放棄”；evacuate“撤離；疏散”，根據(jù)bombwarning（爆炸警報(bào)）可知警察會疏散、撤離人員，所以此處應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞evacuate，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

16.單選題

Somedonors,batteredbysomanyappealsforhelp,mayfindthemselvesbattlingcompassion

（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indolence

B.fatigue

C.vacuum

D.leave

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)indolence“懶散，懶惰，無痛”；B選項(xiàng)fatigue“疲勞，疲乏，雜役”；C選項(xiàng)vacuum“真空，空缺，空白，真空吸塵器”；D選項(xiàng)leave“離開，許可，同意，休假”。compassionfatigue“同情疲勞”。句意：一些捐助人，在如此多的求助面前不堪一擊，可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在與同情疲勞作斗爭。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Youmustpackplentyoffoodforthejourney.（）,youwillneedwarmclothes,sopackthemtoo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Equally

B.Incidentally

C.Inevitably

D.Likewise

【答案】D

【解析】語法知識。Equally相等地，Incidentally偶然地，Inevitably不可避免地，Likewise同樣地。句意：你必須帶上足夠的食物去旅行，你還需要暖和的衣服，所以也要一起打包。句子為并列關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

18.單選題

Whathehadinmind（）tonothinglessthanatotalreversalofthetraditionalroleoftheexecutive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contributed

B.dedicated

C.amounted

D.added

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)contribute“貢獻(xiàn)；投稿；捐獻(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)dedicate“致力；獻(xiàn)身”；C選項(xiàng)amount“總計(jì)；相當(dāng)于”；D選項(xiàng)add“增加，添加”。句意：他腦子里想的東西完全顛覆了傳統(tǒng)意義上的角色執(zhí)行官。此題應(yīng)注意題干中的“nothinglessthan完全是”，可推知“相當(dāng)于”符合語境，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Totakerevengeofthedefeatlastyear,eachplayerwasmakinghis（）towinthematch.Eventheirfanswerecheeringforthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.setback

B.endeavor

C.remnant

D.distinction

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。setback挫敗，退步；endeavor努力，嘗試；remnant剩余；distinction區(qū)別，差別。句意：為了彌補(bǔ)去年的失敗，每個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員都在努力贏得比賽。甚至他們的球迷也在為他們歡呼。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

20.單選題

Ourvisualperceptiondependsonthereceptionofenergyreflectingorradiatingfromthatwhichwewishtoperceive.Ifoureyescouldreceiveandmeasureinfinitelydelicatesensedata,wecouldperceivetheworldwithinfiniteprecision.Thenaturallimitsofoureyeshave,ofcourse,beenextendedbymechanicalinstruments;telescopesandmicroscopes,forexample,expandourcapabilitiesgreatly.Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus.Thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesensedatasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.Sincethesequantaarebelievedtobeinvisiblepackagesofenergyandsocannotbefurtherrefined,wereachapointbeyondwhichfurtherresolutionoftheworldisnotpossible.Itislikeadrawingachildmightmakebystickinginvisiblediscsofcolorontoacanvas.

Wemightthinkthatwecouldavoidthislimitationbyusingquantawithextremelylongwavelengths:suchquantawouldbesufficientlysensitivetoconveyextremelydelicatesensedata.Andthesequantawouldbeuseful,aslongasweonlywantedtomeasureenergy,butacompletelyaccurateperceptionoftheworldwilldependalsoontheexactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositionsofwhatwewishtoperceive.Forthis,quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuseless.Tomeasurealengthaccuratelytowithinamillionthofaninch,wemusthaveameasuregraduateinmillionthsofaninch;ayardstickgraduatedininchesisuseless.Quantawithawavelengthofoneinchwouldbe,inasense,measuresthataregraduatedininches.Quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuselessinmeasuringanythingexceptextremelylargedimensions.

Despitethesedifficulties,quantahaveimportanttheoreticalimplicationsforphysics.Itusedtobesupposedthat,intheobservationofnature,theuniversecouldbedividedintotwodistinctpartsaperceivingsubjectandaperceivedobject.Inphysics,subjectandobjectweresupposedtobeentirelydistinct,sothatadescriptionofanypartoftheuniversewouldbeindependentoftheobserver.Thequantumtheory,however,suggestsotherwise,foreveryobservationinvolvesthepassageofacompletequantumfromtheobjecttothesubject,anditnowappearsthatthispassageconstitutesanimportantcouplingbetweenobserverandobserved.Wecannolongermakeasharpdivisionbetweenthetwoinanefforttoobservenatureobjectively.Suchanattemptatobjectivitywoulddistortthecrucialinterrelationshipofobserverandobservedaspartsofasinglewhole.But,evenforscientists,itisonlyintheworldofatomsthatthisnewdevelopmentmakesanyappreciabledifferenceintheexplanationofobservations.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,quantawithanextremelylongwavelengthcannotbeusedtogivecompleteinformationaboutthephysicalworldbecausethey________.

3.Theauthorusestheanalogyofthechild’sdrawing(Para.1)primarilyinorderto________.

4.Theauthorimpliesthatmakingasharpdivisionbetweensubjectandobjectinphysicsis________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussaproblemthathinderspreciseperceptionoftheworld

B.pointouttheinadequaciesofacceptedunitsofmeasurement

C.compareandcontrastscientifichypothesesabouthowtheworldshouldbemeasuredandobserved

D.suggestthelimitedfunctionofsensoryobservation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.existindependentlyofsensedata

B.haveaninsignificantamountofenergy

C.cannot,withpresent-dayinstruments,beisolatedfromquantaofshorterwavelength

D.provideaninsufficientlyprecisemeansofmeasuringlengthandposition

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.illustratetheultimatelimitationintheprecisionofsensedataconveyedbyquanta

B.showthesenseofhelplessnessscientistsfeelinthefaceofsignificantobservationalproblems

C.anticipatetheobjectionsofthosescientistswhobelievethatnoinstrumentalaidtoobservationisentirelyreliable

D.exemplifythesimilaritiesbetweenpackagesofenergyandvarietiesofcolor

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.possibleinameasurementofanobject’slengthandposition,butnotinameasurementofitsenergy

B.nolongeranentirelyaccuratewaytodescribeobservationoftheuniverse

C.stilltheoreticallypossibleinthesmall-scaleworldofatomsandelectrons

D.possibleinthecaseofobservationsinvolvingthepassageofacompletequantum

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.本文的主要目的是________。

A.discussaproblemthathinderspreciseperceptionoftheworldA.討論妨礙準(zhǔn)確感知世界的問題

B.pointouttheinadequaciesofacceptedunitsofmeasurementB.指出公認(rèn)計(jì)量單位的不足之處

C.compareandcontrastscientifichypothesesabouthowtheworldshouldbemeasuredandobservedC.比較和對照關(guān)于應(yīng)該如何測量和觀察世界的科學(xué)假設(shè)

D.suggestthelimitedfunctionofsensoryobservationD.表明感官觀察功能的有限

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段提出視覺感知（visualperception）的極限在我們無法接收比單個(gè)量子能量傳遞的更小的感知數(shù)據(jù)，第二段提出科學(xué)家想到了一個(gè)辦法使用波長極長的量子（quantawithextremelylongwavelengths）也不能突破這種限制，第三段提出量子對物理學(xué)有重要的理論意義（importanttheoreticalimplications），也就是研究視覺感知而得來的啟示。綜上所述，本文在談?wù)撘曈X感知受到阻礙引發(fā)的一系列問題，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“指出公認(rèn)計(jì)量單位的不足之處”：文章沒有提到計(jì)量單位，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“比較和對照關(guān)于應(yīng)該如何測量和觀察世界的科學(xué)假設(shè)”和D選項(xiàng)“表明感官觀察功能的有限”：只是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不能概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,quantawithanextremelylongwavelengthcannotbeusedtogivecompleteinformationaboutthephysicalworldbecausethey________.根據(jù)本文，波長極長的量子不能用來提供關(guān)于物質(zhì)世界的完整信息，因?yàn)樗鼈僟_______。

A.existindependentlyofsensedataA.獨(dú)立于感官數(shù)據(jù)而存在

B.haveaninsignificantamountofenergyB.沒有足夠的能量

C.cannot,withpresent-dayinstruments,beisolatedfromquantaofshorterwavelengthC.用現(xiàn)在的儀器不能與較短波長的量子隔離

D.provideaninsufficientlyprecisemeansofmeasuringlengthandpositionD.提供的測量長度和位置的方法不夠精確

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞completeinformation定位到第二段第二、三句，該處講到“對世界的完全準(zhǔn)確的感知（completelyaccurateperceptionoftheworld）還取決于我們想要感知的東西的長度和位置的精確測量（exactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositions）。因此（Forthis），波長極長的量子是無用的?！?，可知其原因是它們不能準(zhǔn)確測量長度和位置，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)立于感官數(shù)據(jù)而存在”：文中沒有提到波長極長的量子獨(dú)立于感官數(shù)據(jù)，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“沒有足夠的能量”：文中沒有提到波長極長的量子能量不足，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“用現(xiàn)在的儀器不能與較短波長的量子隔離”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorusestheanalogyofthechild’sdrawing(Para.1)primarilyinorderto________.作者用孩子的畫作類比（第一段）主要是為了________。

A.illustratetheultimatelimitationintheprecisionofsensedataconveyedbyquantaA.說明由量子傳遞的感官數(shù)據(jù)的精確度的極限限制

B.showthesenseofhelplessnessscientistsfeelinthefaceofsignificantobservationalproblemsB.顯示出科學(xué)家在面對重大觀察問題時(shí)的無助感

C.anticipatetheobjectionsofthosescientistswhobelievethatnoinstrumentalaidtoobservationisentirelyreliableC.預(yù)測那些科學(xué)家的反對意見，他們認(rèn)為沒有任何儀器輔助的觀察完全可靠

D.exemplifythesimilaritiesbetweenpackagesofenergyandvarietiesofcolorD.舉例說明能量包和各種顏色之間的相似性

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞Para.1和信息詞child’sdrawing定位到第一段最后一句，該處講到“這就像一個(gè)孩子畫……一樣（Itislike）”，結(jié)合該段倒數(shù)第二句，該處講到“這些量子不能被進(jìn)一步細(xì)化，我們達(dá)到了一個(gè)點(diǎn)，超過了這個(gè)點(diǎn)，對世界的進(jìn)一步解析就不可能了?！?，可知child’sdrawing的例子是對該段倒數(shù)第二句觀點(diǎn)的佐證，也就是量子傳遞的感官數(shù)據(jù)的精確度有限制，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“顯示出科學(xué)家在面對重大觀察問題時(shí)的無助感”：文中沒有提到科學(xué)家對此感覺很無力，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“預(yù)測那些科學(xué)家的反對意見，他們認(rèn)為沒有任何儀器輔助的觀察完全可靠”：文中沒有提到科學(xué)家有反對意見，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“舉例說明能量包和各種顏色之間的相似性”：文中沒有提到能量包和顏色的聯(lián)系，屬于無中生有。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorimpliesthatmakingasharpdivisionbetweensubjectandobjectinphysicsis________.作者的意思是，在物理學(xué)中區(qū)分主體和客體的方法________。

A.possibleinameasurementofanobject’slengthandposition,butnotinameasurementofitsenergyA.在測量物體的長度和位置時(shí)有可能，但在測量物體的能量時(shí)不能

B.nolongeranentirelyaccuratewaytodescribeobservationoftheuniverseB.不再能非常準(zhǔn)確地描述對宇宙的觀察

C.stilltheoreticallypossibleinthesmall-scaleworldofatomsandelectronsC.在原子和電子這很小的范圍里，理論上仍然是可能的

D.possibleinthecaseofobservationsinvolvingthepassageofacompletequantumD.全然以量子論來觀察，這是可能的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞divisionbetweensubjectandobject定位到第三段，結(jié)合該段第三、四、五句，該處講到“在物理學(xué)中（Inphysics），主體和客體應(yīng)該是完全不同……然而，量子理論（Thequantumtheory）卻提出了相反的觀點(diǎn)（suggestsotherwise）……為了客觀地觀察自然，我們再也不能將這兩者清晰地區(qū)分開來（Wecannolongermakeasharpdivision）?！?，可知作者認(rèn)為物理學(xué)的方法如今不再能客觀地觀察自然，需要舍棄，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“在測量物體的長度和位置時(shí)有可能，但在測量物體的能量時(shí)不能”：對應(yīng)第三段第三句“在物理學(xué)中，主體和客體應(yīng)該是完全不同的（entirelydistinct），所以對宇宙任何部分（anypartoftheuniverse）的描述都是獨(dú)立于觀察者的?！?，可知在物理學(xué)中，主體和客體的區(qū)分在任何情況下都非常明顯，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“在原子和電子這很小的范圍里，理論上仍然是可能的”：對應(yīng)文章最后一句“即使對科學(xué)家來說，也只有在原子的世界里，這種新理論（newdevelopment）才會對對觀測結(jié)果的解釋有明顯的不同?！?，這里的新理論指的是量子論，而不是傳統(tǒng)物理學(xué)，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“全然以量子論來觀察，這是可能的”：對應(yīng)第三段第四句“量子理論卻提出了相反的觀點(diǎn)……構(gòu)成了觀察者和被觀察者之間的重要結(jié)合（importantcouplingbetweenobserverandobserved）”，可知量子論的觀點(diǎn)和物理學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)相反，在量子論中，觀察者和被觀察者無法清晰地區(qū)分開來，屬于反向干擾。

21.單選題

TheelderlyRussiansfindithardtoliveontheirstate______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pensions

B.earnings

C.salaries

D.donations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)pension“退休金，撫恤金”，B項(xiàng)earning“收入，所賺的錢”，C項(xiàng)salary“工資”，D項(xiàng)donation“捐款，捐贈(zèng)物”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞elderly“老年人”和liveon“靠……生活”可知，空格處填入pension“養(yǎng)老金”符合語境。句意：俄羅斯的老年人發(fā)現(xiàn)靠國家養(yǎng)老金生活很困難。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Livinginthedesertinvolvesalotofproblems,（

）watershortageistheworst.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nottomention

B.ofwhich

C.letalone

D.forwhat

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。由固定搭配shortageof（缺少）可知此處將介詞of提前，which指代前面句中的problems。

句意：住在沙漠里有很多問題，最嚴(yán)重的問題是缺少水。

23.單選題

Animportantfactorindetermininghowwellyouperforminanexaminationisthe（）ofourmind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.state

B.case

C.situation

D.circumstance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。state“情形”；case“情況”；situation“形勢”；circumstance“環(huán)境，狀況”。句意：決定考試好壞的一個(gè)重要因素是我們的精神狀態(tài)。故A項(xiàng)符合題意。

24.單選題

Myneighborsoneithersideofmehavepaintedtheirhouses,（）ofcoursemakesmyhouselookshabbierthanitreallyis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.as

C.who

D.which

【答案】D

【解析】考查非限定性定語從句。which指代前面的整個(gè)句子,

對主句起附加說明的作用。句意：我兩邊的鄰居都粉刷了他們的房子,

這使我的房子看起來比實(shí)際更破舊。

25.單選題

Forgatheringdataaboutindividualsorgroupsatdifferentdevelopmentallevels,researcherscanusetworelatedresearchdesigns:longitudinalandcross-sectional.

Alongitudinalstudyisonethatmeasuresabehaviororacharacteristicofanindividualoveraperiodoftime,perhapsdecades.AnexampleofsuchastudyistheBerkeleyGrowthStudybegunin1928byNancyBayley.Thestudyfocusedonagroupof74white,middleclassnewborns.Astheygrewolder,extensivemeasuresoftheirintellectual,personality,andmotordevelopmentwererecorded.Thesubjectswerestudiedformorethanthirtyyears.

Thelongitudinalresearchdesignisapowerfultechniqueforseekingunderstandingsoftheeffectsofearlyexperiencesonlaterdevelopment.Also,differencesinorstabilityofbehaviorsorcharacteristicsatdifferentagescanbedetermined.Longitudinalstudies,however,areexpensivetoconduct,time-consuming,andheavilycontingent

onthepatienceandpersistenceoftheresearchers.Thefindingsofalongitudinalstudymaybejeopardizedbyrelocationofsubjectstoanotherpartofthecountryandbyboredomorirritationatrepeatedtesting.Anotherdisadvantageisthatsocietychangesfromonetimetoanotherandthesubjectsparticipatinginthestudyreflecttosomedegreesuchchanges.Themethodsofstudyorthequestionsguidingtheresearchersmayalsochangefromonetimetoanother.Ifproperlyconducted,however,longitudinalstudiescanproduceuseful,directinformationaboutdevelopment.

Across-sectionalstudyisoneinwhichsubjectsofdifferingagesareselectedandcomparedonaspecificbehaviororcharacteristic.Theyarealikewithrespecttosocioeconomicstatus,sex,oreducationallevel.Forexample,aresearchermaybeinterestedinlookingatchangesinintelligenceoverathirty-yearperiod.Threegroupsofsubjects,agesten,twenty,andthirty,maybeselectedandtested.Conclusionsaredrawnfromthetestdata.

Thecross-sectionalresearchdesignhastheclearadvantageofbeinglessexpensivetoconductandcertainlylesstime-consuming.Themajordisadvantageisthatdifferentindividualswhomakeupthestudysamplehavenotbeenobservedovertime.Noinformationaboutpastinfluencesondevelopmentoraboutage-relatedchangesissecured.Likelongitudinalstudies,thecross-sectionalmethodscannoterasethegenerationalinfluencethatexistswhensubjectsstudiedarebornatdifferenttime.Psychologistsarenowbeginningtouseanapproachthatcombineslongitudinalandcross-sectionalresearchmethods.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthedisadvantagesofalongitudinalresearch?

2.Theword"contingent"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans______.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Oneofthedifferencesbetweencross-sectionalresearchandlongitudinalresearchisthat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thesubjectsmaybecomeirritatedatrepeatedtesting.

B.Theparticipantsinthestudymaynotstayinoneplaceformanyyears.

C.Thebehaviorofasubjectinthestudymaybemeasuredcontinuouslyformanyyears.

D.Socialchangesmaybereflectedinthebehaviorsofthesubjectsparticipatinginthestudy.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.dependent

B.consecutive

C.determined

D.continual

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thesubjectsinacross-sectionalresearcharenotofthesameagegroup.

B.Themethodsofstudyinlongitudinalresearchwillnotchangeovertime.

C.Longitudinalresearchisreliableonlyinseekingunderstandingsoftheeffectsofearlyexperiencesonlaterdevelopment.

D.Cross-sectionalmethodsarenotusuallyadoptedinstudying,forexample,thechangesinintelligenceoverathirty-yearperiod.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thelatterusuallyfocusesononlyonesubject,whiletheformerinvolvesgroupsofsubjects

B.theformercanbefreefromtheinfluenceofsocialchanges

C.thelattercanbefreefromtheinfluenceofsocialchanges

D.theformercostslessmoneyandtakeslesstime

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干：下列哪項(xiàng)不是縱向研究的缺點(diǎn)之一？文章第二段說到縱向研究的特點(diǎn)和有點(diǎn)，第三段說到了縱向研究的缺點(diǎn)。第二段第一句“Alongitudinalstudyisonethatmeasuresabehaviororacharacteristicofanindividualoveraperiodoftime,perhapsdecades”與C選項(xiàng)符合。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.詞義題。由詞語定位到第三句，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知“contingent”是并列謂語之一。前半句說到縱向研究費(fèi)用高、耗時(shí)長，因此要依靠耐心和毅力才能堅(jiān)持下來。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。題干：下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？此類題只可通過選項(xiàng)定位。C選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了絕對詞“only”，表示“縱向研究只有在尋求對早期經(jīng)驗(yàn)對后期發(fā)展的影響的理解時(shí)才是可靠的”，過于絕對化，因此排除；第三段中“themethodsofstudyorthequestionsguidingtheresearchersmayalsochangefromonetimetoanother”說明B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；第四段中“threegroupsofsubjects,ageten,twenty,andthirty,maybeselectedandtested”說明D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：橫向和縱向研究的區(qū)別之一是______。由題干定位到文章第四、五段，第五段第一句提到“Thecross-sectionalresearchdesignhastheclearadvantageofbeinglessexpensivetoconductandcertainlylesstime-consuming”，即與D選項(xiàng)的less