考研考博-英語-天津商業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津商業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Whenabookgoesintotranslation,allthoselinguistic________getlost.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subtleties

B.manipulations

C.suppositions

D.complications

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.subtleties微妙之處B.manipulations操縱，操作

C.suppositions推斷，推測(cè)D.complications復(fù)雜因素

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“getlost（丟失）”構(gòu)成主謂邏輯，說明語言上的什么東西消失了。由前半句“Whenabookgoesintotranslation（當(dāng)一本書被翻譯時(shí)）”可知，翻譯是將一種語言轉(zhuǎn)換為另一種語言，所以在這個(gè)過程中會(huì)有一些語言上的精妙之處丟失。subtlety指細(xì)微但重要的地方，因此A選項(xiàng)subtleties“微妙之處”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)manipulations“操縱，操作”指對(duì)某事物的控制或熟練地使用某物，不能和“l(fā)inguistic（語言學(xué)）”進(jìn)行搭配；

C選項(xiàng)suppositions“推斷，推測(cè)”指沒有證據(jù)的、推測(cè)出的想法，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)complications“復(fù)雜因素”指難以理解、解釋或處理的事物，不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】當(dāng)一本書被翻譯時(shí)，所有那些語言上的微妙之處都丟失了。

2.單選題

Itisnowbelievedthatthedramaticchangesinfamilystructure,thoughregrettable,areimpossibletoreverse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensational

B.emotional

C.horrible

D.striking

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sensational“轟動(dòng)的；聳人聽聞的；非常好的；使人感動(dòng)的”；B選項(xiàng)emotional“情緒的；易激動(dòng)的；感動(dòng)人的”；C選項(xiàng)horrible“可怕的；極討厭的”；D選項(xiàng)striking“顯著的，突出的，驚人的；打擊的；罷工的”。句意：人們現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為，家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的顯著變化雖然令人遺憾，但是不可能逆轉(zhuǎn)的。本句關(guān)鍵詞dramatic表示“巨大的；急劇的；引人注目的；令人激動(dòng)的；戲劇的”，在句中可和striking（顯著的）做同義替換；因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.填空題

YouandIdon’tneedanyoneelse’sassistance.Wecansolvetheseproblemsby（

）.

句意:我和你都不需要其它任何人的幫助。我們靠我們自己可以解決問題。

【答案】ourselves

【解析】固定搭配。byourselves依靠自己獨(dú)立完成。

4.單選題

Coincidentwithconcernsabouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitatshasbeenagrowingappreciationoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversity,thenumberofspeciesinaparticularecosystem,tothehealthoftheEarthandhumanbeings.Muchhasbeenwrittenaboutthediversityofterrestrialorganisms,particularlytheexceptionallyrichlifeassociatedwithtropicalrain-foresthabitats.Relativelylittlehasbeensaid,however,aboutdiversityoflifeintheseaeventhoughcoralreefsystemsarecomparabletorainforestsintermsofrichnessoflife.

AnalienexploringtheEarthwouldprobablygiveprioritytotheplanet’sdominant,mostdistinctivefeature一theocean.Humanshaveabiastowardlandthatsometimesgetsinthewayoftrulyexaminingglobalissues.Seenfromfaraway,itiseasytorealizethatlandmassesoccupyone-thirdoftheEarth’ssurface.Giventhattwo-thirdsoftheEarth’ssurfaceiswaterandthatmarinelifelivesatalllevelsoftheocean,thetotalthree-dimensionallivingspaceoftheoceanisperhaps100timesgreaterthanthatoflandandcontainsmorethan90percentofalllifeonEartheventhoughtheoceanhasfewerdistinctspecies.

Thefactthathalfoftheknownspeciesarethoughttoinhabittheworld’srainforestsdoesnotseemsurprising,consideringthehugenumbersofinsectsthatcomprisethebulkofspecies.Onescientistfoundmanydifferentspeciesofantsinjustonetreefromarainforest.Whileeveryspeciesisdifferentfromeveryotherspecies,theirgeneticmakeupconstrainsthemtobeinsectsandtosharesimilarcharacteristicswith750000speciesofinsects.Ifbasic,broadcategoriessuchasphylaandclassesaregivenmoreemphasisthandifferentiatingbetweenspecies,thenthegreatestdiversityoflifeisunquestionablythesea.Nearlyeverymajortypeofplantandanimalhassomerepresentationthere.

Toappreciatefullythediversityofabundanceoflifeinthesea,ithelpstothinksmall.Everyspoonfulofoceanwatercontainslifeontheorderof100to100000bacterialcellsplusassortedmicroscopicplantsandanimals,includinglarvasororganismsrangingfromspongesandcoralstostarfishandclamsandmuchmore.

1.Whatisthemainpointofthepassage?

2.Whydoestheauthorcomparecoralreefswithrainforests(Para.1)?

3.Thepassagesuggeststhatmostrainforestspeciesare（

）.

4.Theauthorarguesthatthereismorediversityoflifeintheseathanintherainforestbecause（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingconclusionsissupportedbythepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Humansaredestroyingthousandsofspecies.

B.Therearethousandsofinsectspecies.

C.Theseaisevenricherinlifethantherainforests.

D.Coralreefsaresimilartorainforests.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theysharemanysimilarspecies.

B.Theyareapproximatelythesamesize.

C.Mostoftheirinhabitantsrequirewater.

D.Bothhavemanydifferentformsoflife.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.insects

B.bacteria

C.mammals

D.birds

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.therearetoomanyinsectstomakemeaningfuldistinctions

B.morephylaandclassesoflifearerepresentedinthesea

C.manyinsectspeciesaretoosmalltodivideintocategories

D.marinelife-formsreproduceatafasterpace

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Oceanlifeishighlyadaptive.

B.Oceanlifeisprimarilycomposedofplants.

C.Theseaishighlyresistanttothedamagedonebypollutants.

D.Moreattentionneedstobepaidtopreservingoceanspeciesandhabitats.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知，第一段提到,人類對(duì)熱帶雨林生物多樣性的報(bào)道很多，但對(duì)海洋生物多樣性的報(bào)道卻很少。接下來的段落便是描述海洋生物多樣性體現(xiàn)在哪些方面以及事實(shí)依據(jù),所以本文的主旨是海洋生物物種比熱帶雨林生物物種更豐富，選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)第一段最后一句“coralreefsystemsarecomparabletorainforestsintermsofrichnessoflife.”就生物的豐富程度而言，珊瑚礁可與雨林相媲美。也就是說二者都有許多不同的生命形式，也就是豐富的物種，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，世界上有一半的已知物種生活在雨林中，因?yàn)闃?gòu)成物種主體的昆蟲數(shù)量龐大。由此可知，熱帶雨林中的大多數(shù)物種是昆蟲。選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段最后兩句，如果更強(qiáng)調(diào)基本的和主要的物種，如生物的分類和級(jí)別，而不對(duì)他們進(jìn)行區(qū)分，那么毫無疑問，生命的多樣性存在于海洋之中。幾乎每一種主要的動(dòng)物和植物都有一些代表性。所以海洋生物物種豐富的原因是海洋中生物的分類和級(jí)別太多。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Toappreciatefullythediversityofabundanceoflifeinthesea,ithelpstothinksmall.”要充分欣賞海洋生物的多樣性，需要從小事做起。再根據(jù)第一段提及的對(duì)熱帶雨林生物多樣性的報(bào)道很多，但對(duì)海洋生物多樣性的報(bào)道卻很少，說明人們只重視保護(hù)熱帶雨林物種多樣性而忽略了海洋物種多樣性，作者意在呼吁人們注意保護(hù)海洋物種及其棲息地。選項(xiàng)D正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

5.單選題

Don'tbehardonLilly.Sheis（

）andshemaystarttocry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sophisticated

B.sympathetic

C.sensitive

D.sensible

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sophisticated意為“老練的，見過世面的”；sympathetic意為“同情的，有同情心的”；sensitive意為“敏感的，易受影響的”；sensible意為“理智的，明智的”。

句意：別對(duì)莉莉太苛刻。她很敏感，她可能會(huì)哭了。

6.單選題

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthe

wayof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.persuasion

B.remedy

C.encouragement

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。persuasion“說服”；remedy“補(bǔ)救”；encouragement“鼓勵(lì)”；compromise“妥協(xié)”。句意：當(dāng)有人談到自己的弱點(diǎn)時(shí)，聽者應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)他進(jìn)行鼓勵(lì)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

Thepopularityofthefilmshowsthatthereviewers’fearswerecompletely（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unjustified

B.unjust

C.misguided

D.unaccepted

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)unjustified表示“不公正的；不必要的”，B選項(xiàng)unjust表示“非正義的”，C選項(xiàng)misguided表示“被誤導(dǎo)的”，D選項(xiàng)unaccepted表示“未被接納的；被拒絕的；不承擔(dān)的”。根據(jù)句意可知，這部電影的受歡迎程度表明審核員的擔(dān)心是完全沒必要的。因此，A選項(xiàng)最符合原文句意，故本題最佳答案為A選項(xiàng)。

8.問答題

Thementakingpart,ontheotherhand,areclearlyrecognizable.Thereisnothingabout

theirappearancetosuggestthat

theybelongtoanentirelydifferentage.Thisillusioniscreatedby

A

bychangingfashions.Overtheyears,thegreatmajorityofmenhavesuccessfullyresistedall

B

C

attemptstomakeitchangetheirstyleofdress.Thesamecannotbesaidforwomen.

D

【答案】試題答案：D;them

【解析】考查代詞。由“thegreatmajorityofmen”可知此處對(duì)應(yīng)的代詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

9.單選題

Ifwe（

）ourideasandresourceswemaybeabletoproduceareallygoodplan.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pour

B.plunge

C.pool

D.assemble

【答案】C

【解析】句意:如果我們集中所有的想法和資源，我們也許能制訂一個(gè)真正完美的計(jì)劃。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Pour使(液體)連續(xù)流出,傾倒,倒出,涌流;plunge使陷入,使投入;pool集中資源(或材料等);assemble集合,聚集。由關(guān)鍵詞ourideasandresources(想法和資源)可知C符合句意。

10.單選題

Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover,despitetheSupremeCourt’srulingMondayupholdingthegoalofadiversestudentbody.Highereducationleadersoverwhelminglyhailedthedecision,sayingitreaffirmedpoliciesusedbymostselectivecollegesanduniversities.Butsomecriticsraisedthepossibilityofmorelawsuits,andpromisedtocontinuepressuringtheDepartmentofEducation’sOfficeofCivilRightstoinvestigatequestionablepolicies.“We’retalkingaboutadmissionsprograms,scholarships,anyprogram,onlyforminoritiesorinwhichthestandardsusedtojudgeadmissionsaresubstantiallydifferent.”saysLindaChavez,founderandpresidentoftheCenterforEqualOpportunity,aconservativenon-profitgroup.

Otherssaythey'lltaketheircasetovoters.“Wehavetoseriouslycontestallthisattheballotbox.”SaysUniversityofCaliforniaregentWardCannerly,whohelpedwinvoterapprovalofCalifornia'sProposition209,whichprohibitsconsideringraceorgenderinpubliceducation,hiringandcontracting.Becauseofthatlaw,Monday’srulinghadnopracticalimpactinthestate.“Itmaybetimeforusto...letthe(Michigan)votersdecideiftheywanttouseraceasafactorinadmissions.”ConnerlysaidMonday.

Meanwhile,U.S.EducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush'sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction,saidtheDepartmentofEducationwill“continueexaminingandhighlightingeffectiverace-neutralapproachestoensurebroadaccesstoanddiversitywithinourpublicinstitutions.”EvenSupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connor,inoneoftheopinions,recommendedthatstateslookforsessionsinrace-neutralprogramsbeingtriedinCaliforniaandelsewhere.Whiletherulingsaidadmissionsofficialsmayconsiderraceintheselectionprocess,collegesanduniversitiesarenotobligatedtodoso.“Ultimatelyinthedebate,diversityisachoice,notalegalmandate,’’saysArthurColeman,aformerDepartmentofEducationofficialwhonowhelpscollegesanduniversitiesensureconstitutionalpolicies.

Thepublic,too,remainsconflicted,largelyalongraciallines.AccordingtoaJanuarypollbythenon-profitresearchorganizationPublicAgenda,79%ofAmericanssaiditisimportantforcollegestohavearaciallydiversestudentbody,whilejust54%saidaffirmativeactionprogramsshouldcontinue.InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites.AndsomeeducatorsdoubtthatwithMonday’sruling,thoseopposingaffirmativeactionwillchangetheirminds.

Fornow,admissionsofficialsanduniversitylawyersareporingovertherulingtodeterminehoworwhethertoadjustpolicies.Whilemosttendtobeclosed-mouthedaboutadmissionspolicies,maysaytheydon’texpectsignificantchanges.

1.Whatthecriticssaidinthefirstparagraphamountstotheideathat（

）

2.ConnerlyinsiststhattheCourt'srulingshould（

）.

3.WhatistheattitudeoftheDepartmentofEducationtowardsaffirmativeaction?

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutaffirmativeactionaccordingtothetext?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatoneofthemajorobjectivesofaffirmativeactionisto（

）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noadmissionpoliciesbasedonraceshouldbeimplemented.

B.minorityapplicantsbasedonraceshouldbeimplemented.

C.differentstandardsforadmittingminoritystudentsshouldbesetup.

D.selectivecollegesanduniversitiesshouldbepunishedfortheirdiscriminatorypolicies.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.winapprovalfromCalifornianvotersbeforeitisputineffect.

B.becontestedbytheMichiganvoterswithanopinionpoll.

C.beappliedinsomestatesbeforeitisextendedtootherstates.

D.producetheintendedpracticaleffectbeforeitiswidelyaccepted.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Neutrality

B.Objection

C.Approval

D.Indifference

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Avastmajorityofpeoplesupportit.

B.Theminoritiesclaimittobeadiscriminatorypolicy.

C.Theminoritystudentsaremorelikelytowelcomeit.

D.TheCourt’sdecisionwillcertainlychangepeople’sattitudetoit.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ensurerace-neutralprogramsaresetupincollegesanduniversities.

B.adapttheSupremeCourt’srulingtocollegesituations.

C.formulatetherightpoliciesforcollegeadmissions.

D.discouragethepracticeofracialdiscriminationincollegeadmissions.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段：Butsomecriticsraisedthepossibilityofmorelawsuits,andpromisedtocontinuepressuringtheDepartmentofEducation’sOfficeofCivilRightstoinvestigatequestionablepolicies(反對(duì)者們提出了更多訴訟的可能性，并承諾繼續(xù)向教育部民權(quán)辦公室施壓，要求其調(diào)查可疑的招生政策)。故選A(不應(yīng)實(shí)施偏向少數(shù)民族的入學(xué)政策)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。定位至第二段Connerly所說:Itmaybetimeforusto...letthe(Michigan)votersdecideiftheywanttouseraceasafactorinadmissions(我們也許應(yīng)該讓密歇根州的選民們來決定他們是否贊同將種族當(dāng)做錄取因素)。故選B。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞DepartmentofEducation定位至第三段:U.S.EducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush’sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction,saidtheDepartmentofEducationwill“continueexaminingandhighlightingeffectiverace-neutralapproachestoensurebroadaccesstoanddiversitywithinourpublicinstitutions(與布什總統(tǒng)反對(duì)贊助性行動(dòng)的立場(chǎng)(stance)一致，美國教育部長Paige說，教育部將“繼續(xù)審查并強(qiáng)調(diào)有效的種族中立政策，確保公立大學(xué)(publicinstitution)招收學(xué)生的廣泛代表性和多樣化)。故選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段指出:InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites(在判決前幾天進(jìn)行的民意測(cè)驗(yàn)中，49%的成年人說他們贊成贊助性行動(dòng)，43%的人不贊成，黑人和拉美裔比白人更傾向于這種做法)。故選C。

5.推斷題。支持贊助性行動(dòng)的人則是擔(dān)心錄取過程會(huì)出現(xiàn)種族歧視，因此才要求大學(xué)保證招收一定比例的少數(shù)民族學(xué)生。因此推斷他們希望贊助性行為可以減少大學(xué)入學(xué)時(shí)的種族歧視。

11.單選題

Thenewshippingandreceivingbuildingisa(n)（

）facility,largeenoughtomeetourgrowingneeds.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsolete

B.meager

C.expansive

D.costly

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。obsolete“淘汰，廢棄”；meager“貧乏的，缺少”；expansive“膨脹的，擴(kuò)大的”；costly“昂貴的，代價(jià)高的”；根據(jù)句意‘新的貨運(yùn)大樓非常（

），足夠滿足我們不斷增長的需求。’確定C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

She’salwaysbeenkindtome—Ican’tjustturn（）onhernowthatsheneedsmyhelp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.myback

B.myhead

C.myeye

D.myshoulder

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。turnone’sbackon為固定搭配，意為“不理會(huì)……，不肯給予……幫助”。句意：句意：她對(duì)我一直很好，現(xiàn)在她需要我的幫助，我不能不管。由搭配和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

13.單選題

TheAfricanelephant—mythicsymbolofacontinent,keystoneofitsecologyandthelargestlandanimalremainingonearth—hasbecometheobjectofoneofthebiggest,broadestinternationaleffortsyetmountedtoturnathreatenedspeciesofftheroadtoextinction.Butitisnotonlytheelephant'ssurvivalthatisatstake,conservationistssay.Unliketheendangeredtiger,unlikeeventhegreatwhales,theAfricanelephantisingreatmeasurethearchitectofitsenvironment.Asavoraciouseaterofvegetation,itlargelyshapestheforest-and-savannasurroundingsinwhichitlives,therebysettingthetermsofexistenceformillionsofotherstoriedanimals-fromzebrastogazellestogiraffesandwildebeests—thatshareitshabitatAndastheelephantdisappears,scientistsandconservationistssay,manyotherspecieswillalsodisappearfromvaststretchesofforestandsavanna,drasticallyalteringandimpoverishingwholeecosystems.

Itistheelephant'smetabolismandappetitethatmakeitadisturberoftheenvironmentandthereforeanimportantcreatorofhabitat.Inaconstantsearchforthe300poundsofvegetationitmusthaveeveryday,itkillssmalltreesandunderbrushandpullsbranchesoffbigtreesashighasitstrunkwillreach.ThiscreatesinnumerableopenspacesinbothdeeptropicalforestsandinthewoodlandsthatcoverpartoftheAfricansavannas.Theresultingpatchwork,amosaicofvegetationinvariousstagesofregeneration,inturncreatesagreatervarietyofforagethatattractsagreatervarietyofothervegetation-eatersthanwouldotherwisebethecase.

Instudiesoverthelast20yearsinsouthernKenyanearMountKilimanjaro,Dr.Westernhasfoundthatwhenelephantsareallowedtoroamdiesavannasnaturallyandnormally,theyspreadoutat"intermediatedensities."Theirforagingcreatesamixtureofsavannawoodlands(whattheAfricanscallbush)andgrassland.Theresultisahighlydiversearrayofotherplant-eatingspecies:thoselikethezebra,wildebeestandgazelle,thatgraze:thoselikethegiraffe,bushbuckandlesserkudu,thatbrowseontendershoots,buds,twigsandleaves;andplant-eatingprimateslikethebaboonandvervetmonkey.Theseherbivoresattractcarnivoreslikethelionandcheetah.

Whentheelephantpopulationthinsout.Dr.Westernsaid,thewoodlandsbecomedenserandthegrazersaresqueezedout.Whenpressurefrompoachersforceselephantstocrowdmoredenselyontoreservations,thewoodlandsthereareknockedoutandthebrowsersandprimatesdisappear.

Somethingsimilarappearstohappenindensetropicalrainforests.Intheirnaturalstate,becausetheoverheadforestcanopyshutsoutsunlightandpreventsgrowthontheforestfloor,rainforestsprovideslimpickingsforlarge,hoofedplant-eaters.Bypullingdowntreesandeatingnewgrowth,elephantsenlargenaturalopeningsinthecanopy,allowingplantstoregenerateontheforestfloorandbringingdownvegetationfromthecanopysothatsmallerspeciescangetatit.

Insuchsituations,therainforestbecomeshospitabletolargeplant-eatingmammalssuchasbongos,bushpigs,duikers,foresthogs,swampantelopes,forestbuffaloes,okapis,sometimesgorillasandalwaysahostofsmalleranimalsthatthriveonsecondarygrowth.Whenelephantsdisappearandtheforestreverts,thelargermammalsgivewaytosmaller,nimbleranimalslikemonkeys,squirrelsandrodents.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthormentionstigersandwhalesinordertoemphasizewhichpointabouttheelephant?

3.Anecessarycomponentoftheelephant'sabilitytotransformthelandscapeisits（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressestheauthorsattitudetowardthedamagetovegetationcausedbyforagingelephants?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.explainingwhyelephantsarefacingthethreatofextinction

B.explainingdifficultiesinprovidingsufficientforageforplant-eaters

C.explaininghowtheelephantsimpactonitssurroundingsaffectsotherspecies

D.distinguishingbetweensavannasandrainforestsashabitatsforelephants

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Likethem,Ufacesthethreatofextinction.

B.Itisherbivorousratherthancarnivorous.

C.Itisthelargestextantlandmammal.

D.Unlikethem,itphysicallyaltersitsenvironment.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.massiveintelligence

B.threatenedextinction

C.ravenoushunger

D.lackofgrace

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thenaturaltendencyofelephantsistocrowdtogetherinpacks

B.theelephantisdependentupontheexistenceofsmallerplant-eatingmammalsforitssurvival

C.elephantshaveanindirecteffectonthehuntingpatternsofcertaincarnivores

D.thefloorofthetropicalrainforestistooovergrowntoaccommodatelargerplant-eatingspecies

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itisanunfortunateby-productofthefeedingprocess.

B.Itisanecessarybutundesirableaspectofelephantpopulationgrowth.

C.Itfortuitouslyresultsincreatingenvironmentssuitedtodiversespecies.

D.Ithastheunexpectedadvantagethatitallowsscientistsaccesstotherainforest

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.本文主要是講述大象能夠改變居住環(huán)境,從而影響其他物種的生存,選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"tigers""whales"定位到第一段第三句"Unliketheendangeredtiger,unlikeeventhegreatwhales,theAfricanelephantisingreatmeasurethearchitectofitsenvironment."不像瀕臨滅絕的老虎,甚至不像大型鯨魚,非洲象在很大程度上是環(huán)境的建筑師。也就是說大象能夠改變環(huán)境,選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的第一句"Itistheelephant'smetabolismandappetitethatmakeitadisturberoftheenvironment"大象能夠改變環(huán)境是因?yàn)樗鼈兊男玛惔x和食欲。選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段第一句"whenelephantsareallowedtoroamdiesavannasnaturallyandnormally,theyspreadoutat"intermediatedensities.""可知,大象不是群居動(dòng)物,所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,選項(xiàng)B表達(dá)的剛好是相反的情況,所以錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)最后一段的第一句"...therainforestbecomeshospitabletolargeplant-eatingmammals..."可知選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,大象改變環(huán)境會(huì)產(chǎn)生種類繁多的食草動(dòng)物,食草動(dòng)物又吸引了食肉動(dòng)物。也就是說大象對(duì)某些食肉動(dòng)物的捕獵方式有間接影響。選項(xiàng)C符合原文內(nèi)容。

5.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,大象改變環(huán)境給其他物種創(chuàng)造了適宜其生存的環(huán)境,這是偶然性的而不是大象刻意為之的,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

14.單選題

Neverreveal________companyinformation,likeproductsintheworksorfinancialperformance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confidential

B.exclusive

C.questionable

D.quantitative

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.confidential機(jī)密的，保密的B.exclusive專有的，排他的

C.questionable可疑的，有問題的D.quantitative量化的，定量的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處作定語修飾下文的“companyinformation（公司信息）”，說明不要泄露什么樣的公司信息。由like可知，后半句的“productsintheworksorfinancialperformance（正在生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品或財(cái)務(wù)狀況）”是對(duì)此類信息的舉例，這些信息屬于公司的機(jī)密，所以不能泄露。confidential指保密的、不告訴或不與他人分享的，因此A選項(xiàng)confidential“機(jī)密的，保密的”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)exclusive“專有的，排他的”指僅供一個(gè)特定的人或群體使用或其他事物不能與其同時(shí)存在，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

C選項(xiàng)questionable“可疑的，有問題的”指懷疑某事物不準(zhǔn)確或不正確，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)quantitative“量化的，定量的”指與某物的數(shù)量有關(guān)的，不能和“productsintheworksorfinancialperformance（正在生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品或財(cái)務(wù)狀況）”相對(duì)應(yīng)。

【句意】永遠(yuǎn)不要泄露公司的機(jī)密信息，比如正在生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品或財(cái)務(wù)狀況。

15.單選題

Whenapersondies,hisdebtsmustbepaidbeforehis（）canbedistributed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradoxes

B.legacies

C.platitudes

D.analogies

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。paradoxes“悖論；矛盾的事物”；legacies“遺產(chǎn)”；platitudes“平凡；陳詞濫調(diào)”；analogies“類比；類推”，根據(jù)whenapeopledies“在一個(gè)人死的時(shí)候”和distributed“分發(fā)”，可知此處指的是遺產(chǎn)的分發(fā)。句意：一個(gè)人去世的時(shí)候，在分……之前他的債務(wù)必須償還清楚。正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

16.單選題

Hedisplayedacompletelackofcourtesyandtactindealingwithhisemployer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tenacity

B.curiosity

C.civility

D.hostility

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)tenacity“固執(zhí)”；B選項(xiàng)curiosity“好奇”；C選項(xiàng)civility“禮貌”；D選項(xiàng)hostility“敵意”。句意：他與老板打交道時(shí)，他的言行完全缺乏禮貌，一點(diǎn)都不機(jī)智圓滑。C選項(xiàng)civility“禮貌”符合與老板交流的場(chǎng)景，和courtesy“禮貌”同義，符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

LikemostotherAmericancompanieswitharigid（）,workersandmanagershavestrictlydefinedduties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vitality

B.jurisdiction

C.hierarchy

D.bureaucracy

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。vitality生機(jī)，活力；jurisdiction司法權(quán)，管轄權(quán)；hierarchy層次，層級(jí)，等級(jí)制度；bureaucracy官僚主義。句意：和大多數(shù)等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的美國公司一樣，工人和經(jīng)理們也有嚴(yán)格定義的職責(zé)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

18.單選題

Attendanceatcinemahas（

）greatlysincetheinventionofTVsets.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.droppedin

B.droppedoff

C.droppedon

D.droppedout

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)dropin“使落進(jìn)”；B選項(xiàng)dropoff“減少”；C選項(xiàng)dropon“偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)，突然拜訪”；D選項(xiàng)dropout“退出，脫離”。句意：自從發(fā)明電視機(jī)以來，看電影的人就大大減少了。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

19.單選題

Informationistheprimarycommodityinmoreandmoreindustriestoday.

By2005,83%ofAmericanmanagementpersonnelwillbeknowledgeworkers,EuropeandJapanarenotfarbehind.

By2005,halfofallknowledgeworker(22%ofthelabourforce)willchoose“flextime,flexplace”arrangements,whichallowthemtoworkathome,communicationwiththeofficeviacomputernetworks.

IntheUnitedStates,theso-called“digitaldivide”seemstobedisappearing.Inearly2000,apollfound,that,wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers,sodidfully43%ofAfrican-Americanhouseholds,andtheirnumbersweregrowingrapidly.Hispanichouseholdscontinuedtolagbehind,buttheirrateofcomputerownershipwasexpandingaswell.

Company-ownedandindustry-widetelevisionnetworksarebringingprogrammingtothousandsoflocations.BusinessTVisbecomingbigbusiness.

Computercompetencewillapproach100%inUSurbanareasbytheyear2005,withEuropeandJapannotfarbehind.

80%ofUShomeswillhavecomputersin2005,comparedwithabout50%now.

IntheUnitedStates,5ofthe10fastest-growingcareersbetweennowand2005willbecomputerrelated.Demandforprogrammersandsystemsanalystswillgrowby70%.ThesametrendisacceleratinginEurope,Japan,andIndia.

By2005,nearlyallcollegetextsandmanyhighschoolandjuniorhighbookswillbetriedtoInternetsitesthatprovidesourcematerial,studyexercises,andrelevantnewsarticlestoaidinlearning.OtherswillcomewithCD-ROMsthatoffersimilarresources.

Internetlinkswillprovideaccesstothecardcataloguesofallthemajorlibrariesintheworldby2005.ItwillbepossibletocalluponaPCscreenmillionsofvolumesfromdistantlibraries.Websitesenhancebooksbyprovidingpictures,sound,filmclips,andflexibleindexingandsearchutilities.

Implications:AnyonewithaccesstotheInternetwillbeabletoachievetheeducationneededtobuildaproductivelifeinanincreasinglyhigh-techworld.ComputerlearningmayevenreducethegrowingAmericanprisonpopulation.

Knowledgeworkersaregenerallybetterpaidthanless-skilledworkers.Theirwealthisraisingoverallprosperity.

Evenentry-levelworkersandthoseinformerlyunskilledpositionrequireagrowinglevelofeducation.Foragoodcareerinalmostanyfield,computercompetenceisamust.Thisisonemajortrendraisingthelevelofeducationrequiredforaproductiveroleintoday’sworkforce.Formanyworkerstheopportunityfortrainingisbecomingoneofthemostdesirablebenefitsanyjobcanoffer.

1.InformationtechnologyisexpectedtohaveimpactonallthefollowingEXCEPT______.

2.“digitaldivide”inthe4thparagraphrefersto______.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?

4.WhichofthefollowingareasisNOTdiscussedinthepassage?

5.Attheendofthepassage,theauthorseemstoemphasize______inanincreasinglyhigh-techworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americanmanagementpersonnel

B.Europeanmanagementpersonnel

C.Americanpeople’schoiceofcareer

D.traditionalpracticeatwork

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thegapintermsofcomputerownership

B.thetendencyofcomputerownership

C.thedividinglinebasedondigits

D.theethnicdistinctionamongAmericanhouseholds

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.By2005allcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillturnelectronic.

B.By2005printedcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbesupplementedwithelectronicmaterial.

C.By2005somecollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbeaccompaniedbyCD-ROMs.

D.By2005Internetlinksmakeworldwidelibrarysearchapossibility.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Futurecareers.

B.Natureoffuturework.

C.Ethnicdifferences.

D.Schoolsandlibraries.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thevarietyofeducation

B.thecontentofeducation

C.theneedforeducation

D.thefunctionofeducation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.InformationtechnologyisexpectedtohaveimpactonallthefollowingEXCEPT______.1.除了______以外，預(yù)計(jì)信息技術(shù)將對(duì)以下所有企業(yè)產(chǎn)生影響。

A.AmericanmanagementpersonnelA.美國管理人員

B.EuropeanmanagementpersonnelB.歐洲管理人員

C.Americanpeople’schoiceofcareerC.美國人對(duì)職業(yè)的選擇

D.traditionalpracticeatworkD.工作中的傳統(tǒng)慣例

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】原文第三段提到“到2005年，一半的知識(shí)工作者將選擇彈性時(shí)間、彈性工作地點(diǎn)的安排，這種安排允許他們?cè)诩依锕ぷ?，通過電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)與辦公室交流”，可知信息技術(shù)使得工作方式發(fā)生了改變，但D項(xiàng)“工作中的傳統(tǒng)慣例”在原文并沒有提及。因此該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“美國管理人員”和B項(xiàng)“歐洲管理人員”根據(jù)第二段“到2005年，83%的美國管理人員將是知識(shí)型員工，歐洲和日本也將緊隨其后”可知，信息技術(shù)對(duì)美國以及歐洲人事管理有所影響，這兩項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“美國人對(duì)職業(yè)的選擇”根據(jù)第八段“在美國，從現(xiàn)在到2005年，10個(gè)發(fā)展最快的職業(yè)中有5個(gè)與計(jì)算機(jī)相關(guān)”可以看出，美國人的職業(yè)選擇也會(huì)受到影響，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.“digitaldivide”inthe4thparagraphrefersto______.2.第四段中的“數(shù)字鴻溝”指的是______。

A.thegapintermsofcomputerownershipA.電腦擁有率方面的差距

B.thetendencyofcomputerownershipB.電腦所有者的趨勢(shì)

C.thedividinglinebasedondigitsC.基于數(shù)字的分界線

D.theethnicdistinctionamongAmericanhouseholdsD.美國家庭的種族差異

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至原文第四段“在美國，所謂的‘?dāng)?shù)字鴻溝’似乎正在