考研考博-英語-四川輕化工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川輕化工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Since2004,some60millionvisitorstotheUShavehadtheirtwoindexfingerprintsrecordedbyanscanner（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.opposite

B.organic

C.occasional

D.optical

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)opposite“對面的，相反的”；B選項(xiàng)organic“有機(jī)的，組織的”；C選項(xiàng)occasional“偶然的，臨吋的”；D選項(xiàng)optical‘視覺的，光學(xué)的，光讀取的”；根據(jù)被修飾詞scanner確定D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Ihadtodoafivehourwrittenexaminationonhorseandstablemanagement;butyouknowIhavetodoitinordertogetthe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.civilization

B.assimilation

C.revolution

D.qualification

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。civilization“文明，文化”；assimilation“同化，吸收”；revolution“革命，旋轉(zhuǎn)”；qualification“資格，條件”。句意：我得參加5個(gè)小時(shí)的馬匹管理課程筆試。但是你知道我是為了得到相關(guān)資質(zhì)才這樣做。只有D項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.寫作題

TherearemanyreasonsforapersonplanningtodoPhDresearch(forexample,newexperiences,careerpreparation,andincreasedknowledge).Whydoyouthinkpeopleshouldpursueadoctoraldegree?Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsaboutyouropiniononthistopic.

【答案】WhydopeoplegoforaPh.D.?Thedisinterestedreasonmostoftengivenissatisfyingtheirthirstforknowledge.Ph.D.studentsarethosewithhighdegreeofinternalmotivationthatstemsfromtheirinborncuriosityandloveofintellectualpursuits.Theyexpectthatafterobtainingtheirdegreetheywillmetamorphoseintoscholars.Forthosethetemptationofresearchingnewandexcitingsubjectsisalsoirresistible,oratleastpreferabletoallotherchoices.

So,aPhDmeansthatyouhavealotofknowledgeandinformationaboutyourfield.Yourknowl-edgeisnotonlytheoretical,butalsoofpracticaluse,andyoucanshareitwithothersforproblem-solving.Youareanexpertandspecialistinyourareaofstudy,andyoureducatedopinionwillbehighlyvaluedamongfriends,colleaguesandeventhemedia.

WithaPhDdegree,youmayhavemorecareerchoices.Atthesametime,youcangainahighersalaryandpositionwithinthecompanycomparedtocandidateswhodonothavethesameeducationallevelasyou.Furthermore,yourexpertiseinthefieldalsogivesyoutheopportunitytoacquireteach-ingpositionsatacollegeoruniversity.

TherearealsootherreasonsforpursuingaPh.D.,whicharemorepragmatic.GoingthroughyearsofstudyforaPhDdegreealsomeansthatyouwillhavebuiltupareliableanddiversesetofprofessionalnetworks.Youwillhaveworkedwithrenownedexpertsandscholarsinthefieldandwillhavemadeimportantcontactsduringconferences,allofwhomcanserveasexcellentcareerreferencesforanyjobpositions.

Inthissense,thedoctoraldegreeisnotonlyapassporttoaworldofresearchandnewknowl-edge,butalsoavaluableassetthatincreasesone’schancesforobtaininghigherpaid,moresatisfyingjobs.Itisseenasaninvestmentinone’slifeforfuturesuccessfulcareer,acertificateprovingone’sspecialabilitiesthatgivesadvantagesoftheownerinthejobmarket.

WhateverreasonsapersonmayhavewhenplanningtodoPh.D.research,theultimategoalistoenjoyabetterlife.APhDprograminvolveshardwork,rigorouscriticalthinkingskillsandalotofin-vestedtime,moneyandresearch.However,youreceivemanybenefitsandrewardsforhavingadoc-toratedegree,whetheritisforpersonalsatisfaction,socialstatus,andemploymentorforthesakeofeducationandknowledgeitself.

4.單選題

Atreacherywas______byhisevilbrotherstooverthrowhissovereigntyofthekingdom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contrived

B.congregated

C.procured

D.constituted

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項(xiàng)contrive“設(shè)計(jì)，發(fā)明，策劃”，B項(xiàng)congregate“聚集”，C項(xiàng)procure“獲得，取得，導(dǎo)致”，D項(xiàng)constitute“組成，構(gòu)成，建立”。根據(jù)句子意思“一個(gè)背叛被……由他的邪惡的兄弟，為了推翻他的王國的主權(quán)”可知，空格處應(yīng)該表示“策劃”，A項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：他邪惡的兄弟們策劃了一個(gè)陰謀來推翻他的王國主權(quán)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

People’sexpectationsaboutthefuturemayhavemoreinfluenceontheirsenseofwell-beingthantheir（）statedoes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.current

B.initial

C.modern

D.primitive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。current“現(xiàn)在的，最近的”；initial“最初的”；modern“現(xiàn)代的”；primitive“原始的”。句意：人們對未來的期望，相比他們現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，可能對他們的幸福感產(chǎn)生更大的影響。由題干中的future以及than可推知此空應(yīng)填與future相對應(yīng)的表示時(shí)間狀態(tài)的詞，故A項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Chemicalbombscarrychemicalagentssuchasnervegas,orbiologicalweaponssuchasthecontagiousdiseaseanthrax.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.infectious

B.destructive

C.mysterious

D.incurable

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.infectious傳染性的，感染的（尤指通過呼吸）B.destructive引起破壞（或毀滅）的，破壞（或毀滅）性的

C.mysterious神秘的，不易解釋的D.incurable不能治愈的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】contagious的意思為“（疾?。┙佑|傳染的”，修飾disease，指的是傳染病，infectious與之詞義相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】化學(xué)炸彈含有神經(jīng)毒氣等化學(xué)物質(zhì)，或炭疽熱傳染病等生物武器。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

1.不管大家如何看待這些趨向，多方面的努力可以澄清一點(diǎn)：科研與教育的統(tǒng)一在聯(lián)邦政府和大學(xué)的議事日程上理應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮。

2.改革是企業(yè)充滿活力的基本。

3.近朱者赤，近墨者黑。

4.他們想要說明，為什么我們具有某些性格特征和表現(xiàn)出某些行為。

5.旅館業(yè)就憂慮旅館建得太多，不愁人太多。

【答案】1.Whateverwethinkofthesetrends,variouseffortscanclarifyonepoint:theunityofresearchandeducationshouldbeapriorityontheagendaofthefederalgovernmentsanduniversities.

2.Reformisthebasisforenterprisetobefullofvitality.

3.Nearvermilion，onegetsstainedpink;nearink,onegetsstainedblack.

4.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertainpersonalitytraitsandexhibitcertainbehaviors

5.Thehotelindustryworriesthattoomanyhotelsarebeingbuilt,ratherthantoomanypeople.

8.單選題

AccordingtotheGhanaNationalNarcoticControlfourthousandGhanaiansare（）illicitdrugswhileseveralothersarereportedtobeengagedinconstantdrugtraffickingannually.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exposedto

B.attachedto

C.addictedto

D.opposedto

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)exposedto表示“接觸，暴露于”；B選項(xiàng)attachedto表示“附屬于，愛慕”；C選項(xiàng)addictedto表示“上癮，沉迷于”；D選項(xiàng)opposedto表示“反對”。分析句意可知，根據(jù)加納國家麻醉品管制局（NACOB.的報(bào)告，幾乎有4000加納人（）毒品，而每年有數(shù)千人不斷從事販毒。因此只有C選項(xiàng)最符合原文句意，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

1.Gettingtoolittlesleepforseveralnightsinarowdisruptshundredsofgenesthatareessentialforgoodhealth,includingthoselinkedtostressandfightingdisease.Testsonpeoplewhosleptlessthansixhoursanightforaweekrevealedsubstantialchangesintheactivityofgenesthatgoverntheimmunesystem,metabolism,sleepandwakecycles,andthebody’sresponsetostress,suggestingthatpoorsleepcouldhaveabroadimpactonlong?termwellbeing.

2.Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,mayshedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.’’Thesurpriseforuswasthatarelativelymodestdifferenceinsleepdurationleadstothesekindsofchanges,"saidProfessorDijk,directoroftheSurreySleepResearchCentreatSurreyUniversity,wholedthestudy.“It’sanindicationthatsleepdisruptionorsleeprestrictionisdoingmorethanjustmakingpeopletired.”

3.Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.InonesurveyofworkersinBritainmorethan5%claimedtosleepnomorethanfivehoursanight.AnothersurveypublishedintheUSin2010foundthatnearly30%ofpeopleclaimedtosleepnomorethansixhoursanight.

4.ProfessorDijk’steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years,toliveunderlaboratoryconditionsatthesleepcentrefor12days.Eachvolunteervisitedthecentreontwoseparateoccasions.Duringonevisit,theyspent10hoursanightinbedforaweek.Intheother,theywereallowedonlysixhoursinbedanight.Attheendofeachweek,theywerekeptawakeforadayandnight,oraround39to41hours.UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight,whilethoselimitedtosixhoursinbedeachnightgotonaverage5hoursand42minutesofsleep.

5.Thetimespentasleephadahugeeffectontheactivityofgenes,pickedupfrombloodtestsonthevolunteers,accordingtoareportintheUSjournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Amongthesleep-deprived,theactivityof444geneswassuppressed,while267genesweremoreactivethaninthosewhosleptforalongertime.

6.Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,whiledisruptionofothergenes,suchasthosethatgovernthebody’sinflammatoryresponse,mighthaveanimpactonheartdisease.Additionalgenesthatwereaffectedhavebeenlinkedtostressandaging.Sleeplossalsohadadramaticeffectongenesthatgovernthebody'sbiologicalclock,suggestingthatpoorsleepmighttriggeraviciouscycleofworseningsleepdisruption.Thetestsshowedthatpeoplewhosleptfor8.5hoursanighthadaround1,855geneswhoseactivityroseandfellovera24-hourcycle.Butinthesleep-deprived,nearly400ofthesestoppedcyclingcompletely.Theremainderroseandfellinkeepingwiththebiologicalclock,butoveramuchsmallerrange."Thereisafeedbacklinkbetweenwhatyoudotoyoursleepandhowthataffectsyourcircadianclock.Thatwillbeveryimportantinfutureinvestigations,”saidDijk.

7.Theresearchersdidnotcheckhowlongittookforgenestoreturntotheirnormallevelsofactivityinthesleep-deprivedvolunteers,buttheyhopetodosoinlaterstudies.Thoughscoresofgenesweredisruptedinthesleep-deprived,thescientistscannotsaywhetherthosechangesareaharmlessshorttermresponsetopoorsleep,asignofthebodyadaptingtosleep-deprivation,orarepotentiallyharmfultohealth.

8.JamesHome,professorofpsychophysiologyatLoughboroughUniversity’sSleepResearchCentre,said:"Thepotentialperilsof’sleepdebt’intoday'ssocietyandtheneedforeighthoursofsleepanightareoftenoverplayedandcancauseundueworry.Althoughthisimportantstudyseemstosupportthisconcern,theparticipantshadtheirsleepsuddenlyrestrictedtoanunusuallylowlevel,whichmusthavebeensomewhatstressfulWe

mustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep.Besides,sleepcanadapttosomechange,andshouldalsobejudgedonitsquality,notsimplyonitstotalamount.”

1.BasedonwhatisreportedintextA,Prof.Dijkseemstohavechosenthevolunteersforhissleepexperiments（

）.

2.TheresearchdescribedintextA（

）.

3.Theuseoftheverbtoclaiminparagraph3indicatesthattheresearchers（

）.

4.WhenthesleepresearcherswhoseworkisthefocusoftextAneededtofindouthowmuchsleeptheirhumanexperimentalsubjectsweregetting,they（

）.

5.AccordingtotextA,DrDijk'sresearchindicatesthatobesity（

）.

6.Prof.Home’sremarks(paragraph8)（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.primarilyfromamonguniversityundergraduateswithagreatdealoffreetime.

B.fromanagegroupinwhichphysicalgrowthhadendedandmajorundetectedhealthproblemswereunlikelytobepresent.

C.fromarandomassortmentofBritishpeople.

D.fromamongthepeoplemostlikelytosufferfrominterruptedsleeporothersleepingproblems.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.usefullyconfirmstheworkofearlierresearchersbutofferslittlethatisnew.

B.offersbiologicalclarificationofresearchdoneearlier.

C.contradictstheresultsofearlierresearch.

D.ispioneeringworkofakindneverdonebefore.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aresurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

B.havenoreasonnottobelievethatthesleepdataarecorrect.

C.thinkthatthereislittlereasontoacceptthesleepdata.

D.cannotbeabsolutelysurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.usedtechnicalmeanstoworkouthowmuchthevolunteershadreallyslept.

B.watchedthesleepingvolunteersinthelabtoseehowlongtheyslept.

C.estimatedthefiguresbyaveragingsleepdataarrivedatbyvariousmeans.

D.reliedonstatementsmadebythevolunteersusedintheexperiments.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.isthedirectresultofgettingtoolittlesleep.

B.maybethedirectresultofnotgettingenoughsleep.

C.mayresultfromorbeworsenedbyalterationsinthegenesofpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.

D.cannotbeshowntohaveanyreasonabledirectorindirectconnectionwithsleepingpatterns.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.cautionreadersnottoconcludetoomuchfromProf.Dijk’sfindings

B.emphasizetheimportanceforallhumanbeingsofgetting8hoursofsleepnightly

C.warnthatdangerousstressistheinevitableresultofgettingtoolittlesleep

D.underlinetheimportanceandvalueofProf.Dijk'sresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干意思“基于文章A中的陳述，教授Dijk為自己的睡眠實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇的自愿者似乎…”定位至第四段“ProfessorDijk'steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years...教授Dijk的團(tuán)隊(duì)要求身體都健康且年齡介于23至31歲的14位男人和12位女人……”,由此可知知B項(xiàng)“來自身體發(fā)育已停止且不太可能有主要的未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的健康問題的年齡群體”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段中“Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,may

shedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.這些對超過700個(gè)基因有影響的變化可能讓人明白睡覺過少的人患上如心臟病、糖尿病、肥胖、壓力和抑郁等疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加的生物學(xué)機(jī)制?！奔暗谌沃小癙reviousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.先前的研究顯示，每晚睡眠少于5小時(shí)的人相比睡好覺的同齡人死于各種原因的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加了15%?！钡膶?yīng)關(guān)系知B項(xiàng)“為早些時(shí)候的研究提供了生物學(xué)上的闡明”正確。

3.詞義題。claim本意指“要求；聲稱”及它在第三段的主語分別是“英國工人”和“在美國接受調(diào)研的人”,由此推測claim這個(gè)詞的使用表明研究者對睡眠對聲稱的睡眠數(shù)據(jù)不能確定，由此知D項(xiàng)“不能完全確定這些睡眠數(shù)據(jù)是精確的”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight，...(通過使用腦電圖傳感器，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)每晚睡覺十個(gè)小時(shí)的人每晚大約睡覺8.5個(gè)小時(shí)。由此可知A項(xiàng)“用技術(shù)方式去算出志愿者們真正睡眠時(shí)間是多久”正確。

5.C細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段的第一句指出:這些對超過700個(gè)基因有影響的變化可能讓人明白睡覺過少的人患上如心臟病、糖尿病、肥胖、壓力和抑郁等疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加的生物學(xué)機(jī)制。第六段:Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,...控制新陳代謝的基因發(fā)生的變化可能會引發(fā)或加劇如糖尿病或肥胖等情況……,可知c項(xiàng)“可能被睡覺很少的人的基因變化引起或惡化”正確。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第八段:Wemustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep(我們必須小心避免去推廣這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，如不能將這些發(fā)現(xiàn)推廣到習(xí)慣六小時(shí)睡眠而對自己睡眠滿意人身上),可知A項(xiàng)“告誡讀者不要從教授Dijk的發(fā)現(xiàn)上推斷太多”正確。

10.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandputaslash(/)intheblank.

【答案】1.【試題答案】simple改為simply

2.【試題答案】on改為in

3.【試題答案】frozen改為freezing

4.【試題答案】去掉being

5.【試題答案】去掉and

6.【試題答案】去掉the

7.【試題答案】去掉why

8.【試題答案】whether改為that

9.【試題答案】raising改為rising

10.【試題答案】for改為by

【解析】1.【試題解析】：此題考查詞性區(qū)分。你可能不知道霧僅僅是一種可以觸碰到地面的云，這里需要用副詞simply來修飾，simple是形容詞放在這里句意不通。

2.【試題解析】：此題考查固定搭配。inrarecases在罕見的情況下，屬于固定詞組搭配。

3.【試題解析】：此題考查動詞。below是介詞，后面應(yīng)加動詞的-ing形式，空氣的溫度在冰點(diǎn)以下。

4.【試題解析】：此題考查動詞。arebeing+形容詞表示一時(shí)的表現(xiàn)，be+形容詞表示一直這樣，在此處指的是一個(gè)既定事實(shí)，因此去掉being。

5.【試題解析】：此題考查固定詞組。themore……the+動詞的比較級，表示越多什么越怎么樣，中間不需要加連接詞。

6.【試題解析】：此題考查冠詞用法。air與前面的water形式應(yīng)當(dāng)一樣，the是定冠詞表示特指，此處是泛指空氣。

7.【試題解析】：此題考查句意理解。前面已經(jīng)有了puzzlefor，表示疑問，再用why來詢問的話太過贅述。

8.【試題解析】：此題考查whether和that引導(dǎo)主語從句的用法。它可以證明液滴在98攝氏度時(shí)會下落，因此是一個(gè)既定事實(shí)，不能用whether是否來引導(dǎo)。

9.【試題解析】：此題考查raising和rising的區(qū)別。，.通常形容自然界的物體：如潮漲,，日出以及這里的氣流上升，都是用rise而不能raise。此外,，在這里rising是分詞作形容詞使用,，rise后不能加物體,，只有sthrise而不能用risesth。.raise是及物動詞,，raisesth.，如raiseone’'shand。

10.【試題解析】：此題考查固定搭配。replacebysth用什么替換，以什么接替，replace一般與介詞by或者with搭配。

11.單選題

_____,hedoesnotloveher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ashelikesherverymuch

B.Thoughmuchhelikesher

C.Muchalthoughhelikesher

D.Muchthoughhelikesher

【答案】D

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，句子需倒裝，所以選項(xiàng)A錯誤；although和though可互換，但although在句中不需要倒裝，所以選項(xiàng)C錯誤；though在句中需要倒裝，但選項(xiàng)B語序不當(dāng)，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

12.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

中國始終秉持人類命運(yùn)共同體理念，肩負(fù)大國擔(dān)當(dāng)，同其他國家并肩作戰(zhàn)、共克時(shí)艱。中國本著依法、公開、透明、負(fù)責(zé)任態(tài)度，第一時(shí)間向國際社會通報(bào)疫情信息，毫無保留同各方分享防控和救治經(jīng)驗(yàn)。中國對疫情給各國人民帶來的苦難感同身受，盡己所能向國際社會提供人道主義援助，支持全球抗擊疫情。

【答案】Havingforgedtheideathattheworldisaglobalcommunityofsharedfuture,andbelievingthatitmustactasaresponsiblemember,Chinahasfoughtshouldertoshoulderwiththerestoftheworld.Inthespiritofopenness,transparency,responsibilityandinaccordancewiththelaw,Chinahaskepttheinternationalcommunityinformedoftheepidemicassoonaspossible,andsharedwithoutreserveitsexperienceincontainingthespreadofthevirusandtreatingtheinfected.Chinahasgreatempathywithvictimsallovertheworld,andhasdoneallitcantoprovidehumanitarianaidinsupportoftheinternationalcommunity’sendeavorstostemthepandemic.

13.單選題

Whateverthequestionshereallywantedtoaskatthereprocessingplant,though,hewouldneverallowhispersonalfeelingsto____withanassignment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interrupt

B.bother

C.interfere

D.intervene

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.interrupt打擾，插嘴；使中止B.bother搭話煩擾

C.interfere妨礙，干擾D.intervene阻撓或干擾（某事發(fā)生）

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析

【解題思路】原文空格所在部分的句意為“他都不會讓自己的個(gè)人感情____工作任務(wù)”，空格后搭配的介詞為with，因此，C選項(xiàng)interfere“妨礙，干擾”滿足題意，interferewith，指阻止某事按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或發(fā)生，在本句中指“個(gè)人感情影響工作任務(wù)的正常進(jìn)行”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)interrupt(sb/sth1)withsth2，指用某事（sth2）打擾到別人說的話或正在做的事（sth1），with后面接的是造成干擾的事，不符合原句語境；

B選項(xiàng)botherwithsth，指的是花費(fèi)時(shí)間精力（做某事）；bother表達(dá)“打擾”時(shí)是及物動詞，不需要使用介詞with；

D選項(xiàng)intervene“阻撓或干擾（某事發(fā)生）”且不與介詞with搭配。

【句意】然而，在再處理工廠，無論他真正想問什么問題，他都不會讓自己的個(gè)人感情妨礙工作任務(wù)。

14.單選題

Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocite（）qualifiedsourcesofinformationandexamples.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unbiased

B.manipulated

C.distorted

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。Unbiased公正的,無偏見的;manipulated熟練控制的；distorted扭歪的，受到曲解的；conveyed傳達(dá)的，傳輸?shù)?。句中“qualifiedsourcesofinformation”應(yīng)該指合格的信息,故A項(xiàng)unbiased“公正不偏不倚的”符合邏輯。

15.單選題

Notaskissodifficult（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatwecanaccomplishit

B.astobeunabletoaccomplishit

C.butwecanaccomplishit

D.butwecannotaccomplishit

【答案】C

【解析】句意:不管任務(wù)有多困難，我們都能完成。

語法題?？疾榉穸ň涞奶厥庥梅?。But可以表示否定意義，相當(dāng)于“that...not”，因此,butwecanaccomplishit相當(dāng)于“thatwecannotaccomplishit”。

16.單選題

OrientalRadiohasdecidedtocancelthispopstarfroma/an()broadcastforhisbreachofcontract.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lively

B.alive

C.live

D.living

【答案】C

【解析】lively活潑的，生動的；alive活著的；live活的，生動的，實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的；living現(xiàn)存的，逼真的。句意：東方電臺已決定取消這位流行歌星的現(xiàn)場廣播，因?yàn)樗`反了合同。只有選項(xiàng)C有直播的意思，所以正確。

17.單選題

Thetraditionalmarketsretaintheir____forthemanyChinesewhostillpreferfreshfoodlikelivefish,ducks,chickensoverpackagedorfrozengoods.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appeal

B.pledge

C.image

D.survival

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.appeal吸引力；感染力B.pledge保證；諾言

C.image形象；印象D.survival生存；存活

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：傳統(tǒng)市場對許多中國人仍有……，他們?nèi)匀幌矚g新鮮食品，如活魚、活鴨、活雞，而不是包裝或冷凍食品。根據(jù)邏輯，后半句講中國人喜歡新鮮食品，而傳統(tǒng)的市場就是售賣新鮮食品，由此可推出傳統(tǒng)市場對中國人仍有吸引力。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】傳統(tǒng)市場對許多中國人仍有吸引力，他們?nèi)匀幌矚g新鮮食品，如活魚、活鴨、活雞，而不是包裝或冷凍食品。

18.問答題

Themost(A)acutechallenges(B)facingthefuturearelikelytobenotonlythosepittingmanagainsthisfellowman,butthose(C)involvedhumankind’sstruggletopreservetheenvironmentandensurethe(D)sustainabilityoflifeonearth.

【答案】C；“involved”改為“involving”。

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：未來面臨的最嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)可能不僅是人與人之間的競爭，而且是涉及到人類努力保護(hù)環(huán)境和確保地球上生命的可持續(xù)性的挑戰(zhàn)。句中“those”指代上文提到的“challenges”，“involved”過去分詞作后置定語表被動，而“those”和“involve”之間是主動關(guān)系，所以將“involved”改為“involving”。

19.翻譯題

Francehasastrongregionalidentity.WhenaFrenchmantalksof”monpays"（mycountry）,heismorelikelytobereferringtotheareainwhichhegrewupthantothenationasawhole.SoNormandy（諾曼底）remainsresolutelyNorman.Brittany（布列塔尼）defiantlyBreton,andthevillagesofthesouthdecidedlycontrary.

Andbecauseofthislocalsenseofbeing,thebakerfromanotherregionbeyondthehillswillberegardedasmuchofaforeignerasthewelcomevisitorfromoverseas,clutchingaguidebook.Andregionalprideguaranteesthatshopkeepers,restaurateursandeventheoldmanplayingpetanque（滾球游戲）onadustyvillagesquarewillupgradethewelcometoanystrangerifonlytoprovethattheirregionistheonlytrueFrance.

You'llsoondiscoverthat,asmuchasthelandscape,itisthelocalfoodthatdefineseachregionofFrance.Chanceencountersaresometimesthebest一comingacrossastrawberryfairinthenorth,oranolivemarketinthesouth;happeninguponmonkstendingtheirvinesinawalledclos（莊園）fillingcuppedpalmsandanysparebottleswithmineralwaterinaspa-resort（溫泉勝地）；orwatchingthemorningcatchspillontoaharborquayside（碼頭區(qū)）.

【答案】法國每個(gè)區(qū)域都有其強(qiáng)烈的特色。當(dāng)一個(gè)法國人談起“我的國家”，他很有可能指的是他所成長的區(qū)域，而非整個(gè)法國。因此諾曼底人一定會說起諾曼底區(qū)，布列塔尼人會直率的指出他是來自布列塔尼區(qū)，以及所有南方地區(qū)的村莊都是如此。

正因?yàn)閰^(qū)域意識的存在，從山的另一邊的區(qū)域而來的面包師會被當(dāng)?shù)厝水?dāng)作手持旅行指南的外國人，或是受歡迎的海外觀光客。區(qū)域的自豪感使得店主和飯店老板，甚至是正在滿是灰塵的廣場上玩滾球游戲的老人，都會增加對任何一個(gè)陌生人的歡迎程度，只要能證明他們所在的區(qū)域才是真正的法國。

你很快就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，和地圖一樣，每個(gè)地區(qū)的食物將每個(gè)地區(qū)區(qū)分開來。有時(shí)偶然碰上的反而是最好的！比如你在北部偶遇的草莓集市，或是在南部發(fā)現(xiàn)的橄欖集市；又比如碰巧在圍墻內(nèi)的莊園中遇見僧人正在照料葡萄藤，葡萄遍布在凹陷的棕櫚植物中間，或是品嘗了在溫泉勝地中用多余的瓶子盛的礦泉水；又比如你恰巧看到清晨在碼頭區(qū)打撈后的漏網(wǎng)之魚。

20.單選題

Ⅳ.MichaelBrown’s2014deathinFerguson,Missourithrustpolice-officerinvolvedhomicidesintothepopularconsciousness.Aseriesofsubsequentofficer-involvedhomicideshaskepttheissuepoliticallyandlegallysalient.Despitethis,officialdatasourcesarethinandunreliable.Asinotherlargecities,shootingvictimsareoverwhelminglyminorities,withBlackpersonsconstitutingover80%ofvictims.Contrarytointuition,manyoftheofficershootersareminoritiesaswell.Theanalysisheresuggeststhatneitherracistmalevolencenorunconsciousbiasaffordcompleteexplanationsforwhyofficer-involvedshootingsoccur.Bothoftheseexplanatoryframeworksfocustoointensivelyuponindividualofficers’decision-makingattheexpenseofinstitutionalandsituationaldynamics.Scholarsandpolicymakersshouldfocusfarmoreintensivelyonregulatingbadpractices,ratherthanjustondiscipliningbadofficersfollowingegregiousincidents.Shiftingfocusinthiswaywillhelpidentifyconnectionsbetweeneverydaypolicingtacticsinminorityneighborhoods—suchasplainclothespolicingandaggressivestopandfrisk—andofficerinvolvedshootings.Thearticlealsoconcludesthatevidentiarychallengesmarposthocreviewofofficer-involvedshootings,whetheritisintheformofjudicialorcivilianreview.Thisalsounderscorestheimportanceofpreventiveregulation.

Thereisnoquantitativebenchmarkthatallowsonetoneatlyandobjectivelyproblematize(orrationalize)thehighnumbersofBlackandHispanicofficer-involvedshootingvictims.Claimingdisproportionalityrequiressignificantnormativejudgments.TheracialprofileofofficerinvolvedshootingvictimsintheIPRAReportsisdramaticallydisproportionatetothatofChicagoresidents.ComparableifnotquitesodramaticracialdisproportionalityholdsforothermunicipalitiesandtheUnitedStatesasawhole.ButtheIPRAReportssuggestthatthemajorityofshootingvictimswerearmedwhenshot.Thisshouldleadonetoaskwhetherthecity’soveralldemographicprofileistheproperbenchmarkformeasuringwhethershootingsareinordinatelyvisiteduponBlackandHispanicmen.Relatedisthequestionofwhatreferencepointshouldbeusedtoassesshowmanyshootingsaretoomany?Thesetwoquestionswillbefamiliartoanyonewhostudiesantidiscriminationlaw—establishingthefactofracialdisparityrequiresanappropriatecomparisongroup.Forexample,aplaintiffsuingamedicalemployerforracialdiscriminationinhiringofdoctorscouldnotpointtotheemployers’havinghiredfewerminoritiesthantheirshareofthegeneralpopulation.

1.Theunderlinedword“salient”isclosestinmeaningwith___inthesentence.

2.Whatcouldbetheintuitionreferredtobytheauthor?

3.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theauthorthinksthat___.

4.Inthelastsentence,theauthorgivesanexampleofmedicalemploymenttoillustratethat___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noticeable

B.significant

C.outwards

D.jumpingout

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ManyofthevictimsareBlack.

B.Manyoftheofficershootersareminorities.

C.ManyoftheofficershootersareWhite.

D.Manyofthevictimsareminorities.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.badofficersfollowingegregiousincidentsarenotthecauseofofficer-involvedhomicides

B.racistmalevolenceandunconsciousbiashavenothingtodowithofficer-involvedhomicides

C.individualofficers’decision-makingisthecauseofofficer-involvedhomicides

D.scholarsandpolicymakersshouldnotfocusjustondiscipliningbadofficersfollowingegregiousincidents

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thecity’soveralldemographicprofileistheproperbenchmarkformeasuring

B.establishingthefactofracialdisparityrequiresanappropriatecomparisongroup

C.Thereisnoquantitativebenchmarkthatallowsonetoproblematize(orrationalize)thehighnumbersofBlackandHispanicofficer-involvedshootingvictims

D.ComparabledramaticracialdisproportionalityholdsforothermunicipalitiesandtheUnitedStatesasawhole

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.詞義辨析題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段劃線部分句子Aseriesofsubsequentofficer-involvedhomicideshaskepttheissuepoliticallyandlegallysalient.（隨后發(fā)生的一系列與警官有關(guān)的殺人案使這個(gè)問題在政治上和法律上都很重要）此處的salient表示“很突出，很重要”；A選項(xiàng)“顯而易見的，顯著的”；B選項(xiàng)“重大的（大的，重要的足以產(chǎn)生影響或引起注意的）；有效的；有意義的；值得注意的；意味深長的”；C選項(xiàng)“向外地”；D選項(xiàng)“跳出”，C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)排除，和原文詞義不匹配，noticeable側(cè)重所描繪的事物引人注意，significant側(cè)重某事物由于特別優(yōu)秀或特別有意義而顯得重要與突出，此處significant更符合salient在句中的含義。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Contrarytointuition,manyoftheofficershootersareminoritiesaswell.（與直覺相反，許多槍擊警察的人也是少數(shù)族裔）推測出直覺為許多槍擊警察的人會是白人，選C選項(xiàng)“許多射擊警察的人是白人”；A選項(xiàng)“許多受害者是黑人”，D選項(xiàng)“許多受害者是少數(shù)民族”和受害者有關(guān)，而直覺是和槍擊警察的人有關(guān)，不匹配；B選項(xiàng)“許多槍擊警察的人都是少數(shù)民族”屬于原文中的內(nèi)容，和直覺相反，排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Scholarsandpolicymakersshouldfocusfarmoreintensivelyonregulatingbadpractices,ratherthanjustondiscipliningbadofficersfollowingegregiousincidents.（學(xué)者和政策制定者應(yīng)該更加集中精力規(guī)范不良行為，而不是僅僅在發(fā)生惡劣事件后懲戒不良官員）可知選D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)者和政策制定者不應(yīng)該只關(guān)注在惡劣事件發(fā)生后懲罰壞官員”；A選項(xiàng)“糟糕的警官在發(fā)生令人震驚的事件后并不是涉及警官的殺人案的原因”第一段未明確指出；第一段Theanalysisheresuggeststhatneitherracistmalevolencenorunconsciousbiasaffordcompleteexplanationsforwhyofficer-involvedshootingsoccur.（這里的分析表明，無論是種族主義的惡意，還是無意識的偏見，都不能完全解釋與警察有關(guān)的槍擊事件發(fā)生的原因）只是說不能完全解釋，而不是沒有任何關(guān)系，B選項(xiàng)“種族主義的惡意和無意識的偏見與警官參與的殺人案沒有任何關(guān)系，只是不能完全解釋”錯誤；Bothoftheseexplanatoryframeworksfocustoointensivelyuponindividualofficers’decision-makingattheexpenseofinstitutionalandsituationaldynamics.（這兩種解釋框架都過于集中于個(gè)別軍官的決策，而犧牲了制度和情境的動態(tài)）可知個(gè)人警官的決策并不能完全解釋與警察有關(guān)的槍擊事件發(fā)生的原因，C選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人警官的決策是涉及警官的殺人案的原因”太過片面。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段最后一句Forexample,aplaintiffsuingamedicalemployerforracialdiscriminationinhiringofdoctorscouldnotpointtotheemployers’havinghiredfewerminoritiesthantheirshareofthegeneralpopulation.（例如，一名原告起訴一名醫(yī)療雇主在雇用醫(yī)生時(shí)存在種族歧視，但不能指出該雇主雇用的少數(shù)族裔人數(shù)少于其在總?cè)丝谥?/p>