考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東司法警官職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東司法警官職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourageseniorsfromfeatheringtheirownnestsatexpenseoftheirshareholders.Thethreemostpopularreformshavebeenrecruitingmoreoutsidedirectorsinordertomakeboardsmoreindependent,linkingbosses’paytovariousperformancemeasures,andgivingbossesshareoptions,sothattheyhavethesamelong-terminterestsastheirshareholders.

ThesereformshavebeenwidelyadoptedbyAmerican’slargercompanies,andsurveyssuggestthatmanymorecompaniesarethinkingoffollowingtheirlead.Buthavetheydoneanygood?ThreepaperspresentedattheannualmeetingoftheAcademyofManagementinBostonthisweeksuggestnot.Asisusuallythecasewithboardroomtinkering,theconsequenceshavedifferedfromthoseintended.

Startwiththoseindependentboards.Onthefaceofit,dismissingtheboss’sfriendsfromtheboardandreplacingthemwithoutsiderslooksaperfectwaytomakeseniormanagersmoreaccountable.ButthatisnottheconclusionofastudybyProfessorJamesWestphal.Insteadhefoundthatbosseswithaboardroomfullofoutsidesspendmuchoftheirtimebuildingalliances,doingpersonalfavorsandgenerallypleasingtheoutsiders.

Alltoooften,theseseductionssucceed.Mr.Westphalfoundthat,toaremarkabledegree,“independent”boardspursuestrategiesthatarelikelytofavorseniormanagersratherthanshareholders.Suchcompaniesdiversifytheirbusiness,increasethepayofexecutivesandweakenthelinkbetweenpayandperformance.

Toassesstheimpactofperformancerelatedpay,Mr.Westphalaskedthebossesof103companieswithstatesofover$1billionwhatmeasurementswereusedtodeterminetheirpay.Themeasurementsvariedwidely,rangingfromsalestoearningspershare.Buttheresearcher’sbigdiscoverywasthatbossesattendtomeasuresthataffecttheirownincomesandignoreorplaydownotherfactorsthataffectacompany’soverall-success.

Inshort,bossesarequicktoturneveryimaginablesystemofcorporategovernmenttotheiradvantage—whichisprobablywhytheyarethepeoplewhoareputinchargeofthings.Hereisaparadoxforthemanagementtheorists:anybosswhocannotbeatasystemdesignedtokeephimundercontrolisprobablynotworthhaving.

1.Whatisthepurposeofthelargecompaniesinrecruitingoutsidersandputtingthemontheboardofdirectors?

2.WhatdoesProfessorJamesWestphal’sstudysuggest?

3.Theword“seduction”(Line1,Para.4)probablymeans（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheeffortstocontrolseniorexecutives?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Todiversifythebusinessofthecorporation.

B.Toenhancethecooperationbetweentheseniormanagersandtheboarddirectors.

C.Tointroduceeffectivereformsinbusinessmanagement.

D.Toprotecttheinterestsoftheshareholders.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Boardroomreformshavefailedtoachievethedesiredresult.

B.Outsideboarddirectorstendtobemoreindependent.

C.Withaboardroomfullofoutsiders,seniormanagersworkmoreconscientiously.

D.Cooperationbetweenseniormanagersandboarddirectorssufferedfromthereforms.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.effortstoconquer

B.attemptstowinover

C.endeavorstoincreaseprofits

D.exertionstounderstand

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Corporateexecutivesingeneralareworththehighpaytheyreceive.

B.Theincomeofcorporateexecutivesisproportionaltothegrowthofcorporateprofits.

C.Corporateexecutivestendtotakeadvantageoftheirpositiontoenrichthemselves.

D.Theperformanceofcorporateexecutivesaffectstheirowninterestsmorethanthoseoftheshareholders.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Doubtful

B.Optimistic

C.Positive

D.Approving

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由recruitingoutsiders定位到文章第一段第一、二句“Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourageseniors…recruitingmoreoutsidedirectorsinordertomakeboardsmoreindependent”，即美國(guó)的公司采用了三種方法來(lái)保護(hù)股東的利益。聘用更多外部人員也是方法之一。A選項(xiàng)“Todiversifythebusinessofthecorporation”意為“使公司的業(yè)務(wù)多樣化”，原文并未提及；B選項(xiàng)“Toenhancethecooperationbetweentheseniormanagersandtheboarddirectors”意為“加強(qiáng)高層管理者與董事會(huì)的合作”，原文并未提及；C選項(xiàng)“Tointroduceeffectivereformsinbusinessmanagement”意為“推行有效的企業(yè)管理改革”，這是手段不是目的；D選項(xiàng)“Toprotecttheinterestsoftheshareholders”意為“保護(hù)股東的利益”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由ProfessorJamesWestphal’sstudy定位到文章第三段第二、三句“Onthefaceofit,dismissing…ButthatisnottheconclusionofastudybyProfessorJamesWestphal”，從表面上看，從董事會(huì)解雇老板的朋友，用外部人士取代他們似乎是一個(gè)使高級(jí)經(jīng)理更負(fù)責(zé)任的完美方法。但這并不是詹姆斯?威斯特法爾教授研究得出的結(jié)論。由此可知，實(shí)際情況沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期。A選項(xiàng)“Boardroomreformshavefailedtoachievethedesiredresult”，意為“董事會(huì)的改革沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期的結(jié)果”，原本改革是為了保護(hù)股東的利益，但現(xiàn)在股東需要拉幫結(jié)派，收攏外聘者，所以沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果；B選項(xiàng)“Outsideboarddirectorstendtobemoreindependent”意為“外部董事往往更加獨(dú)立”，一開始這些股東是獨(dú)立的，但后來(lái)老板們就會(huì)建立聯(lián)盟，從而董事變得不再獨(dú)立；C選項(xiàng)“Withaboardroomfullofoutsiders,seniormanagersworkmoreconscientiously”意為“由于董事會(huì)里全是外聘者，高級(jí)經(jīng)理們工作起來(lái)更加認(rèn)真”。但這只是Onthefaceofit（表面上），實(shí)際上這不是教授得出的結(jié)論；D選項(xiàng)“Cooperationbetweenseniormanagersandboarddirectorssufferedfromthereforms”意為“高層管理人員與董事會(huì)的合作因改革受到了影響”，原文并未提及高層管理人員和董事會(huì)的合作。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由seduction定位到文章第四段第一句“Alltoooften,theseseductionssucceed”，這些誘惑往往會(huì)成功。由原文可知，theseseductions指代的是前文“bosses…spendmuchoftheirtimebuildingalliances,doingpersonalfavorsandgenerallypleasingtheoutsiders”即老板們花了大量的時(shí)間建立聯(lián)盟，做私人恩情，取悅外人。而這些都是為了把外聘者拉攏過來(lái)，加入自己的陣營(yíng)。A選項(xiàng)“effortstoconquer”意為“努力去戰(zhàn)勝”，原文并沒有說要戰(zhàn)勝誰(shuí)；B選項(xiàng)“attemptstowinover”意為“企圖爭(zhēng)取過來(lái)”，符合題意；C選項(xiàng)“endeavorstoincreaseprofits”意為“努力提高收益”，前文并沒有提及提高收益；D選項(xiàng)“exertionstounderstand”意為“努力去理解”，前文沒有理解的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)定位到文章最后一段第一句“Inshort,bossesarequicktoturneveryimaginablesystemofcorporategovernmenttotheiradvantage—whichisprobablywhytheyarethepeoplewhoareputinchargeofthings”總之，經(jīng)理們很快就將每個(gè)可想象的公司治理制度轉(zhuǎn)變成對(duì)自己有益的制度——而這可能是他們成為管理人員的原因。由此可推測(cè)，高層管理人員可能利用了自己的職位來(lái)獲利。A選項(xiàng)“Corporateexecutivesingeneralareworththehighpaytheyreceive”意為“一般來(lái)說，公司高管的高薪是值得的”，與原文不符，高管們可能通過職位謀取私利所以他們的高薪是否值得不能肯定；B選項(xiàng)“Theincomeofcorporateexecutivesisproportionaltothegrowthofcorporateprofits”意為“公司高管的收入與公司利潤(rùn)的增長(zhǎng)成正比”，原文并未提及高管的收入與公司利潤(rùn)的關(guān)系；C選項(xiàng)“Corporateexecutivestendtotakeadvantageoftheirpositiontoenrichthemselves”意為“公司高管往往會(huì)利用他們的職位來(lái)獲利”，與原文相符；D選項(xiàng)“Theperformanceofcorporateexecutivesaffectstheirowninterestsmorethanthoseoftheshareholders”意為“公司高管的績(jī)效對(duì)其自身利益的影響大于對(duì)股東利益的影響”，原文并未提及高管的績(jī)效對(duì)股東利益的影響。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。定位到文章最后一段第一句“Inshort,bossesarequicktoturneveryimaginablesystemofcorporategovernmenttotheiradvantage—whichisprobablywhytheyarethepeoplewhoareputinchargeofthings”總之，經(jīng)理們很快就將每個(gè)可想象的公司治理制度轉(zhuǎn)變成對(duì)自己有益的制度——而這可能是他們成為管理人員的原因。由此可推測(cè)，高層管理人員可能利用了自己的職位來(lái)獲利。這說明作者對(duì)控制高管所做的努力持懷疑態(tài)度，因?yàn)楦吖苋杂锌赡苤\取私利。A選項(xiàng)“Doubtful”意為“懷疑的”，符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“Optimistic”意為“樂觀的”，與原文不符；C選項(xiàng)“Positive”意為“肯定的”，與原文不符；D選項(xiàng)“Approving”意為“贊成的”，與原文不符。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Everypresidentmust（）thepresidentialoathbeforehedeliverstheinauguraladdress.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.recite

B.swear

C.declare

D.claim

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。swearanoath“宣誓”是固定搭配，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonyourAnswerSheet.

IntheU.S.,citizenstendtorelyonelectronicmediasuchasTVratherthanprintmedia.TVnewstendstoprovidenumerousvisualsandabbreviatedtextualinformation.(1)AlthoughTVnewsstoriespitch“on-the-scenereporting”,andothereye-catchingimagestoviewers,theactualstoriesaregenerallysobriefthatwerethereportstranscribedintonewspapercopy,nosinglestorywouldhaveenoughtexttocoverathirdofapage.Itisremarkabletoconsiderhowlittleinformationisconveyedbetweenalltheexcitingvisuals.(2)Itisalsoremarkabletostopandthinkabouthowinadequatelyinformedcitizensmaybeiftheirprimarysourceofpoliticalknowledgeisthepicture-richanddata-poorTVeveningnews.

Moreover,becauseU.S.mediacompaniesareprimarilyprivatelyowned,(3)mediaprofessionalsareunderpressuretopresentnewsinanentertainingwayinordertoexpandtheiraudiencesandcorrespondingadvertisingrevenues.Largeaudiencescreatehigherprofitsfromadvertisingsales.Withafewexceptions,U.S.TVandradiostationsarelikeotherbusinesses:Theyneedtogeneratemoneytocoveroperatingcostsandmakeprofits.Ifmediaprofessionalsareconvincedthatviewerswantentertainingnewsratherthanin-depthdetails,thisassumptionaffectsthekindofnewstheyproduce.Notsurprisingly,politicalscientistshavefoundthatnewscoverageofelectioncampaignstendstofocusonthepersonallivesofcandidatesratherthanonissues,and(4)whenissuesarereportedtheemphasisisoftenontheimmediateandmostdramaticimplicationsoftheissues,notonthehistorical,long-term,orglobaldimensionsofthoseissues.

Atthesametime,insofarastelevisionandInternet-basednewsmustbegeneratedquickly,timepressuresimpedeextensiveindependentinvestigations.BecauseU.S.citizensconceptualizenewsassomethingoccurringbythehourorminute,U.S.mediaprofessionalsareoftenputtingtogethernewsstoriesunderseveretimerestraints.(5)Someanalystsbelievethatthisincreasesthetendencyofreporterstogetinformationfromofficialsourcesratherthanfromthereporters’ownindependentinvestigationsofnewsworthyevents.Thinkaboutthisissuefromthestandpointofreportersandeditors.Ifyouareareporterassignedthetaskofdoingastoryonastate’snewprisonsystem,forexample,youwillfinditisquickerandeasiertogetagovernor’spressreleaseonthenewprisonthanitistogotolibraries,databanks,anduniversityresearchcenterstoinvestigatethetopiconyourown.Thisdoesnotsuggestthatinvestigativejournalismneveroccurs;rather,manyscholarsbelievethattimepressurestendtoencouragetheuseofinformationprovidedbyofficialsources(forexample,politicalleadersandtheirpresssecretaries)ratherthanthecollectionoffactsthroughongoingindependentresearch.

【答案】【參考譯文】

（1）雖然電視新聞故事多推崇“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)報(bào)道”或者其他吸人眼球的形象，但是實(shí)際上這些故事通常都很簡(jiǎn)短，要是把這些報(bào)道轉(zhuǎn)寫成報(bào)紙版面的話，它們?nèi)魏我粋€(gè)都占不了三分之一的版面。

（2）也有必要停下來(lái)思考一下：如果公民的政治知識(shí)的主要來(lái)源是圖片豐富而資料貧乏的電視晚間新聞，那么他們的知識(shí)面可能會(huì)有多窄？

（3）媒體專業(yè)人士承受著壓力，要以?shī)蕵贩绞綀?bào)道新聞，以擴(kuò)大受眾面，增加相應(yīng)的廣告收入。

（4）報(bào)道話題時(shí)，重點(diǎn)通常是話題的直接和最有戲劇性的意義，而不是從歷史、長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)或全球角度來(lái)看待那些話題。

（5）一些分析人士認(rèn)為，這使得記者更傾向于從官方渠道獲取信息，而不是從自己對(duì)具有新聞價(jià)值的事件進(jìn)行的獨(dú)立調(diào)查來(lái)獲得信息。

4.單選題

Ifyouplaywithelectricity,youmaygetanelectric______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.strike

B.beat

C.shock

D.knock

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)strike“擊，打，踢；打擊”；B選項(xiàng)beat“有規(guī)律的敲擊（聲）；（音樂、詩(shī)歌等的）節(jié)拍”；C選項(xiàng)shock“電擊”，electricshock；D選項(xiàng)knock“敲，擊；（常為無(wú)意地）碰，撞”。句意：如果你玩弄電，就可能會(huì)______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指被電打到，C選項(xiàng)shock“電擊”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

BeijingisthepoliticalcentreofChina，neverthelessitisarguablyatleastasimportantasacentreofthearts，includingsuchfieldsaspainting,dramaandfilm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.China，nevertheless

B.arguablyatleastasimportant

C.asacentreofthearts

D.includingsuchfieldsas

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】E

6.翻譯題

BrendaFarmerandWillieBlanscethavesatacrossfromeachotherontheButterballbagginglinefor17years,102cold,rawturkeysslidingbyinfrontofthemeveryminute.“MeandWillielookateachotherandsay,‘Howintheworldcananybodyeatthismuchturkey?’”

Theoddsaregoodthatyoursmaybeone.1.Thewomen,alongwithworkersatanotherButterballplanta90-minutedriveaway,helpproduceaboutathirdofthe43millionturkeysthenationwilleattoday,accordingtotheNationalTurkeyFederation.

ThiscomerofnorthwestArkansasisnotthelandoffree-runningheritagebirdsthatcommand$16apound.Aleisurelymorningbrowsingthefarmers,marketisnothowmostpeoplespendaSaturday.

2.Inthiscommunityof3,000ontheArkansasRiver,whereeveryoneischeeringontheHillbillies,thehighschoolfootballteamthatmadeittothestateplayoffs,turkeyisanindustry.AndajobattheButterballplantisoneofthemostreliableintown.

ThemedianincomeinFranklinCountyisjustover$30,000ayear.Unemploymentisat7.3percent.Everyweek,adozenorsopeopleshowupattheplantlookingforwork.Maybetwogethired,plantmanagerssaid.

Itisnoteasywork.Turkeysneedtobestunnedanddispatchedandgutted.Someonehastocuttheoilglandoutofthetail.Necksandgizzardsandlivershavetobecleanedandstuffedintoacavity.3.Duringasix-weekperiodthatbeginsinOctober,thelinerunssevendaysaweektoprocessfreshturkey.Itisaperiodpeopleintownsimplyrefertoas“fresh”,anditisgrueling.

“It’salongbattlewhenwe’reworkingfresh,butIatleastgotsomebillspaidandChristmasmoney,”Mrs.Farmersaid.“IjustsitthereandhumandsingandtalktomyfriendWillie.Wegetthroughittogether.”

【答案】1.一些婦女和工人們?cè)诰嚯x這里90分鐘車程的巴特堡養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)工作。根據(jù)美國(guó)火雞聯(lián)盟提供的數(shù)字，今天全國(guó)火雞的總消耗量將達(dá)4300萬(wàn)只，其中總量的三分之一的火雞由巴特堡的這家養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)提供。

2.阿肯色河沿岸有3000個(gè)群落。這里的每一個(gè)人都在為高中橄欖球隊(duì)希爾比利斯能進(jìn)入全國(guó)季后賽而歡呼雀躍。在這里，火雞是一項(xiàng)產(chǎn)業(yè)。

3.在從十月份起長(zhǎng)達(dá)六周的時(shí)間里，生產(chǎn)線整周整周不停地加工新鮮的火雞。小鎮(zhèn)里的人稱這段時(shí)間為“新鮮期”，這段時(shí)間的工作十分折磨人。

7.單選題

Theindividualmobility,convenience,andstatusgivenbytheprivatepassengercarofferaseeminglyunbeatableattraction.In1987,arecord126,000carsrolledoffassemblylineseachworkingday,andcloseto400millionvehicleschokeuptheworld’sstreetstoday.

Butthecar'susefulnesstotheindividualstandsinsharpcontrasttothecostsandburdensthatsocietymustshouldertoprovideanautomobile-centeredtransportationsystem.SincethedaysofHenryFord,societieshavemadeasteadystreamoflawstoprotectdriversfromeachotherandthemselves,aswellastoprotectthegeneralpublicfromtheunintendedeffectsofmassiveautomobileuse.Lawmakershavestruggledoverthecompetinggoalsofunlimitedmobilityandtheindividual’sfighttobefreeofthenoise,pollution,andphysicaldangersthattheautomobileoftenbrings.

Priortotheseventies,theauto’susefulnessandassuredroleinsocietywerehardlyquestioned.Evenworriesaboutuprisinggaspricesandfiiturefuelavailabilitysubsided（減退）intheeightiesalmostasquicklyastheyhademerged.Carsalesrecovered,drivingisup,andwealthycustomersareoncemoreshoppingforhighperformancecars.

Themotorvehicleindustry'sapparentsuccessindealingwiththechallengesoftheseventieshasobscuredtheharmfullong-termtrendsofautomobilecenteredtransportation.Risinggasolineconsumptionwillbeforelongputincreasedpressureonoilproductioncapacities.Inaddition,asmoreandmorepeoplecanaffordtheirowncarsandasmassmotorizationtakeshold,trafficjambecomesatoughproblem.Andmotorvehiclesareimportantcontributorstourbanairpollution,acidrain,andglobalwarming.

Society'sinterestinfuelsupplysecurity,theintegrityofitscities,andprotectionoftheenvironmentcallsforafundamentalrethinkingoftheautomobile’srole.Stricterfueleconomyandpollutionstandardsarethemostobviousandimmediatemeasuresthatcanbeadopted.Buttheycanonlybepartoftheanswer.Intheyearsahead,thechallengewillbetodevelopinnovative（革新的）transportationpolicies.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

2.Thephrase"rolledoffassemblylines"（Para.I,Lines2）means（）.

3.Thepassagestatesthatthereis（）.

4.Itisimpliedthattheauto'sassuredroleinsocietyis（）.

5.Stricterfueleconomyandpollutionstandardsare（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acarprovidesitsownerwithasenseofsafety.

B.Agoodcarallowsitsownertotravelfree.

C.Agoodcarindicatesitsowner'shighsocialposition.

D.Acaraddstoitsowner'sattractiveness.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A."wereturnedoutfromfactories"

B."movedalongproductionlines"

C."movedalongthestreets"

D."werelinedupinthestreets"

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.asharpcontrastbetweenthecostandusefulnessofthecars

B.asharpcontrastbetweenthecostandperformanceofthecars

C.asharpconflictbetweencardriversandtrafficrules

D.asharpcontradictionbetweentheconvenienceofcarownersandtheburdensofsociety

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.threatenedbytherisinggasprices

B.challengedbyaseriesoffundamentalproblems

C.protectedbylaw

D.firmlyestablished

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.onlypartofthesolutiontomassiveautomobileuse

B.thebestwaytocopewiththemassiveuseofcars

C.innovativetransportationpolicies

D.futurepoliciesoftheautomobileindustry

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Theindividualmobility,convenience,andstatusgivenbytheprivatepassengercarofferaseeminglyunbeatableattraction.私人轎車給個(gè)人所帶來(lái)的流動(dòng)性、便利性和地位，似乎具有無(wú)與倫比的吸引力?！庇纱丝芍?，一輛好車能夠彰顯車主較高的社會(huì)地位。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。rolloff指的是“從...復(fù)印出...”；assemblylines指的是“工廠組裝線”。車從工廠組裝線復(fù)印出，也就是說，車被一輛一輛的組裝生產(chǎn)出來(lái)，所以選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段首句“Butthecar'susefulnesstotheindividualstandsinsharpcontrasttothecostsandburdensthatsocietymustshouldertoprovideanautomobile-centeredtransportationsystem．但是汽車對(duì)個(gè)人的有用性與社會(huì)為提供一個(gè)以汽車為中心的交通系統(tǒng)所必須承擔(dān)的成本和負(fù)擔(dān)形成了鮮明的對(duì)比?！币簿褪瞧嚱o車主帶來(lái)的便利與給社會(huì)帶來(lái)的負(fù)擔(dān)之間的尖銳矛盾，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的首句“Priortotheseventies,theauto’susefulnessandassuredroleinsocietywerehardlyquestioned.在七十年代之前，汽車的實(shí)用性和它在社會(huì)中的作用幾乎沒有受到質(zhì)疑?！钡窃谧詈笠欢问拙?，作者提到“Society'sinterestinfuelsupplysecurity,theintegrityofitscities,andprotectionoftheenvironmentcallsforafundamentalrethinkingoftheautomobile’srole.社會(huì)對(duì)燃料供應(yīng)的安全性、城市完整性和對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的關(guān)注，要求我們從根本上重新思考汽車的作用?！币簿褪钦f，曾經(jīng)汽車在社會(huì)中可靠的角色現(xiàn)在受到了一系列根本問題的挑戰(zhàn)，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第二、三句“Stricterfueleconomyandpollutionstandardsarethemostobviousandimmediatemeasuresthatcanbeadopted.Buttheycanonlybepartoftheanswer.更嚴(yán)格的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性和污染標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是可以采取的最明顯和最直接的措施。但它們只是答案的一部分?！庇纱丝芍?，這只是大規(guī)模汽車使用的部分解決方案。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

8.單選題

Amtrak（美國(guó)鐵路客運(yùn)公司）wasexperiencingadownswinginridership（客運(yùn)量）alongthelinescomprisingitsrailsystem.OfmajorconcerntoAmtrakanditsadvertisingagencyDDBNeedham,werethelong-distancewesternrouteswhereridershiphadbeendecliningsignificantly.Atonetime,trainsweretheonlypracticalwaytocrossthevastareasofthewest.Trainswerefast,veryluxurious,andquiteconvenientcomparedtootherformsoftransportationexistingatthetime.However,timeschangeandtheautomobilebecameAmerica'sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.Therefore,thetaskforDDBNeedhamwastoencourageconsumerstoconsiderotheraspectsoftraintravelinordertochangetheirattitudesandincreasethelikelihoodthattrainswouldbeconsideredfortravelinthewest.

Twoportionsofthetotalmarketweretargeted:1）anxiousfliers—thoseconcernedwithsafety,relaxation,andcleanlinessand2）travel-lovers—thoseviewingthemselvesasrelaxed,casual,andinterestedinthetravelexperienceaspartoftheirvacation.Theagencythendevelopedacampaignthatfocusedontravelexperiencessuchasfreedom,escape,relaxation,andenjoymentofthegreatwesternoutdoors.Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.

Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.)Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.Resultswereimpressive.TheEmpireBuilder,whichwasfocusedoninonead,enjoyeda15percentincreaseinprofitsonitsChicagotoSeattleroute.

1.What'stheauthorspurposeinwritingthispassage?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedropinAmtrakridershipwasduetothefactthat（）.

3.Toencourageconsumerstotravelbytrain,DDBNeedhamemphasized（）.

4.Thetrainadswereplacedamongfamily-orientedTVprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericabecause（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,theEmpireBuilderenjoyedanincreaseinridershipandprofits

because（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowtheinabilityoftrainstocompetewithplaneswithrespecttospeedandconvenience

B.TostresstheinfluenceoftheautomobileonAmerica'sstandardofconvenience

C.Toemphasizethefunctionoftravelagenciesinmarketpromotion

D.Toillustratetheimportantroleofpersuasivecommunicationinchangingconsumerattitudes

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.trainswerenotsuitableforshortdistancepassengertransportation

B.trainswerenotthefastestandmostconvenientformoftransportation

C.trainswerenotasfastandconvenientastheyusedtobe

D.trainscouldnotcompetewithplanesintermsofluxuryandconvenience

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thefreedomandconvenienceprovidedontrains

B.thepracticalaspectsoftraintravel

C.theadventurousaspectsoftraintrips

D.thesafetyandcleanlinessoftraintrips

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theycouldfocusonmeaningfultravelexperiences

B.theycouldincreasetheeffectivenessoftheTVprograms

C.theirprofitscouldbeincreasedbysome15percent

D.mosttravel-loversandnervousflierswerebelievedtobeamongtheaudiences

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theattractivenessofitsnameandroutewaseffectivelyadvertised

B.itprovidedanexcitingtravelexperience

C.itspassengerscouldenjoythegreatwesternoutdoors

D.itwaswidelyadvertisedinnewspapersandmagazinesinChicagoandSeattle

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.作者意圖題。本文主要講述了美國(guó)鐵路客運(yùn)公司為應(yīng)對(duì)飛機(jī)和汽車的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)所采取的應(yīng)對(duì)策略，Amtrak將焦急的飛行者和旅游愛好者視為目標(biāo)群體，然后對(duì)其進(jìn)行廣告的投放，最終取得一定效果。故作者的意圖是強(qiáng)調(diào)廣告的勸說性功能在改變消費(fèi)者態(tài)度方面的作用。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“However,timeschangeandtheautomobilebecameAmerica'sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.然而，時(shí)代變了，汽車成為了美國(guó)方便的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。而且，航空旅行很容易就成為長(zhǎng)途旅行最快的方法?！笨芍绹?guó)鐵路客運(yùn)量下降主要是由于汽車和飛機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，火車不再是最快且最方便的交通方式。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.它強(qiáng)調(diào)了乘坐火車所獲得的體驗(yàn)，并將西方火車旅行描述為美妙的冒險(xiǎn)?！笨芍狣DBNeedham強(qiáng)調(diào)火車旅行的冒險(xiǎn)性。故C項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段“Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.這些廣告被戰(zhàn)略性地放置在以家庭為導(dǎo)向的涉及自然和美國(guó)的電視節(jié)目中，以便最有效地觸及目標(biāo)觀眾?！笨芍@些廣告投放主要是為了能讓目標(biāo)觀眾看到，而前面已經(jīng)提及目標(biāo)觀眾是travel-lovers和fliers。故D項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.)廣告展示了一些更著名的西部路線沿線可以欣賞的美麗風(fēng)景的圖片，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了這些火車的浪漫名字（帝國(guó)建造者等）?！笨芍蹏?guó)建造者號(hào)列車的客流量上升是源于列車的名字和廣告中宣稱的路線和風(fēng)景。故A項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

9.單選題

Theheavyfoghadcreatedanoptical（）thatmadetheoppositeshoreofthelakeseemcloserthanitwas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imagination

B.conclusion

C.illusion

D.impression

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。illusion“幻覺”；imagination“想象”；impression“印象”；conclusion“結(jié)論”。本句意為“濃霧造成了一種錯(cuò)覺，使湖的對(duì)岸看起來(lái)比實(shí)際更近”，幻覺使得遠(yuǎn)處的景物看起來(lái)更近。選項(xiàng)C正確。

10.單選題

Inaboutonemonth’stime,studentswillsoonfeeltrulyanddeeply________oftheircollege.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.parts

B.apart

C.part

D.one

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：在大約一個(gè)月的時(shí)間里，學(xué)生們很快就會(huì)真正深刻地感受到自己是學(xué)校的一部分。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)某物是一個(gè)整體的構(gòu)成部分時(shí)，即強(qiáng)調(diào)所屬關(guān)系時(shí)，多用partof。D選項(xiàng)oneof表示“其中之一”，不符合句意。因此答案選C。

11.單選題

Louiswasaskedto______themanwhostoleherpurse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identify

B.recognize

C.claim

D.confirm

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)identify“認(rèn)同，一致，識(shí)別”，B項(xiàng)recognize“認(rèn)出，認(rèn)可”，C項(xiàng)claim“宣稱，要求”，D項(xiàng)confirm“確認(rèn)，證實(shí)”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞themanwhostoleherpurse“偷她錢包的男人”可知，A選項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境。句意：路易斯被要求指認(rèn)偷她錢包的人。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Thetenantmustbepreparedtodecoratethehouse（

）thetermsofthecontract.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inthevicinityof

B.inquestof

C.inaccordancewith

D.incollaborationwith

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)inthevicinityof“在……附近”；B選項(xiàng)inquestof“探尋、尋求”；C選項(xiàng)inaccordancewith“根據(jù)、按照”；D選項(xiàng)incollaborationwith“與……合作”，由題干“合同條款”可知inaccordancewith“根據(jù)、按照”符合題意，句意為：根據(jù)合約，房客必須準(zhǔn)備裝飾房子。選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。

13.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Mosterroneousconclusionsbyscientistsarediscoveredduringtheprocessofpublishingtheirresearch.(41)So-called“junkscience”bypassesthissystemofpeerreview.Presenteddirectlytothepublicbypeoplevariouslydescribedas“experts”or“activists,”oftenwithlittleornosupportingevidence,this“junkscience”underminestheabilityofelectedrepresentatives,jurists,andothers—includingeverydayconsumers—tomakerationaldecisions.

(42)Byregulatorydefinition,thesefoodsmaycontainmonoglyceridesanddiglycerides,butnottriglycerides.Fromthepointofviewofsolidsciencethisdefinitionmakesnopracticalsense,giventhatthebodymetabolizesmono,di-andtriglyceridesinessentiallythesameway.Meanwhileunwaryconsumerstakethe“fat-free”labelasalicensetoeatthesefoodstoexcess,andAmericansaremoreobesenowthaneverbefore.

Amoreamusingexampleis“VitaminO,”awondersupplementadvertisedto“maximizeyournutrients,purifyyourbloodstream,andeliminatetoxinsandpoisons—inotherwords,[tosupply]alltheprocessesnecessarytopreventdiseaseandpromotehealth.”(43)Inotherwords,the60,000consumerspurchasing“VitaminO”—tothetuneof$20amonth—weretakingsaltwater!AlthoughthisproductwaslegallyexemptedfromcertainFDArequirementsbyvirtueofitsstatusasa“natural”dietsupplement,theFTCwasabletofileacomplaintagainstitin1999,basedonfalseclaimsbyitspromotersthatitwasbeingusedbyNASAastronauts.Otherwise“VitaminO”wouldstillbeoneoftheworld’sbest-sellingplacebos.

Thepotentiallastingpowerof“junkscience”isdemonstratedbythestoryofGermanphysicianSamuelHahnemann,whotookquininebackin1776toinvestigateitsuseagainstmalaria.Aftertakingquinineheexperiencedchillsandfever,whicharethesymptomsofmalaria.(44)Inthecourseoftestingthistheorywithotherherbalremedies,Hahnemanndiscoveredthatmany“natural”herbsaretoxicandmadehispatientsworse.Thereducethetoxiceffects,hedilutedtheremediesuntiltheyseemedtobeworking.Onthatbasisheformulateda“l(fā)awofinfinitesimals”statingthathigherdilutionsofherbalcuresincreasetheirmedicinalbenefits.Tobefair,Hahnemannconductedtheseexperimentsmorethan70yearsbeforescientistsunderstoodthatadilutionweakerthanonepartin6.02×1043maynotcontainevenasinglemoleculeofthedissolveds