考研考博-英語-廣西自然資源職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣西自然資源職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thefirstanimalsonthislivingsphere,theEarth,wereprimitive（）animals,andthenaround500millionyearsagotheseseaanimalsdevelopedshells.

問題1選項

A.versatile

B.marine

C.predatory

D.feasible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。versatile“多才多藝的”；marine“海生的，海產(chǎn)的”；predatory“掠奪的，掠奪成性的”；feasible“可行的”。句意：地球上第一類動物是海洋類生物，5億年前這些海洋生物逐漸長出了外殼。由后半句的“shells”可推知第一批動物是海生動物，沒有外殼；而且只有B項能修飾動物。

2.單選題

Themicroscopecan（

）theobject100timesindiameter.

問題1選項

A.magnify

B.increase

C.develop

D.multiply

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。magnify“放大，擴(kuò)大”；increase“增加”；develop“發(fā)展，開發(fā)”；multiply“增加，繁殖”。句意：顯微鏡可以把一個物體的直徑放大一百倍。A項符合題意。

3.單選題

Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumentterms,formanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalso,intime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.

Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofLight.Asweallknow,lightishot;anysourceoflight—fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.

Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnewpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthrough:theeyeball.Noknivesnostitches,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.

Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowhetried.

Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogether,tomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanhetreatedmedically.

1.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefindthat（）.

2.Thelaserbeamissostrongbecause（）.

3.Surgeonscannowcarryoutoperationswhich（）.

4.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniqueshasmeantthat（）.

問題1選項

A.medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers

B.thestudyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution

C.moreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalinstruments

D.man’swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompletely

問題2選項

A.itiscomposedofaconcentratedbeamoflight

B.itsheatisincreasedbytheheatofthesun

C.itcanbepluggedintoanordinarylightfitting

D.itsendsoutheatinmanydifferentdirections

問題3選項

A.canbeperformedsuccessfullyonlyonthehumaneye.

B.resultinlongperiodsofrecoverytimeforpatients

C.aremademuchmorecomplicatedbyusingthelaserbeam

D.resultinverylittledamagetothepatientsthemselves

問題4選項

A.inanothertenyearsweshallbeabletocurecancer

B.surgeryislikelytoimproveconsiderably

C.weshallbeabletotreatallthediseaseswesufferfrom

D.wearenowabletotreatmostformsofcancer

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段最后一句和第二段的首句，在20世紀(jì)60年代，一種新工具被開發(fā)出來，它首先對軍隊和工業(yè)有很大的實用價值，同時也及時地使手術(shù)發(fā)生了革命性的改變。這種工具就是激光。選項中只有選項D符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的最后兩句可知，激光束中的光是集中的。這意味著，本來不比普通電燈泡產(chǎn)生的能量多的光，在集中成為針尖大小的光束后，就會變得非常強(qiáng)。選項A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Noknivesnostitches,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.”不用手術(shù)刀，不用縫針，沒有不必要的傷害——真正的外科奇跡。選項D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，也許有些癌癥可以用激光治療，這只是作者的推測，并沒有真正實現(xiàn)，所以選項A和D錯誤；將來我們可以看到越來越多需要用藥物治療的病可以用激光治療，選項C表述太絕對，所以不正確；只有選項B符合原文。

4.單選題

26-30

問題1選項

A.Hewastheownerofagrocerystore.

B.Hewasaconvictlaboringatajunkyard.

C.Hestruggledunderthestrainofpoverty.

D.Helivedhappilywithhiswifeandthreekids.

問題2選項

A.Heisastockbroker.

B.Heisaninvestmentadvisor.

C.Heisthemanagerofamutualfund.

D.Heisateacheratlocalcommunitycollege.

問題3選項

A.Indecision.

B.Arrogance.

C.Ignorance.

D.Fear.

問題4選項

A.Hebeganteachingoninvestmentatcollege.

B.Hebeganreadinginvestmentbooksandthenbeganpracticing.

C.Hebeganlearninghowtobecomeasuccessfulstockbroker.

D.Hebeganinvestingbigmoneyinamutualfundeachmonth.

問題5選項

A.Manerrsaslongashestrives.

B.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.

C.Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.

D.Thegoodseamanisknowninbadweather.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】Twentyyearsago,JeffHarrishardlyseemedontheroadtowealth.(26)Hewasacollegedropoutwhostruggledtosupporthiswife,DeAnn,andthreekids,workingasagrocerystoreclerkandatajunkyardwherehemeltedscrapmetalalongsideconvicts.“Attimesweweresobrokethatwewashedourclothesinthebathtubbecausewecouldn'taffordthelaundromat.”(27)Nowhe’sa49-year-oldinvestmentadvisorandmultimillionaireinYork,SouthCarolina.

TherewasonebigreasonJeffpulledaheadofthepack:Healwaysknewhe’dberich.Therealityisthat80percentofAmericansworthatleast$5milliongrewupinmiddle-classorlesserhouseholds,justlikeJeff.

“Wantingtobewealthyisacrucialfirststep,”saysHarvEker,authorofSecretsoftheMillionaireMind.“(28)Thebiggestobstacletowealthisfear.Peopleareafraidtothinkbig,butifyouthinksmall,you’llonlyachievesmallthings.”

ItallstartedforJeffwhenhemetastockbrokerataChristmasparty.“Talkingtohim,itfeltlikediscoveringfire,”hesays.(29)“Istartedreadingbooksaboutinvestingduringmybreaksatthegrocerystore,andIbeganputting$25amonthinamutualfund.”Nexthetaughtaclassatalocalcommunitycollegeoninvesting.Hisstudentsbecamehisfirstclients,whichledtohisinvestmentpractice.(30)“Therewerelotsofstruggles,”saysJeff,“butwhatgotmethroughwasbelievingwithallmyheartthatIwouldsucceed.”

26.WhatwastrueaboutJeffHarrisdonow?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。文中講到他在廢品站和雜貨鋪工作來支持家庭生活，故選C。

27.WhatdoesJeffHarrisTwentyyearsago?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。文中講到現(xiàn)在他是一個49歲的investmentadvisor。

28.AccordingtoHarvEker,authorofSecretsoftheMillionaireMind,whatisthebiggesthurdletowealth?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。文中講到獲取財富最大的障礙是fear。

29.WhatdidJeffHarrisdoafterhemethisluckystar—astockbroker?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。他首先在雜貨店里開始學(xué)習(xí)投資方面的書，然后在本地社區(qū)大學(xué)里教投資課程，他的學(xué)生成了他的第一撥客戶。

30.WhichofthefollowingmottoswouldyouassociateJeffHarriswith?

【解析】主旨題。通過全文推理可知，Jeff最開始貧困潦倒，通過不懈努力獲得成功。

5.單選題

Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.InthiswaytheNorthAmericanIndiansproducepemmican(driedmeatgroundintopowderandmadeintocakes),theScandinaviansmakestockfishandtheArabsdrieddatesand“apricotleather”.

Allfoodsincludingwater~~cabbageandotherleafvegetablescontainsasmuchas93%water,potatoesandotherrootvegetables80%,leanmeat75%andfish,anythingfrom80%to60%,dependingonhowfattyitis.Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.

Fruitissun-driedinAsiaMinor,Greece,SpainandotherMediterraneancountries,andalsoinCalifornia,SouthAfricaandAustralia.Themethodsusedvary,butingeneral,thefruitisspreadoutontraysindryingyardsinthehotsun.Inordertopreventdarkening,pears,peachesandapricotsareexposedtothefumesofburningsulfurbeforedrying.Plums,formakingprunesandcertainvarietiesofgrapesformakingraisinsandcurrants,aredippedinanalkalinesolutioninordertocracktheskinsofthefruitslightlyandremovetheirwaxcoating,soastoIncreasetherateofdrying.

Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110°Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.

Liquidssuchasmilk,coffee,tea,soupsandeggsmaybedriedbypouringthemoveraheatedsteelcylinderorbysprayingthemintoachamberthroughwhichacurrentofhotairpasses.Inthefirstcase,thedriedmaterialisscrapedofftherollerasathinfilmwhichisthenbrokenupintosmall,thoughstillrelativelycoarseflakes.Inthesecondprocessitfallstothebottomofthechamberasafinepowder.Whererecognizableplacesofmeatandvegetablesarerequired,asinsoup,theingredientsaredriedseparatelyandthenmixed.

Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweighlessthanthesamefoodpackedincansorfrozen,andtheydonotneedtobestoredinspecialconditions.Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.Usuallyitisjustacaseofreplacingthedried-outmoisturewithboilingwater.

1.Theopen-airmethodofdryingfood（）.

2.Bacteriawhichcausefoodtogobad（）.

3.Nowadaysvegetablesaremostcommonlydried（）.

4.Driedfoods（）.

5.Housewiveslikedriedfoodsbecausethey（）.

問題1選項

A.istheonemostcommonlyusedtoday

B.wasinventedbytheAmericanIndians

C.hasbeenknownforhundredsofyears

D.tendstobeunhygienic

問題2選項

A.cannotliveinsunlight

B.arekilledbydrying

C.areinnowaydependentonthewatercontent

D.havetheiractivitygreatlyreducedbydrying

問題3選項

A.onhorizontalcylinders

B.inhot-airchambers

C.inthesunandwind

D.usingtheopentraymethod

問題4選項

A.areoftenpackedincansorfrozen

B.areusedbysoldiersandclimbers

C.needmorestoragespacethansoldiersusuallyhaveavailable

D.aremuchcheaperthancannedorfrozenproducts

問題5選項

A.arequicktoprepare

B.tastebetter

C.canbepreservedbyboilinginwater

D.lookfreshandappetizingwhencooked

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一句話Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.“幾個世紀(jì)以前，人類發(fā)現(xiàn)去除食物中的水分有助于保存食物，最簡單的方法就是將食物暴露在陽光和風(fēng)下。由此可知將食物放在室外環(huán)境中風(fēng)干的方法在幾百年前就為人所知了。故C項符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.“如果這些水分被除去，導(dǎo)致食物變壞的細(xì)菌的活動就會被抑制。故D項“通過風(fēng)干，細(xì)菌的活動被大大減少?！闭_。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第四段Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110°Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.“現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)食品是用機(jī)械干燥的。這種脫水的傳統(tǒng)方法是把食物放在室內(nèi)，熱空氣在大約110°C入口被吹到大約43°C出口。這是干燥蔬菜、肉末和魚等食物的常用方法?！惫士梢酝茢喑龀Ｓ檬覂?nèi)熱空氣來烘干蔬菜室，故B項“熱空氣室”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由最后一段中的Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.“由于這些原因，它們對攀登者、探險者和戰(zhàn)場上的士兵來說是無價的，因為他們沒有多少儲存空間?！笨芍cB項相符，故答案為B。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由最后一段中的Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.“它們也很受家庭主婦的歡迎，因為烹飪時間很短”可知選項A“很快就準(zhǔn)備好”符合題意。答案A。

6.單選題

YourParadiseusedtobeafinemagazine,butnowthatitthetasteofacompletelydifferentreadingpublicit（

）hasgonedowninquality.

問題1選項

A.deflectsfrom

B.flirtswith

C.catersto

D.hingeson

【答案】C

【解析】動詞短語詞義辨析題。A選項deflectfrom“從……偏斜”；B選項flirtwith“同…調(diào)情；不認(rèn)真考慮”；C選項caterto“迎合…口味；為…服務(wù)”；D選項hingeon“取決于……；以……為轉(zhuǎn)移”。根據(jù)句意‘你們的《天堂》雜志本應(yīng)該是一本優(yōu)秀的期刊，但是現(xiàn)在卻來滿足完全不同的公眾閱讀口味，從而導(dǎo)致明顯下降的質(zhì)量?！芍@里表示迎合公眾閱讀的口味，C選項正確。

7.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingParagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.，theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore，thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.Examplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthe19thcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.

【答案】青春期，即從童年到成年之間的這段時期，可能很長，也可能很短，這取決于社會的期望和社會對什么是成熟和成年的定義。在原始社會，青春期往往是相對較短的一段時間，而在人們受教育時間較長的工業(yè)社會，再加上反對童工的法律，青春期的時間要長得多，可能包括人生第二個十年的大部分時間。此外，隨著社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)條件的變化，在特定社會中，青春期的長度和成年身份的定義可能會發(fā)生變化。這類變化的例子如：19世紀(jì)后半葉美國邊疆的消失，更普遍的是農(nóng)業(yè)社會的工業(yè)化。

8.單選題

It’suptoyouwhethertobuythatvillaornotbutmyadviceis,beforeyourdecision,youmusthaveit（）.

問題1選項

A.overlooked

B.observed

C.scanned

D.surveyed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項overlooked“忽略”；B選項observed“觀察，注意到”；C選項scanned“掃描，細(xì)看，瀏覽”；D選項surveyed“調(diào)查”。句意：這完全取決于你是否買那幢別墅了，但我的建議是，在決定之前，你必須仔細(xì)檢查一下。根據(jù)提到的“買別墅”這件事，可知此處應(yīng)該是建議要好好檢查房子，其他選項觀察或者調(diào)查都不太合適，scan這個動詞，有表示仔細(xì)檢查的意思，因此選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

The（）ofolderpersonsisrelativelylowindevelopingcountries,butitisgrowingmuchfasterthanintheWest.

問題1選項

A.addition

B.majority

C.percentage

D.statistic

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項addition“添加，增加物”；B選項majority“多數(shù)，成年”；C選項percentage“百分比”；D選項statistic“統(tǒng)計資料，統(tǒng)計學(xué)”。句意：發(fā)展中國家的老年人（）相對較低，但其增長速度卻比西方國家快得多。這里要表達(dá)的是“老年人的比例相對較低”這個意思，因此C選項正確。

10.單選題

Thecloserelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusicscarcelyneedstobeargued.Bothareauralmodeswhichemployrhythm,rhyme,andpitchasmajordevices;tothesetheoneaddslinguisticmeaning,connotation,andvarioustraditionalfigures,andtheothercanadd,atleastintheory,alloftheseplusharmony,counterpoint（對位）,andorchestrationtechniques.InEnglishthetwoarecloselyboundhistorically.Anglo-Saxonheroicpoetryseemscertainlytohavebeenreadorchantedtoaharpist’s（豎琴師）accompaniment;theverbusedinBeowulfforsuchaperformance,theFinnepisode（逸事）,issingan,tosing,andthenoungyd,song.AmajorsourceofthelyrictraditioninEnglishpoetryisthesongsofthetroubadours.

ThedistancebetweenthegydinBeowulfandthesongsofLeonardCohenorBobDylanmayseemgreat,butisoneoftimeratherthanaesthetics.Thelyricpoemasaliteraryworkandthelyricsofapopularsongarebothstillessentiallythesamething:poetry.Whetherthetitleoftheworkbe"Gerontion,"or"YouAin'tNothin'.ButaHoundDog,"ourcriteriaforevaluatingtheworkmustremainthesame.

Themostimportantprerequisite（先決條件）forbothasignificantpoemandsignificantlyricsinapopularsongisthatthewriterbefaithfultohisownpersonalvisionortothevisionofthepoemheiswriting.Skillandcraftforwritingpoetryareindeednecessarybecausethesearetheonlymeansbywhichapoetcanpreservetheintegrityofthisvisioninthepoem.Apoetmustnot,eitherbecauseoflackofskillorbecauseofworshipofpopularity,wealth,orcriticalacclaim,gooutsideofhisownorhisownpoem’svision—onpainofwritingonlythederivative（派生物）orthetrivial.Historically,thewritersandsingersofthelyricsofpopularsongshaveseemedoftentobeincapableofpersonalvision,andtohaveconfusedbothoriginalityandmoralitywithaservile（奴性的）compliancetopopulartaste.

1.Accordingtothewriter,therelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusic（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothetext?

3.Inthetext,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

問題1選項

A.isindisputableifyouanalyzehistory

B.isadebatabletopic

C.needstobeacknowledgedmorebypoets

D.canbemadebutinalimitedway

問題2選項

A.Thedifferencesbetweenpoetryandsonglyricshavebeenoverstated.

B.Songlyricsandpoetrymustbetreatedanalyticallyasthesame.

C.Thelyricsofasongarenotdifferentfromthelyricsofpoetry.

D.Itisthetimenottheaestheticsthatisdifferentinmostpoemsandsonglyrics.

問題3選項

A.thedifferencebetweengoodpoetryandsongsandmediocreones

B.thevariouswayssongsandpoemsaresimilar

C.theshared,mostimportantevaluationcriteriainsongwritingandpoetry

D.howtoevaluateapoemandasong’svaluefromalyricalstandpoint

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞relationship定位到文章第一段，由Thecloserelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusicscarcelyneedstobeargued.InEnglishthetwoarecloselyboundhistorically（詩歌和音樂之間的密切關(guān)系幾乎不需要爭論。在英語中，兩者在歷史上有著密切的聯(lián)系）可知從歷史的角度來看，詩歌與音樂之間的關(guān)系是無可爭辯的，因此A選項符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Thelyricpoemasaliteraryworkandthelyricsofapopularsongarebothstillessentiallythesamething:poetry.（作為文學(xué)作品的抒情詩和流行歌曲的抒情詩在本質(zhì)上仍然是一回事：詩歌）可知C選項“一首歌的歌詞和詩歌的歌詞沒有什么不同”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的ourcriteriaforevaluatingtheworkmustremainthesame（我們對作品評價的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)必須保持一致）可知C選項“歌曲創(chuàng)作和詩歌中最重要的共同評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”符合題意。

11.單選題

Schoolstartedona_____colddayinFebruary.

問題1選項

A.severe

B.bitter

C.such

D.frozen

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。severe嚴(yán)峻的，劇烈的，苛刻的；bitter痛苦的，尖刻的；such這樣的，如此的；frozen凍結(jié)的；冷酷的。bitter修飾cold，為常用搭配，表示“嚴(yán)寒的”，所以選項B正確。

12.單選題

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed“Intuition”tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.

Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.

Isenberg’srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan“Aha”experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat“thinking”isinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoften“know”whatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.

Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.

1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTto（）.

2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthe“writersonmanagement”mentionedinline1,paragraph2?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisionsandManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?

4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?

問題1選項

A.speedupthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem

B.identifyaproblem

C.bringtogetherdisparatefacts

D.stipulatecleargoals

問題2選項

A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

B.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

C.Theyhavebasedtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.

D.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecision.

問題3選項

A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.

B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.

C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;MangerYdoesnot.

D.MangerYdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblem;ManagerXdoesnot.

問題4選項

A.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis.

B.Managerscannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions.

C.Managers’intuitionworkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills.

D.Intuitionenablesmanagestoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.

問題5選項

A.Anassertionismadeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.

B.Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced.

C.Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.

D.Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。通過A選項“加快產(chǎn)生問題的解決辦法”定位到原文第三段“Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.”中文翻譯：最后，經(jīng)理們可以使用直覺去繞開深入分析，從而迅速地產(chǎn)生一個可能的解決辦法。通過B選項“識別問題”定位到原文第三段“First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.”中文翻譯：首先，當(dāng)問題存在時，他們直覺地感覺到。通過C選項“整合不同的事實”定位到原文第三段“Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture.”中文翻譯：直覺的第三個功能將孤立的數(shù)據(jù)和做法綜合成一個完整的畫面。選項D“規(guī)定明確的目標(biāo)”在文章內(nèi)沒有被提及，故選D。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段“Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.”中文翻譯：然而，一般來說，這樣的作者表現(xiàn)出對直覺的理解貧乏。可知最佳答案為D選項“他們誤解了經(jīng)理們在做經(jīng)營決策中如何使用直覺”。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段“…theclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.”中文翻譯：傳統(tǒng)的理性模式——先明確目標(biāo)、評估問題、形成選擇、估計成功的可能、做決定，然后采取行動實施決定，以及“Rather...tointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.”中文翻譯為：而是……將行動合并到思考的過程中?？梢酝茢喑龃鸢高x擇C“經(jīng)理X采取行動來得到問題的解決方法；經(jīng)理Y卻不這樣”。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段“Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.”中文翻譯為：第二個方式是，經(jīng)理依賴直覺快速地執(zhí)行充分學(xué)習(xí)到的行為模式，以及“Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.”中文翻譯為：按照這種方式被使用的直覺幾乎是一種即刻的認(rèn)知過程，而在該過程中經(jīng)理認(rèn)出類似的模式。因此判斷正確答案為D“直覺能讓經(jīng)理更有效地使用他們的實踐經(jīng)驗”。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段“Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodelof…”中文翻譯為：大多數(shù)成功的高級經(jīng)理在工作管理上都不緊緊地遵循傳統(tǒng)的理性模式……以及“Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers…”中文翻譯為：而是，在他們?nèi)粘?zhàn)術(shù)策略中……可知，正確答案為B項“摒棄一種傳統(tǒng)的模式，然后介紹一種替代的選擇”。

13.單選題

Thepurchaseofahouseandacarhasbecomethe（

）ofthenewgenerationofwhite-collarworkers,alongwithholidaysoverseas.

問題1選項

A.aspiration

B.inspiration

C.attraction

D.tenacity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項aspiration“渴望；抱負(fù)”；B選項inspiration“靈感；鼓舞”；C選項attraction“吸引力；引力”；D選項tenacity“韌性；固執(zhí)”。句意：買房買車已經(jīng)成為新一代白領(lǐng)的······，當(dāng)然還有去國外度假。句中的“買房買車”、“去國外度假”符合“渴望”的內(nèi)容。因此A選項正確。

14.單選題

The352kilometer-longThamesisthelongestriverinEngland.ItisalittlerivercomparedtheNile,Amazon,orMississippi.Yet,theThameshasbeenuniqueinshapingthehistoryofEngland.

WhentheNormansconqueredEngland,therewereonlymarshybanksalongtheThames.Likethepeoplewhohadbeenlivingalongtheriver,theyusedtheThamesashighwayandbuiltthecityLondiniumonitsnorthbank.

TodaytheThamesmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Itis,forexample,a“sportingriver”torowers,butaworkingriverformenofcommerce.AndpaintersandwritersregardtheThamesasasourceofinspiration.

WhilebeingagreatbenefittoLondonandLondoners,theThamescapbeadangerousenemy.Chiefamongitsdangersisflooding.Topreventtheriverfromflooding,theworld’slargestmovablefloodbarrierwasbuiltin1972.Thebarrier’sgatescanstandeighteenmetersabovetheriver’ssurfacewhenafloodstrikes.

Rightnowlargeofficebuildings,skyscrapersandartandrecreationcomplexesarerisingtochangetheskylineofLondon.TheThameshasneverceasedtodevelop,anditwillcontinuetoplayanimportantpartinthelifeofLondoners.

1.TheauthordoesnotsaythattheThamesisagreatbenefitto（

）.

2.TheThamesis

（

）

theNile,Amazon,orMississippi.

3.TopreventtheThamesfromflooding,theLondonersbuilt

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementssupportstheideathattheThamesisofgreatimportancetothelifeofLondoners?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

問題1選項

A.rowers

B.businessmen

C.writers

D.farmers

問題2選項

A.longerthan

B.aslongal

C.shorterthan

D.notshorterthan

問題3選項

A.hydraulicmachines

B.amovablefloodbarrier

C.asteelgatebetweenconcretepiers

D.athickstonewellintheriver

問題4選項

A.TheThamesmeansdifferentthingstoDifferentpeople

B.TheThamesgivesstrengthtomanygreatpaintersandwriters