考研考博-英語-新疆機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-新疆機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Amanhastomake（）forhisoldagebyputtingasideenoughtoliveonwhenold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.supply

B.assurance

C.provision

D.adjustment

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。makeprovisionfor指為...預(yù)先采取措施,為…作好準(zhǔn)備。句意:一個(gè)人必須為自己的老年提前做準(zhǔn)備,存下足夠的錢以備老年之需。選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.翻譯題

Ifaskedtogiveoneexampleofasuccessfulinnovationinthepast10years,whatwouldcometomindfirst?Apple’sshinycoolgadgetsliketheIPhoneandtheIPad?OrtheemergenceofsocialnetworkingsitessuchastheFacebookanditsvariouscopycats?

Weadmitthesedevicesandapplicationshavegreatlychangedourlifestyle.Wehaveneverbeforefeltsoconnectedandsocialnetworkingsitesarepowerfultoolsinmotivatingpeopletotakepartinworthysocialandciviccauses.

Wechumoutoneniftygadgetafteranother,withbiggerscreensandlessbuttons.Wetweaktextandphoto-sharingsocialnetworkingsitestocreateanewproducttoshare,perhapsaudiosandvideos.Allofthesearewonderful,butwhatabouttrulygroundbreakingandvisionaryendeavorsthatwillprofoundlychangetheworldandhumanlife?

Or,issomethingwrongwithourtechnologicaldevelopment?SteveBlank,writinginTheHuffintonPost,blamedsocialnetworkingandsocialmediacompaniessuchasFacebookforstiflinginnovation.BlankteachesentrepreneurshipatStanford,ColumbiaandtheUSNationalScienceFoundationInnovationCorps.Headvisespeople,especiallyventurecapitalists(VC),whowanttocommercializeinventions.

BlankarguesthatthesuccessofFacebookandothersocialnetworkingandsocialmediacompaniesisdivertingventurecapitalfromseriousresearchwithamoreuncertainpayoff.HeistalkingaboutresearchthattrulyvisionaryVCsshouldbesupporting.

Insteadof“investinginablockbustercancerdrugthatwillpaythemnothingfor15years”,BlanksaysVCsarethrowingtheirmoneyatthelatestandpossiblygreatestsocial-mediaideathatcanrunonsmartphonesortabletsinhopesofscoringaquickreturnwhenitgoesbig.’’Inthepast,"Blankwrote,"ifyouwereasuccessfulVC,youcouldmake$100milliononaninvestmentinfivetosevenyears.Today,socialmediastartupscanreturnhundredsofmillionsorevenbillionsinlessthanthreeyears"

A1999reportintheWiremagazinepredicted,“TheconvergenceofmobilephonesandtheInternet,high-speedwirelessdataaccess,intelligentnetworks,andpervasivecomputingwillshapehowwework,shop,paybills,keepappointments,conductwars,keepupwithourchildren,andwritepoetryinthenextcentury.”Thirteenyearslater,wearealreadylivingintheworldthereportdescribed.Perhapsitistimeforustoask:Whatnow?

【答案】如果讓你舉一個(gè)過去十年成功創(chuàng)新的例子，你首先想到的會(huì)是什么？是蘋果那些炫酷的小玩意，IPhone和IPad？還是社交網(wǎng)站的出現(xiàn)，如Facebook和它的各種模仿者？

不可否認(rèn)，這些設(shè)備和應(yīng)用極大地改變了我們的生活方式。我們從未感到與他人聯(lián)系如此緊密。在激勵(lì)人們參與有價(jià)值的社會(huì)和公民事業(yè)這一方面，社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)揮著巨大的作用。

精巧小玩意一個(gè)接一個(gè)地被發(fā)明出來，屏幕越來越大，按鍵越來越小。在分享文字和圖片的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基礎(chǔ)上，我們創(chuàng)造出了可分享音頻和視頻的新產(chǎn)品。所有這一切都很棒，但什么才是真正具有開創(chuàng)性和遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)的貢獻(xiàn)，可以徹底改變世界和人類生活方式呢？

我們的技術(shù)發(fā)展是不是出了什么問題？史蒂夫·布蘭克在《赫芬頓郵報(bào)》上發(fā)文指責(zé)像Facebook這樣的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)與社交媒體公司扼殺創(chuàng)新思維。布蘭克教授創(chuàng)業(yè)課程，同時(shí)在斯坦福大學(xué)、哥倫比亞大學(xué)和美國國家科學(xué)基金會(huì)創(chuàng)新團(tuán)任職。他會(huì)為教授對象提供建議，尤其是那些想將發(fā)明商品化的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資家們。

他認(rèn)為Facebook和其他社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)及社交媒體公司的成功，使得風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本不再青睞那些回報(bào)不明朗的嚴(yán)肅研究。這些研究是真正有遠(yuǎn)見的風(fēng)投家們應(yīng)當(dāng)全力支持的項(xiàng)目。

布蘭克表示，風(fēng)投家們并沒有“投資于一種重磅炸彈式的抗癌藥物，這種藥物在15年內(nèi)不會(huì)給他們帶來任何回報(bào)”，而是把錢投在最新的、可能是最好的社交媒體創(chuàng)意上，這種創(chuàng)意可以在智能手機(jī)或平板電腦上運(yùn)行，希望在其發(fā)展壯大時(shí)能迅速獲得回報(bào)?！霸谶^去，”布蘭克寫道，“如果你是一個(gè)成功的風(fēng)投，你可以在5到7年的時(shí)間里獲得1億美元的回報(bào)。如今，社交媒體初創(chuàng)企業(yè)在不到三年的時(shí)間里就能讓投資家們獲得數(shù)億甚至數(shù)十億美元的回報(bào)?！?/p>

一則1999年發(fā)表在《線路》雜志上的報(bào)告預(yù)言道：“移動(dòng)電話和網(wǎng)絡(luò)、高速無線數(shù)據(jù)存取、智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)和普及計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)將會(huì)決定我們下個(gè)世紀(jì)工作、購物、付款、約會(huì)、戰(zhàn)爭、與孩子相處甚至創(chuàng)作詩歌的方式?！笔旰?，我們已經(jīng)生活在這個(gè)預(yù)言中。也許是時(shí)候該問問自己：下一步怎么走？

3.單選題

Ifanymanheredoesnotagreewithme,heshould（）hisownplanforimprovingthelivingconditionsofthesepeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.puton

B.putout

C.putin

D.putforward

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)puton“穿上，上演”；B選項(xiàng)putout“熄滅，伸出，出版”；C選項(xiàng)putin“插嘴，插入”；D選項(xiàng)putforward“拿出，推舉出，提出”。句意：如果這里有人不同意我的觀點(diǎn)，他應(yīng)該_____自己改善這些人生活條件的計(jì)劃。本句表達(dá)的意思為“他應(yīng)該提出自己的計(jì)劃”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.

Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.

Theconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolentorthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinesstransaction—thefirmandthecustomer—andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985,whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenew.KingCustomerruled!

1.Themarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageis,inessence,______.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Accordingtothepassage,“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”(para.1)means______.

4.WhatdoestherestorationoftheClassicCokebestillustrate?

5.Indiscussingthemarketconcept,theauthorfocuseson______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thepracticeofturninggoodsintomoney

B.makinggoodsavailableforpurchase

C.thecustomer-centeredapproach

D.aformofpersuasivesalesmanship

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Mostindustriestodayconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods.

B.Companiestodayfocusonthepreferencesofthedealers.

C.Companiesputtheconsumerinterestabovetheirowninterest.

D.Analysisoftheconsumerinterestdoesgoodtothecompanies.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tosellthelargestpossibleamountofgoods

B.totransportgoodsasefficientlyaspossible

C.todisposethesegoodsinlargequantities

D.toredesignthesegoodsforlarge-scaleproduction

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Traditionalgoodshaveastrongerappealtothemajorityofpeople.

B.Ittakestimeforanewproducttobeacceptedbythepublic.

C.Consumerswithconservativetasteareoftendifficulttoplease.

D.Productsmustbedesignedtosuitthetasteofconsumer.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itsmaincharacteristic

B.itssocialimpact

C.itspossibleconsequence

D.itstheoreticalbasis

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept（市場營銷注重顧客的需求。它首先分析顧客的喜好和需求，然后再生產(chǎn)出他們滿意的商品。這種著眼于顧客的銷售方式就是人們所說的市場營銷），說明市場營銷是以顧客為中心的銷售方式。因此C選項(xiàng)“一種以客戶為中心的方法”正確。A選項(xiàng)“把產(chǎn)品變成金錢的一種做法”，D選項(xiàng)“銷售人員說服勸導(dǎo)的一種方式”是傳統(tǒng)銷售的方式，所以A,D錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)人們的購買需求生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品”，由原文可知，這只是市場營銷的一個(gè)步驟，而不是其本質(zhì)，所以B錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)今大多數(shù)行業(yè)主要集中在商品的有效生產(chǎn)上”，由原文Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods（就在幾年前，大多數(shù)行業(yè)主要專注于產(chǎn)品的高效生產(chǎn)）可知，這是幾年前傳統(tǒng)銷售的做法，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“今天的公司關(guān)注經(jīng)銷商的喜好”，由原文themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.（制造商和經(jīng)銷商首先要努力找出消費(fèi)者想要購買的東西，然后再去生產(chǎn)提供購買。）可知，如今的公司更關(guān)注消費(fèi)者的喜好，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“公司把消費(fèi)者的利益放在自己的利益之上”，由原文Theconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolentorthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.（這個(gè)概念并不意味著商業(yè)是仁慈的，或者消費(fèi)者的滿意度優(yōu)先于公司的利潤。）可知，公司還是將自己的利益放在首位，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“對消費(fèi)者興趣的分析對公司有好處”，由原文Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.（然而，成功的商人和生產(chǎn)者認(rèn)識(shí)到，最可靠的盈利途徑是通過了解和迎合消費(fèi)者。）可知，迎合消費(fèi)者的興趣有利于公司盈利，D選項(xiàng)符合原文，所以本題選D。

3.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.（就在幾年前，大多數(shù)行業(yè)主要專注于產(chǎn)品的高效生產(chǎn)，然后依靠“有說服力的銷售技巧”來盡可能多地銷售這些產(chǎn)品。），說明“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”在文中是指“盡可能多地銷售產(chǎn)品”的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)“盡可能多地銷售產(chǎn)品”正確。B選項(xiàng)“盡可能高效地運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)品”，C選項(xiàng)“大批量地處理這些產(chǎn)品”，D選項(xiàng)“重新設(shè)計(jì)這些產(chǎn)品以便于可以大規(guī)模制造”均不符合題意，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.（然而，成功的商人和生產(chǎn)者認(rèn)識(shí)到，最可靠的盈利途徑是通過了解和迎合消費(fèi)者。），接著舉了可口可樂公司重新恢復(fù)經(jīng)典口味可樂的例子，說明恢復(fù)經(jīng)典配方是為了迎合顧客的口味。因此D選項(xiàng)“商品的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該貼合消費(fèi)者的口味”正確。A選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)型產(chǎn)品對于大多數(shù)人來說有著更強(qiáng)的吸引力”，B選項(xiàng)“一種新的產(chǎn)品為公眾所接受是需要時(shí)間的”，C選項(xiàng)“那些口味保守的消費(fèi)者最難取悅”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文可知，作者旨在向讀者介紹市場營銷這一概念的基本特征，即根據(jù)顧客的需求組織生產(chǎn)，并通過講述可口可樂公司恢復(fù)原配方這一讓人印象深刻的例子強(qiáng)化了讀者對其基本特征的了解。因此A選項(xiàng)“其主要特點(diǎn)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“其社會(huì)影響”，C選項(xiàng)“其可能帶來的后果”，D選項(xiàng)“其理論基礎(chǔ)”在文中均沒有提及，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

5.單選題

Herinterestinredecoratingthebighousekepther（

）forawholeweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrained

B.dominated

C.restricted

D.occupied

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。constrained“被強(qiáng)迫的”；dominated“占主導(dǎo)地位的”；restricted“受限制的’；occupied“使用中的；無空閑的”。句意：她熱衷于給這個(gè)大房子重新裝修，為此她會(huì)忙碌整個(gè)星期。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

Theproblemisthatthelossofconfidenceamongthesoldierscanbehighlycontagious.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spreading

B.contemptible

C.contented

D.depressing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。contagious在句中是“傳染性的，會(huì)感染的”；A選項(xiàng)spreading“擴(kuò)散的”；B選項(xiàng)contemptible“可鄙的”；C選項(xiàng)contented“滿足的，心安的”；D選項(xiàng)depressing“沉悶的，陰沉的”。句意：問題是士兵們失去信心可能會(huì)傳染。因此只有A項(xiàng)符合。

7.單選題

Mostcellsaretransparent—inotherwords,theyarenotverygoodatreflectingorabsorbinglight.Tolookatthemunderamicroscopethusrequirestrickery.Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell,ratherthanseeingthewholethinginthreedimensions.MichaelFeld,oftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,andhiscolleagues,thinktheycanchangethat.Theyhaveinventedawaytolookatcellsthatarestillalive.Moreover,theycandosointhreedimensions.Theirmethodiscalledtomographicphasemicroscopy,anditisreportedinthisweek’sNatureMethods.Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,Dr.Feld’stechniquecelebratestransparencybylookingatlightthatgetsthroughunaltered.Itdoessobymeasuringapropertycalledtherefractiveindex.

Thisindexmeasuresthespeedoflightinamaterial.(Lightzipsalongattheactual“speedoflight”,fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.)Thedifferentcomponentsofacell,thoughtransparent,havedifferentrefractiveindices.Dr.Feldandhisteamthereforesetouttomapwhatthesedifferencesare,withaviewtousingthemtodistinguishbetweencellularcomponents.

Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacelltheyuseatechniquecalledinterferometry,whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.Onehalf,knownastheobjectbeam,passesthroughthecell;theotherisdirectedalongadifferentpathandactasareference.Thelengthofthereferencepathissuchthatifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeetastheywerewhentheywereseparated.Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness.Themorethatthelightpassingthroughthesampleissloweddown,however,themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness.ItisthisphaseshiftthatgivesDr.Feld’snewformofmicroscopyitsname.

Asinglepairofbeamsdoesnot,however,produceausefulimage.Todothatrequiresscanningtheobjectbeamthroughthetargetaboutahundreddifferentways.Fromtherefractiveindexofeachpathitispossible—withtheapplicationofsomesuitablycrunchycomputingpower—toproduceathree-dimensionalimage.

Totesthisidea,Dr.Feldlookedatcervical-cancercells.Ifyouidentifythiscancerearly,thepatientwillprobablysurvive.Missit,andhe/shewilldie.Dr.Feldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod.Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus.Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.Sincecancercellsgrowrapidly,andthushaveahighdemandforproteins,itwasalikelyplacetoexpectchanges.

Dr.Feldalsohasplanstousebeamsofdifferentcolors,sinceeachcolorhasaslightlydifferentrefractiveindexinagivenmaterial.Thatwouldprovideextradataforthecomputertochewon,andprobablyresultinbetterpictures.Withenoughpictures,Dr.Feld’stechniquemaymakebiologyastransparentasthecellsitstudies.

31.Tomographicphasemicroscopyisdifferentfromtheothertricksthatlookatcellsinthat________.

32.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofthespeedoflightinmaterials?

33.Theresultofdarknessinthetechniqueofinterferometryimpliesthat________.

34.Dr.Feld’smethodcouldbeappliedintoidentifyingcancerearlyby________.

35.Thebesttitleifthepassagecouldbe________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thelightthatgetsthroughthecellsisunalteredintomographicphasemicroscopy

B.itdoesnotrequirethetrickerytokillcells

C.itisnotdependentonabsorbedorreflectedlight

D.itcouldseeallthecomponentsofthecellsfromthreedimensions

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Lightrunsthefastestwhenitpassesthroughtransparentmaterialsintherealworld.

B.Thespeedoflightcanonlybepreciselymeasuredwhenthelightistravellinginvacuum.

C.Thespeedoflightinanymaterialisslowerthantheactual“speedoflight”.

D.Thespeedoflightshiftswhenthelighttravelsthroughdifferentcells.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thereisnolightpassingthroughthesample

B.therefractiveindexofthesampleisverygreat

C.thespeedofthelightpassingthroughthesampleisveryslow

D.thetwodaughterbeamsweakeneachother

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.detectingchangesofrefractiveindicesinthecomponentsofproteinfactories

B.findingoutthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinsomepartsofthecervical-cancercells

C.examiningthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinthenucleolus

D.identifyingthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinpartofthenucleolusofthecancercells

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ImageoftheTransparentCells

B.NewTechniqueofCelebratingTransparency

C.RefractiveIndicesoftheTransparentCells

D.NewMethodofDetectingCancerCells

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】31.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,Dr.Feld’stechnique…（費(fèi)爾德博士的技術(shù)不依賴于吸收光或反射光），可知層析相顯微鏡技術(shù)最獨(dú)特的地方在于C選項(xiàng)“不依賴于吸收或反射光”，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“通過細(xì)胞的光在層析相顯微鏡中是不變的”：根據(jù)第三段第一句Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacell…whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.（為了測量細(xì)胞不同部分的折射率……這種技術(shù)包括將一束光一分為二。），可知在層析相顯微鏡技術(shù)中，通過細(xì)胞的光會(huì)變化，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“不需要技巧來殺死細(xì)胞”：根據(jù)第一段第三句Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell（許多這樣的把戲殺死了細(xì)胞，甚至那些使細(xì)胞存活的把戲也只能看到每個(gè)細(xì)胞的切片），可知不是殺死細(xì)胞才能觀察，而是在觀察的過程中殺死了細(xì)胞，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“它可以從三維空間看到細(xì)胞的所有組成部分”：文中沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Lightzipsalongattheactual“speedoflight”,fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.（只有在真空中，光以實(shí)際的“光速”移動(dòng)，才能超過任何物體的速度。），可知光在真空中最快，所以C選項(xiàng)“任何物質(zhì)中的光速都比實(shí)際的‘光速’要慢?！闭_，B選項(xiàng)“只有當(dāng)光在真空中傳播時(shí)，才能精確測量光速。”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，光通過透明材料時(shí)跑得最快?！焙虳選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)光通過不同的細(xì)胞時(shí)，光的速度會(huì)發(fā)生變化”文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段ifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeet…Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness…themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness（如果沒有樣本存在，兩個(gè)子光束相遇時(shí)的相位完全相同……波浪的波峰和波谷會(huì)相互加強(qiáng)，結(jié)果就是明亮……兩束光的相位就越不一致。波峰將落在波谷上，結(jié)果將是黑暗。），可知如果兩個(gè)子光束相遇時(shí)相位相同，波峰和波谷會(huì)相互加強(qiáng)，結(jié)果是明亮，那么如果結(jié)果是黑暗，兩個(gè)子光束相位不一致，兩個(gè)子光束就是相互削弱，所以D選項(xiàng)“兩個(gè)子光束相互削弱”正確。A選項(xiàng)“沒有光通過樣品”的結(jié)果是明亮，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“樣品的折射率非常大”文中沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“光通過樣品的速度非常慢”：通過很慢不一定是唯一原因，子光束的相位不同才是直接原因，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

34.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句Dr.Feldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod.Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus.Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.（菲爾德博士想知道，如果使用他的新方法，癌癥期間發(fā)生的變化是否會(huì)顯現(xiàn)出來。他們在細(xì)胞的核仁中找到了。這里是制造蛋白質(zhì)工廠成分的地方。），可知通過細(xì)胞核仁可以診斷癌癥，所以C選項(xiàng)“檢查核仁折光指數(shù)的變化”正確。A選項(xiàng)“檢測蛋白質(zhì)工廠成分的折射率變化”：文中指的是制造蛋白質(zhì)工廠成分的核仁，而不是這些成分，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)子宮頸癌細(xì)胞某些部位的折光指數(shù)變化”和D選項(xiàng)“識(shí)別部分癌細(xì)胞核仁的折光指數(shù)的變化”中不是觀察癌細(xì)胞的核仁，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

35.主旨大意題。本文主要在講通過層析相顯微術(shù)觀察透明細(xì)胞，包括原理和運(yùn)用，所以B選項(xiàng)“觀察透明物的新技術(shù)”正確。根據(jù)A選項(xiàng)“透明細(xì)胞的圖像”，C選項(xiàng)“透明細(xì)胞的折射率”和D選項(xiàng)“檢測癌細(xì)胞的新方法”不能概括全文，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Abenefitperformanceisaperformanceforwhichacharitableorganizationhasboughtoutatadiscountedpriceand（）fundsbysellingticketsatafullprice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.furnishes

B.raises

C.accumulates

D.contributes

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)furnishes“提供”；B選項(xiàng)raises“籌款”；C選項(xiàng)accumulates“積累”；D選項(xiàng)contribute“貢獻(xiàn)”。句意：義演是指一個(gè)慈善組織以折扣價(jià)買斷演出，并以全價(jià)出售門票來籌集資金的演出。本句表示籌集資金，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thecostofmakingtheprogramswassharedbyaconsortiumofsixpublictelevisionstations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conformation

B.association

C.patchwork

D.combine

【答案】B

【解析】句意：制作這些節(jié)目的成本由六家公共電視臺(tái)共同承擔(dān)。consortium意為“聯(lián)合，合伙”。conformation構(gòu)造，一致，符合；association協(xié)會(huì)，聯(lián)盟，聯(lián)合；patchwork拼縫物，混雜物；combine聯(lián)合企業(yè)。選項(xiàng)B與之意思最為相近。

10.填空題

Peopleareoften（1）whentheyseethatIhavefiveumbrellasintheroom.Thetruthisthattheyaren’tallmine.Severalvisitorshave（2）umbrellasintheoffice.Idon'tknowwhythis（3）

happening.MaybeIshouldputupa（4）bythedoorremindingthemtotaketheirumbrellaswhentheygo.

大意:當(dāng)他們看見房間里有5把傘的時(shí)候，通常會(huì)感到困惑。真相是，不是所有的雨傘都是我的。很多來訪者遺留到辦公室的。我不知道為什么一直會(huì)這樣。也許，我應(yīng)該在門口貼張便利貼，以提醒他們走的時(shí)候帶上雨傘。

【答案】1.puzzled

2.left

3.keeps

4.note

【解析】1.詞匯題。根據(jù)句中“當(dāng)他們看見房間里有5把傘的時(shí)候”推測,主句部分為:人們通常感到困惑。

2.詞匯題。句意:很多來訪者遺留到辦公室的。而且此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,即left。

3.詞匯題。句意:為什么這件事總在發(fā)生。空后為happening，因此填keep語義跟語法上都符合。

4.詞匯題。根據(jù)后面的remindingthemtotaketheirumbrellaswhentheygo以及前面的putup推測此處應(yīng)填note(便利貼)。

11.單選題

（）,HarryS.Trumanwasournation’sthirty-thirdPresident.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.HewasbornandraisedinMissouri

B.BornandraisedinMissouri

C.BecausehewasbornandraisedinMissouri

D.ThathewasbornandraisedinMissouri

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)“HewasbornandraisedinMissouri”，He應(yīng)該指代前面的內(nèi)容，不符合句意，可排除；B選項(xiàng)“BornandraisedinMissouri”（在密蘇里出生并長大）符合句型結(jié)構(gòu)，B選項(xiàng)正確。C、D選項(xiàng)跟A選項(xiàng)同理，可排除。因此答案為B選項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

People'sviewonqualityeducation（）fromindividualtoindividual.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.changes

B.varies

C.alters

D.transforms

【答案】B

【解析】changefrom...to…."由……改變?yōu)椤?;varyfrom...to…."從……到……不同";alterfrom...to..."由……轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?;transformfrom...to…"由……轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?。句意：人們對素質(zhì)教育的看法因人而異。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

13.單選題

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassicalmusiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbert,iscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”Asadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestra—thathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbert,isagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowithmerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Theirrecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference.Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenowaudienceithopestoattract.

46.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas______.

47.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois_______.

48.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers______.

49.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

50.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incurredcriticism

B.raisedsuspicion

C.receivedacclaim

D.arousedcuriosity

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.influential

B.modest

C.respectable

D.talented

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances

B.rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances

C.exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances

D.overestimatethevalueofliveperformances

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

B.Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

C.Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

D.Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.doubtful

B.enthusiastic

C.confident

D.puzzled

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】46.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“我們從第1段得知吉爾伯特的任命……”。根據(jù)第一段第三行Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.（至少可以說，在大多數(shù)情況下，人們的反應(yīng)是積極的）可知，人們對Gilbert的任命得到了古典樂界的一致歡呼，因此C項(xiàng)“獲得好評(píng)”符合；A項(xiàng)“招致批評(píng)”，B項(xiàng)“引起懷疑”，D項(xiàng)“激起好奇心”均錯(cuò)誤，故該題選C。

47.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“Tommasini認(rèn)為吉爾伯特作為藝術(shù)家是……”。第二段第三行提到anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim（一個(gè)樸實(shí)的音樂家，沒有那種令人敬畏的指揮家的氣質(zhì)），由此可知Tommasini認(rèn)為Gilbert是一個(gè)樸實(shí)無華、低調(diào)的音樂家，故B項(xiàng)“謙虛的”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“有影響力的”，第二段第一句提到however,isthatGilbert,iscomparativelylittleknown（相對而言，吉爾伯特鮮為人知），Gilbert鮮為人知又怎么會(huì)有影響力，所以該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“受人尊敬的”和D項(xiàng)“有天賦的”文章未提及，故該題選B正確。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“作者相信忠實(shí)的音樂觀眾是……”。第四段提到Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.（忠實(shí)的音樂會(huì)觀眾回答說，錄音不能代替現(xiàn)場表演，他們錯(cuò)過了這一點(diǎn)），由此可知，作者認(rèn)為忠實(shí)的音樂會(huì)參會(huì)者們對現(xiàn)場音樂表演有著過高的評(píng)價(jià)。故D項(xiàng)“高估現(xiàn)場表演的價(jià)值”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“忽略現(xiàn)場表演的費(fèi)用”不是作者想表達(dá)的意思；B項(xiàng)“拒絕大多數(shù)錄制的表演”，文中只是提到了相比錄音，忠實(shí)的音樂會(huì)觀眾會(huì)更傾向于現(xiàn)場表演，沒有提到他們拒絕大多數(shù)錄制的表演，有點(diǎn)過度解讀了；C項(xiàng)“夸大了現(xiàn)場表演的多樣性”沒有提到；故該題選D。

49.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干的意思是“根據(jù)文章，關(guān)于錄音下列哪項(xiàng)是正確的?”。第四段倒數(shù)第二句提到Theirrecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances（他們的唱片很便宜，到處都能買到，而且往往比今天的現(xiàn)場表演的藝術(shù)質(zhì)量要高得多），由此可推知，因?yàn)槌阋饲屹|(zhì)量比現(xiàn)場表演要高，大眾更容易接受，因此A項(xiàng)“它們的質(zhì)量往往不如現(xiàn)場音樂會(huì)”排除，B項(xiàng)“它們很容易為公眾所接受”符合題意；C項(xiàng)“它們有助于提高音樂的質(zhì)量”，文中沒有提到有助于提高音樂質(zhì)量，只是說比現(xiàn)場表演質(zhì)量高得多，這是偷換概念，因此該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“它們只包括大師作品”未提及；故該題選B。

50.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】作者態(tài)度題。題干的意思是“對于吉爾伯特在振興Philharmonic樂團(tuán)中所扮演的角色，作者覺得……”。根據(jù)文章最后兩句Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference.Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenowaudienceithopestoattract.（但這種差異的本質(zhì)是什么呢？僅僅擴(kuò)大樂團(tuán)的演奏曲目是不夠的。如果吉爾伯特和Philharmonic樂團(tuán)要想成功，他們必須首先改變美國最古老的管弦樂團(tuán)和它現(xiàn)在希望吸引的觀眾之間的關(guān)系）可知，雖然Gilbert很有才華和能力，但是要想復(fù)興交響樂團(tuán)這是不夠的，還需要改變古典交響樂和當(dāng)下聽眾的關(guān)系，表明作者對Gilbert是持懷疑的態(tài)度，因此A項(xiàng)“懷疑的”符合題意；B項(xiàng)“熱情的”，C項(xiàng)“自信的”和D項(xiàng)“迷惑的”均不符合，故該題選A。

14.單選題

Thenumberoffemalebossesoflargefirmsremainsstubbornlysmall.NotsingleoneonFrance’sCAC40shareindexoronGermany'sDAXindexisrunbyawoman.InAmerica，only15chiefexecutivesofFortune500companiesarewomen.Britaindoesbetter,butnotmuch:fiveoftheFTSE-100firmshavefemalebosses.

OnJuly6ththeEuropeanParliamentpassedaresolutioncallingforEU-widelegislationstipulatingthatatleast40%ofseatsonlistedcompanies’supervisoryboardswillbereservedforwomenby2020.Thisdoesnotobligememberstatestodoanything,butitreflectsaspreadingmood.TheGermangovernmentisconsideringwhethertoimposequotas.Americaisnot,butnewrulesfromtheSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionwillrequirefirmstorevealwhat,ifanything,theyaredoingtoincreasediversityatthetoptable.

VivianeReding,theEUcommissionerforjustice,arguesthatcompulsionistheonlywaytoovercomeentrencheddiscrimination.InMarch,sheposteda“WomenontheBoardPledgeforEurope”onherwebsite.Onlysevencompanieshavesignedupsofar.

Thereisapowerfulbusinesscaseforhiringmorewomentoruncompanies.Theyaremorelikelytounderstandthetastesandaspirationsofthelargestgroupofconsumersintheworld,namelywomen.Theyrepresentanunderfishedpooloftalent.McKinsey,aconsultancy,recentlylookedat89listedcompaniesinEuropewithaveryhighproportionofwomeninseniormanagementpostsandcomparedtheirfinancialperformancewiththeaverageforfirmsinthesameindustry.Itfoundthatthesefirmsenjoyedahigherreturnonequity,fatteroperatingprofitsandamorebuoyantshareprice.Theauthorsdescribedthecorrelationbetweenpromotingwomenanddoingwellas“striking”，thoughtheyadmittedthattheycouldnotprovewhatwascausingwhat.Itispossiblethatfirmsthatarealreadydoingwelltendtohiremorefemaledirectors.Ontheotherhand,astudybyAmyDittmarandKennethAhemoftheRossSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofMichiganfoundthatfirmsthatwereforcedtoincreasetheshareofwomenontheirboardsbymorethantenpercentagepointssawonemeasureofcorporat