考研考博-英語-新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Eversinceitsdiscovery,Plutohasneverreallyfittedin.AfterthepaleandglowinggiantNeptune,itislittlemorethanacosmicdustmite,sweptthroughthefarthestreachesofthesolarsystemonaplanetwildlytiltedrelativetotherestoftheplanets.ItissmallerthanNeptune’slargestmoon,andthearcofitsorbitissoovalthatitoccasionallycrossesitsmassiveblueneighbor’spath.

Foryears,ithasbeenseenasoursolarsystem’soddestplanet.Yesterday，however,scientistsreleasedperhapsthemostconvincingevidenceyetthatPluto,infact,isnotaplanetatall.Forthefirsttime,astronomershavepeeredintoabeltofrocksbeyondPlutounknownuntil10yearsago—andfoundaworldthatrivalsPlutoinsize.Thescientistspositthatlargerrocksmustbeoutthere，perhapsevenlargerthanPluto,meaningPlutoismorelikelythekingofthisdistantrealmofspacedetritusthanthetiniestofthenineplanets.

Whendiscoveredin1930，“Plutoatthatpointwastheonlything(thatfar)outthere,sotherewasnothingelsetocallitbutaplanet,”saysMikeBrown,anastronomerattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena.“Nowitjustdoesn’tfit.”Inonesense,thequestionofPluto’splanetarystatusisarcane,theprovinceofpocket-protectedscientistsandsun-deprivedpenpushersdeterminedtodecidesomeofficialdesignationforaballofdustandice3billionmilesaway.

Yetitisalsounquestionablysomethingmore.Fromsciencefairdioramastogovernmentfunding,planetsholdaspecialplaceinthepublicimagination,andhowPlutoiseventuallyseen—bykidsandCongressalike—couldshapewhatfuturegenerationslearnaboutthismysteriousoutpostontheedgeofthesolarsystem.Thedebatehassplittheastronomicalcommunityfordecades.EvenbeforethedistantbandofrocksknownastheKuiperBeltwasfound,Pluto’sunusualbehaviormadeitsuspicious.

Elsewhere,thesolarsystemfitintonearfamilies:therockyinnerplanets，theasteroidbelt,thehugeandgaseousouterplanets.Pluto,though,waspeculiar.WiththediscoveryoftheKuiperBelt—countlessbitsofrockandiceleftunusedwhenthewheelofthesolarsystemfirstformed—Plutosuddenlyseemedtohavecousins.Yetuntilyesterday,itheldtoitsplanetarydistinctionbecauseitwasfarlargerthananythinglocatedthere.

TherubnowisQuaoar(pronouncedKWAH-oar),1billionmilesbeyondPlutoandroughlyhalfaslarge.NamedafterthecreationforceofthetribethatoriginallyinhabitedtheLosAngelesbasin,Quaoarforecastsproblemsfortheerstwhileninthplanet,saysdiscovererDr.Brown:“ThecaseisgoingtogetalothardertodefendthedaysomebodyfindssomethinglargerthanPluto,”

Tosome,theproblemisnotwithPluto,butthedefinitionof“planet.”Inshort，thereisnone.TotheGreeks,whocoinedtheterm,itmeant“wanderer,”describingthewaythattheplanetsmovedacrossthenightskydifferentlyfromthestarsbehindthem.Today,withourmorenuancedunderstandingoftheuniverse,thewordnolongerhasmuchscientificmeaning.

NewYork’sHaydenPlanetariumcausedacommotiontwoyearsagobysupposedlydemotingPluto,lumpingitwiththeKuiperBeltobjectsinitshugemobileofthesolarsystem.Inreality,however,theplanetariumwasmakingamuchbroaderstatement,saysNellDegrasseTyson,anastrophysicistthere.Thetextbooksofthefutureshouldfocusmoreonfamiliesoflikeobjectsthan“planets.”ThediscoveryofQuaoarstrengthensthisidea:“Everyoneneedstorethinkthestructureofoursolarsystem,”hesays.“We’vejuststoppedcountingplanets.’’

Still,manyareloathtopartwiththeplanetPluto.TheynotethatPluto,infact,isdistinctfrommanyKuiperBeltobjects.Ithasathinatmosphere,forone.Itreflectsagreatdealoflight,whilemostKuiperBeltobjectsareverydark.AndunlikeallbutahandfulofknownKuiperBeltobjects，ithasamoon.“MaybePluto，then,shouldberepresentativeofanewclassofplanets,”saysMarkSykes,anastronomerattheUniversityofArizonainTucson.“It’sthefirstexample,andwearejustbeginningtofindthiscategory.”

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

2.FromwhenwasPlutoseriouslyquestionedaboutitsplanetarystatus?

3.Thesentence“Inshort，thereisnone.”(Para.7)canbeparaphrasedaswhichofthefollowing?

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesnotsupportthestatementthatPlutoisour“solarSystem’soddestplanet”?

5.Theword“commotion”intheexpression“NewYork’sHaydenPlanetariumcausedacommotiontwoyearsago”(Para.8)canbereplacedby________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.RockslargerthanPlutohavebeenfoundintheKuiperBelt.

B.TheKuiperBeltdidnotexistwhenPlutowasfirstdiscovered.

C.TheastronomersaredividedwithregardtothestatusofPluto.

D.ThereisalmostnodifferencebetweenPlutoandotherKuiperBeltobjects.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Asearlyas1930.

B.Morethanadecadeago.

C.WhentheKuiperBeltwasdiscovered.

D.WhenQuaoarwasdiscovered.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ThereisnoproblemwithPluto’splanetarystatus.

B.ThereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenPlutoandotherplanets.

C.Thereisyetnoscientificdefinitionoftheterm“planet.”

D.Thereisnocleardistinctionbetweenplanetsandstars.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itisfarthestfromthesun.

B.Itisunusuallysmall.

C.Itsorbitistoooval.

D.Itmainlyconsistsofdustandice.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.exchangeofopinions

B.thoroughinvestigation

C.wildimagination

D.agitatedconfusion

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Thedebatehassplittheastronomicalcommunityfordecades.”，對冥王星的定位問題，幾十年來爭論一直存在于天文界。所以天文學(xué)家對冥王星的地位意見不一。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“however,scientistsreleasedperhapsthemostconvincingevidenceyetthatPluto,infact,isnotaplanetatall.Forthefirsttime,astronomershavepeeredintoabeltofrocksbeyondPlutounknownuntil10yearsago—andfoundaworldthatrivalsPlutoinsize.”，可知，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了能夠證明冥王星不是行星的證據(jù)，天文學(xué)家直到十年前觀察了冥王星以外的巖石帶，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個大小和冥王星差不多的世界。根據(jù)文章第四段，“EvenbeforethedistantbandofrocksknownastheKuiperBeltwasfound”，可知這些巖石帶是被叫做凱伯帶。所以在凱伯巖石帶被發(fā)現(xiàn)的時候，就產(chǎn)生了懷疑。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第七段一二句，“Tosome,theproblemisnotwithPluto,butthedefinitionof“planet.”Inshort，thereisnone.”，可知問題不在于冥王星，而是對于行星的定義，反正沒人能說得清楚，可推測對“行星”這一詞匯還沒有科學(xué)的定義。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Plutohasneverreallyfittedin…itislittlemorethanacosmicdustmite,sweptthroughthefarthestreachesofthesolarsystemonaplanetwildlytiltedrelativetotherestoftheplanets.ItissmallerthanNeptune’slargestmoon,andthearcofitsorbitissooval...”，可知人們把冥王星看作一個奇怪的行星的原因有：橫掃太陽系最遠(yuǎn)的地方、比海王星最大的衛(wèi)星要小、軌道是橢圓形的。所以并沒有提到它是由冰和塵埃組成，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.詞義題。根據(jù)文章第八段，“demotingPluto,lumpingitwiththeKuiperBeltobjectsinitshugemobileofthesolarsystem.”，海頓天文館是把冥王星降級，把它歸類為太陽系中庫伯帶小星體。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“TheynotethatPluto,infact,isdistinctfrommanyKuiperBeltobjects.”，可知他們發(fā)現(xiàn)冥王星與庫伯帶小行星中的很多星體又有明顯的不同。所以海頓天文館的這一舉動引來了更多的困惑和混亂。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Inhisspeech,thepresidentemphasizedthatthechallengetoman’sfuturecanneverbemetbymaking______adjustmentshereandthere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adventurous

B.assiduous

C.marginal

D.moderate

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)adventurous“愛冒險的，大膽的，充滿危險的”，B項(xiàng)assiduous“刻苦的，勤勉的”，C項(xiàng)marginal“微不足道的，不重要的，邊緣的”，D項(xiàng)moderate“穩(wěn)健的，溫和的，適度的”。根據(jù)句子意思“在他的演講中，總統(tǒng)強(qiáng)調(diào)，人類未來的挑戰(zhàn)永遠(yuǎn)不能通過到處的……調(diào)整來應(yīng)對”可知，四個選項(xiàng)中只有marginal符合語境。句意：總統(tǒng)在演講中強(qiáng)調(diào)，人類未來所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)不可能通過到處的微小調(diào)整來應(yīng)對。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Nomatterhowfrequently（）,theworksofBeethovenalwaysattractlargeaudience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.performed

B.performing

C.tobeperformed

D.beingperformed

【答案】A

【解析】考查分詞用法。nomatterhow引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，后接形容詞、分詞或副詞，表示“不管怎樣，無論如何”。本題中動詞“perform”的邏輯主語是“theworksofBeethoven”，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系，即“貝多芬的作品被演奏”，因而要用過去分詞。例如：Nomatterhowoftenrepeated，therumorisnottrue。（謠言無論被重復(fù)多少次也不是真的。）選項(xiàng)D用了被動語態(tài)，表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動，故D選項(xiàng)不對。所以本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。句意：盡管貝多芬的作品經(jīng)常被演奏，它們還是吸引大批聽眾。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

AnOlympicMarathonis26milesand385yards,approximately（）fromMarathontoAthens.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distance

B.thedistanceis

C.thedistance

D.isthedistance

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位語。approximatelythedistancefromMarathontoAthens是26milesand385yards的同位語，因此C項(xiàng)“thedistance”；為正確答案。這個距離特指從馬拉松到雅典的距離，所以要加定冠詞the，C正確，A排除。填入B，D選項(xiàng)逗號后面都是一個完整的句子，但是approximately是一個副詞，不可以連接兩個句子，故排除。句意：奧林匹克馬拉松是26英里385碼，距離大約是從馬拉松到雅典。所以本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Before1965manyscientistspicturedthecirculationoftheocean’swatermassasconsistingoflarge,slow-movingcurrents,suchastheGulfStream.Thatview,basedon100yearsofobservationsmadearoundtheglobe,producedonlyaroughapproximationofthetruecirculation.Butinthe1950’sandthe1960’s,researchersbegantoemploynewlydevelopedtechniquesandequipment,includingsubsurfacefloatsthatmovewithoceancurrentsandemitidentificationsignals,andocean-currentmetersthatrecorddataformonthsatfixedlocationsintheocean.Theseinstrumentsdisclosedanunexpectedlevelofvariabilityinthedeepocean.Ratherthanbeingcharacterizedbysmooth,large-scalecurrentsthatchangeseasonally(ifatall),theseasaredominatedbywhatoceanographerscallmesoscalefields;fluctuating,energeticflowswhosevelocitycanreachtentimesthemeanvelocityofthemajorcurrents.

Mesoscalephenomena—theoceanicanalogueofweathersystems-oftenextendtodistancesof100kilometersandpersistfor100days(weathersystemsgenerallyextendabout1,000kilometersandlast3to5daysinanygivenarea).Morethan90percentofthekineticenergyoftheentireoceanmaybeaccountedformesoscalevariabilityratherthanbylarge-scalecurrents.Mesoscalephenomenamay,infact,playasignificantroleinoceanicmixing,air-seainteractions,andoccasionalbutfar-reachingclimaticeventssuchasEINino,theatmospheric-oceanicdisturbanceintheequatorialPacificthataffectsglobalweatherpatterns.

Unfortunately,itisnotfeasibletouseconventionaltechniquestomeasuremesoscalefields.Tomeasurethemproperly,monitoringequipmentwouldhavetobelaidoutonagridatintervalsofatmost50kilometers,withsensorsateachgridpointlowereddeepintheoceanandkeptthereformanymonths.Becauseusingthesetechniqueswouldbeprohibitivelyexpensiveandtime-consuming,itwasproposedin1979thattomographybeadoptedtomeasurethephysicalpropertiesoftheocean.InmedicaltomographyX-raysmapthehumanbody’sdensityvariations(andhenceinternalorgans);theinformationfromtheX-rays,transmittedthroughthebodyalongmanydifferentpaths,isrecombinedtoformthree-dimensionalimagesofthebody’sinterior.Itisprimarilythismultiplicativeincreaseindataobtainedfromthemultipathtransmissionofsignalsthataccountsforoceanographer’sattractiontotomography;itallowsthemeasurementofvastareaswithrelativelyfewinstruments.Researchersreasonedthatlow-frequencysoundwaves,becausetheyaresowelldescribedmathematicallyandbecauseevensmallperturbationsinemittedsoundwavescanbedetected,couldbetransmittedthroughtheoceanovermany,differentpathsandthatthepropertiesoftheocean’sinterior—itstemperature,salinity,density,andspeedofcurrents—couldbededucedonthebasisofhowtheoceanalteredthesignals.Theirinitialtrialswerehighlysuccessful,andoceanacoustictomographywasborn.

26.Accordingtothepassage,scientistareabletouseoceanacoustictomographytodeducethepropertiesoftheocean’sinteriorinpartbecause______.

27.Whichofthefollowingismostsimilartomedicaltomographyasitisdescribedinthepassage?

28.TheauthormentionsEINinoprimarilyinordertoemphasizewhichofthefollowingpoints?

29.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthethirdparagraphofthepassage?

30.Thepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingwouldbetrueiftheocean’scirculationconsistedprimarilyoflarge,slow-movingcurrents?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.low-frequencysoundwavesarewelldescribedmathematically

B.mesoscalephenomenaaresolargeastobeeasilydetectable

C.informationfromsoundwavescanberecombinedmoreeasilythaninformationfromX-rays

D.densityvariationsintheoceanaremathematicallypredictable

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theuseofocean-currentmeterstodeterminethedirectionandvelocityoftheocean’smesoscalefields.

B.Theuseofearthquakeshock-wavedatacollectedatseveraldifferentlocationsandcombinedtocreateathree-dimensionalimageoftheEarth’sinterior.

C.Theuseofagrid-pointsensorysystemtomapglobalweatherpatterns.

D.Theuseofsubsurfacefloatstomaplarge-scalecirculationintheocean.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thebriefdurationofweatherpatterns.

B.Thedifficultyofmeasuringtheocean’slarge-scalecurrents.

C.Theeffectivenessoflow-frequencysoundwavesinmappingtheocean.

D.Thepossibleimpactofmesoscalefieldsonweatherconditions.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Opposingviewsarepresented,elaborated,andthenreconciled.

B.Aproblemisdescribed,andthenasolutionisdiscussedanditseffectivenessisaffirmed.

C.Anargumentisadvanced,thenrefuted,andanalternativeissuggested.

D.Ahypothesisispresented,qualified,andthenreaffirmed.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Conventionalmeasuringtechniqueswouldbeafeasiblemethodofstudyingthephysicalpropertiesoftheocean.

B.Theinfluenceofmesoscalefieldsonglobalweatherpatternswouldremainthesame.

C.Themajorityoftheocean’skineticenergywouldbederivedfrommesoscalefields.

D.Atmospheric-oceanicdisturbancessuchasEINinowouldoccurmoreoften.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】26.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

26.Accordingtothepassage,scientistareabletouseoceanacoustictomographytodeducethepropertiesoftheocean’sinteriorinpartbecause______.26.根據(jù)這篇文章，科學(xué)家能夠使用海洋聲學(xué)層析成像來推斷海洋內(nèi)部的特性，部分原因是______。

A.low-frequencysoundwavesarewelldescribedmathematicallyA.低頻聲波在數(shù)學(xué)上描述得很好

B.mesoscalephenomenaaresolargeastobeeasilydetectableB.中尺度現(xiàn)象很大，很容易探測到

C.informationfromsoundwavescanberecombinedmoreeasilythaninformationfromX-raysC.聲波的信息比X射線的信息更容易重組

D.densityvariationsintheoceanaremathematicallypredictableD.海洋的密度變化在數(shù)學(xué)上是可以預(yù)測的

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到文章倒數(shù)第二句“研究人員推斷，因?yàn)樗鼈儯╨ow-frequencysoundwaves）在數(shù)學(xué)上得到了很好的描述（sowelldescribedmathematically），而且即使是發(fā)出的聲波中的微小擾動也能被探測到，所以低頻聲波可以通過許多不同的路徑在海洋中傳播，海洋內(nèi)部的特性（thepropertiesoftheocean’sinterior），如溫度、鹽度、密度和流速等，可以根據(jù)海洋如何改變信號來推斷”可知，科學(xué)家能夠使用海洋聲學(xué)層析成像來推斷海洋內(nèi)部的特性的原因是低頻聲波在數(shù)學(xué)上得到了很好的描述，且能探測到發(fā)出的聲波中的微小擾動，所以A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)定位第三段第一句“不幸的是，使用傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)測量中尺度場是不可行的”可知，easilydetectable并不符合原文，而且與題干無關(guān)，該項(xiàng)屬于出處錯位；

C選項(xiàng)沒有提到聲波信息和X射線信息的比較，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)在文中提到的是“海洋內(nèi)部的特性，如溫度、鹽度、密度和流速等，可以根據(jù)海洋如何改變信號來推斷”，所以海洋的密度是根據(jù)海洋改變的信號來預(yù)測的，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

27.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

27.Whichofthefollowingismostsimilartomedicaltomographyasitisdescribedinthepassage?27.下面哪項(xiàng)與文章中描述的醫(yī)學(xué)斷層掃描最相似？

A.Theuseofocean-currentmeterstodeterminethedirectionandvelocityoftheocean’smesoscalefields.A.利用洋流計來確定海洋中尺度場的方向和速度。

B.Theuseofearthquakeshock-wavedatacollectedatseveraldifferentlocationsandcombinedtocreateathree-dimensionalimageoftheEarth’sinterior.B.利用在幾個不同地點(diǎn)收集的地震沖擊波數(shù)據(jù)，并結(jié)合起來創(chuàng)建一個地球內(nèi)部的三維圖像。

C.Theuseofagrid-pointsensorysystemtomapglobalweatherpatterns.C.使用網(wǎng)格點(diǎn)感知系統(tǒng)來繪制全球天氣模式。

D.Theuseofsubsurfacefloatstomaplarge-scalecirculationintheocean.D.利用地下漂浮物繪制大規(guī)模海洋環(huán)流圖。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第四句“在醫(yī)學(xué)斷層掃描中，X射線可以繪制出人體密度的變化（以及內(nèi)部器官），來自X射線的信息，通過身體的許多不同路徑傳輸，被重新組合（recombined），形成身體內(nèi)部的三維圖像（three-dimensionalimages）”，從中可知，醫(yī)學(xué)斷層掃描中，其使用的原理就是通過X射線的掃描，收集身體內(nèi)部不同器官傳輸?shù)男畔?，然后重組形成身體的三維圖像，從而來進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)判斷；四個選項(xiàng)中與此原理相似的是B項(xiàng)，因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C、D選項(xiàng)都不屬于層析技術(shù)，屬于出處錯位。

28.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

28.TheauthormentionsEINinoprimarilyinordertoemphasizewhichofthefollowingpoints?28.作者提到厄爾尼諾主要是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)以下哪一點(diǎn)？

A.Thebriefdurationofweatherpatterns.A.氣候模式的短暫持續(xù)時間。

B.Thedifficultyofmeasuringtheocean’slarge-scalecurrents.B.測量海洋大尺度洋流的難度。

C.Theeffectivenessoflow-frequencysoundwavesinmappingtheocean.C.低頻聲波在海洋測繪中的有效性。

D.Thepossibleimpactofmesoscalefieldsonweatherconditions.D.中尺度場對氣候狀況可能產(chǎn)生的影響。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位第二段最后一句“事實(shí)上，中尺度現(xiàn)象可能在海洋混合、海氣相互作用和偶爾但影響深遠(yuǎn)的氣候事件中，如在影響全球氣候模式的赤道太平洋大氣-海洋擾動的厄爾尼諾氣候事件中，發(fā)揮著重要作用”，從中可知，中尺度現(xiàn)象對厄爾尼諾這樣的氣候事件可以發(fā)揮重要的作用，所以推斷，作者在這里提到厄爾尼諾是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)中尺度現(xiàn)象對氣候的影響，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C選項(xiàng)與題干無關(guān)，屬于出處錯位；

B選項(xiàng)在文中沒有提及測量海洋大尺度洋流，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

29.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

29.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthethirdparagraphofthepassage?29.下面哪個選項(xiàng)最好地描述了文章第三段的結(jié)構(gòu)？

A.Opposingviewsarepresented,elaborated,andthenreconciled.A.相反的觀點(diǎn)被提出，闡述，然后調(diào)和。

B.Aproblemisdescribed,andthenasolutionisdiscussedanditseffectivenessisaffirmed.B.首先描述了一個問題，然后討論了解決方案，并肯定了其有效性。

C.Anargumentisadvanced,thenrefuted,andanalternativeissuggested.C.先提出一個論點(diǎn)，然后反駁，然后提出另一種選擇。

D.Ahypothesisispresented,qualified,andthenreaffirmed.D.假設(shè)被提出，被確認(rèn)，然后被重新確認(rèn)。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位文章第三段，第一句先指出測量中尺度場所存在的問題，即“使用傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)測量中尺度場是不可行的”，然后在第三句提出了用層析成像技術(shù)來測量的方法，然后通過對醫(yī)學(xué)斷層掃描舉例來做類比，最后得出結(jié)論：“他們最初的試驗(yàn)非常成功，海洋聲學(xué)斷層攝影術(shù)誕生了”；綜上所述，我們可以推斷，文章第三段的結(jié)構(gòu)是：提出問題—討論問題和提出解決辦法—證明解決辦法的有效性，所以B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)都不符合第三段的結(jié)構(gòu)，屬于曲解原文。

30.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

30.Thepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingwouldbetrueiftheocean’scirculationconsistedprimarilyoflarge,slow-movingcurrents?30.這篇文章表明，如果海洋環(huán)流主要是由大的、移動緩慢的洋流組成，下面哪個選項(xiàng)是正確的？

A.Conventionalmeasuringtechniqueswouldbeafeasiblemethodofstudyingthephysicalpropertiesoftheocean.A.傳統(tǒng)的測量技術(shù)將是研究海洋物理特性的可行方法。

B.Theinfluenceofmesoscalefieldsonglobalweatherpatternswouldremainthesame.B.中尺度場對全球氣候模式的影響將保持不變。

C.Themajorityoftheocean’skineticenergywouldbederivedfrommesoscalefields.C.海洋的大部分動能將來自中尺度場。

D.Atmospheric-oceanicdisturbancessuchasEINinowouldoccurmoreoften.D.像厄爾尼諾這樣的大氣-海洋擾動將更頻繁地發(fā)生。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】文章第一段開頭就指出“1965年以前，許多科學(xué)家把海洋水團(tuán)的循環(huán)描繪成由大型、緩慢移動的洋流組成的，例如墨西哥灣流”，但是新技術(shù)的采用（newlydevelopedtechniquesandequipment），發(fā)現(xiàn)深海中的變化并不是開頭所說的那樣，如第四句說的“這些儀器（Theseinstruments）揭示了深海中出乎意料的變化水平”；然后隨即對中尺度場的測量展開的論述，在第三段第一句提到“使用傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)測量中尺度場是不可行的”，然后就提出了層析技術(shù)。綜合推斷，我們可以知道，如果海洋環(huán)流主要是由大的、移動緩慢的洋流組成，那么使用傳統(tǒng)的技術(shù)測量海洋物理特性是可行的，所以A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C選項(xiàng)，如果海洋環(huán)流是由洋流組成，那么中尺度場就不會被研究，該兩項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)在文中沒有表明，中尺度場能阻止厄爾尼諾這樣的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生，所以屬于無中生有。

6.單選題

Notuntilshoutedatthetopofmyvoice（）hishead.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatheturned

B.didheturn

C.hedidn’tturn

D.hehadturned

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒裝句的用法。Notuntil放在句首時使用部分倒裝——主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Hewassomeanthathecouldn’tbearto（

）thesmallestsumofmoneyforthecharityappeal.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.partwith

B.givein

C.payoff

D.letout

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。partwith意為“放棄，失去，割舍”；givein意為“屈服”；payoff意為“付清”；letout意為“出租，放出，發(fā)出”。

句意：他如此吝嗇以至于不能忍受為慈善割舍一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)錢。

8.單選題

Idonothavethekey,soIhavetouse（

）toopenthislockeddoor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.strength

B.vigor

C.energy

D.force

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)strength“力量”，側(cè)重于強(qiáng)度；B選項(xiàng)vigor“活力，精力”；C選項(xiàng)energy“能量”；D選項(xiàng)force“力量”，側(cè)重于武力、暴力。句意：我沒有鑰匙，所以我不得不使用武力打開這扇鎖著的門。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

Althoughshescrubbedtheoldpotthoroughly,shecouldnotmakeitlookcompletelyclean.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disinfected

B.scratched

C.rinsed

D.scoured

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。橫線單詞scrubbed意為“用力擦洗；使凈化”；A選項(xiàng)“disinfected”意為“將……消毒”；B選項(xiàng)“scratched”意為“抓；刮；挖出；亂涂”；C選項(xiàng)“rinsed”意為“（用清水）沖洗，漂凈”；D選項(xiàng)“scoured”意為“（用粗糙的物體）擦凈，洗滌；沖洗，清除”。句意：雖然她已經(jīng)徹底地擦洗那只舊壺，但她無法使它看上去完全干凈。由題干可知，shecouldnotmakeitlookcompletelyclean（但她無法使它看上去完全干凈）說明她正設(shè)法把那只舊壺弄干凈，可以推測出這里的動作應(yīng)該是擦凈。由此可知，scrubbed在此處最可能是“用力擦洗”的意思，四個選項(xiàng)中scoured具有“擦凈”的意思，與此相近。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Forpeoplewithhearingdifficulties,telephoneswithvolumecontrolsprovidethebest（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.answer

B.response

C.result

D.solution

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“答案”；B選項(xiàng)“反應(yīng)”；C選項(xiàng)“結(jié)果”；D選項(xiàng)“解決方法”。句意：對那些有聽力障礙的人，有音量控制的手機(jī)提供了最好的（）。有音量控制的手機(jī)為聽力障礙的人解決了一個生活中的難題，所以手機(jī)是一個解決辦法，所以答案選D。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

北京奧運(yùn)會弘揚(yáng)了團(tuán)結(jié)、友誼、和平的奧林匹克精神，成為世界各國人民共同見證的文化交流的盛會。北京奧運(yùn)會的成功，是中國人民和世界各國人民共同努力的結(jié)果。榮譽(yù)屬于國際奧林匹克大家庭，屬于在比賽場上奮勇爭先的運(yùn)動員，屬于來自世界各地的自愿者。北京奧運(yùn)會的舉辦，將更加有力地促進(jìn)中國體育事業(yè)向前發(fā)展，將更加廣泛地促進(jìn)中國同國際奧林匹克大家庭的交流合作，將更加深入地促進(jìn)中國人民同世界各國人民的相互了解和友誼。

【答案】TheBeijingOlympicGameshaspromotedtheOlympicspiritofsolidarity,friendshipandpeace.Ithasbecomeagrandevenofculturalexchangeswitnessedbypeopleofthewholeworld.ThesuccessoftheBeijingOlympicGamesisattributabletotheconcertedeffortsoftheChinesepeopleandpeoplefromtherestoftheworld.TheglorygoestotheOlympicFamily,toathleteswhohavecompetedhard,tovolunteersfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.ThehostingoftheBeijingOlympicGameswillgiveaboosttothefurtherdevelopmentofsportsinChina,promotemoreextensiveexchangesandcooperationbetweenChinaandtheInternationalOlympicFamilyandfurtherenhancethemutualunderstandingandfriendshipbetweentheChinesepeopleandpeopleofallothercountries.

12.單選題

Ibumpedmyheadonthedoorpostandnowa（）hascomeup.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lump

B.knob

C.pump

D.bubble

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)lump“腫塊”；B選項(xiàng)knob“瘤”；C選項(xiàng)pump“泵”；D選項(xiàng)bubble“氣泡”。句意：我的頭撞在了門柱上，現(xiàn)在腫了起來。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

13.單選題

Ahistoricchangeistakingplaceinhighereducation.Professorsarebeingheldresponsibleasneverbeforeforhowwelltheyservestudents.Ithasbecomeascommonincollegesanduniversitiesforstudentstogradeprofessorsasforprofessorstogradestudents.Infactstudentratings(評價)havebecomethemostwidelyusedandinmanycasestheonlyimportantinformationonteachingeffectiveness.Incomparingthreestudiesofthesame600middleandhighschoolsinmorethanthirtystatesitwasfoundthatthenumberofschoolsusingstudentratingstoevaluate(評估)teachershadclimbedfrom29percentto68percentto86percent.Noothermethodofevaluationgotthatdegreeofusageandotherstudieshavefoundsimilarresults.

Onereasonthatstudentevaluationsofteachershavebecomesopopularisthattheyareeasytocarryoutandtoscore.Buttheyarealsoeasytoabuse.Iftheyareexpectedtothrowmeaningfullightonteachers’'performancetheratingsmustbeusedinawaythatshowsatleastsomeofwhatwe’'velearntaboutthemfromresearchandfromexperience.

Researchandexperiencehaveshownus,forexample,thatstudentratingsshouldneverbetheonlybasisforevaluatingteachingeffectiveness.Thereismuchmoretoteachingthanwhatisevaluatedonstudentratingforms.Whenratingsareused,weknowthatstudentsshouldnotbeexpectedtojudgewhetherthematerialsusedinacourseareuptodateorhowwelltheteacherknowsthesubjectmatterofthecourse.

Thesejudgmentsrequireprofessionalbackgroundandarebestlefttotheprofessor’'scolleagues.Ontheotherhand,studentsshouldbeaskedtoestimatewhattheyhavelearnedinacourse,andtoreportonsuchthingsasaprofessor’'sabilitytocommunicateatthestudent’'slevel,professionalbehaviorintheclassroom,relationshipwithstudents,andabilitytoarouseinterestinthesubject.

1.Thecentralideaofthepassageisthat______.

2.WhichstatementisTRUE?

3.InstudentratingsarethefollowingquestionscanbeaskedEXCEPT:______.

4.Thesentenceinthethirdsecondparagraph“Buttheyalsoarealsoeasytoabuse”means______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.studentratingsaretheonlysourceofinformationonteachingeffectiveness

B.ratingshavebecomethemostwidelyusedsourceofinformationonteachingeffectiveness

C.besidestudentratings,thereareothermethodstoevaluateteachers

D.studentratingsareverypopularandshouldbeproperlyused

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Studentevaluationsofteachersarepopularbecausetheyareextremelyaccurate.

B.Instudentratings,studentsshouldnotbeaskedquestionsthatrequireprofessionalbackground.

C.Studentratingscanbeusedunderanycircumstances.

D.Allcollegesareinclinedtousestudentratingstoevaluateteachers.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Cantheteachermakehimselfeasilyunderstood?

B.Howdoestheteacherdealwithstudents?

C.Iswhatistaughtnew?

D.Arestudentsinterestedinwhatistaught?

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.teachersareeasytobemisunderstood

B.teachersareeasytobewronged

C.studentratingscaneasilybeputtowronguse

D.studentratingscaneasilybemadeuseoftoattackteachers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】：主旨大意題。通讀全文，可得知本文主要講述的是學(xué)生評估在對教師進(jìn)行測評中的廣泛應(yīng)用及如何正確地使用這種測評方式，因此選項(xiàng)D最能概括文章大意。選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)B，根據(jù)原文可以定位到第一段的第四三句“Infactstudentratings(評價)havebecomethemostwidelyusedandinmanycasestheonlyimportantinformationonteachingeffectiveness.”選項(xiàng)本身說法正確，但過于片面，不足以概括全文。根據(jù)原文“Noothermethodofevaluationgotthatdegreeofusageandotherstudieshavefoundsimilarresults.”可得知選項(xiàng)C說法錯誤。

2.【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)B可以定位到原文的第四三段的首句“Thesejudgmentsrequireprofessionalbackgroundandarebestlefttotheprofessor’'scolleagues.”可得知這些專業(yè)性的背景問題最好留給同事們回答而不是學(xué)生，即符合B選項(xiàng)。

3.【試題解析】判斷推理題。由文章末第三段第三句中的"“studentsshouldnotbeexpectedtojudgewhetherthematerialsusedinacourseareuptodate”"可知，不能問學(xué)生"“老師教授的東西是否新穎”"這樣的問題。因此，答案為C。

4.【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干引用的這句話可以定位到原文中的第二三段，“Iftheyareexpectedtothrowmeaningfullightonteachers’'performancetheratingsmustbeusedinawaythatshowsatleastsomeofwhatwe’'velearntaboutthemfromresearchandfromexperience.”可得知，如果他們被期望為教師的表現(xiàn)提供有意義的說明，那么評級的使用必須至少表明我們從研究和經(jīng)驗(yàn)中所了解到的一些情況。而不是說隨意評級?？赏茢喑鲈u級很容易會被誤用。因此答案為選項(xiàng)C。

14.單選題

Imarvelthathe______,ithavingbeensaidhehadtakenhisfinaldepartureforPortugal.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasnotherenow

B.shouldnowbehere

C.hadbeenaway

D.hasn’tleft

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.wasnotherenow不在這里B.shouldnowbehere在這里

C.hadbeenaway離開了D.hasn’tleft離開了

【考查點(diǎn)】虛擬語氣。

【解題思路】根據(jù)marvel可知，該句表示驚訝，而在表示驚訝的句子中，要用shoulddo虛擬語氣，所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)都不是虛擬語氣。

【句意】我很驚訝他現(xiàn)在會在這里，據(jù)說他最后一次去了葡萄牙。

15.單選題

Imagineyoufoundoutthatideasinventedbyacomputerwereratedhigherbyindependentexpertsthanideascreatedbyagroupofhumansaskedtoperformthesametask.Wouldyoupraisethedesignerofthe“creativecomputer”foragreatachievementorwouldyouquestionwhyhumantalent—usuallysopotentincopingwithcomplexcognitivechallenges——createdsuchpoorideasormaybeyouwouldquestionyourviewofthenotionofcreativity.Infact,suchascenariowasplayedoutwhenweusedasimplecomputerizedroutinetogenerateideasandcomparedthemwithideasinventedbyhumansubjects.Whydidhumanjudgeperceivethecomputer’soutcomesassuperiortohumanideaswhentheyperformedthesametask?

Creativityisconsideredtheultimatehumanactivity,ahighlycomplexprocess,difficulttoformalizeandtocontrol.Althoughthereisageneralagreementregardingthedistinctivenatureofthecreativeproduct（idea,painting,poem,andsoon）,thereisacontroversyoverthenatureofthecreativeprocess.Someresearchersholdthatthecreativethinkingprocessisqualitat