考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東女子學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東女子學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Mr.Smith（

）withthegovernmentforthirty-sevenyearsbythetimeheretires.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willwork

B.willhaveworked

C.willbeworking

D.willhavebeenworked

【答案】B

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中“by+thetime”可知，這里應(yīng)為完成時(shí)，首先排除選項(xiàng)A和C；Mr.Smith和work之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.單選題

Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.

Sinceabout1970,newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.

Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.

Inonestudy,researchersexaminedthebrainofalearning-disabledpersonwhohaddiedinanaccident.Theyfoundtwounusualthings.Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.

ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwind,anearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshoulD.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.

Otherstudiesdidnotexaminebraintissue.Instead,theymeasuredthebrain’selectricalactivityandmadeamanoftheelectricalsignals.

FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.

1.Scientistfoundthatthebraincellsofalearning-disabledpersondifferfromthoseofanormalpersonin______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

3.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat______.

4.DoctorDuffybelievedthat______.

5.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatfurtherresearchshouldbemade______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.structureandfunction

B.colorandfunction

C.sizeandarrangement

D.colorandarrangement

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromtheunknownareaofthebrain

B.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromdamagetoawideareaofthebrain

C.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromabnormalorganizationofbraincells

D.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder

B.alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsigns

C.readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation

D.thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.hefoundtheexactcauseoflearningdisabilities

B.theproblemoflearningdisabilitieswasnotlimitedtotheleftsideofthebrain

C.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesresultedfromtheleftsideofthebrain

D.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesdidnotlieintheleftsideofthebrain

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.toinvestigatepossibleinfluencesonbraindevelopmentandorganization

B.tostudyhowchildrenlearntoreadandwrite,andusenumbers

C.tohelplearning-disabledchildrentodeveloptheirintelligence

D.toexplorehowtheleftsideofthebrainfunctionsinlanguagelearning

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干，通讀全文，以及定位到文章第四段“Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.”，中文翻譯為：其中一個(gè)是大腦左側(cè)控制語(yǔ)言的細(xì)胞。這些細(xì)胞通常是白色的。然而，在學(xué)習(xí)障礙者中，這些細(xì)胞是灰色的。研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多神經(jīng)細(xì)胞并沒(méi)有按照應(yīng)有的方式排列。神經(jīng)細(xì)胞混合在一起。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“white”“gray”可排除A、C選項(xiàng)，以及“cellswerenotinaline”（細(xì)胞不在一條線上）可排除B選項(xiàng)，因此可判斷D選項(xiàng)“顏色和排列”正確。

2.推理判斷題。通讀全文，A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能來(lái)自大腦的未知區(qū)域?！痹谖闹胁](méi)有提及，因此可知A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由于大腦大面積受損造成的?！痹谖闹械谖宥巍癏ebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.”中文翻譯：他認(rèn)為大腦的這一側(cè)不能正常發(fā)育。他說(shuō)，很可能那里的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞并沒(méi)有正常連接。所以大腦就像一個(gè)電線交叉的電子裝置?？赏茰y(cè)，大腦受損導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)障礙。因此B選項(xiàng)正確，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由腦細(xì)胞的異常組織引起的?！痹谖闹械诙巍癟hereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.”中文翻譯：毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，所有的學(xué)習(xí)障礙都是由大腦組織方式的差異造成的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合原文意思，可排除。D選項(xiàng)Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由左腦問(wèn)題引起的?！笨啥ㄎ坏轿闹械谖宥巍癉octorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.”中文翻譯：Geschwind博士提出學(xué)習(xí)障礙主要是由左腦問(wèn)題引起的。因此，D選項(xiàng)也是直接來(lái)自原文，可排除。

3.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder”（許多因素導(dǎo)致了學(xué)習(xí)障礙），可定位到文中第二段第二句“Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings”，中文翻譯：科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在知道有許多不同種類的學(xué)習(xí)障礙，它們是由許多不同的事情引起的。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsigns”（有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的人沒(méi)有外在的跡象），可定位到原文第三段“Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.”中文翻譯：你不能看著一個(gè)孩子就知道他或她是否有學(xué)習(xí)障礙。沒(méi)有這種紊亂的外在跡象。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。C選項(xiàng)“readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation.”（閱讀障礙是影響10%人口的一個(gè)常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題），可定位到文中第一段第二句“Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.”中文翻譯：大約有10%的兒童患有這種疾病。與C選項(xiàng)不符，因此C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren.”（學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童的大腦活動(dòng)與正常兒童不同），可定位到文中第四段，可知學(xué)習(xí)障礙者控制語(yǔ)言的左腦細(xì)胞是灰色的，而這些細(xì)胞通常是白色的?？赏茰y(cè)學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童的大腦活動(dòng)與正常兒童不同。因此選項(xiàng)D正確。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“DoctorDuffy”可定位到文中最后一段FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.中文翻譯：達(dá)菲在波士頓兒童醫(yī)院醫(yī)療中心試驗(yàn)了他的技術(shù)。達(dá)菲博士

說(shuō)，他的研究證明，閱讀障礙不僅會(huì)損害大腦的左側(cè)，還會(huì)損害大腦的大部分區(qū)域。A選項(xiàng)“他找到了學(xué)習(xí)障礙的確切原因”，不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問(wèn)題不僅限于左腦”，達(dá)菲博士的研究證明“閱讀障礙還會(huì)損害大腦的大部分區(qū)域”，因此，選項(xiàng)B正確。C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問(wèn)題是由左腦造成的”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問(wèn)題并不在于大腦的左側(cè)”不符合題意，可排除。綜上所述，B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

5.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“研究可能對(duì)大腦發(fā)育和組織的影響”，B選項(xiàng)“研究?jī)和绾螌W(xué)習(xí)讀寫和使用數(shù)字”，C選項(xiàng)“幫助學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童發(fā)展智力”，D選項(xiàng)“探討左腦在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中的作用”。根據(jù)題干，可以定位到文中最后一段最后一句“達(dá)菲博士說(shuō)，他的研究證明，閱讀障礙不僅會(huì)損害大腦的左側(cè)，還會(huì)損害大腦的大部分區(qū)域?！?，由此可推測(cè)接下來(lái)的研究會(huì)探討“大腦發(fā)育和組織的影響”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

ItissometimesclaimedthatAmericaisa_______potofdifferentraces.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.burning

B.burnt

C.melting

D.melted

【答案】C

【解析】句意：有人說(shuō)美國(guó)是不同種族的大熔爐。meltingpot為常用搭配,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.單選題

Theteachersuggestedthatherstudents（）experienceswithESP.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.writeacompositionontheir

B.towritecompositionaboutthe

C.wrotesomecompositionsofhisorher

D.hadwrittenanycompositionsforhis考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示建議、要求、命令相關(guān)的單詞+that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其形式是should（可以省略）+動(dòng)詞原形。句意：老師建議她的學(xué)生寫一篇關(guān)于他們有關(guān)ESP經(jīng)歷的作文。所以本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示建議、要求、命令相關(guān)的單詞+that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其形式是should（可以省略）+動(dòng)詞原形。句意：老師建議她的學(xué)生寫一篇關(guān)于他們有關(guān)ESP經(jīng)歷的作文。所以本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

5.填空題

ConcernsaboutresearchethicswerefurtherheightedbyaresearchprojectcalledtheTuskegeeStudy,

sponsoredbytheUnitedStatesPublicHealthServicetoassesstheclinicalcourseofsyphilis.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Aheighted改為heightened

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

【解題思路】此句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，指的是人們對(duì)研究倫理的擔(dān)憂進(jìn)一步被加劇，應(yīng)該用heighten的過(guò)去分詞heightened。

【句意】一個(gè)名為“塔斯基吉研究”的研究項(xiàng)目進(jìn)一步加劇了人們對(duì)研究倫理的擔(dān)憂，該研究項(xiàng)目由美國(guó)公共衛(wèi)生局資助，旨在評(píng)估梅毒的臨床病程。

6.單選題

Inaseminar,everyoneshouldtakepartratherthanallowonepersonto______thediscussion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.overwhelm

B.dominate

C.oppress

D.determine

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。overwhelm“淹沒(méi)，壓倒”；dominate“控制，支配”；oppress“壓迫，壓抑”；determine“決定；確定”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息everyoneshouldtakepart（每個(gè)人都參與）與oneperson（一個(gè)人），可知前后是兩者對(duì)比，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。句意：在研討會(huì)上，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該參與討論而不是讓一個(gè)人來(lái)主導(dǎo)。

7.單選題

Scientistsspeculatethat（）populationgrowthanddwindlingresourcesmayforcehumanbeingstolooktotheseaforfood.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unavoidable

B.unexpected

C.unrestrained

D.uncommon

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。unavoidable不可避免的；unexpected意外的，意想不到的；unrestrained無(wú)限制的；uncommon不常見(jiàn)的。由后面的結(jié)果“人類將轉(zhuǎn)到海洋去尋求食物”可推知原因是無(wú)限制的人口增長(zhǎng)以及資源的不斷減少。故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：科學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)無(wú)限制的人口增長(zhǎng)以及不斷減少的自然資源將迫使人類往海洋尋求食物。

8.填空題

YesterdayIgavemymother（1）orangesweaterfor（2）birthday.

句意:昨天，我送了一件橘色的羊毛衫給我媽媽做生日禮物。

【答案】1.an

2.her

【解析】1.語(yǔ)法題?？疾椴欢ü谠~。這里表示“送了一件橘色的羊毛衫”,此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)不定冠詞。orange的發(fā)音為元音開(kāi)始，故應(yīng)該選不定冠詞an。

2.語(yǔ)法題。考查人稱代詞所有格。這里填her表示“她的”。

9.單選題

Anyearthquakethattakesplaceinanyareaiscertainlyregardedasakindofa（）event.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cholesterol

B.charcoal

C.catastrophic

D.chronic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。cholesterol膽固醇;charcoal木炭，炭筆：chronic慢性的，長(zhǎng)期的；catastrophic災(zāi)難的，悲慘的。地震顯然是一種自然災(zāi)害。故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：在任何地區(qū)發(fā)生的任何地震都被認(rèn)為是一種災(zāi)難事件。

10.單選題

Ifyouwantchildrentoworkhardyoumust（

）theirinterestsinsteadoftheirsenseofduty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appealto

B.lookinto

C.giveriseto

D.goinfor

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)appealto“呼吁，上訴”；B選項(xiàng)lookinto“調(diào)查，觀察”；C選項(xiàng)giveriseto“使發(fā)生，引起”；D選項(xiàng)goinfor“參加，從事；追求”。根據(jù)從句“Ifyouwantchildrentoworkhard如果你想要孩子努力”，和后句關(guān)鍵詞“theirinterests他們的興趣”，可知“giveriseto引起”符合語(yǔ)境，句意為：如果你想要孩子努力，你必須激發(fā)他們的興趣而不是責(zé)任感。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

11.單選題

TheAmericansocietyislaidonanexceedinglyshakyfoundationofnaturalresources,whichisconnectedwiththepossibilityofaworseningenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.establishedon

B.affiliatedon

C.originatedfrom

D.incorporatedwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。belaidon意為“被放置在……上面”；beestablishedon意為“被建立在……上面”；沒(méi)有beaffiliatedon這樣的搭配，affiliate意為“使隸屬，加入”；beoriginatedfrom意為“源自于”；beincorporatedwith意為“與……合并”。

句意：美國(guó)社會(huì)建立在一個(gè)自然資源極其不穩(wěn)定的基礎(chǔ)上，這可能與環(huán)境的惡化有關(guān)。

12.單選題

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain'sneural（神經(jīng)的）networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”,heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.TherearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsWhereonestageofchilddevelopmenthasbeenleftout,ornotsufficientlyexperienced,thechildmayhavetobackandcapturetheexperienceofit.Agoodhomemakesthispossible,forexamplebyprovidingtheopportunityforthechildtoplaywithaclockworkcarortoyrailwaytrainuptoanyageifhestillneedstodoso.Thisprinciple,infact,underliesallpsychologicaltreatmentofchildrenindifficultieswiththeirdevelopment,andisthebasisofworkinchildclinics.

Thebeginningsofdisciplineareinthenursery.Eventheyoungestbabyistaughtbygradualstageswaitforfood,tosleepandwakeatregularintervalsandsoon.Ifthechildfeelstheworldaroundhimisawarmandfriendlyone,heslowlyacceptsitsrhythmandaccustomshimselftoconformingtoitsdemands.Learningtowaitforthings,particularlyforfood,isaveryimportantelementinupbringing,andisachievedsuccessfullyonlyiftoogreatdemandsarenotmadebeforethechildcanunderstandthem.

Everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild'sacquisitionofeachnewskill—thefirstspokenwords,thefirstindependentsteps,orthebeginningofreadingandwriting.Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingoffailureandstatesofanxietyinthechild.Thismighthappenatanystage.Ababymightbeforcedtouseatoilettooearly,ayoungchildmightbeencouragedtolearntoreadbeforeheknowsthemeaningofthewordshereads.Ontheotherhand,though,ifachildisleftalonetoomuch,orwithoutanylearningopportunities,heloseshisnaturalzestforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself.

Learningtogetherisafruitfulsourceofrelationshipbetweenchildrenandparents.Byplayingtogether,parentslearnmoreabouttheirchildrenandchildrenlearnmorefromtheirparents.Toysandgameswhichbothparentsandchildrencanshareareanimportantmeansofachievingthiscooperation.Building-blocktoys,jigsawpuzzlesandcrosswordaregoodexamples.

Parentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnessorindulgencetowardstheirchildren.Somemaybeespeciallystrictinmoneymatters,othersaresevereovertimesofcominghomeatnight,punctualityformealsorpersonalcleanliness.Ingeneral,thecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild’sownhappinessandwell-being.

1.Theprincipleunderlyingalltreatmentofdevelopmentaldifficultiesinchildren（

）.

2.Thechildinthenursery

（

）.

3.Theencouragementofchildrentoachievenewskills

（

）.

4.Jigsawpuzzlesare

（

）.

5.Parentalcontrolsanddiscipline（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.istosendthemtoclinics

B.offersrecaptureofearlierexperiences

C.isintheprovisionofclockworktoysandtrains

D.istocapturethembeforetheyaresufficientlyexperienced

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.quicklylearnstowaitforfood

B.doesn'tinitiallysleepandwakeatregularintervals

C.alwaysacceptstherhythmoftheworldaroundthem

D.alwaysfeelstheworldaroundhimiswarmandfriendly

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.canneverbetakentoofar

B.shouldbelefttoschoolteachers

C.willalwaysassisttheirdevelopment

D.shouldbebalancedbetweentwoextremes

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.toodifficultforchildren

B.akindofbuilding-blocktoy

C.notveryentertainingforadults

D.suitableexercisesforparent-childcooperation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.serveadualpurpose

B.shouldbeavoidedasmuchaspossible

C.reflectthevaluesofthecommunity

D.aredesignedtopromotethechild'shappiness

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段最后一句提到“這個(gè)原則實(shí)際上是對(duì)發(fā)展障礙的兒童進(jìn)行全面心理治療的依據(jù)，是兒童診所的基本工作”（Thisprinciple,infact,underliesallpsychologicaltreatmentofchildrenindifficultieswiththeirdevelopment,andisthebasisofworkinchildclinics），由此可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第一二句提到“紀(jì)律性的訓(xùn)練是從托兒所就開(kāi)始的。即使是最小的寶寶也被教導(dǎo)逐漸學(xué)會(huì)等待食物，按時(shí)睡覺(jué)，按時(shí)起床等”（Thebeginningsofdisciplineareinthenursery.Eventheyoungestbabyistaughtbygradualstageswaitforfood,tosleepandwakeatregularintervalsandsoon），由此可知小孩子剛開(kāi)始并沒(méi)有形成有規(guī)律地睡覺(jué)和起床的習(xí)慣，是經(jīng)過(guò)后面的訓(xùn)練形成的，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段提到了在教育孩子方面容易出現(xiàn)兩種極端：一種是希望孩子超前學(xué)習(xí)，這會(huì)在孩子身上造成危險(xiǎn)的失敗感（Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingoffailureandstatesofanxietyinthechild.）；另外一種就是放任孩子不管，這會(huì)使孩子喪失對(duì)生活的熱情（ifachildisleftalonetoomuch,orwithoutanylearningopportunities,heloseshisnaturalzestforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself），因此，選項(xiàng)D“在兩種極端中尋找平衡”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。文章第四段提到“玩具和游戲是家長(zhǎng)可以和孩子合作的最好方式”（Toysandgameswhichbothparentsandchildrencanshareareanimportantmeansofachievingthiscooperation），拼圖和填字游戲就是最好的例子，選項(xiàng)D“（拼圖游戲）是孩子與父母合作的合適的游戲”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段最后一句提到“一般來(lái)說(shuō)，施加在孩子身上的控制力代表著家長(zhǎng)的需求，社會(huì)的價(jià)值，還有孩子的幸福和健康”（Ingeneral,thecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild’sownhappinessandwell-being），因此選項(xiàng)C“反映了社會(huì)的價(jià)值”符合題意。

13.單選題

Theproblemwithemploying（）peopleisthattheyoftendon’tstayinthejobforlong.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.overpriced

B.overqualified

C.overrated

D.overwhelmed

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。overpriced“定價(jià)過(guò)高的”；overqualified“資歷過(guò)高的，條件太好的”；overrated“評(píng)價(jià)過(guò)高的，高估的”；overwhelmed“不堪重負(fù)的，受寵若驚的”。句意：招聘那些不堪重負(fù)的人的問(wèn)題就是這些人不會(huì)在工作崗位上待太久。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

14.單選題

ThefirstancientOlympicswereheldin776B.C.ThegamesgottheirnamefromOlympia,theGreekcitywheretheytookplace.LikethesummerOlympicsoftoday,theancientOlympicswereheldeveryfouryears.

ThousandsofpeoplefromallovertheGreekworldcametowatch.Themainstadiumheldabout45,000people.“Wehaveaccountsofvisitorsandpilgrimssettinguptentsallaroundthesite.”LisaCerratoofTuftsUniversitysaid.

DuringthefirstOlympics,therewasonlyonecompetition-a200-meterrace.Butovertimethegamesgrewtoincludewrestling,racing,boxing,andothersports.Womenwerenotallowedtocompete,buttheyhadtheirownseparategames.

“Theancientathletebecamecelebrities,justliketoday.Theyoftenlivedtherestoftheirlivesbeingtreatedtofreedinners.”Cerratosaid,“City-stateseventriedtostealawayeachother’sathletesbyofferingthemvariousawards.”

TheancientOlympicsexisteduntilA.D.393.ButthemodemOlympicsarestillgoingstrong.

1.WheredidtheancientGreeksholdtheirfirstOlympics?

2.HowdidresearchersknowthatancientGreeksrushedtowatchtheOlympics?

3.WhatdidwomendosincetheywerenotallowedtoparticipateintheOlympics?

4.Theancientathletesmusthavefelthonoredwhenthey（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.InAthens.

B.InOlympics.

C.Inatown.

D.Inastate.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thousandsofpeoplecametowatch.

B.Themainstadiumwasnotbigenough.

C.Manyofthemwerevisitorsandpilgrims.

D.Theyhavefoundtherelatedrecordofevents.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theystayedathomedoingnothing.

B.Theyorganizedprotestsinthecity.

C.Theyhadtheirowngames.

D.Theysetuptentsaroundthesite.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.completedina200-meterrace

B.wrestledwitheachother

C.readtheaccountsofthegames

D.receivedthetreatmentoffreedinners

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.city-statescompetedwitheachothertowintheOlympics

B.theancientathleteslikedtocelebratetheirvictories

C.freedinnerswereofferedduringthecompetition

D.awardswereoftenstolentohonortheathletes

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段：ThegamegottheirnamefromOlympia,theGreekcitywheretheytookplace.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)得名于它的舉辦地一奧林匹亞，它是希臘的一個(gè)城市。確定C選項(xiàng)正確

2.根據(jù)第二段：…“wehaveaccountsofvisitorsandpilgrims...”確定C選項(xiàng)’他們中許多是參觀者和朝圣者‘正確。A選項(xiàng)’數(shù)以千計(jì)的人來(lái)參觀‘與題意不符。B選項(xiàng)’主體育場(chǎng)不夠大‘，文中提到體育場(chǎng)可容納45,000人，與原文不符。D選項(xiàng)’他們己經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了有關(guān)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的記錄‘文中未提及。

3.根據(jù)文章第三段：Womenwerenotallowedtocompete,buttheyhadtheirownseparategames.女性不允許參加比賽，但是她們可以有自己?jiǎn)为?dú)的比賽，確定C選項(xiàng)’她們有她們自己的比賽‘正確。A選項(xiàng)’她們呆在家里，什么也不做‘和B選項(xiàng)’她們?cè)诔抢锝M織抗議‘文中沒(méi)有提及。D選項(xiàng)’她們?cè)诒荣悎?chǎng)地周圍搭建帳篷‘與’參觀者與朝圣者搭建帳篷‘不符合，排除。

4.根據(jù)第四段：Theancientathletesbecamecelebrities,justliketoday.Theyoftenlivedtheirrestoftheirlivesbeingtreatedtofreedinners.古時(shí)候的運(yùn)動(dòng)員就如同當(dāng)今的大腕一樣。他們經(jīng)常終生可以享受免費(fèi)就餐的待遇，確定D選項(xiàng)’享受免費(fèi)就餐的待遇‘正確。A選項(xiàng)’參加200米競(jìng)賽‘是比賽項(xiàng)目，不符合題意。B選項(xiàng)’彼此較勁‘和C選項(xiàng)’閱讀比賽記錄‘文中未提及。

5.根據(jù)第四段：City-stateseventriedtostealawayeachother'sathletesbyofferingthemvariousawards.”各城邦試圖通過(guò)提供各種優(yōu)厚福利來(lái)按對(duì)手的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，確定A選項(xiàng)’各城邦為了在奧運(yùn)會(huì)中獲勝，彼此互想競(jìng)爭(zhēng)‘正確。B選項(xiàng)’古時(shí)候的運(yùn)動(dòng)員喜歡慶祝勝利‘文中未提及。C選項(xiàng)’比賽中提供免費(fèi)就餐‘與原文不符。D選項(xiàng)’經(jīng)常盜取獎(jiǎng)賞以獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員‘與原文不符。

15.單選題

Sharkshaveanundeservedreputationforbeingbloodthirstykillersthatroutinelymakesnacksoutoftourists.Althoughtheriskofgettingeatenbyasharkisextremelysmall,thesamecannotbesaidforunderwaterfiber-opticcablesthatcarrydataaroundtheworld.

Itseemssharkshaveamightycravingforthesevitalintercontinentalcommunicationlinks,whichhassetGoogleonamissiontoreinforceitstrans—PacificcablesbywrappingtheminaKevlar—likematerial.GoogleproductmanagerDanBelcherrevealedtheirshark-proofingeffortsatamarketingmeetinginBoston,NetworkWorldreports.

Butwhyaresharkszeroinginonourglobalcommunicationnetworks?SharkshaveanuncannyabilitytosenseelectromagneticfieldsinthewaterusingtinydetectorsintheirsnoutscalledampullaofLorenzini.Theorgans,whichlooklikefreckles,senseevenminutechangestoelectricalfieldsinthewater,helpingsharksfindprey,navigateorlocatefiber-opticcables.

“Nodoubttheelectromagneticfeldsassociatedwiththesewiresarehighlyattractivetothesesharks,”GeorgeBurgess,directoroftheFloridaProgramforSharkResearch,toldUSA.

Interestingly,sharksdon’tseemtobeluredtotheoldercoppercablesthatrununderwater.It’sledtospeculationthatsharksconfusethehigh-voltage,magneticemissionsfromfiber-opticcableswiththesignalsgivenoffbyfish.Updatedcableswillthuslikelyprotectthesharksandreduceenergy-wastingattacks.

Sharkshavebeengivingglobalcommunicationscompaniesheadachessincethe1980s.AccordingtotheNewYorkTime,afewsharkteethwerefoundplantedinacableoftheCanaryIslandsin1985.Everyyear,morethan50repairsareneededonunderseatranscontinentalcommunicationlinesduetodamagefromwildlife,fishingtrawlersandearthquakes,TheGuardianreports.

Google’sreinforcedcableswillbeinstalledaspartofanew$300millionsystemconnectingtheUnitedStatestoJapan,accordingtoapressreleasefromprojectpartnerNEC.ItwillresultinanInternetconnectionthatrelaysinformationacrossthePacificOceanat60terabytespersecond.That’sgoodnewsforInternetusers,butmaybethesharkshaveahiddenreason:Perhapsthey’resimplyfedupwithfear-mongeringdocumentariesthatcasttheminanegativelight.

1.Whatdoes“thesame”inParagraph1referto?

2.WhatisemphasizedinParagraph2?

3.Whydosharksbitefiber-opticcables?

4.Itcanbelearnedthatsharks（）.

5.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thekillersmakingsnacksoutoftourists.

B.Theriskofgettingeatenbysharks.

C.Theundeservedreputationofsharks.

D.Thesmallchanceofsharkattacks.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thedamagetocablescausedbysharks.

B.Thecostofunderseacablelines.

C.Thefunctionofunderwatercameras.

D.Thedevelopmentofunderseacables.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theymistakecablesforfish.

B.Theylikebitingcable-shapedobjects.

C.Theyarecuriousaboutcables.

D.Theyenjoythetasteofcables.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.likebothcoppercablesandfiber-opticcables

B.prefercoppercablestofiber-opticcables

C.areattractedtofiber-opticcablesonly

D.areattractedtocoppercablesonly

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Sharksarenobloodthirstykillers.

B.Howsharkspicksignalsfromcables.

C.Sharksbenefitfromelectricalfield.

D.Fiber-opticcablesaresharks’prey.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義猜測(cè)題。由“Althoughtheriskofgettingeatenbyasharkisextremelysmall,thesamecannotbesaidforunderwaterfiber-opticcablesthatcarrydataaroundtheworld.（盡管被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)非常小，但在全球范圍內(nèi)傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的水下光纜卻并非如此。）”可知，雖然人類被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很小，但是水下光纜被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)卻并非如此。所以thesame表示被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。A選項(xiàng)“鯊魚拿游客當(dāng)點(diǎn)心”；C選項(xiàng)“鯊魚被冤枉的名聲”；D選項(xiàng)“被鯊魚攻擊的幾率很小”都與上下文不符，因此B選項(xiàng)“被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”正確。

2.主旨大意題。第二段的最后一句話說(shuō)到“GoogleproductmanagerDanBelcherrevealedtheirshark-proofingeffortsatamarketingmeetinginBoston,NetworkWorldreports.（據(jù)《網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界》報(bào)道，谷歌產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理丹?貝爾徹在波士頓的市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷會(huì)議上透露了他們的防鯊魚努力。）”，說(shuō)明為了防止鯊魚對(duì)電纜的破壞，人們做了很多努力，所以該段落更側(cè)重于暗示鯊魚對(duì)電纜造成的破壞。B選項(xiàng)“海底電纜線路的費(fèi)用”在第二段沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出來(lái)；C選項(xiàng)“水下相機(jī)的功能”第二段沒(méi)有提到；D選項(xiàng)“海底電纜的發(fā)展”第二段也沒(méi)有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)“鯊魚對(duì)電纜造成的損壞”正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第五段寫道“It’sledtospeculationthatsharksconfusethehigh-voltage,magneticemissionsfromfiber-opticcableswiththesignalsgivenoffbyfish.（人們猜測(cè)鯊魚會(huì)將光纖電纜發(fā)出的高壓磁輻射與魚類發(fā)出的信號(hào)相混淆。）”，所以鯊魚會(huì)咬電纜是因?yàn)殄e(cuò)把它們當(dāng)成了魚類。B選項(xiàng)“它們喜歡咬電纜形狀的物體”文中沒(méi)有提到；C選項(xiàng)“它們對(duì)電纜很好奇”；D選項(xiàng)“它們喜歡電纜的味道”都與原文不符，因此A選項(xiàng)“它們把電纜錯(cuò)當(dāng)成了魚”正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第五段寫道“Interestingly,sharksdon’tseemtobeluredtotheoldercoppercablesthatrununderwater.（有趣的是，鯊魚似乎不會(huì)被海底的舊銅電纜所吸引。）”，由此可知，鯊魚只被光纖電纜吸引。A選項(xiàng)“銅電纜和光纖電纜都喜歡”；B選項(xiàng)“更喜歡銅電纜而不是光纖電纜”；D選項(xiàng)“只被銅電纜吸引”都與原文意思相悖，因此C選項(xiàng)“只被光纖電纜吸引”正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要講述了鯊魚對(duì)電纜光纖的破壞。A選項(xiàng)“鯊魚不是嗜血的殺手”文中并沒(méi)有側(cè)重講解；B選項(xiàng)“鯊魚如何從電纜中接收信號(hào)”文章也沒(méi)有提到；C選項(xiàng)“鯊魚受益于電場(chǎng)”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“光纖電纜是鯊魚的受害者”更準(zhǔn)確，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Histestimonyisofno____tothecase.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.relevance

B.relation

C.substance

D.connection

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.relevance相關(guān)性B.relation關(guān)系

C.substance根據(jù)D.connection關(guān)聯(lián)

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析

【解題思路】原句句意為“他的證詞與此案沒(méi)有____”，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)推測(cè)，原句想表達(dá)的是“沒(méi)有關(guān)系；不相關(guān)”，即他的證詞與這個(gè)案件不相關(guān)，對(duì)這個(gè)案件沒(méi)有幫助，A選項(xiàng)relevance“相關(guān)性”，最符合要求。某物與某一情境的相關(guān)性（relevance）是指它對(duì)該情境的重要性或意義。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)relation“關(guān)系”，側(cè)重于指兩者之間的關(guān)系，比如藝術(shù)與生活之間的關(guān)系；

C選項(xiàng)substance“根據(jù)”，不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接；

D選項(xiàng)connection“關(guān)聯(lián)”，與relation相似，側(cè)重于指兩者之間的關(guān)系。

【句意】他的證詞與此案并不相關(guān)。

17.單選題

Hewasregardedasagreat（

）tothecommittee.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asset

B.profit

C.prosperity

D.interest

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。asset“財(cái)產(chǎn)，資產(chǎn)，有價(jià)值的人或物”；profit“利潤(rùn)”；prosperity“繁榮，成功”；interest“興趣，愛(ài)好”。句意：他被視為委員會(huì)的重要人物。句中主語(yǔ)是he，故A項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

Helenapologizedfor（

）theparty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hernotbeingabletoattend

B.herbeingnotabletoattend

C.herbeingablenottoattend

D.notherbeingabletoattend

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。apologizeforsb.doingsth.“因?yàn)槟橙俗隽四呈露狼浮?。否定詞not應(yīng)該放在being之前，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

19.單選題

BritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairpromisedtheelectoratethatgunswouldnotbefiredwithoutanattempttowinafurtherU.N.sanction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.allies

B.delegates

C.voters

D.juries

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。electorate的前綴為elect-（選-），可以推測(cè)出electorate意為“選民”，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

20.單選題

Mr.Chenoften（

）hisspeech.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tumbles

B.stumbles

C.rumbles

D.fumbles

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)tumble“摔倒”；B選項(xiàng)stumble“躊躇”；C選項(xiàng)rumble“隆隆作響”；D選項(xiàng)fumble“笨手笨腳地做；笨嘴拙舌地說(shuō)話”。句意：陳先生經(jīng)常在演講的時(shí)候笨嘴拙舌地說(shuō)話。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

21.單選題

Theaveragenumberofauthorsonscientificpapersissky-rocketing.That'spart