考研考博-英語-上海工商職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海工商職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

TheDuPontCompany,the13thlargestemployerintheU.S.，routinelygivespre-employmentbloodteststoallblackswhoapplyforjobstodeterminewhomightbeacarrierofthetraitforsickle-cellanemia,eventhoughthetraitisregardedaslargelyharmless.Althoughthereareothergeneticallytransmittedblooddiseasesandmetabolicdisordersthatpredominateinracialorethnicgroups,blacksaretheonlyonestobeidentifiedwithadiseaseandexaminedforitatDuPont.InathreemonthstudyofgeneticscreeningintheAmericanworkplace,theNewYorkTimesfoundnootherinstanceofanethnicorracialgroupsingledoutinanorganizationorcompany.DuPontofficialsemphasizethatthesickletraittestsdonotrepresentdiscriminationandareonlyanefforttohelpthemavoidpotentiallyharmfulexposuretocertainchemicals.Yettheofficialscanoffernofirmevidencethatthetrait―notthedisease,butonlyasingleabnormalgene—makesblacksmorevulnerable.DuPont,whichemployswellover100,000workers,isinthevanguardofAmericancompaniesdoinggeneticscreeningandthusisatthecenterofthedebateoverthisareaofscience,debatesointense,sobroad,thatevenmedicaldirectorsfromothercompanieswhobelievethepossibilitiesofgeneticscreeningwantnopartofit.Atleast,nowtheofficialsatDuPontCompany,aleaderinthechemicalindustrywithannualgrosssalesofmorethan$10billion,feeltheyhavethemoneyandthescientiststoturnthedistrustintoachievement.Ifsomechemicalsarehighlytoxicandtheworkplaceislessthanpure,companyofficialsreason,itisonlylogicaltotrytodeterminewhysomeworkersgetsickerfasterandwhyothersseemtohavemoretoleranceforindustrialpoisons.Andsothecompanyislookingbeyondtheskillsandloyaltyofitsworkerstogeneticstructure.

Thesickle-celltraitisnotthesameassickle-cellanemia.Theanemiaisrarebutdebilitatingdisorderfoundinfewerthan50,000Americanblacks,abouttwo-tenthsofapercentoftheblackpopulation.Perhapstwomillionotherblacksarecarriersofthetrait—theyareheterozygous.Virtuallyallthecarrierscanleadveryactivelivesandshownosymptomsofthedisease.

1.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutDuPont?

2.WhatdoDuPontofficialssay?

3.Whatistrueaboutgeneticscreening?

4.Theunderlinedword"toxic"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans（

）.

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecarriersofsick-celltrait?

問題1選項

A.Itexaminedthebloodofsomeblacks

B.Itexaminedsomeblacksfortheirknowledgeofblood.

C.Itdiscoveredthatsomeblackshavebloodillness.

D.Itdiscoveredthebloodofsomeblackscontainingindustrialchemicals.

問題2選項

A.Theyaretryingtoprotectblacksformhealththreats.

B.Theycanprovethatblacksarelikelytohavehealthproblems.

C.Theyregardtheskillsofworkersasthemostimportantmatter.

D.Theyhopethatothercompaniescanfollowtheirexample.

問題3選項

A.Itoftenaimsatblackemployees.

B.Itsfocusisoftenonsickle-cellanemia.

C.Somecompaniesdonotwanttodoit.

D.TheUSgovernmentstronglysupportsit.

問題4選項

A.powerful

B.complex

C.thick

D.poisonous

問題5選項

A.Theirnumberisabout50,000.

B.Theyusuallyseemtohavenormallives.

C.Theyincludeoverhalfoftheblackpopulation

D.Theydonotseemtobeaffectedbyindustrialchemicals.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段提到DuPont公司對來應(yīng)聘的黑人進(jìn)行血液檢測（givespre-employmentbloodteststoallblackswhoapplyforjobs），選項A符合題意。

2.文章提到DuPont公司官方發(fā)言人強(qiáng)調(diào)這種做法不是歧視，而是在幫助他們避免潛在的疾病威脅（DuPontofficialsemphasizethatthesickletraittestsdonotrepresentdiscriminationandareonlyanefforttohelpthemavoidpotentiallyharmfulexposuretocertainchemicals），選項A符合題意。

3.文章提到DuPont公司是美國做基因篩查的先鋒（DuPont,whichemployswellover100,000workers,isinthevanguardofAmericancompaniesdoinggeneticscreening），所以可以推測出一些公司并不想做這個篩查。選項C符合題意。

4.題干中的toxic是“有毒的”的意思。powerful有力的；complex復(fù)雜的，thick濃的；厚的；poisonous有毒的。選項D符合題意。

5.文章最后一句Virtuallyallthecarrierscanleadveryactivelivesandshownosymptomsofthedisease提到實際上很多攜帶者可以很積極地生活并且不會有任何癥狀。選項B符合題意。

2.單選題

FirsttherewasaWashingtonPostarticlepublishedshortlyaftertheelectionsonthepresumptivenewHousespeaker,"MutedTonesofQuietAuthority：ALookSuitedtotheSpeaker."Itofferedtheinformationthat"Pelosi'ssuitwasbyGiorgioArmani—theItalianmasterofneutraltonesandmodernpowerdressing—andsheworeitwell."Thearticleatleastappearedinthenewspaper'sStylesection,butwaschock—fullofpsychoanalyticforaysintoPelosi'swardrobechoices,assertingthat"anArmanisuit,forawoman,isatoolforplayingwiththeboyswithoutpretendingtobeone."IwouldwagerthatPelosiisonewomanwhodoesn'tplayaroundwithanyone.

ThentherewasaNewYorkTimesarticleinJanuaryinitsThursdayStylessectiontitled"SpeakingChictoPower."WhilenotingthatPelosi,barelyinhernewjobamonth,hadbroughttheHousetovotesonaminimumwageincrease,stemcellresearchandMedicaredrugprices,thearticlesaid"shediditlookingpreternaturallyfresh,withawardrobethat.whitestillsubduedandover-reliantonsuits,hasseldomsprucedthehallsofCongress."

SimilararticlesappearedintheBaltimoreSunandChicagoTribune.Mentionedwereotherwomenpoliticiansandtheirfashionchoices,suchasSen.HillaryClinton'shairstyleandpreferenceforblackpantsuitsorFloridaRep.DebbieWassermanSchultz'shaircut.Thequestioniswhetherfocusingontheclothingchoicesofseriousfemalepoliticalplayersrisksrenderingthemlessthanserious.Anotherquestioniswhethersuchreportswarrantpreciousspace.Afterall,withrareexceptions,malepoliticiansareseldomscrutinizedfortheirchoiceofsuits.

Somereportersandeditorshaven'tfiguredoutawaytocoverfemalepoliticiansthatdoesn'trelyontheoldstereotypes,saysGailDines,sociologyandwomen'sstudiesprofessoratWheelockCollegeinBoston."Tobeawomanpolitician,youhavetostrategizeandworkhard,andyetwhatmattersiswhatdesigneryou'rewearing.It'sawaytomakewomeninpowerlessscary,"Dinesnotes."It'sputtingwomenintoacomfortzoneforthosewhoarestillbaffledbyhowtotreatstrongwomen."

Thearticlesseemathrowbacktoatimewhenwomenwereonlyspouses,notplayers,saysRuthMandel,directoroftheEagletonInstituteofPoliticsatRutgersUniversity."Tofocusontheirattire,thecutoftheirclothes...istobeindangeroftrivializingwhotheyare,theimportantroletheyplayandthemeaningbehindwomen'sadvancementtopositionsofpower:Thatis,we'removingtoatruedemocracyofsharedleadership."

Theproblemisthemediahaven'tquitecaughtup."Awomanwhorisestoaleadershippositionatanylevelisgoingtodressappropriately,"saysKathleenHallJamieson,professorattheAnnenbergSchoolofCommunicationsattheUniversityofPennsylvania."Itunderscoreshercompetenceandisnotadistraction.Youtakeforgrantedthatitwouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore."Jamiesonthinkstheunderlyingmotivationforreportingonfemalepoliticians'styleis"thenaturalnewsinterestintalkingaboutwhatchanges,andmendon'tlookdifferent.Thereisauniformformeninpowerandweallknowthatitlookslike.Theonlythingtochangeisthecoloroftheshirtortie."Becausewomenhavegreaterfashionoptions,changestheymakearemoreobviousandinviteanalysis.NowthatPelosi's"uniform"hasbeenestablished,thatshouldbetheendofit.DittoforClinton."Clintonnowhasarangeofwhatshewears."Jamiesonsays."Shehasn'tbeenchanginghairstylesorherpantsuits.Thatisourdefinitionofwhatshewears,andthatshouldendit."

TomRosenstiel,directoroftheProjectforExcellenceinJournalism,thinksreportingthatdescribeswomenpoliticians'appearanceisjustifiedinprofilesofthem.Femalepoliticianswillcertainlysurvivesuchsillycoverage,andsomearguethestoriesareharmless.Butthesewomenarerolemodelsforyoungwomenandofferanalternativetothefashionmodelandcelebrityinsettingthestandardforfemalebeautyandworth.

Dinesworriesthatwhenthemediaemphasizetheappearanceofwomen,itperpetuatesattitudesinthelargerworldthatdevalueandlimitwomen."Thesearefortunate,privilegedwomen,"Dinesnotesofpoliticians,butforyoungwomentryingtomakeitintheworld,howtheylookcanaffecttheiropportunities."

1.Thepassagemainlyabout（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofPelosi?

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueofmalepoliticalleaders?

4.Somepeoplecontendthemedia（）.

5.ProfessorJamiesonbelievesthat（）.

問題1選項

A.thecaptiouscoverageofpowerfulwomenattire

B.fashionablewomenleadersintheUSA

C.theseriousnessoffemalepoliticalplayers

D.theimportanceofmakingpowerfulwomenlessscary

問題2選項

A.Shewascoveredinthenewspaperfashionsection.

B.Shebroughtsomecontroversialideastovoteinthehouse.

C.HerfashionbroughtanextraordinaryfreshnessintheHouse.

D.ShestakedonsomerecreationsastheHousespeaker.

問題3選項

A.Theytrivializefemalepoliticalleadersbyfocusingontheirattire.

B.Theyarealwaysbaffledbyhowtotreatwomeninpower.

C.Theyareseldominspectedcriticallyfortheirstyleofsuits.

D.Theyarepoliticallyrelevantbutdazzlinglycharismaticlooking.

問題4選項

A.paysmoreonwomenpoliticiansthantheirmalecounterparts

B.setsthewomenpoliticiansanalternativestandardforfemalebeautyandworth

C.emphasizestheappearanceofthewomenpoliticianstodevaluatethem

D.isjustifiedtoputtheclothingchoicesofwomenpoliticiansonpreciousspace

問題5選項

A.dressingappropriatelyofwomenpoliticianswouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore

B.wehavethedefinitionofwhatSen.Clintonwears,andthatshouldbe.endofherstyleanalysis

C.nodistractionwouldbeearnedforthosepoliticiansinuniform

D.womenpoliticianswouldliketomakechangesandinviteanalysis

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是講對有權(quán)勢的女性穿著所出現(xiàn)的挑剔報道。選項A正確。

2.根據(jù)一二段的內(nèi)容可知,選項A,B,C在文中均有提及并且表述正確,只有選項D錯誤。

3.根據(jù)第三段的最后一句"Afterall,withrareexceptions,malepoliticiansareseldomscrutinizedfortheirchoiceofsuits."幾乎無一例外地,很少有人去細(xì)究男政治家們的服裝選擇。所以,選項C正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段"Dinesworriesthatwhenthemediaemphasizetheappearanceofwomen,itperpetuatesattitudesinthelargerworldthatdevalueandlimitwomen."當(dāng)媒體強(qiáng)調(diào)女性的外貌時,這會在更大范圍內(nèi)使貶低和限制女性的態(tài)度持久化。選項C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"Jamieson"定位到第六段第三句"Itunderscoreshercompetenceandisnotadistraction.Youtakeforgrantedthatitwouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore."它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是她的能力而不是一種娛樂。你理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為這不再值得評論。選項A符合原文。

3.單選題

MobyDick,nowregardedasagreatworkofAmericanliterature,wasvirtually___whenitwasfirstpublished,anditwasnotuntilmanyyearslaterthatMelville’sachievementswere___.

問題1選項

A.renowned...relegated

B.notorious...justified

C.hailed...understood

D.ignored...recognized

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項renowned“使有聲望”，relegated“貶職，把降低到，把……置于次要地位；使（球隊）降級”；B選項notorious“聲名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”，justified“證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)?；替……辯護(hù)”；C選項hailed“稱贊；致敬；招呼”，understood“明白；懂得”；D選項ignored“忽略；不顧”，recognized“確認(rèn)，承認(rèn)；具結(jié)”。句意：《白鯨》現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為是美國文學(xué)史上的一部偉大作品，但它剛出版時卻幾乎___，直到許多年后，梅爾維爾的成就___。本句表達(dá)“《白鯨》剛出版時被人忽略，直到多年后，梅爾維爾的成就才被大家承認(rèn)”。因此D選項正確。

4.單選題

Aclassicalseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasconductedbyapsychologist,JohnCalhoun.Ineachexperiment,anequalnumberofmaleandfemaleadultratswereplacedinanenclosure.Theratpopulationwereallowedtoincrease.Calhounknewfromexperienceapproximatelyhowmanyratscouldliveintheenclosureswithoutexperiencingstressduetoovercrowding.Heallowedthepopulationtoincreasetoapproximatelytwicethisnumber.Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.Attheendoftheexperiments,Calhounwasabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindofsocialdisease.Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratwouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.

Thefemalesintheratpopulationwerethemostseriouslyaffectedbythehighpopulationdensity.Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups,andwithouttheirmother’scare,thepupsdied.Theexperimentsverifiedthatinoverpopulatedcommunities,mothersratesdonotbehavenormally.Theirbehaviormaybeconsidereddiseasedpathological.

Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.Eachofthesestrongmalesclaimedanareaoftheenclosureashisown.Therefore,theseindividualsdidnotexperiencetheovercrowdinginthesamewayastheotherratsdid.However,dominantmalesdidbehavepathologicallyattimes.Theirantisocialbehaviorconsistedofattacksonweakermale,female,andimmaturerats.Thisdeviantbehaviorshowedthateventhoughthedominantmalehadenoughlivingspace,theytoowereaffectedbythegeneralovercrowding.

Nondominantmalesintheexperimentalratcommunitiesalsoexhibiteddeviantsocialbehavior.Somewithdrewcompletely,avoidingcontactwithotherrats.Othernondominantmaleswerehyperactive,chasingotherratsandfightingeachother.Thebehavioroftheratpopulationhasparallelsinhumanbehavior.PeopleindenselypopulatedareasexhibitdeviantbehaviorsimilartothatoftheratsinCalhoun'sexperiments.InLargeurbanareas;suchasNewYorkCity,London,andCairo,thereareabandonedchildren.Therearecruel,powerfulindividual,bothmenandwomen.Therearealsopeoplewhowithdrawandpeoplewhobecomehyperactive.Istheprincipalcauseofthesedisordersoverpopulation?Calhoun’sexperimentssuggestthatitmightbe.Inanycase,socialscientistsandcityplannershavebeeninfluencedbytheresultsofthisseriesofexperiments.

1.Calhounstabilizedtheratpopulation（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowinginferencesCANNOTbemadefromtheinformationinParagraphI?

3.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（

）

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.Theauthorimpliesthatthebehaviorofthedominantmaleratsissometimesparalleltothatof（

）.

問題1選項

A.whenitwasdoublethenumberthatcouldliveintheenclosurewithoutstress.

B.byremovingyoungrats

C.sothattherewasaconstantnumberofadultratsintheenclosure

D.alloftheabovearecorrect

問題2選項

A.Calhoun’sexperimentisstillconsideredimportanttoday.

B.Overpopulationcausespathologicalbehaviorinratpopulations.

C.Stressdoesnotoccurinratcommunitiesunlessthereisovercrowding.

D.Calhounhadexperimentedwithratsbefore.

問題3選項

A.althoughratsareaffectedbyovercrowding,peoplearenotdisturbed

B.datafromexperimentsindicatethatovercrowdingmaybeanimportantcauseofsocialpathology

C.thesocialbehaviorofratsisseriouslyaffectedbyovercrowding

D.Calhoun'sexperimentshaveinfluencedmanypeople

問題4選項

A.Dominantmaleshadadequatelivingspace.

B.Dominantmaleswerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyovercrowdingastheotherrats.

C.Dominantmalesattackedweakerrats.

D.Thestrongestmalesarealwaysabletoadapttobadconditions.

問題5選項

A.cruel,powerfulpeople

B.peoplewhoabandonedtheirchildren

C.hyperactivepeople

D.alloftheabove

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞stabilizedtheratpopulation定位至第一段:...stabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers(拋棄幼崽，讓其失去母親的照顧，以此來穩(wěn)定種群數(shù)量)，因此B項正確。

2.推斷題。第一段：Calhounwasabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindofsocialdisease.卡爾霍恩能得出結(jié)論：過度擁擠導(dǎo)致鼠群中正常的社會關(guān)系斷裂，這是一種社會疾病。因此B與C都是正確的。B:種群數(shù)量過多導(dǎo)致鼠群出現(xiàn)病態(tài)行為。C:在過度擁擠的情況下，鼠群就會出現(xiàn)壓力。第一段：...experimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasconductedbyapsychologists,JohnCalhoun.：心理學(xué)家約翰?卡爾霍恩用老鼠作實驗，研究老鼠種群數(shù)量過剩對整個群體的影響,因此推斷D:卡爾霍恩曾經(jīng)用老鼠作實驗，正確。故選擇A:卡爾霍恩的實驗仍舊重要，無從推斷。

3.主旨題。B項:實驗數(shù)據(jù)表明過度擁擠是導(dǎo)致社會疾病的一個重要原因,符合文章主旨。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段：Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.Eachofthesestrongmalesclaimedanareaoftheenclosureashisown.處于統(tǒng)治地位的雄性老鼠幾乎不會受到種群數(shù)量過多的影響。因為每一只強(qiáng)壯的雄性老鼠都霸占了屬于它自己的封閉空間。...thedominantmalehadenoughlivingspace：統(tǒng)治地位的雄性老鼠有足夠的生活空間。故A:統(tǒng)治地位的雄性老鼠有合適的生活空間，正確。第三段：...theseindividualsdidnotexperiencetheovercrowdinginthesamewayastheotherratsdid.這些個體不曾嘗到其他個體所經(jīng)歷的過度擁擠。故B:統(tǒng)治地位的雄性老鼠不曾深刻體會到其他老鼠所嘗到的過度擁擠的滋味，正確第三段：Theirantisocialbehaviorconsistedofattacksonweakermale：它們的反社會行為包括攻擊弱勢雄性老鼠。故C:統(tǒng)治地位的雄性老鼠攻擊弱勢老鼠，正確。所以選擇D:強(qiáng)壯的雄性老鼠總能適應(yīng)惡劣環(huán)境，文章未提及。

5.推斷題。最后一段指出：Thebehavioroftheratpopulationhasparallelsinhumanbehavior.鼠群的行為與人類的行為相似。PeopleindenselypopulatedareasexhibitdeviantbehaviorsimilartothatoftheratsinCalhoun'sexperiments.人口密度大的地區(qū)的人也會出現(xiàn)反常行為，而這些行為與卡爾霍恩實驗中老鼠的反常行為是相似的。因此推斷A項(殘忍且強(qiáng)有力的人)正確。

5.單選題

Thepooroldmanwas（

）withdiabetesandwithoutpropermedicaltreatmenthewouldlosehiseyesightandbecomecrippledverysoon.

問題1選項

A.suffered

B.afflicted

C.induced

D.infected

【答案】B

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。suffer“遭受”；afflict“折磨”；induce“誘導(dǎo)”；infect“感染”。句意：這為可憐的老人患有糖尿病，如果沒有適當(dāng)?shù)闹委?，他就會喪失視力，很快就會殘廢。選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

Thediversityoftropicalplantsintheregionrepresentsaseemingly（

）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilized.

問題1選項

A.inexhaustible

B.exploited

C.remarkable

D.controversial

【答案】A

【解析】句意:該地區(qū)多種多樣的熱帶植物說明這里有取之不盡的原材料，而只有少量被利用。

形容詞辨析。Inexhaustible無窮無盡的;exploited被開發(fā)的;remarkable異常的，非凡的;controversial有爭議的。故A符合句意。

7.單選題

Theconceptof“environment”iscertainlydifficultandmayevenbemisunderstood;butwehavenohandysubstitute.Itseemssimpleenoughtodistinguishbetweentheorganismandthesurroundingenvironmentandtoseparateforcesactingonanorganismintothosethatareinternalandbiologicalandthosethatareexternalandenvironmental.Butinactualpracticethissystembreaksdowninmanyways,becausetheorganismandtheenvironmentareconstantlyinteractingsothattheenvironmentismodifiedbytheorganismandviceversa.Inthecaseofman,thedifficultieswiththeenvironmentalconceptareevenmorecomplicatedbecausewehavetodealwithmanasananimalandwithmanasabearerofculture.Ifwelookatmanasananimalandtrytoanalyzetheenvironmentalforcesthatareactingontheorganism,wefindthatwehavetodealwiththingslikeclimate,soil,plants,andsuch-likefactorscommontoallbiologicalsituations;butwealsofind,always,veryimportantenvironmentalinfluencesthatwecanonlyclassas“cultural”,whichmodifythephysicalandbiologicalfactors.Butman,asweknowhim,isalwaysabearerofculture;andifwestudyhumanculture,wefindthatit,inturn,ismodifiedbytheenvironmentalfactorsofclimateandgeography.Wethuseasilygetintogreatdifficultiesfromthenecessityofviewingculture,atonemoment,asapartofthemanand,atanothermoment,asapartoftheenvironment.

1.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethepopularunderstandingof“environment”astheauthorseesit?

2.Accordingtotheauthortheconceptof“environment”isdifficulttoexplainbecause（

）.

3.Inanalyzingtheenvironmentalforcesactingonmantheauthorsuggeststhat

（

）.

4.Asforculture,theauthorpointsoutthat

（

）.

5.Inthispassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

問題1選項

A.Elaborate.

B.Prejudiced

C.Faultless.

D.Oversimplified.

問題2選項

A.itdoesn’tdistinguishbetweentheorganismandtheenvironment

B.itinvolvesbothinternalandexternalforces

C.theorganismandtheenvironmentinfluenceeachother

D.therelationshipbetweentheorganismandenvironmentisunclear

問題3選項

A.biologicalfactorsarelessimportanttotheorganismthanculturalfactorstoman

B.manandotheranimalsaremodifiedequallybytheenvironmentalforces

C.manismodifiedbytheculturalenvironmentaswellasbythenaturalenvironment

D.physicalandbiologicalfactorsexertmoreinfluenceonotherorganismthanonman

問題4選項

A.itdevelopssidebysidewithenvironmentalfactors

B.itisalsoaffectedbyenvironment

C.itisgenerallyacceptedtobepartoftheenvironment

D.itisaproductofman’sbiologicalinstincts

問題5選項

A.theinterpretationoftheterm“environment”

B.thediscussionoftheorganismandbiologicalenvironment

C.thecomparisonbetweeninternalandexternalfactorsinfluencingman

D.theevaluationofman’sinfluenceonculture

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“下列哪個選項最能描述作者對‘環(huán)境’這個詞的描述？”文章第二句話提到“區(qū)分有機(jī)體和周圍環(huán)境，以及將作用于有機(jī)體的力分為內(nèi)部的、生物的、外部的和環(huán)境的看起來很容易”（Itseemssimpleenoughtodistinguishbetweentheorganismandthesurroundingenvironmentandtoseparateforcesactingonanorganismintothosethatareinternalandbiologicalandthosethatareexternalandenvironmental），所以可以看出來作者認(rèn)為把對環(huán)境的描述過于簡單化，選項D符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為‘環(huán)境’這個概念很難被解釋是因為什么？”文章第三句提到“但是在實際中，這個體系在很多方面上都不成立，因為有機(jī)體和環(huán)境不斷在相互作用，因此環(huán)境被有機(jī)體改變，反過來也如此”（Butinactualpracticethissystembreaksdowninmanyways,becausetheorganismandtheenvironmentareconstantlyinteractingsothattheenvironmentismodifiedbytheorganismandviceversa），選項C“有機(jī)體與環(huán)境相互影響”符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。題目問的是“關(guān)于環(huán)境因素作用在人類身上的分析，作者有什么建議？”文章倒數(shù)第二句話提到“但是人類一直是文化的擁有者；如果研究人類文化，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，反過來，它被氣候和地理位置等環(huán)境因素改變著”（Butman,asweknowhim,isalwaysabearerofculture;andifwestudyhumanculture,wefindthatit,inturn,ismodifiedbytheenvironmentalfactorsofclimateandgeography），因此，選項C“人類被文化環(huán)境和自然環(huán)境改變”符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“關(guān)于文化，作者指出了什么？”文章倒數(shù)第二句話提到“但是人類一直是文化的擁有者；如果研究人類文化，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，反過來，它被氣候和地理位置等環(huán)境因素改變著”（Butman,asweknowhim,isalwaysabearerofculture;andifwestudyhumanculture,wefindthatit,inturn,ismodifiedbytheenvironmentalfactorsofclimateandgeography），由此可知，文化也是受環(huán)境因素影響的，因此選項B“它也受環(huán)境的影響”符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。題目問的是“作者主要闡述了什么問題？”文章第一句話提到“雖然‘環(huán)境’這個概念很難理解，甚至可能被誤解，但是我們沒有別的替代物”（Theconceptof“environment”iscertainlydifficultandmayevenbemisunderstood;butwehavenohandysubstitute），之后都是圍繞這個話題展開，由此可知文章主要闡述的就是對“環(huán)境”這個術(shù)語的解釋。選項A“對“環(huán)境”的解釋”符合題意。

8.單選題

Square-jawed,withapastycomplexionandanathleticbutnotoverlybulked-upbuild,helookslikeamanmeanttohaveawhistlearoundhisneck.

問題1選項

A.sallow

B.vivid

C.pale

D.blushing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項sallow“氣色不好的；灰黃色的”；B選項vivid“生動的；鮮明的；鮮艷的”；C選項pale“蒼白的；無力的；暗淡的”；D選項blushing“鮮紅的；臉紅的”。句意：他長著方下巴，臉色蒼白，體格健壯但不太結(jié)實，看起來就像脖子上掛著個口哨的人。pasty“蒼白的；面糊似的”，C選項與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

Peoplearewaitingfor____whetherthemanisinnocentornot.

問題1選項

A.prediction

B.perturbation

C.confirmation

D.expectation

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.prediction預(yù)測B.perturbation煩惱

C.confirmation證實；確認(rèn)書D.expectation預(yù)期

【答案】C

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】空格處前后語義為“人們正在等待____這個人是否無辜?！庇纱丝芍?，首先，空格處所填詞是人們的等待的內(nèi)容；其次該詞后接了一個定語從句，內(nèi)容為“這個人是否無辜”，這是一個需要確認(rèn)的事情，因此，C選項confirmation“證實；確認(rèn)書”最符合前后語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】

A選項prediction“預(yù)測”，指的是表達(dá)可能會發(fā)生什么事情的陳述，或發(fā)表這種陳述的行為，與后文“這個人是否無辜”搭配不當(dāng)，要么無辜，要么有罪；

B選項perturbation“煩惱”，與前后文搭配不當(dāng)；

D選項expectation“預(yù)期”，與前后文搭配不當(dāng)。

【句意】人們正在等待確認(rèn)這個人是否無辜。

10.單選題

Hearsayevidenceconsistsofstatementsmadeoutofcourtbysomeonewhoisnotpresenttotestifyunderoathatatrial.

問題1選項

A.mistrust

B.dispute

C.scrutiny

D.pledge

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。oath表示“誓言，誓約，詛咒”；A項mistrust“不信任，懷疑”，B項dispute“辯論，爭吵，意見不同”，C項scrutiny“詳細(xì)審查，監(jiān)視，細(xì)看”，D項pledge“保證，誓言，抵押”。句意：非直接證據(jù)指的是某人在法庭上宣誓作證時所作的證詞。因此，根據(jù)句意可知D選項正確。

11.單選題

Hispositionwascontrarytothatoftheteacher's.

問題1選項

A.similar

B.opposite

C.foreseeable

D.contentious

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。題目中becontraryto表示“與……相反”；A選項besimilarto表示“與……類似的，相似的”；B選項beoppositeto表示“與……相反的，對立的”；C選項為“可預(yù)見的，可預(yù)知的”；D選項為“有異議的，有爭論的”。由句意可知，他的位置與老師相反。因此，正確答案是B項。

12.單選題

Thepurposeofthelecturewasto（

）themassesoftheUnitedStateswiththeelementaryproblemsofLatinAmerica.

問題1選項

A.inform

B.acquaint

C.instruct

D.announce

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。inform“通知”；acquaint“了解”；instruct“通知，指導(dǎo)”；announce“宣布”。句意：講座的目的是為了使美國大眾了解拉丁美洲的基本問題。acquaintsb.withsth.“使某人了解某事”。選項B符合題意。

13.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

國務(wù)院總理溫家寶3月5日在十一屆全國人大三次會議上作政府工作報告時提出，要堅定不移推進(jìn)改革。進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大開放。要全面適應(yīng)國際形勢變化和國內(nèi)發(fā)展要求，拓展對外開放的廣度和深度。

溫家寶提出，要穩(wěn)定發(fā)展對外貿(mào)易。今年的主要著力點是拓市場、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、促平衡。堅持實施市場多元化戰(zhàn)略和以質(zhì)取勝戰(zhàn)略落實和完善出口退稅、出口信貸、出口信用保險等各項政策措施，繼續(xù)改善海關(guān)、質(zhì)檢、外匯等方面的服務(wù)。

溫家寶表示，要推動利用外資和對外投資協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。優(yōu)化利用外資結(jié)構(gòu)，鼓勵外資投向高端制造業(yè)、高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)、現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)、新能源和節(jié)能環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)，鼓勵跨國公司在華設(shè)立地區(qū)總部等各類功能性機(jī)構(gòu)，鼓勵中外企業(yè)加強(qiáng)研發(fā)合作?！白叱鋈ァ钡钠髽I(yè)要依法經(jīng)營，規(guī)避風(fēng)險，防止惡性競爭，維護(hù)國家整體利益和良好形象。

溫家寶提出，要深化多邊雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)合作。加強(qiáng)和改善與發(fā)達(dá)國家的經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系，深化與發(fā)展中國家的互利合作。發(fā)揮經(jīng)濟(jì)高層對話和雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)聯(lián)委會作用。加快自由貿(mào)易區(qū)建設(shè)步伐。積極參與多哈回合談判，推動早日達(dá)成更加合理、平衡的談判結(jié)果。反對各種形式的保護(hù)主義，妥善處理貿(mào)易摩擦。

【答案】WhiledeliveringagovernmentworkreportattheThirdSessionoftheEleventhNationalPeople'sCongressonMarch5,PremierWenJiabaoputforwardthatwemustunswervinglyadvancereformandfurtherexpandopeningup,wemustfullyadapttochangesintheinternationalsituation,meettheneedsofdomesticdevelopment,andexpandthebreadthanddepthofopeningup.

WenJiabaoproposedthatwewillseekforstabledevelopmentofforeigntrade.Hesaidthatthisyear’smainfocusesareonopeningnewmarkets,adjustingstructure,promotingbalance;weshouldcontinueourmarketdiversificationstrategyandwin-through-qualitystrategy,implementandimproveexporttaxrefund,exportcredit,exportcreditinsuranceandotherpoliciesandmeasures;weshouldcontinuetoimproveserviceincustoms,qualityinspectionsandforeignexchangeandotherareas.

WenJiabaosaidthatweshouldpromotecoordinateddevelopmentbetweenusingothercountries’investmentinChinaandmakingChineseinvestmentoverseas;weshouldoptimizethestructureofforeigncapitalutilization,encourageforeigncapitaltobeinvestedinhigh-endmanufacturingindustry,highandnewtechnologicalindustry,modemserviceindustry,newenergyindustry,energy-savingandenvironment-friendlyindustries;wemustencouragemultinationalcorporationstosetupregionalheadquartersandotherfunctionalagenciesinChina,encouragetheChineseandforeignenterprisestostrengthenresearchanddevelopmentcooperation;theenterprisesthathave"goneglobal"shouldoperateinaccordancewiththelaw,avoidrisks,preventviciouscompetition,andsafeguardthecountry'soverallinterestsandgoodimage.

WenJiabaoproposedthatwewilldeepenmultilateralandbilateralbusinesscooperation;wewillstrengthenandimprovetheeconomicandtraderelationswithdevelopedcountries,anddeepenmutuallybeneficialcooperationwithdevelopingcountries;wewillmakefulluseofthe