考研考博-英語-常州大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-常州大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

TheEnglishteacherpausedafewseconds______themosteffectivewordtoexpresshismeaning.

問題1選項

A.embarkingon

B.embroilingin

C.branchingout

D.gropingfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語辨析。A項embarkon“從事，著手，登上船”，B項embroilin“使（自己或某人）卷入，牽連”，C項branchout“長出枝條，擴展范圍，偏離主題”，D項gropefor“探索”。由themosteffectiveword“最有效的詞”可知，四個選項中只有g(shù)ropefor符合語境。句意：英語老師停頓了幾秒鐘，想找一個最有效的詞來表達他的意思。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.單選題

InhistypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication,Mr.HayesconfrontedIsabetaaboutnotlookingathim.Reluctantly,sheexplainedwhy.AsanewcomerfromMexico,shehadbeentaughttoavoideyecontactasamarkofrespecttoauthorityfigures,teachers,employers,parents.Mr.Hayesdidnotknowthis.HetheninformedherthatmostAmericasinterpretlackofeyecontactasdisrespectanddeviousness.Ultimately,heconvincedIsabelatotryandchangeherhabit,whichsheslowlydid.

PeoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericas,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.Amaster’sthesisbySamuelAvoian,agraduatestudentatCentralMissouriStateUniversity,tellshowmisinterpretingeye-contactcustomscanhaveanegativeimpactwhenwhitefootballcoachesrecruitAfricanAmericanplayersfortheteams.

Hereportsthat,whenspeaking,whitecommunicatorsusuallylookawayfromthelistener,onlyperiodicallyglancingatthem.Theydotheopposite,whenlisteningtheyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.

ManyAfricanAmericascommunicateinanoppositeway.Whenspeaking,theytendtoconstantlystareatthelistener;whenlistening,theymostlylookaway.Therefore,ifwhitesportsrecruitersarenotinformedaboutthesesignificantdifferences,theycanbemisledaboutinterestandattentivenesswheninterviewingprospectiveAfricanAmericanballplayers.

InmulticulturalAmerica,issuesofeyecontacthavebroughtaboutsocialconflictsoftwodifferentkindsinmanyurbancenters;non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.Thecustomerstranslatedthelackofeyecontactasasignofdisrespect,ahabitblamedforcontributingtotheopenconfrontationtakingplacebetweensomeAsiansandAfricanAmericasinNewYork,Texas,andCalifornia.ManyteacherstoohaveprovidedstoriesaboutclassroomconflictsbasedontheirmisunderstandingAsianandLatinAmericanchildren’lackofeyecontactasbeingdisrespectful.

Ontheotherhand,directeyecontacthasnowtakenonanewmeaningamongtheyoungergenerationandacrossethnicborders.Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.

Mad-dogginghasbecomethesourceofmanycampusconflicts.Inonehighschool,itresultedinafightbetweenCambodiannewcomersandAfrican-Americanstudents.TheCambodianshadbeenstaringattheotherstudentsmerelytolearnhowAmericansbehave,yettheothersmisinterpretedtheCambodians'intentionsandthefightbegan.

Mad-doggingseemstobeconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontactasasignofrespect.Thus,intheurbancontemporaryyouthscene,ifonelooksdirectlyatanother,thisdisrespects,or"disses"thatperson.Muchlikethearchaicphrase"Idemandsatisfaction”，whichbecametheoverturetoaduel,mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.AttheentrancestoUniversalStudio’s"CityWalk"attractioninLosAngeles,theyhavepostedCodeofConductsigns.Thesecondrulewarnsagainst"physicallyoverballythreateninganyperson,fighting,annoyingothersthroughnoisyorboisterousactivitiesorbyunnecessarystaring..."

1.ManyAfricanAmericansfromtheSouth（

）.

2.Whenlisteningtotheothers,whitecommunicatorstendto

（

）.

3.ManycustomersinAmericancitiesareangrywithKoreanshopkeepersbecause（

）.

4.Mad-doggingrefersto

（

）.

5.Thearchaicphrase,"Idemandsatisfaction"（

）.

問題1選項

A.adoptatypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication

B.oftenmisinterpretthemeaningofeyecontact

C.avoideyecontactasasignofrespect

D.aretaughttoavoideyecontactwhenevertellingtotheothers

問題2選項

A.lookatthespeakerallthetime

B.glanceatthespeakerperiodically

C.lookawayfromthespeaker

D.stareatthespeaker

問題3選項

A.Koreanshopkeepersdonotlookatthemdirectly

B.theyexpectamoreenthusiasticreflectionfromtheshopkeepers

C.therearesomesocialconflictsinmanyurbancenters

D.theyarenotinformedaboutdifferencebetweencultures

問題4選項

A.thesourceofmanycampusconflictsacrossethnicbordersinurbancenters

B.physicalconflictamongtheyoungergenerationinurbancenters

C.alackofeyecontactasasignofrespect

D.aprovocationfromoneteenagertoanotherofadifferentethnicbackground

問題5選項

A.wasconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontact

B.oftenledtoafight

C.wasasignofdisrespect

D.oftenresultedinsomekindofmisinterpretation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘許多非洲裔美國人來自南方…?！傻诙沃械谝痪洹癙eoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericas,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.很多亞洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比海文化的人也通過避開眼神來表示尊敬。很多非裔美國人，尤其是來自南部的那些人，也遵守這個風俗。”確定C選項“避開眼神接觸作為尊敬的表示”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘當聽到別人說話時，白人交流者傾向于…’。由第三段第二句“Theydotheopposite,whenlisteningtheyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.他們做的正好相反，當他們在聽的時候，他們總是要看著說話的人。”確定A選項“一直看著講話者”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘許多美國城市的顧客對韓國店主感到憤怒，因為…’。由第五段中第二句“non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.當韓國人店主沒有直視他們時，非韓國顧客會變得生氣?！贝_定A選項“韓國人店主沒有直視他們”正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘Mad-dogging指的是…’。由倒數(shù)第四段第二句"Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.尤其是在城市中心，當一個青少年直視另一個青少年時，這被認為是一種挑釁，有時被稱為“瘋狂跟蹤”，并可能導(dǎo)致身體沖突?！贝_定D選項“一個青少年對另外一位來自不同文化背景的青少年的一種挑釁”正確。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘古老的短語“我要求滿足”…’。由倒數(shù)第二段第三句“Muchlikethearchaicphrase"Idemandsatisfaction",whichbecametheoverturetoaduel,mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.就像古老的短語“我要求滿足”(Idemandsatisfaction)成為決斗的序曲一樣，冷眼盯著可能成為身體接觸的前奏?！贝_定B選項“經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致打架”正確。

3.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Theyhavetolearnhowtoavoidbodycontact.

B.Theyneedtokeepmovingtoavoidgettinghurt.

C.Theybelieveinteamspiritforgoodperformance.

D.Theyarelikelytogetinjuredwhenmovingtoofast.

問題2選項

A.Theykeepthemselvesbusyevenafterretirement.

B.Theydonotstartenjoyinglifeuntilfullretirement.

C.Theytendtolivealongerlifewithearlyretirement.

D.Theydonothavemanyyearstoliveafterretirement.

問題3選項

A.Itslowsdownouragingprocess.

B.Itpreventsusfromworrying.

C.Itenablesustoaccomplishmoreinlife.

D.Itprovidesuswithmorechancestolearn.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

【解析】PassageOne

Relatedtothe“useitorloseit”lawisthe“keepmoving”principle.Welearnaboutstagnationfromnature.Ariverthatstopsmovinggetssmelly.Thesamethinghappenstopeoplewhostopmoving,eithermentallyorphysically.[9]Thosewhoplaycontactsportsknowthattheplayerwhousuallygetshurtthemostistheonewhoisstandingstill.Ofcourse,you’llneedsometimetocatchyourbreatheverysooften,buttheessentialmassageiskeepmoving,extendingandlearning.Shipslastalotlongerwhentheygotoseathanwhentheystayintheharbor.Thesameistrueforairplanes.Youdon’tpreserveanairplanebykeepingitontheground.Youpreserveitbykeepingitinservice.Wealsogettolivealonghealthylifebystayinginservice.[10]Longevitystatisticsrevealthattheaveragepersondoesn’tlastverylongafterretirement.Themorewe’llhearisdon’tretire.Ifafellowsays“I’m94yearsoldandIworkedallmylife”,weneedtorealize,thatishowhegottobe94,bystayinginvolved.GeorgeBernardShawwonaNobelPrizewhenhewasnearly70.BenjaminFranklinproducedsomeofhisbestwritingsattheageof84,andPabloPicassoputbrushtocanvasrightthroughhiseighties.Isn’ttheissuehowoldwethinkweare?[11]Abonuswiththe“keepmoving”principleisthatwhilewekeepmoving,wedon’thaveachancetoworry.Hence,weavoidthedreadedparalysisbyanalysis.

9.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutplayersofcontactsports?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于接觸式運動的運動員，說話者說了什么？錄音開頭提到，從事接觸式運動的人都知道，受傷最嚴重的往往是那些站著不動的人。B選項“他們需要保持移動以免受傷”是此處的同義表述，因此B選項正確。錄音中提及接觸式運動是不可能避免身體接觸的，因此A選項“他們必須學(xué)會如何避免身體接觸”不正確；C選項“他們相信有團隊精神才能取得好成績”在錄音中沒有提及；錄音中強調(diào)的是站著不動的人往往受傷最嚴重，因此D選項“移動速度過快時可能受傷”不正確。

10.Whatdolongevitystatisticsrevealabouttheaverageperson?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問壽命統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)揭示了普通人的什么？錄音提到，壽命統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示，一般人退休后活不了多久（theaveragepersondoesn’tlastverylongafterretirement）。因此D選項“他們退休后沒有多少年的生活時間”正確。本題的干擾項是A選項，錄音中有提到幾位名人在很大的年紀也一直忙個不停，但并沒有說這是一般人退休后的狀態(tài)，因此A選項不正確；B選項“他們直到完全退休后才開始享受生活”和C選項“提前退休他們往往壽命更長”在錄音中均沒有提及，因此可排除。

11.Whatbonusdoesthe“keepmoving”principlebringusaccordingtothespeaker?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問“不斷前進”的原則能給我們帶來什么好處？錄音最后部分提到：“不斷前進”原則的一個好處是，當我們不斷前進時，我們沒有機會擔憂（wedon’thaveachancetoworry），B選項是此處的同義表述，因此正確。A選項“它減緩了我們的衰老過程”和C選項“它使我們能夠在生活中取得更多成就”在錄音中沒有信息提及；D選項“它為我們提供了更多的學(xué)習機會”主要是achance造成了干擾，錄音中說的是achancetoworry，并不是chancestolearn，因此不正確。

4.單選題

Thegreatflames（）throughthedarkness.

問題1選項

A.glared

B.shone

C.shot

D.flared

【答案】D

【解析】glare怒視，瞪眼；shine閃耀，多指光照，光線等；shoot射擊；flare閃耀，多指火焰等。句意：巨大的火焰在夜空中閃耀。所以選項D正確。

5.單選題

Allthestudentsofthisuniversityhavefree（

）totheInternetviaabroadbandconnection.

問題1選項

A.access

B.entrance

C.permission

D.passageway

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：大學(xué)的所有學(xué)生通過連接寬帶都可以免費上網(wǎng)。access“進入；機會”；entrance“入口”；permission“允許，許可”；passageway“通道，走廊”。根據(jù)句意，選項A符合題意。

6.單選題

She’salwaysbeenkindtome—Ican’tjustturn（）onhernowthatsheneedsmyhelp.

問題1選項

A.myback

B.myhead

C.myeye

D.myshoulder

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。turnone’sbackon為固定搭配，意為“不理會……，不肯給予……幫助”。句意：句意：她對我一直很好，現(xiàn)在她需要我的幫助，我不能不管。由搭配和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

7.單選題

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehatsforexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarII,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy”lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater;anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou'llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare______.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto______.

3.Causesoffashionsare_______.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes______.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

問題2選項

A.confidenceinlife

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.individualhairstyle

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

問題3選項

A.uniform

B.varied

C.unknown

D.inexplicable

問題4選項

A.uniformity

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

問題5選項

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations.

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations.

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations.

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.（我們中很少有人滿足于接受自己的現(xiàn)狀，也很少有人敢忽視時尚潮流）可知C選項“很難忽視時尚”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment（我們將能夠充滿信心地認識新的人，并且能夠自信地、毫不尷尬地處理每一件事）可知時尚雜志和電視廣告將時尚與人的自信聯(lián)系在一起，因此選A。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.（有時是方便或?qū)嶋H需要，或僅僅是一個有影響力的人的幻想就能建立起一種時尚）可知導(dǎo)致時尚變化的原因是多變的，因此選B。

4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.（不再需要像其他人那樣穿衣服了。在合理的范圍內(nèi)，你可以穿自己喜歡的衣服，也可以用你喜歡的方式做頭發(fā)，而不是你應(yīng)該做的樣子，因為這是時尚）可知當今社會更尊重個人選擇，強調(diào)個性化，因此選D。

5.主旨大意題。由文章最后一段中的第一句Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.（同時，外表在某些情況下仍然很重要，所以我們必須謹慎地選擇我們的衣服）可知A選項“在正式場合下需要注意外貌形象”符合題意。

8.單選題

Itisawell-knownfactthatthecatfamily___lionsandtigers.

問題1選項

A.enriches

B.accommodates

C.adopts

D.embraces

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項enriches“使充實；使肥沃；使富足”；B選項accommodates“容納；使適應(yīng)；供應(yīng)；調(diào)解”；C選項adopts“采??；接受；收養(yǎng)；正式通過”；D選項embraces“擁抱；欣然采納；信奉；包含”。句意：眾所周知，貓科動物___獅子和老虎。本句表達“貓科動物包括老虎和獅子”，因此D選項正確。

9.翻譯題

現(xiàn)代城市對人類的悲劇性影響在于它扼殺了人類的美感。一個富足社會的物質(zhì)利益使人們的注意力從城市和文化的底蘊轉(zhuǎn)移到科技產(chǎn)品上：洗衣機、中央供暖、自動炊具、電視機、電腦和尺寸形狀恰好的地毯。此時此刻，他們沉醉在民主、小康、有車開的幸福中，生活從來沒有這么好。

他們不愿意走路。統(tǒng)計表明：他們把從停車場到購物中心的距離設(shè)計得很短，由于沒有足夠的遠離街道的停車設(shè)施，城市到處都是在馬路隨便停靠的汽車和停車計價表。擁擠成為影響環(huán)境的主要因素，從統(tǒng)計中看出：每個家庭擁有兩輛車的狀況會使事情更糟。

同時，“地價”帶來的不僅是傷害，還有侮辱。土地的價值緣于它的用途，它的收入來自它提供的服務(wù)。當它的用途被加強，它的收入和價值也就增加?！俺浞趾侠砝猛恋亍背蔀槌鞘邪l(fā)展主要經(jīng)濟標準。這種投機的方法和人口增長帶來的壓力導(dǎo)致了城市的“垂直”上升，人們也不得不適應(yīng)這種擁擠來維持這些相對虛假的土地價值?；闹嚨氖窃噲D消除擁擠的良方就是創(chuàng)造更多的擁擠。

部分的分散，或者叫虛假的分散，在遠離傳統(tǒng)市鎮(zhèn)中心的地方大片開發(fā)，只是把疾病轉(zhuǎn)移到市鎮(zhèn)的周邊。如果沒有和市鎮(zhèn)交通系統(tǒng)重建相結(jié)合起來的話，就無法治愈。對于這一點，鋪設(shè)復(fù)雜的十字路口的必要性強烈影響工程解決辦法，反過來，又被夸張的地價挫敗。

【答案】Thetragicinfluenceofmoderncitiesonhumanbeingsisthattheykillthebeautyofhumanbeings.Thematerialbenefitsofanaffluentsocietydivertattentionfromthecityanditsculturalheritagetotechnologicalproducts:washingmachines,centralheating,automaticcookers,televisions,computersandfloorcoveringsoftherightsizeandshape.Atthismoment,theyareintoxicatedindemocracy,well-off,carhappiness,lifehasneverbeensogood.

Theyareunwillingtowalk.Statisticsshowthattheyhavedesignedashortdistancefromtheparkinglottothecenterofshopping.Sincetherearenotenoughparkingfacilitiesfarawayfromthestreet,thecityisfullofcarsandparkingmetersrandomlyparkedonthestreet.Crowdinghasbecomeamajorfactorintheenvironment,andbyallaccounts,havingtwocarsperfamilymakesthingsworse.

Atthesametime,“l(fā)andprice”bringsnotonlyhurt,butalsoinsult.Landisvaluedforitsuse,anditsincomecomesfromtheservicesitprovides.Whenitsuseisstrengthened,itsincomeandvalueincrease.“Makefullandreasonableuseofland”becamethemaineconomicstandardofurbandevelopment.Thisspeculativeapproachandthepressuresofpopulationgrowthhaveledtoa“vertical”riseincities,andpeoplehavehadtoadapttothecrowdingtomaintaintheserelativelyfalselandvalues.Paradoxically,thebestwaytotrytoeliminatecongestionistocreatemore.

Partialdispersions,orfalsedispersions,developlargetractsoflandfarfromthetraditionaltowncenter,merelymovingdiseasetotheperipheryofthetown.Thereisnocureifitisnotcombinedwiththereconstructionofthetown’stransportsystem.Tothisend,thenecessityoflayingcomplexintersectionsstronglyinfluencesengineeringsolutions,whichinturnarefrustratedbyexaggeratedlandprices.

10.單選題

KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsistedkingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeantheunitingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?

TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchywhenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarized,asitwas.FollowingtheendoftheFranceregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.

Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs'continuingpopularityasheadsofstates.Andso;theMiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdomsnotcountingVaticancityandAndorra.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectablepublicfigure.

Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside,symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory―andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday―embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThornesPikettyandotherecumenistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticfamiliesandshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princeandprincesshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtostriveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchyreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-healed)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskingsofrepublicanswhoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlofSpain（

）.

2.MonarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropemostly（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

4.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

問題1選項

A.usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport

B.wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals

C.endedhisreigninembarrassment

D.easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

問題2選項

A.owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

B.toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality

C.togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto

D.duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment

問題3選項

A.Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth

B.Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies

C.Theroleofthenobilityinmodemdemocracies

D.Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges

問題4選項

A.takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues

B.failstochangehislifestyleasadvised

C.takesrepublicansashispotentialallies

D.failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole

問題5選項

A.Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

B.Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

C.Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

D.Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown(然而在近來歐洲選舉中所留下的令人尷尬的丑聞和共和黨人的聲望卻迫使他食言而退位)。由此可知C項“尷尬地結(jié)束自己的統(tǒng)治”正確。

2.判斷推理題。第三段指出:Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs'continuingpopularityasheadsofstates(這種明顯的政治超越解釋了君主們作為國家元首的持續(xù)受歡迎)。...mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectablepublicfigure.……(大多數(shù)皇室幸存的原因是他們讓選民避免困難地去尋找沒有爭議但卻可敬重的公眾人物)。由此可知A項“由于他們無疑問且可敬重的地位”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:...itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticfamiliesandshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticstates(奇怪的是富有的貴族家鹿應(yīng)該仍然是現(xiàn)代民主家庭和國家的象征性核心),由此可知C項“貴族在現(xiàn)代民主政治中的角色”正確。

4.推理判斷題。最后一段指出:ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld(危險將從查爾斯（王子）開始，他有一種奢華的生活品味，且對世界有著相當?shù)燃壷贫鹊挠^點)。可推知B項“未能按照建議來改變自己的生活方式”正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章第二段指出:.事實上當公眾輿論特別兩極分化時，西班牙國王退位的例子為支持和反對君主政治提供了論據(jù)。而且后續(xù)段落圍繞“歐洲君主們應(yīng)對君主政體所面臨的危機而采取的方式”可推知B項“對所有歐洲君主們而言是一個教訓(xùn)的西班牙國王胡安?卡洛斯”比較適合作文章標題。

11.單選題

Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledtheSecondIndustrialRevolution.

Labor’sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyaboutitseffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnologicalchangeisfutile.Inthelongrun,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Unquestionably,however,therewillbemajorshiftsinjobswithinplantsanddisplacementoflaborfromoneindustrytoanother.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthistransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.

Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitsplans.ItisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinSUBplanhasadirectfinancialstakeinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongincentiveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibledisruptioninjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlylaidoffworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaoftheimprovementfactor,whichcallsforwageincreasebasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itisprobable,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.

1.Welearnfromparagraph1thatautomationwillprobablyleadto（

）.

2.Laborhastheopinionthat（

）.

3.Whatistherelationbetweenautomationandemploymentintheopinionoflabor?

4.Theunionstressesthat（

）.

5.Howmanynewpoliciesoftheunionshavebeenlistedinthispassage?

問題1選項

A.industrialexpansion

B.anincreaseinemployment

C.displacementoflaborfromoneindustrytoanother

D.anincreaseinunemployment

問題2選項

A.alleffortsmustbemadetopreventautomation

B.automationwillcauseariseinconsumercosts

C.itsmaininterestliesinincreasingallwages

D.technologicalchangecannotbestopped

問題3選項

A.Automationwilldefinitelyleadstomoreunemployment.

B.Fromalong-termpointofviewautomationwillbringaboutmorejobs.

C.Automationwillnotcausemuchchangeinemployment.

D.Sooneroflaterautomationwilldoalltheworkinsteadofman.

問題4選項

A.workersshouldalsoenjoythefruitsbroughtaboutbyautomation

B.noworkersshouldbefiredinthedevelopmentofautomation

C.itisnecessarytoslowdownthedevelopmentofautomation

D.workersshouldbepaidaccordingtotheirlengthofservice

問題5選項

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.4

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“自動化減少了生產(chǎn)過程中的人為因素，包括精神和身體上的因素，旨在使這樣一種情況成為可能——用更少的工人生產(chǎn)更多的產(chǎn)品?！庇纱丝赏茢啵と藴p少會導(dǎo)致失業(yè)率上升，所以這就是自動化所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。選項D正確。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnologicalchangeisfutile.”總的來說，勞動者們認為抵制技術(shù)變革是徒勞的。選項D符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Inthelongrun,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.”從長遠來看，自動化的結(jié)果很可能會導(dǎo)致就業(yè)的增加，因為在制造、維護和維修自動化設(shè)備領(lǐng)域?qū)霈F(xiàn)大量的行業(yè)。選項B符合原文。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.”工會發(fā)言人強調(diào)，自動化帶來產(chǎn)量增加和成本