考研考博-英語-蘭州交通大學博文學院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-蘭州交通大學博文學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Whenyouareinexcellenthealth,deathis（

）unimaginable.

問題1選項

A.nothingbut

B.afterall

C.aboveall

D.allbut

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語搭配。nothingbut“只不過，只有”；afterall“畢竟”；aboveall“總之”；allbut“幾乎”。句意：當你身體健康的時候，死亡幾乎是不可想象的。

2.單選題

Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,（）byhisguide,wouldfindhiswaythroughthejungle.

問題1選項

A.havingbeendeserted

B.havingdeserted

C.tohavebeendeserted

D.tobedeserted

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。動詞desert和主語explorer是被動關系，B選項havingdesert“拋棄”表示主動，所以B選項排除，C選項tohavebeendeserted和D選項tobedeserted都表示“將要被拋棄”，A選項havingbeendeserted相當于whohadbeendeserted，用來修飾explorer，表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被拋棄。句意：那位探險家被向?qū)нz棄后，要找到穿過叢林的路似乎沒有什么希望了。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項。

3.單選題

TheUnitedNationsConferenceonDrugAbuse,whichtookplaceearlierthisyearinVienna,wasavery（

）meeting.

問題1選項

A.productive

B.overwhelming

C.compulsory

D.protective

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。productive“多產(chǎn)的，富有成效的”；overwhelming“壓倒性的”；compulsory“強制的”；protective“保護的”。句意：今年早些時候聯(lián)合國在維也納召開的濫用藥品大會取得了相當大的成果。選項A符合題意。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

釣魚是一項能夠陶冶性情的運動，有益于身心健康。著名的詞作家喬羽說：“釣魚可以分為三個階段：第一階段是吃魚；第二階段是吃魚和情趣兼而有之；第三個階段主要是釣趣，面對一池碧水，將憂心煩惱全都拋到一邊，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”

【答案】Fishingisasportthatcanhelpimproveone’stemperament.Itisgoodforphysicalandmentalhealth.Thewell-knownsongwriterQiaoYusaid:“Fishingfallsintothreestages.Thefirststageisjustforeatingfish.Thesecondstageisforenjoyingthepleasureoffishingaswellaseatingfish.Thethirdstageismainlyforthepleasureoffishingfacingapoolofclearwater,onecastsasideallanxietiesandworriesandenjoysagoodmentalandphysicalrest.

5.單選題

Whenfacedwithdoubtsfromsomeadvisersontheattemptedinvasion,thepresidentignoredthem.

問題1選項

A.failedtonotice

B.putupwith

C.stoodupfor

D.refusedtoconsider

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。根據(jù)句意：當面對一些顧問對入侵企圖的質(zhì)疑時，總統(tǒng)……了他們。ignore意為“忽略，忽視”。A選項failtonotice“沒有注意到”；B選項putupwith“容忍，忍受”；C選項standupfor“支持，擁護”；D選項refusetoconsider“拒絕考慮”。選項A與之意思最為接近，代入符合語境。

6.單選題

Whenweworryaboutwhomightbespyingonourprivatelives,weusuallythinkabouttheFederalagents.Buttheprivatesectoroutdoesthegovernmenteverytime.It’sLindaTripp,nottheFBI,whoisfacingchargesunderMaryland’slawsagainstsecrettelephonetaping.It’sourbanks,nottheInternalRevenueService(IRS),thatpassourprivatefinancialdatatotelemarketingfirms.

ConsumeractivistsarepressingCongressforbetterprivacylawswithoutmuchresultsofar.Thelegislatorsleantowardlettingbusinesspeopletrackourfinancialhabitsvirtuallyatwill.

Asanexampleofwhat’sgoingon,considerU.S.Bancorp,whichwasrecentlysuedfordeceptivepracticesbythestateofMinnesota.Accordingtothelawsuit,thebanksuppliedatelemarketercalledMemberWorkswithsensitivecustomerdatasuchasnames,phonenumbers,bank-accountandcredit-cardnumbers,SocialSecuritynumbers,accountbalancesandcreditlimits.

Withthesecustomerlistsinhand,MemberWorksstarteddialingfordollars-sellingdentalplans,videogames,computersoftwareandotherproductsandservices.Customerswhoaccepteda“freetrialoffer”had,30daystocancel.Ifthedeadlinepassed,theywerechargedautomaticallythroughtheirbankorcredit-cardaccounts.U.S.Bancorpcollectedashareoftherevenues.

Customersweredoublydeceived,thelawsuitclaims.Theydidn’tknowthatthebankwasgivingaccountnumberstoMemberWorks.Andifcustomersasked,theywereledtothinktheanswerwasno.

ThestatesuedMemberWorksseparatelyfordeceptiveselling.Thecompanydeniesthatitdidanythingwrong.Foritspart,U.S.Bancorpsettledwithoutadmittinganymistakes.Butitagreedtostopexposingitscustomerstonofinancialproductssoldbyoutsidefirms.Afewtopbanksdecidedtodothesame.ManyotherbankswillstilldobusinesswithMemberWorksandsimilarfirms.

Andbankswillstillbeminingdatafromyouraccountinordertosellyoufinancialproducts,includingthingsoflittlevalue,suchascreditinsuranceandcredit-cardprotectionplants.

Youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.Forexample,nofederallawshields“transactionandexperience”information-mainlythedetailsofyourbankandcredit-cardaccounts.SocialSecuritynumbersareforsalebyprivatefirms.They’vegenerallyagreednottoselltothepublic.Buttobusinesses,thenumbersareanopenbook.Self-regulationdoesn'twork.Afirmmightpublishaprivacy-protectionpolicy,butwhoenforcesit?

TakeU.S.Bancorpagain.Customersweretold,inwriting,that“allpersonalinformationyousupplytouswillbeconsideredconfidential.”ThenitsoldyourdatatoMemberWorks.Thebankevenclaimsthatitdoesn’t“sell”yourdataatall.Itmerely“shares”itandreapsaprofit.Nowyouknow.

1.Contrarytopopularbelief,theauthorfindsthatspyingonpeople’sprivacy（

）.

2.Weknowfromthepassagethat

（

）.

3.Whenthe“freetrial”deadlineisover,you’llbechargedwithoutnoticeforaproductorserviceif

（

）.

4.Businessesdonotregardinformationconcerningpersonalbankaccountsasprivatebecause

（

）.

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.ispracticedexclusivelybytheFBI

B.ismoreprevalentinbusinesscircles

C.hasbeenintensifiedwiththehelpoftheIRS

D.ismainlycarriedoutbymeansofsecrettaping

問題2選項

A.thestateofMinnesotaisconsideringdrawinguplawstoprotectprivateinformation

B.moststatesareturningablindeyetothedeceptivepracticesofprivatebusinesses

C.legislatorsareactingtopassalawtoprovidebetterprivacyprotection

D.lawmakersareinclinedtogiveafreehandtobusinessestoinquireintocustomers'buyinghabits

問題3選項

A.youhappentorevealyourcreditcardnumber

B.youfailtocancelitwithinthespecifiedperiod

C.youfailtoapplyforextensionofthedeadline

D.youfindtheproductorserviceunsatisfactory

問題4選項

A.itisconsidered“transactionandexperience”informationunprotectedbylaw

B.ithasalwaysbeenconsideredanopensecretbythegeneralpublic

C.itssalecanbebroughtundercontrolthroughself-regulation

D.itsrevelationwilldonoharmtoconsumersunderthecurrentprotectionpolicy

問題5選項

A.bankswillhavetochangetheirwaysofdoingbusiness

B.“freetrial”practicewilleventuallybebanned

C.privacyprotectionlawswillsoonbeenforced

D.consumers’privacywillcontinuetobeinvaded

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第一段指出:當我們擔心誰可能在監(jiān)視我們的私生活時，我們通常會想到聯(lián)邦特工。但私營部門每次都比政府過分。琳達?特里普(而不是聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局)正被馬里蘭州法律指控窺探私人電話錄音。是銀行(而不是國稅局（IRS）)，把我們的私人財務數(shù)據(jù)傳遞給電話營銷公司。由此推斷,窺探私人隱私的往往不是我們以為的政府,而主要是商業(yè)領域。故選B“在商界更盛行”。

2.判斷推理題。各選項為:A：明尼蘇達州正在考慮制定有關私人信息的法律。文章并未提及。B:大多數(shù)州都對私營企業(yè)的欺騙行為視而不見。此說法過于絕對。C:立法者正采取行動通過一項法律以提供更好的隱私保護。第二段指出:消費者維權組正在向國會施壓，要求制定更好的隱私法，但迄今為止還沒有取得任何成果。因此C錯誤。故選D項“立法者傾向于放手讓企業(yè)調(diào)查顧客的購買習慣”。

3.細節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:Customerswhoaccepteda“freetrialoffer”had,30daystocancel.Ifthedeadlinepassed,theywerechargedautomaticallythroughtheirbankorcredit-cardaccounts(接受“免費試用”的客戶有30天的時間可以取消。如果截止日期過了，他們會通過銀行或信用卡賬戶自動收取費用)。因此選B“未在指定期限內(nèi)取消服務”。

4.細節(jié)事實題。倒數(shù)第二段指出：nofederallawshieldtransactionandexperienceinformation,mainlythedetailsofyourbankandcredit-cardaccounts(沒有一部聯(lián)邦法律保護“交易往來”信息，即銀行和信用卡帳戶的信息),故選A項“它被認為是不受法律保護的“交易和歷史”信息。

5.判斷推理題。四個選項為:A:銀行將不得不改變經(jīng)營方式。文章指出交易信息并不受法律保護,因此銀行未必會改變。B:“免費試用”終將會被禁止。文章并未提及。C:隱私保護法很快會執(zhí)行。第二段說:消費者維權組正在向國會施壓，要求制定更好的隱私法，但迄今為止還沒有取得任何成果。C項錯誤。故選D“消費者隱私將繼續(xù)受到侵犯”。

7.單選題

Itwas（

）thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.

問題1選項

A.addicted

B.assaulted

C.alleged

D.ascribed

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項addict“使沉迷”；B選項assault“攻擊、襲擊”；C選項allege“宣稱，斷言”；D選項ascribe“歸于”。這里重點考查的是固定搭配itisallegedthat意思是“據(jù)指稱，有人稱”。根據(jù)從句部分“therestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers”可知空格部分意思為“據(jù)說，據(jù)稱”，句意為：據(jù)說這家旅店歧視黑人顧客。選項C符合句子語境意思。

8.單選題

HehasnoincentivetomakepermanentimprovementinspokenEnglish.

問題1選項

A.abilityt

B.knowledget

C.opportunityt

D.motive

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。incentive表示“動機，刺激”；A項ability“能力”，B項knowledge“知識”，C項opportunity“機會”，D項motive“動機，目的”。句意：他沒有持續(xù)提高英語口語的動力。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇D項正確。

9.單選題

Physicallife,whichhasoftenbeendepreciatedfromthemoralpointofview,isnotindeedbyitselfsupreme,butitiscertainthatmuchevilchargedtoabadwillisduetomorbidordefectiveconditionsofthephysicalorganism.Onewouldbeashamedtowritesuchatruismwereitnotthatourjuvenilecourtsandourprisoninvestigationsshowhowfarwearefromhavingsenseditinthepast.Andourpresentlaborconditionsshowhowfarourorganizationofindustryisfromanydecentprovisionforahealthy,sound,vigorouslifeofallthepeople.Thiswarisshockinginitsdestruction,butitisdoubtfulifitcandotheharmtoGreatBritainthatherfactorysystemhasdone.Andiflifeisinonerespectlessthanideals,inanotherrespectitisgreater;foritprovidesthepossibilitynotonlyofcarryingoutexistingidealsbutofthebirthofnewandhigherideals.Socialinteractionlikewisehasbeenmuchdiscussedbutisstillveryinadequatelyrealized.Thegreatpossibilitiesofcooperationhavelongbeenutilizedinwar.Withthefactoryandcommercialorganizationofthepastcenturywehavehintsoftheireconomicpower.Ourschools,books,newspapers,areremovingsomeofthebarriers.Buthowfardifferentsocialclassesarefromanyknowledge,nottosayappreciation,ofeachother!Howfardifferentracesareapart!Howeasytoinculcatenationalhatredanddistrust!ThefourthgreatproblemwhichbafflesWells’sherointheResearchMagnificentisyetfarfromsolution.ThegreatdangertomoralityinAmericaliesnotinanytheoryastothesubjectivityofthemoraljudgment,butintheconflictofclassesandraces.Intelligenceandreasonareincertainrespectsadvancing.Thesocialsciencesarefindingtoolsandmethods.Wearelearningtothinkofmuchofourmoralinertia,ourwasteoflife,ournarrowness,ourmuddlingandblunderinginsocialarrangements,asstupid—wedonotliketobecalledstupidevenifwescorntheimputationofclaimingtobe“good”.Butwedonotorganizepeaceaseffectivelyaswar.Weshrinkbeforethethoughtofexpendingforscientificinvestigationsumscomparablewiththoseusedformilitarypurposes.Andisscholarshipentitledtoshifttheblameentirelyuponotherinterests?Perhapsifitconceiveditstasksingreatertermsandaddresseditselftothemmoreenergeticallyitwouldfindgreatersupport.Andfinallytheprocessofjudgmentandappraisal,ofexaminationandrevaluation.Tojudgeforthesakeofjudging,toanalyzeandevaluateforthesakeoftheprocesshardlyseemsworthwhile.Butifwesupplytheprocesswiththenewfactorsofincreasedlife,physical,social,intelligent,weshallbecompelledtonewvaluations.Suchhasbeenthecourseofmoraldevelopment;wemayexpectthistoberepeated.Thegreatwarandthechangesthatemergeoughttosetnewtasksforethicalstudents.Asmedievalism,thecenturyofenlightenment,andthecenturyofindustrialrevolution,eachhaditsethics,sothecenturythatfollowsoughttohaveitsethics,rousedbytheproblemofdealingfundamentallywitheconomic,social,racial,andnationalrelations,andusingtheresourcesofbetterscientificmethodthanbelongedtotheethicalsystemswhichservedwelltheirtime.

1.“Thewar”theauthorreferstointhepassageis（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingproverbs/sayingsbestexpressesthemeaningofthewriter’sopinion?

3.ThelastgreatproblemwhichbafflesWells’sheroinTheResearchMagnificentis

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,moralprogressinvolves

（

）.

5.Fromthetextwemaydeducethattheauthorviewsmoraldevelopmentinthefuturewith

（

）.

問題1選項

A.thecivilwar

B.WorldWarI

C.WorldWarII

D.thewarinVietnam

問題2選項

A.Aman’sreachshouldexceeditsgrasp.

B.Ahealthymindisinahealthybody.

C.Destinyisinyourownhands.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題3選項

A.sex

B.jealousy

C.prejudice

D.fear

問題4選項

A.aprocessoflogicaldeduction

B.insightintothenatureofthingsastheyare

C.theconvictionthatmorallifeisaprocessinvolvingsocialintercourse

D.noneoftheabove

問題5選項

A.optimism

B.confidence

C.pessimism

D.caution

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.事實細節(jié)題。文中說到“Thegreatwarandthechangesthatemergeoughttosetnewtasksforethicalstudents”，所以thewar是指thegreatwar，而這是第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的英文表述，因此B選項符合題意。

第2題:2.判斷推理題。文中說到“itiscertainthatmuchevilchargedtoabadwillisduetomorbidordefectiveconditionsofthephysicalorganism.”可以肯定的是，許多惡行都是由于生理有機體的病態(tài)或缺陷狀態(tài)造成的。因此相對的“Ahealthymindisinahealthybody.”B選項符合題意。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。由文中兩個感嘆句“Howfardifferentracesareapart!Howeasytoinculcatenationalhatredanddistrust”可知困擾威爾斯筆下主人公的是“races”，也就是C選項的prejudice“偏見”。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。文中沒有直接提到選項的一些關鍵詞，但是有“Socialinteractionlikewisehasbeenmuchdiscussedbutisstillveryinadequatelyrealized”，社會交往的問題已經(jīng)討論過很多次，但還遠未能實現(xiàn)，緊跟著后文提到的一系列問題也是道德在社會交往層面未能實現(xiàn)的體現(xiàn)，因此生活為理想的實現(xiàn)以及更高層次新理想的誕生創(chuàng)造了可能性，C選項“認為道德生活包括社會交往”符合題意。

第5題:5.觀點態(tài)度題。文中提到“Suchhasbeenthecourseofmoraldevelopment;wemayexpectthistoberepeated…Asmedievalism,thecenturyofenlightenment,andthecenturyofindustrialrevolution,eachhaditsethics,sothecenturythatfollowsoughttohaveitsethics.”通過這些表述，可知作者對新時期道德的發(fā)展是很有信心的，因此B選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Withhisface（）byamask,thefiremandashedintothehouseonfire.

問題1選項

A.hidden

B.concealed

C.screened

D.buried

【答案】C

【解析】四個詞都有“掩飾,掩藏”之意,但側(cè)重點不同。hide—般用于hidesb/sthinaplace；conceal隱瞞,一般表示“掩飾,不讓別人發(fā)現(xiàn)”；screen表示“遮蔽以起到保護的效果”；bury表示“埋葬”。根據(jù)句意可知,所以C符合語境。

11.單選題

Thisisthe（

）pianoonwhichthecomposercreatedsomeofhisgreatestworks.

問題1選項

A.actual

B.genuine

C.real

D.original

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。actual“實際存在的”；genuine“真實的”；real“真實的，實在的”；original“原創(chuàng)的，原來的”。句意：那位作曲家就是在這臺鋼琴上創(chuàng)作出了他最偉大的作品。D項符合句意，答案D

12.翻譯題

人們現(xiàn)在感到不滿意，不是因為事情比以往更糟，而是因為比以往任何時候都好。以婚姻為例，在加利福尼亞，十對夫婦中有約六對離婚——在一些較富裕的社區(qū)這個比例還要高一些。必須承認，這些數(shù)字反映出許多不滿。但人們從未像現(xiàn)在這樣渴望和歡迎婚姻。的確，婚姻是如此地引人入勝，連很多正在辦離婚的人幾乎等不及法律許可，就想再度結(jié)婚了。

【答案】【參考譯文】Peoplearediscontentedthesedays,notbecausethingsareworsethanever,butbecausethingsarebetterthanever.Takemarriageforexample.InCaliforniathereareaboutsixdivorcesforeverytenmarriages—evenhigherinsomeofthebettercommunities.Onemustadmitthatagooddealofdiscontentisreflectedinthosestatistics.Butmarriagehasneverbeenmorepopularanddesirablethanitisnow;soappealinginfact,thateventhosewhoareintheprocessofdivorcecanscarcelywaitforthelawtoallowthemtomarryagain.

13.單選題

Sittingonthetable,twosmallkittenswere（）roundtheinsideoftheemptyhamtin.

問題1選項

A.swallowing

B.licking

C.chewing

D.munching

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項swallow“忍受；吞沒”；B選項lick“舔；戰(zhàn)勝”；C選項chew“嚼碎，咀嚼”；D選項munch“用力咀嚼；大聲咀嚼”。句意：坐在桌子上的兩只小貓，正舔著空火腿罐內(nèi)部的四周。根據(jù)句意可知，B選項正確。

14.單選題

Forcenturies,explorershaveriskedtheirlivesventuringintotheunknownforreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic.ColumbuswentwesttolookforbettertraderoutestotheOrientandtopromotethegreatergloryofSpain.LewisandClarkjourneyedintotheAmericanwildernesstofindoutwhattheU.S.hadacquiredwhenitpurchasedLouisiana,andtheApolloastronautsrocketedtothemooninadramaticshowoftechnologicalmuscleduringthecoldwar.

Althoughtheirmissionsblendedcommercialandpolitical-militaryimperatives,theexplorersinvolvedallaccomplishedsomesignificantsciencebygoingwherenoscientistshadgonebefore.TodayMarsloomsashumanity’snextgreatterraincognita.Andwithdoubtfulprospectsforashort-termfinancialreturn,withthecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventures,itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet’sreddishsurface.Coulditbethatscience,whichhaslongplayedaminorroleinexploration,isatlastdestinedtotakealeadingrole?Thequestionnaturallyinvitesacoupleofothers:ArethereexperimentsthatonlyhumancoulddoonMars?Couldthoseexperimentsprovideinsightsprofoundenoughtojustifytheexpenseofsendingpeopleacrossinterplanetaryspace?

WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen.Theissueofwhetherlifeeverexistedontheplanet,andwhetheritpersiststothisday,hasbeenhighlightedbymountingevidencethattheRedPlanetoncehadabundantstable,liquidwaterandbythecontinuingcontroversyoversuggestionsthebacterialfossilsrodetoEarthonameteorite(隕石)fromMars.AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,pastorpresent,wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.IfitcouldbeestablishedthatlifearoseindependentlyonMarsandEarth,thefindingwouldprovidethefirstconcretecluesinoneofthedeepestmysteriesinallofscience:theprevalenceoflifeintheuniverse.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thechiefpurposeofexploresingoingtounknownplaceinthepastwas_________________.

2.Atpresent,aprobableinducementforcountriestoinitiatelarge-scalespaceventuresis____________.

3.WhatisthemaingoalofsendinghumanmissionstoMars?

4.Bysaying“WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen”,theauthormeansthat________________.

5.ThepassagetellsusthatproofoflifeonMarswould___________.

問題1選項

A.todisplaytheircountry’smilitarymight

B.toaccomplishsomesignificantscience

C.tofindnewareasforcolonization

D.topursuecommercialandstateinterests

問題2選項

A.internationalcooperation

B.nationalisticreasons

C.scientificresearch

D.long-termprofits

問題3選項

A.tTofindoutiflifeeverexistedthere.

B.tToseeifhumanscouldsurvivethere.

C.tToprovethefeasibilityoflarge-scalespaceventures.

D.tToshowtheleadingroleofscienceinspaceexploration.

問題4選項

A.withMarstherisksinvolvedaremuchgreaterthananypreviousspaceventures.

B.inthecaseofMars,therewardsofscientificexplorationcanbeveryhigh

C.inthecaseofMars,muchmoreresearchfundsareneededthaneverbefore

D.withMars,scientistsargue,thefundamentalinterestsofscienceareatissue

問題5選項

A.makeclearthecomplexchemistryinthedevelopmentoflife

B.confirmthesuggestionthatbacterialfossilstraveledtoEarthonameteorite

C.revealthekindofconditionsunderwhichlifeoriginates

D.provideanexplanationwhylifeiscommonintheuniverse

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】：事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)explorersgotounknown定位到全文首句。首句中提到，幾個世紀以來，出于或多或少的經(jīng)濟原因及國家主義原因，探險家冒著生命危險深入到未知領域。本題是詢問主要目的，所以reasons的定語從句中的內(nèi)容即為答案“forreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic”，由此可知答案為D。

2.【試題解析】:判斷推理題。題目的意思是說促使各個國家大規(guī)模的太空探險的主要誘因是什么，定位到第2段，“itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet’sreddishsurface.”可得知去太空探險是為了留下人類的痕跡也就是為了科學的探索，因此，答案為C。

3.【試題解析】:判斷推理題。根據(jù)maingoal這一個關鍵詞定位到第23段第43句。定位到原文，可得知在以往探險中一直扮演次要角色的科學這一次終于注定是主角了嗎？?說明在以往探險中，一直被認為不重要的就是科學，由此可知那么這次最重要的就是科學，因此答案為D。

4.【試題解析】:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)引用的這句話可以定位到原文的“AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,pastorpresent,wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.”可得知，這次的探險可以獲得了很多前所未有的珍貴資料，因此，答案為BA。

5.【試題解析】：事實細節(jié)題。題目詢問文章告訴我們火星上有生命的證據(jù)表明了什么，可定位到原文的最后一段“AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,，pastorpresent,，wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.”(（就火星上過去或現(xiàn)在的生命問題提供一個更具結(jié)論性的答案，將會給研究者提供寶貴的資料，使他們了解在何種條件下，一個行星體能夠產(chǎn)生復雜的化學反應，導致生命的出現(xiàn)）)，因此，答案為C。

15.單選題

Duringtheirfirstteachertrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolsforthe（

）oflessons.

問題1選項

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。observation“觀察，監(jiān)視”；investigation“調(diào)查”；inspection“視察，檢查”；examination“考試”。句意：這些學生在第一年教師培訓期的時候，經(jīng)常去一些當?shù)貙W校觀摩。選項A符合題意。

16.單選題

Ittookhimseveralmonthsto______thewildhorse.

問題1選項

A.tend

B.cultivate

C.tame

D.breed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項tend“趨向，傾向”，B項cultivate“培養(yǎng)”，C項tame“馴服”，D項breed“使動物繁殖，培養(yǎng)”。根據(jù)關鍵詞wildhorse“野馬”可知，C選項符合語境。句意：馴服那匹野馬花了他幾個月的時間。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

17.單選題

Ahiddenalarmunderthecashier’stablecanbe____incaseofemergency.

問題1選項

A.negotiated

B.initiated

C.launched

D.activated

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.negotiated談判；協(xié)商B.initiated開始；發(fā)起

C.launched發(fā)射D.activated激活

【答案】D

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：收銀臺下面隱藏的警報器可以在緊急情況下……。根據(jù)邏輯，在緊急情況下，可以啟動也就是激活警報器。因此選D。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應邏輯關系。

【句意】收銀臺下面隱藏的警報器可以在緊急情況下啟動。

18.單選題

Itmakesme（

）whenpeopledon’tlisten,andthenasksillyquestions.

問題1選項

A.furious

B.generous

C.mysterious

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項furious“生氣的，狂怒的”；B選項generous“慷慨的”；C選項mysterious“神秘的”；D選項suspicious“可疑的”。

句意：別人不聽，然后問些愚蠢的問題，這讓我很生氣。選項A符合句意。

19.填空題

Directions:Inthispart,youwillreadapassage.Thenusingwordsorphrasesfromthepassagefillintheboxesinthefollowingdiagramtoindicatethepossiblesequencesofeventsbeforeandafteranearthquake.WriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

1.Everyyearearthquakesareresponsibleforalargenumberofdeathsandavastamountofdestructioninvariouspartsoftheworld.MostofthesedamagingearthquakesoccureitherinanarrowbeltwhichsurroundsthePacificOceanorinalinewhichextendsfromBurmatotheAlpsinEurope.Someofthedestructionisdirectlycausedbythequakeitself.Anexampleofthisisthecollapseofbuildingsasaresultofvibration.Otherdamageresultsfromlandslides,tsunamis(largeoceanwaves)ormajorfireswhichareinitiatedbythequake.

2.Thereareaboutamillionquakesayear.Fortunately,however,notallofthemaredestructive.TheintensityofanearthquakeismeasuredontheRichterScale,whichgoesfrom0upward.Thehighestmagnituderecordedtodateis8.9.Majordamagegenerallyoccursfromquakesrangingupwardsfrom6.0.Exceptionstothisarethosewhoseepicentersarelocatedfarfrominhabitedareas.

3.Theactualcauseofthequakeitselfistherupturingorbreakingofrocksatorbelowtheearth’ssurface.Thisisproducedbypressurewhichscientistsbelievemaybeduetoanumberofreasons,twoofwhicharetheexpansionandcontractionoftheearth’scrustandcontinentaldrift.

4.Inordertominimizethedamageandtoalleviatesomeofthesufferingresultingfromearthquakes,scientistsareworkingonwaystoenableaccurateprediction.Twooftheinstrumentspresentlyinusetoachievethisgoalareseismographsandtiltmeters.Theformerrecordsanyshakingoftheearth;bymeansofcalculationsseismologistscanaccuratelyindicatetheexacttime,locationandsizeofanearthquake.Thelatter,asthenamesuggests,isusedtorecordanychangesinthetiltoftheland.

【答案】66.pressure

67.seismographs

68.shakingoftheearth

69.tiltmeters

70.changesinthetiltoftheland

【解析】66.根據(jù)第三段最后一句Thisisproducedbypressurewhichscientistsbelievemaybeduetoanumberofreasons,twoofwhicharetheexpansionandcontractionoftheearth’scrustandcontinentaldrift.（這是由科學家認為可能是由許多原因造成的壓力產(chǎn)生的，其中兩個是地殼的膨脹和收縮以及大陸漂移。），由此可知expansionandcontractionoftheearth（地殼的膨脹和收縮）和continentaldrift（大陸漂移）是pressure(壓力)。

67.根據(jù)第四段第二句Twooftheinstrumentspresentlyinusetoachievethisgoalareseismographsandtiltmeters.（目前用于實現(xiàn)這一目標的儀器有地震儀和傾斜儀。）可知，空格應填入seismographs。

68.根據(jù)第四段第三句Theformerrecordsanyshakingoftheearth（地震儀是用來記錄地殼的任何震動）可知，空格應填入shakingoftheearth。

69.根據(jù)第四段第二句Twooftheinstrumentspresentlyinusetoachievethisgoalareseismographsandtiltmeters.（目前用于實現(xiàn)這一目標的儀器有地震儀和傾斜儀。）可知，空格應填入tiltmeters。

70.根據(jù)第四段最后一句Thelatter,asthenamesuggests,isusedtorecordanychangesinthetiltoftheland.（傾斜儀，顧名思義，是用來記錄土地傾斜的任何變化。）可知，空格應填入changesinthetiltoftheland。

20.單選題

Inthecaseofmobilephones,changeiseverything.Recentresearchindicatesthatthemobilephoneischangingnotonlyourculture,butourverybodiesaswell.

First,let’stalkaboutculture.Thedifferencebetweenthemobilephoneanditsparent,thefixed-linephoneisthatamobilenumbercorrespondstoaperson,whilealandlinegoestoaplace.Ifyoucallmymobile,yougetme.Ifyoucallmyfixed-linephone,yougetwhoeveranswersit.

Thishasseveralimplications.Themostcommonone,however,andperhapsthethingthathaschangedourcultureforever,isthe"meeting"influence.Peoplenolongerneedtomakefirmplansaboutwhenandwheretomeet.Twentyyearsago,aFridaynightwouldneedtobearrangedinadvance.Youneededenoughtimetoalloweveryonetogetfromtheirplaceofworktothefirstmeetingplace.Now,however,anightoutcanbearrangedontherun.Itisnolonger"seeyouthereat8",but"textmearound8andwe'llseewhereweallare".

Textingchangespeopleaswell.Intheirpaper,"InsightsintotheSocialandPsychologicalEffectsofSMSTextMessaging",twoBritishresearchersdistinguishedbetweentwotypesofmobilephoneusers:the"talkers"andthe"texters"—thosewhoprefervoicetotextmessageandthosewhoprefertexttovoice.Theyfoundthatthemobilephone'sindividualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality.Texterswerelikelytoreportthattheirfamilywouldbesurprisediftheyweretoreadtheirtexts.Thissuggeststhattextingallowedtexterstopresentaself-imagethatdifferedfromtheonefamiliartothosewhoknewthemwell.

Anotherscientistwroteofthechangesthatmobileshavebroughttobodylanguage.Therearetwokindsthatpeopleusewhilespeakingonthephone.Thereisthe"speakeasy":theheadisheldhighinaself-confidentway,chattingaway.Andthereisthe"spacemaker":thesepeoplefocusonthemselvesandkeepoutotherpeople.

Whocanblamethem?Phonemeetingsgetcancelledorreformedandcameraphonesintrudeonpeople'sprivacy.So,itisunderstandableifyourmobilemakesyounervous.Butperhapsyouneedn'tworrysomuch.Afterall,itisgoodtotalk.

1.Whenpeopleplantomeetnowadays,they（）.

2.AccordingtothetwoBritishresearchers,thesocialandpsychologicaleffectsaremostlylikelytobeseenon（）.

3..Wecaninferfromthepassage