考研考博-英語-蘭州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-蘭州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Whenyourdogdoesanythingyouwantto（）,youwaittillhedoesitandthenbeathim.Thisisthewayjudgesmakelawsforyouandme.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breakhimof

B.breakhimoff

C.breakhimfree

D.breakhimup

【答案】A

【解析】詞組辨析。breaksb.of“使戒除（某習(xí)慣）”；breaksb.off“分離，中斷”；“breaksb.free“擺脫對方防守”；breaksb.up“關(guān)系破裂”。句意：當(dāng)你的狗做了任何你想要打它戒除的事情，你要等它做了，然后打它。這就是法官為你我制定法律的方式。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.翻譯題

對于多數(shù)人來講，引起焦慮的主要原因是高昂的房價(jià)、教育的支出和醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。人們生活在巨大的壓力之下，但是低且增長緩慢的工資使他們看不到脫離困境的希望。有時(shí)似乎是機(jī)會(huì)多多，人們也會(huì)因此而產(chǎn)生焦慮。

【答案】Formostpeople,themaincausesofanxietyarethehighcostofhousing,educationandhealthcare.Peoplearelivingunderenormouspressure,buttheyseelittlehopeforescapeastheirincomesarelowandtheirincreasesareslow.Atatimethatseemstobefullofopportunitiespeoplelivewithmanyanxieties.

3.單選題

Ifeelquiteconfidentin（）Mr.Jacksontoyouforthevacantpostofresearchassistant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.submitting

B.proclaiming

C.recalling

D.recommending

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。submitting提交；proclaiming宣告，贊揚(yáng)；recalling回顧，回想；recommending推薦，舉薦。根據(jù)句意：我很有信心向您推薦杰克遜先生擔(dān)任研究助理。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

4.單選題

2.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tuberculosis(肺結(jié)核).

B.Rhinitis(鼻炎).

C.Laryngitis(喉炎).

D.Flu.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Goodafternoon,doctor.Ihaveaterribleheadache.YesterdayIhadarunnynose.Nowmynoseisstuffedup.

M:Letmegiveyouanexamination.First,letmehavealookatyourthroat.Ok,nowletmeexamineyourchest.Doyouhaveahistoryoftuberculosis?

W:No,Idon’tthinkso.

M:Yourthroatisinflamedandyourtongueisthicklycoated.Youhaveallthesymtomsofinfluenza.

Q:Whatisthewomansufferingfrom?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。醫(yī)生說：Youhaveallthesymptomsofinfluenza，即他認(rèn)為女士有流感的所有癥狀。

5.單選題

Iregrethavinglefttheworkunfinished;I（）everythingaheadcarefully.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouldplan

B.planned

C.mustplan

D.shouldhaveplanned

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由前一句Iregrethavinglefttheworkunfinished“我很遺憾沒完成工作”可以知道實(shí)際上在過去對工作沒有提前計(jì)劃，因此后半句I…everythingaheadcarefully應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)shouldhavedone表示過去本應(yīng)該做而沒有做，故可排除A，B，C選項(xiàng)。句意：我很遺憾工作沒完成，我本應(yīng)該提前仔細(xì)規(guī)劃好一切。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.翻譯題

隨著對知識內(nèi)涵認(rèn)識的加深，人類也從不同角度對知識進(jìn)行分類。從某種意義上說，對知識進(jìn)行分類恰恰是建立在對內(nèi)涵的理解之上的，分類原則本身也在一定程度上體現(xiàn)出人類在不同社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài)下對知識作用的不同認(rèn)識。我國曾一度按照知識的來源將其劃分為三類：來源于生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐的知識、來源于社會(huì)實(shí)踐的知識以及來源于科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的知識。德國哲學(xué)家馬克斯?舍勒(MaxScheller)將知識劃分為應(yīng)用知識、學(xué)術(shù)知識和精神知識三大類。隨著知識經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的逐漸發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)合作發(fā)展組織對知識的分類成為目前最具有權(quán)威性和流行性的一種。根據(jù)該組織《以知識為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)》一書的劃分，可以將“知識’’歸納為四種類型：事實(shí)知識、原理知識、技能知識和人力知識。以上分類是從知識使用的角度進(jìn)行的，因而注重知識的實(shí)踐性和價(jià)值性。為了更深地理解知識的含義，并對其進(jìn)行有效的管理，我們還可進(jìn)一步將知識劃分為兩大類別：顯性知識和隱性知識。

【答案】Withthedeepeningunderstandingtheessenceofknowledge,knowledgeisclassifiedfromdifferentangles.Inonesense,thisclassificationisbasedontheunderstandingoftheessenceofknowledge,andtheclassifyingprincipleitself,tocertainextent,reflectsthedifferentunderstandingofthefunctionsofknowledgeunderdifferentsocial-economicalcircumstances.InChina,thesourcesofknowledgehavebeendivided,foratime,intothreekinds:knowledgecomesfromproductionpractice,fromsocialpracticeandfromscientificexperimentation.WhileMaxScheier,theGermanphilosopher,holdsthatapplicationknowledge,academicknowledgeandspiritualknowledgearethethreecategoriesformthewholeofknowledge.Asthesteadydevelopmentofknowledgeeconomytheory,thecategorizationofknowledgeaccordingtotheOrganizationofEconomicCooperation&Developmentisbyfarmostpopularandholdsgreatestauthority.AsperthebookEconomyBasedonKnowledgepublishedbytheorganization,“knowledge”canbecategorizedasthefollowingfourtypes:facts,principles,skillsandhumanknowledge.Thisclassificationisworkedbyconsideringtheapplicationofknowledge,thusmoreattentionispaidtoitspracticabilityandvalue.However,tounderstanddeeperthedefinitionofknowledge,andcarryouteffectivemanagement,wemayfurtherdivideitintotwocategories:visibleknowledgeandinvisibleone.

7.單選題

（

）Itwasafterthefailureofthisattemptthathetoforce.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resolved

B.recurred

C.exerted

D.resorted

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:自那次試驗(yàn)失敗后，他訴諸武力。

resolve:決心，分解;recur:復(fù)發(fā)，重視，再發(fā)生;exert:運(yùn)用，發(fā)揮。resort:求助，訴諸。此句是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)是狀語。Resortto訴諸,求助于。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

TheAmericansocietyis（

）anexceedinglyshakyfoundationofnaturalresourceswhichisconnectedwiththepossibilityofaworseningenvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.establishedon

B.affiliatedto

C.originatedfrom

D.incorporatedwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。（be）establishedon“建立在……之上”。句意：美國社會(huì)是建立在一種極其不穩(wěn)固的自然資源基礎(chǔ)上的，這與可能惡化的環(huán)境有聯(lián)系。結(jié)合此處語義，A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Creatingsomuchconfusion,Jasonrealizedhehadbettermake（

）whathewastryingtotelltheaudience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exclusive

B.explicit

C.objective

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。exclusive“獨(dú)有的，排外的”；explicit“明確的，清楚的”；objective“客觀的”；obscure“不清楚的，隱蔽的”。句意：在造成諸多困惑后，杰森意識到自己最好把試圖告訴聽眾的事情弄清楚。由Creatingsomuchconfusion可知Jason最好是把這些困惑給弄清楚。答案B

10.單選題

Afteryearsofnegotiation,aninternationalagreementtoconservespecies（）andecosystemshasfinallybeenadopted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ventilated

B.imperiled

C.utilized

D.modulated

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)ventilated“通風(fēng)的”；B選項(xiàng)imperiled“處于危險(xiǎn)中的”；C選項(xiàng)utilized“被……利用的”；D選項(xiàng)modulated“已調(diào)的；被調(diào)的”。句意：經(jīng)過多年的談判，一項(xiàng)保護(hù)處于危險(xiǎn)中的物種和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的國際協(xié)議最終被采用。結(jié)合句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Iftheoldmaximthatthecustomerisalwaysrightstillhasmeaning,thentheairlinesthatplytheworld’sbusiestairroutebetweenLondonandParishaveaflightontheirhands.

TheEurostartrainservicelinkingtheUKandFrenchcapitalsviatheChannelTunneliswinningcustomersinincreasingnumbers.InlateMay,itcarrieditsonemillionthpassengers,havingrunonlyalimitedservicebetweenLondon,ParisandBrusselssinceNovember1994,startingwithtwotrainsadayineachdirectiontoParisandBrussels.By1997,thecompanybelievesthatitwillbecarryingtenmillionpassengersayear,andcontinuetogrowfromthere.

FromJuly,EurostarstepsitsservicetoninetrainseachwaybetweenLondonandParis,andfivebetweenLondonandBrussels.Eachtraincarriesalmost800passengers,210oftheminfirstclass.

Theairlinesestimatethattheywillinitiallylosearound15%-20%oftheirLondon-ParistraffictotherailwaysonceEurostarstartsafullservicelaterthisyear(1995),with15trainsadayeachway.AsimilarservicewillstarttoBrussels.Thedamagewillbelimited,however,theairlinesbelieve,withpassengernumbersreturningtopreviouslevelswithintwotothreeyears.

Intheshortterm,thedamagecausedbythe1millionpeople-levelstravelingbetweenLondonandParisandBrusselsonEurostartrainsmeansthatsomeairservicesarealreadysuffering.Someofthemajorcarrierssaythattheirpassengernumbersaredownbylessthan5%andpointtotheirrivals-ParticularlyAirFrance—ashavingsufferedtheproblems.OntheBrusselsroute,therailwaycompanyhadlesssuccess,andtheairlinesreportanythingfromarounda5%droptonovisibledeclineintraffic.

Theairlines’optimismonreturningtrafficlevelsisbasedonhistoricalprecedent.BritishMidland,forexample,pointstoitsexperienceonHeathrowLeedsBradfordservicewhichsawpassengernumbersfoldby15%whenBritishRailelectrifiedandmodernizedtherailwaylinebetweenLondonandYorkshire.Twoyearslater,travelhadrisenbetweenthetwodestinationstothepointwheretheairlinewascarryingrecordnumbersofpassengers.

41.Britishairlinesconfideinthefactthat（）.

42.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthedropofpassengersmaybedescribedas（）.

43.Inthepassage,BritishRail(Para6)ismentionedto（）.

44.Therailway’sBrusselsrouteisbroughtforthtoshowthat（）.

45.Thepassageistakenfromthefirstofanessay,fromwhichwemaywellpredictthatinthefollowingparttheauthorisgoingto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyaremorepowerfulthanotherEuropeanairlines

B.theirtotallosswon’tgobeyondadropof5%passengers

C.theirtrafficlevelswillreturnin2-3years

D.travelingbyrailcannevercatchupwithtravelingbyair

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.worried.

B.delighted

C.puzzled

D.unrivaled

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.provideacomparisonwithEurostar

B.supporttheairlines’optimism

C.provetheinevitabledropofairpassengers

D.callforelectrificationandmodernizationoftherailway

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theEurostartrainserviceisnotdoinggoodbusiness

B.theairlinescanwellcompetewiththerailway

C.theEurostartrainserviceonlycausedlittledamage

D.onlysomeairlines,suchasAirFrance,aresuffering

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.praisetheairlines’clear-mindedness

B.warntheairlinesofhigh-speedrailservices

C.proposeareductionofLondon/Parisflights

D.advisetheairlinestofollowBritishMidlandastheirmodel

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】41.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Thedamagewillbelimited,however,theairlinesbelieve,withpassengernumbersreturningtopreviouslevelswithintwotothreeyears.”，可知航空公司相信，損失將是有限的，乘客數(shù)量將在兩到三年內(nèi)恢復(fù)到以前的水平?？膳袛喑鲇娇展緢?jiān)信他們的交通水平將在2-3年內(nèi)恢復(fù)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

42.作者態(tài)度題?？v觀全文，作者認(rèn)為列車的開通對航空公司的影響力度是有限的，客人最后還是會(huì)重新選擇航空運(yùn)輸，所以對乘客數(shù)目下降的現(xiàn)象還是持樂觀態(tài)度的，但是從整篇文章的語氣來看，作者還是心存擔(dān)憂的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

43.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“theairlinesbelieve,withpassengernumbersreturningtopreviouslevelswithintwotothreeyears.”，客戶自航空公司堅(jiān)信乘客最終還是會(huì)選擇航空運(yùn)輸。又根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Theairlines’optimismonreturningtrafficlevelsisbasedonhistoricalprecedent.”，可知航空公司對恢復(fù)客流量水平的樂觀態(tài)度是基于歷史先例。可推斷出作者下文提到BritishRail的例子就是為了證明這一觀點(diǎn)：航空公司對航空運(yùn)輸?shù)乃匠挚陀^態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

44.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“OntheBrusselsroute,therailwaycompanyhadlesssuccess,andtheairlinesreportanythingfromarounda5%droptonovisibledeclineintraffic.”，可知在布魯塞爾的航線上，鐵路公司沒有那么成功，航空公司的報(bào)告顯示，只造成了5%左右的下降，并沒有明顯的影響?？赏茢喑霾剪斎麪栬F路的開通事例說明了歐洲之星列車只對航空運(yùn)輸造成了很小的損害。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

45.推斷題。整篇文章都在說明和強(qiáng)調(diào)航空公司對列車開通帶來的乘客流量下降并沒有很重視，而是一直持樂觀態(tài)度，相信乘客最終會(huì)選擇航空運(yùn)輸，但是作者卻對此表現(xiàn)出擔(dān)憂，可推斷出作者在接下來的文段中將會(huì)給予航空公司一些警告，以讓他們能注重列車服務(wù)發(fā)展帶來的沖擊。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

A(n)（）entrepreneurwillseeksuccessfartherafieldandwillriskmoreintheresearchthanhismoretimidcompetitors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adventurous

B.progressive

C.aggressive

D.impulsive

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。adventurous“愛冒險(xiǎn)的;大膽的”;progressive“進(jìn)步的;先進(jìn)的”;aggressive“有進(jìn)取心的;好斗的”;impulsive“沖動(dòng)的;任性的”。句意:那些膽大的企業(yè)家將在更遠(yuǎn)的地方尋求成功，并將比那些膽小的競爭對手在研究上冒更大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

13.單選題

NobodycametoseemewhileIwasout,（）?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didthey

B.didn’tthey

C.didshe

D.didn'tshe

【答案】C

【解析】考查反義疑問句。由題干可知Nobody為表示否定意義的不定代詞，當(dāng)陳述句的主語是表示否定意義的不定代詞（如none,nobody,nothing等）時(shí)，反義疑問句的疑問詞要用肯定語氣did并且用第三人稱單數(shù)，由此可知C選項(xiàng)正確。句意：當(dāng)我出去的時(shí)候，沒有人來看過我，對嗎？

14.單選題

Deceptivelysimpleindesign,thesculpturalworksofGeorgeNortonincorporateabroadrangeoftextures,sizes,andcontours.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Misleadingly

B.Generally

C.Noticeably

D.Exceptionally

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。deceptively表示“看似，不像看上去那么”；A項(xiàng)misleadingly“誤導(dǎo)性地”，B項(xiàng)generally“通常地”，C項(xiàng)noticeably“顯著地，明顯地”，D項(xiàng)exceptionally“異常地，特殊地”。句意：看似簡單的設(shè)計(jì)，喬治諾頓的雕塑作品融合了廣泛的紋理、尺寸和輪廓的奧妙。根據(jù)句意可知，前面是對比的關(guān)系，那么只有misleadingly能夠替換劃線的單詞，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

15.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)同樣屬于共同財(cái)產(chǎn)。

刑法不得溯及既往。

法院駁回了原告的訴訟主張。

他對債務(wù)負(fù)主要責(zé)任。

本合同的任何改動(dòng)或修正必須作為書面方能產(chǎn)生效力。

【答案】Maritalpropertyisalsopartofthecommonproperty.

Thecriminallawshallnotberetroactive.

Thecourtrejectedtheplaintiffsclaim.

Hewasmainlyresponsibleforthedebt.

Anychangesormodificationofthiscontractmustbewritteninordertobeeffective.

16.單選題

EstherwantedtogotoPhiladelphiabyherself,butherparentswouldnotgivetheir（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contest

B.consent

C.convenience

D.control

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)contest“比賽，爭論”；B選項(xiàng)consent“同意，準(zhǔn)許”；C選項(xiàng)convenience“便利”；D選項(xiàng)control“控制，管理”。根據(jù)句意“Esther想自己去費(fèi)城，但她的父母不同意”。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

17.單選題

Itissaidthatthecustomofshakinghandsoriginatedwhenprimitivemenheldoutemptyhandstoindicatethattheyhadno（）weaponsandwerethusamicablydisposed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lethal

B.murderous

C.concealed

D.secret

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。lethal“致命的”；murderous“殺人的；殘忍的”；concealed“隱蔽的”；secret“秘密的”。由heldoutemptyhands“伸出空手”可知是沒有“隱藏的武器”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

18.單選題

Poliohasbeensoeffectivelysuppressedbyvaccinationprogramsthatmostdoctorshaveneverencountereditssymptoms;infact,whentherarepatienttodayis______withthepoliovirus,doctorsarelikelytomisdiagnosetheillness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affected

B.exposed

C.engaged

D.afflicted

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)affected“假裝的，做作的”；B選項(xiàng)exposed“（地方）不遮擋風(fēng)雨的；（人）易受攻擊（或批評）的”，beexposedto“受攻擊”；C選項(xiàng)engaged“正從事的”；D選項(xiàng)afflicted“受困擾的”，beafflictedwith“患病”。句意：小兒麻痹癥已經(jīng)因?yàn)橐呙缃臃N計(jì)劃有效地抑制住了，以至于大多數(shù)醫(yī)生從未遇到過其癥狀；事實(shí)上，當(dāng)如今患者中罕見______小兒麻痹癥時(shí)，醫(yī)生很可能會(huì)誤診。小兒麻痹癥現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)很少見了，以至于碰到患有小兒麻痹癥的患者，醫(yī)生很可能會(huì)誤診，D選項(xiàng)afflicted“受困擾的”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

_____thewhole,earlyAmericancityplanningwasexcellent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.In

B.From

C.On

D.Above

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。onthewhole指大體上、基本上。句意：整體上來看，早期美國城市規(guī)劃很優(yōu)秀。

20.單選題

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifththetotal（

）forlivingexpenses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acceptable

B.available

C.advisable

D.applicable

【答案】B

【解析】句意:通常，一個(gè)學(xué)生花在住房上的費(fèi)用應(yīng)控制在可支配生活費(fèi)總額的五分之一以內(nèi)。

考查形容詞辨析。acceptable可接受的，令人滿意的；available可獲得的，可購得的，有空的；advisable明智的，可取的；applicable適用的，可實(shí)施的。故B符合句意。

21.單選題

Butgiftssuchasthesecannotbeawardedtoeverybody,eitherbyjudgesorbythemost（

）ofgovernment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tough

B.demanding

C.diverse

D.benign

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。tough意為“堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的，堅(jiān)韌的”；demanding意為“要求高的，費(fèi)力的”；diverse意為“不同的，多種多樣的”；benign意為“溫和的，仁慈的”。

句意：但是像這樣的禮物不能獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)給每個(gè)人，不管是由法官還是由溫和的政府。

22.單選題

Fraserbloggedabouthistrip,whichseemstohavebeenafact-findingmissioninvolvinghim,turningup（）atvariousprimaryandhighschoolclassestoseewhatthestudentsarebeingtaught.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.announced

B.toannounce

C.unannounced

D.tounannouncing

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)announced動(dòng)詞過去分詞，“宣布”；B選項(xiàng)toannounce動(dòng)詞不定式，“宣布”；C選項(xiàng)unannounced動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，“未宣布”；D選項(xiàng)tounannouncing不構(gòu)成分詞形式，這里的to屬于介詞。句意：弗雷澤用博客記錄他的旅程，好像是在實(shí)行一個(gè)實(shí)況調(diào)查任務(wù)，……突然出現(xiàn)在各種小學(xué)和中學(xué)課堂上了解學(xué)生們正在被教授什么內(nèi)容。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息afact-findingmission“實(shí)時(shí)考察任務(wù)”，可以推理出他的出現(xiàn)是沒有事先通知的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

23.單選題

Euthanasiaisapracticeofmercifullyendingaperson'slifeinorderto_______thepersonfromanincurablediseaseandintolerablesuffering.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.liberate

B.confine

C.release

D.apprehend

【答案】A

【解析】liberate解放,解脫;confine限制;release釋放;apprehend理解,逮捕。句意：安樂死是一種仁慈地結(jié)束一個(gè)人的生命,從而使病人從不可醫(yī)治的絕癥和無法忍受的痛苦中解脫出來的做法。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

24.單選題

Peopletendto_______howdistincttheirownlivesare,sothecommonalitytheyenjoywithotherpeopleseemtothemaseriesofsmallmiracles.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deny

B.overlook

C.exaggerate

D.ignore

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deny“否定；拒絕承認(rèn)”；B選項(xiàng)overlook“俯瞰；未注意到；（對不良現(xiàn)象等）視而不見”；C選項(xiàng)exaggerate“夸大，言過其實(shí)”；D選項(xiàng)ignore“無視，佯裝未見”。句意：人們傾向于_______自己的生活是如何獨(dú)特，所以他們與他人的共性看起來是他們一系列的小小奇跡。根據(jù)語境，人們總覺得自己的生活很獨(dú)特，所以看到和別人的共性時(shí)覺得簡直就是奇跡，這里指人們夸大自己的獨(dú)特性，所以exaggerate“夸大，言過其實(shí)”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

25.單選題

Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueKnowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.

“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual;”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance—’’Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofintellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlSherries;“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”

“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandProfessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-intellectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.FromthebeginningofourhistorysaysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgehavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread—sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”

36.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?

37.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof（）.

38.TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare（）.

39.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably（）.

40.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.

B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.

C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.

D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.undervaluingintellect

B.favoringintellectualism

C.supportingschoolreform

D.suppressingnativeintelligence

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.identical

B.similar

C.complementary

D.opposite

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Apioneerofeducationreform

B.Anopponentofintellectualism

C.Ascholarinfavorofintellect

D.Anadvocateofregularschooling

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itissecondtointelligence.

B.Itevolvesfromcommonsense.

C.Itistobepursued.

D.Itunderliespower.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】36.推理判斷題。定位到第一段Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.（現(xiàn)今天的美國人并不是很重視智力。我們的英雄是運(yùn)動(dòng)員、藝人和企業(yè)家，而不是學(xué)者。）Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueKnowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.（甚至我們的學(xué)校也是我們送孩子去接受實(shí)用教育的地方，而不是為了獲取知識而追求學(xué)問的。）由此可推論出美國的父母是希望他們的孩子能夠?qū)W習(xí)到一些實(shí)用的教育的。因此C選項(xiàng)“未來職業(yè)發(fā)展的實(shí)際能力”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)立思考的習(xí)慣”，B選項(xiàng)“對世界的深刻認(rèn)識”，D選項(xiàng)“對智力追求的自信”。A，B，D選項(xiàng)均與實(shí)用教育無關(guān)，可排除。故選C。

37.推理判斷題。定位在第一段的第一句Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.（現(xiàn)今天的美國人并不是重視智力。）和第二段的第一句Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual.（學(xué)校一直處于實(shí)踐比知識更重要的社會(huì)中）由此可推論出美國是不重視智力的，實(shí)用性遠(yuǎn)大于一切。因此A選項(xiàng)“低估智力”正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“傾向于理智主義”錯(cuò)誤，第二段就說到了美國看重實(shí)用性，會(huì)更傾向于實(shí)用主義。C選項(xiàng)“支持學(xué)校改革”在文中并未提及，可排除，D選項(xiàng)“壓抑天生的智慧”，定位到原文Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.（實(shí)用性、常識和天生的智慧被認(rèn)為是比你從書本中學(xué)到的任何東西都更高貴的品質(zhì)。）由此可知，美國對于天生的智慧是認(rèn)可的，不可能會(huì)進(jìn)行壓制。因此D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故選A。

38.推理判斷題。定位在文章的第二段“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual;”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.（學(xué)校一直處于實(shí)踐比知識更重要的社會(huì)中，教育作家黛安?拉維奇說。）Ravitch’slatestbook…tracestherootsofintellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.（拉維奇的最新著作，追溯了學(xué)校知性主義的根源，其結(jié)論是美國人對才學(xué)追求的厭惡根本無法抵消。）可以知道Ravitch對美國學(xué)校低估智力崇尚實(shí)用是不贊成的。而文章的第五段RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”（拉爾夫?瓦爾多?愛默生和其他一些先驗(yàn)主義哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為學(xué)校教育和嚴(yán)格的書本學(xué)習(xí)約束了孩子的天性，“我們被關(guān)在中小學(xué)和大學(xué)的背誦室里十年或十五年，最后出來時(shí)滿腹經(jīng)綸卻什么也不知道。”）說明Emerson對學(xué)校的教育是不看好的，會(huì)更傾向于學(xué)習(xí)的實(shí)用性。由此可知這兩人的對學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容的觀點(diǎn)是不一致的。因此D選項(xiàng)“相反的”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“完全一樣的”，B選項(xiàng)“類似的”，C選項(xiàng)“互補(bǔ)的”，均與題意不符，可排除。故選D。

39.推理判斷題。定位到原文RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”（拉爾夫?瓦爾多?愛默生和其他一些先驗(yàn)主義哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為學(xué)校教育和嚴(yán)格的書本學(xué)習(xí)限制了孩子們的天性，“我們被關(guān)在中小學(xué)和大學(xué)的背誦室里十年或十五年，最后出來時(shí)滿腹經(jīng)綸卻什么也不知道?！保┯纱丝梢訣merson對智慧的培養(yǎng)是不贊同的。由此可知B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)理智主義的反對者”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“一位教育改革的先驅(qū)”，C選項(xiàng)“一位贊成智力的學(xué)者”，D選項(xiàng)“一位常規(guī)教學(xué)的倡導(dǎo)者”，A，C，D選項(xiàng)均不符題意，可排除。故選B。

40.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。定位在文章第二段Ravitch’slatestbook…tracestherootsofintellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.（拉維奇的最新著作，追溯了學(xué)校知性主義的根源，其結(jié)論是美國人對才學(xué)追求的厭惡根本無法抵消。）和第三段的段首句Buttheycouldandshouldbe.（但它們可以也應(yīng)該抵消的。）說明作者是贊成Ravitch的觀點(diǎn)的，認(rèn)為學(xué)校應(yīng)該要能夠抵消美國人對才學(xué)的厭惡，也即是說作者是看重智力的。由此可知C選項(xiàng)“智力是要追求的”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“智力僅次于智慧”，B選項(xiàng)“智力是從常識演變而來的”，D選項(xiàng)“智力是構(gòu)成權(quán)力的基礎(chǔ)”均與題意不符，故選C。

26.翻譯題

中國園林是經(jīng)過三千多年演化而形成的獨(dú)具一格的園林景觀，是中國建筑不可分割的一部分。從建園者身份來看，中國園林主要分為兩類：皇家園林和私家園林。皇家園林是為皇室成員享樂而建造，大多數(shù)皇家園林在北方。私家園林主要由學(xué)者、商人和政府官員為擺脫嘈雜的外部世界而建造，南方比較多見。典型的中國園林周圍有圍墻，院內(nèi)有池塘、假山、樹木、花草以及各種各樣由彎曲的小路和走廊銜接的建筑，構(gòu)成了一種人與自然和諧相處的微縮景觀。

【答案】Chinesegardenisauniquelandscapeformedaftermorethanthreethousandyearsofevolution.ItisaninseparablepartofChinesearchitecture.Fromtheidentityofthegardeners,Chinesegardensaremainlydividedintotwocategories:imperialgardensandprivategardens.Theimperialgardenswerebuiltforthepleasureofthemembersoftheroyalfamily,mostoftheminthenorth.Privategardenswerebuiltmainlybyscholars,merchantsandgovernmentofficialstoescapefromthenoisyoutsideworld,especiallyintheSouth.TypicalChinesegardensaresurroundedbywalls,surroundedbyponds,rockery,trees,flowersandplants,aswellasvariousbuildingsconnectedbywindingpathsandcorridors,whichconstituteaminiaturelandscapeofharmonybetweenmanandnature.

27.單選題

Eventhoughcultureswidelyassumethatboysarestrongerandsturdierthangirls,basicbiologicalweaknessesarebuiltintothemaleofourspecies.Firstofall,humanmalesseemtobeslowlydisappearing.MotherNaturehasalwaysacknowledgedandcompensatedforthefragilityandlossofboysbyarrangingformoreofthem:106malebirthsto100femalenewbornsoverthecourseofhumanhistory.Butinrecentdecades,fromtheUnitedStatestoJapan,fromCanadatonorthernEurope,whereverresearchershavelooked,therateofmalenewbornshasdeclined.ExaminingUSbirthrecordsfortheyearsbetween1970and1990,theyfound1.7fewerboysper1,000thanindecadesandcenturiespast;Japan'slossinthesamedecadeswas3.7boys.

Boysarealsomorethantwo-thirdsmorelikelythangirlstobebomprematurelybeforethe37thweekofpregnancy.And,despiteadvancesinpublichealth,boysinthe1990sfaceda30percenthigherchanceofdeathbytheirfirstbirthdaythangirls;incontrast,backinthe1750s,theywereonly10percentmorelikelythangirlstodiesoearlyintheirlives.

Oncetheymakeittochildhood,boysfaceotherchallenges.Theyaremorepronetoarangeofneurologicaldisorders.Autism自閉癥isnotoriouslyhigheramongboysthangirls:nownearlyfivetimesmorelikely,astalliedbytheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Theyaremoresusceptiblethangirlstodamagefromverylow-levelexposuretolead.Yetanotherproblem:boyssufferfromasthmaathigherrates.There'salsoastrongerlinkbetweenairpollutionandautisminboys.

Whydoboysfacesuchaburdenofphysicalchallenges?Theansweristhatthemale’sproblemsstartinthewomb:fromhismorecomplicatedfetaldevelopment,tohisgeneticmakeup,tohowhishormoneswork.Thenine-monthtransformationfromafewcellstoaninfantisatimeofgreatvulnerability.Manychronicillnessesareseededinthewomb.Inourspecies,thefemaleisthedefaultgender,thebasicsimplermodel:Humansstartoutinthewombwithfemalefeatures(thatiswhymaleshavenipples).Thecomplicatedtransformationinthewombfromfemaletomaleexposesthemaletoajourneypackedwithspecialperils.Whenthefirstblastoftestosterone睪酮fromtheYgenecomesalongatabouttheeighthweek,theunisexbrainhastomorphintoamalebrain,killingoffsomecellsinthecommunicationcentersandgrowingmorecellsinthesexandaggressioncenters.Thesimplerfemalereproductivesystemhastoturnintothemorecomplexmalereproductivetract,developingtissuessuchasthetestisandprostate前列腺.Further,ittakesagreaternumberofcelldivisionstomakeamale;witheachcomesthegreaterriskofanerroraswellasthegreatervulnerabilitytoahitfrompollutants.

Ontopofthatchallenge,thehumanmale’sXYchromosome染色體combinationissimplymorevulnerable.ThetwoXXsinthefemaleversionofourspeciesoffersomeprotection:IndisorderswhereoneXchromosomehasageneticdefect,thefemale’shealthybackupchromosomecantakeover.ButwithhissingleXchromosome,themalelacksahealthycopyofthegenetofallbackon.TheXchromosome,whichnevershrank,isalsoalargerchromosome“withfarmoregeneticinformationthantheYchromosome，’’findsIrvaHertz-Piciotto,aUniversityofCaliforniaatDavisautismresearcher,“sotheremaybesomeinherentlossofkeyproteinsforbraindevelopmentorrepairmechanismsinboys.”Thisisacluetothehigherautismrateamongboys,sheasserts.

Femalesalsohaveastrongerimmunesystembecausetheyarepackedwithestrogen雌激素，ahormonethatcounteractstheantioxidantprocess.“Estrogenprotectsthebrain,”explainsTheodoreSlotkin,professorofneurobiologyatDukeUniversity'sSchoolofMedicine.“Itrepairsandreplaces,evenafterneuralinjury,”Lowestrogenevenleavesboysmoresensitivetoheadinjuries.Themalebrain“issimplyamorefragileapparatus,moresensitivetoalmostallbraininsults,”saysleadpoisoningexpertHerbertNeedleman.

Itisthehighlevelsoftestosteroneinthewombatcriticaltimesingestation,accordingtoBritishpsychopathologistSimonBaron-Cohen,thatareresponsibleforwhathecalls“theextrememalebrain”--thekindexhibitedbyautisticboys-lowinempathy,highinsystematizing.AndinfactUSresearchersinrecentdecadeshavefoundunusuallylowestrogenandhightestosteronelevelsamongboyswithautism.

Ifthebalanceofhormonesiso