考研考博-英語-宜春學院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-宜春學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Itisessentialtobeonthe（）foranysignsofmovementintheundergrowthsincetherearepoisonoussnakesinthearea.

問題1選項

A.guard

B.care

C.alert

D.alarm

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查的是固定搭配。根據(jù)句意可知此處要填一個詞與beonthe...for構(gòu)成搭配，表示“警惕、提防”的意思，care和alarm都不能與之構(gòu)成搭配，beonthealertfor是固定搭配表示“警惕、提防”的意思，guard通常的用法是beonguardfor，guard的前面不需要加定冠詞the，所以此處應該選擇alert，故正確答案為選項C。

2.單選題

Ifanopinioncontrarytoyourownmakesyouangry,thatisasignwhichyouaresubconsciouslyawareofhavingnogoodreasonforthinkingasyoudo.

問題1選項

A.contraryto

B.which

C.aware

D.asyoudo

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位語從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，sign后面的句子是一個從句，根據(jù)從句的內(nèi)容可知，這是對sign的補充說明，屬于同位語從句，而which并不能引導同位語從句。句意：如果某一種與你相左的見解使你生氣，那么這就是一種跡象，說明你潛意識地感到，你沒法給自己的想法以充分的理由。因此，該題選擇B項。

3.單選題

Itisnaivetoexpectthatanysocietycanresolveallthesocialproblemsitisfacedwith________.

問題1選項

A.forlong

B.inandout

C.onceforall

D.bynature

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項“長久”；B選項“來龍去脈”；C選項“徹底地，一勞永逸地”；D選項“天生地，自然地”。句意：期待任何社會能夠（）解決其面對的所有社會問題是幼稚的。根據(jù)句意我們可以排除A，B。

4.單選題

Theywereinadreadful（）whentheirmoney,ticketsandpassportswerestolenwhiletheywereonholiday.

問題1選項

A.conspiracy

B.plight

C.serenity

D.custody

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項conspiracy“陰謀，共謀，陰謀集團”；B選項plight“困境，境況，誓約”；C選項serenity“平靜，寧靜”；D選項custody“保管，監(jiān)護”。句意：他們度假時錢、機票和護照被盜，陷入了可怕的_____。根據(jù)邏輯可知，在度假時丟失了財務，肯定是陷入了困境，因此B選項符合題意。

5.翻譯題

研究人員稱，遠程辦公等彈性工作模式有益于身體健康。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果人們有條件在家工作，壓縮工作周的時間，那他們就可以選擇更為健康的生活方式，鍛煉身體的機會增多，睡眠也會更好。

可能彈性工作模式讓人們能有更充裕的時間來實現(xiàn)健康的生活方式，或者是它讓人們能更好的安排自己的時間。彈性工作制最初是為了幫助人們（尤其是女性）同時兼顧工作和家庭，但有關(guān)證據(jù)表明這顯然不僅僅是女性的問題。

研究人員對一家大型醫(yī)藥公司職員的“健康風險評估”進行了分析，職員涉及倉儲，生產(chǎn)和管理等多個不同的崗位。

一名研究人員說：“這不僅僅針對管理層，而是涉及到公司各個崗位的員工?！彼f，該研究能讓衛(wèi)生部門和相關(guān)機構(gòu)認識到，給員工更多的自由其實能帶來很多益處。但他也說，要評估彈性工作制的長期益處還需要開展進一步研究。

【答案】Aflexibleworklifesuchastelecommutingisgoodforourhealth,researcherssaid.Theyfoundthatifpeoplehavetheabilitytoworkathomeandtocompressworkweeks,theyaremorelikelytomakehealthierlifestylechoices,toexercisemoreandtosleepbetter.

Perhapsitgivespeoplethetimetofitinhealthierlifestyleintotheireverydayregimenormaybeitjustenablespeopletobettermanagetheirtime.Whiletheprimarypurposebehindtheflexibilitymovementwastohelppeople,especiallywomen,combineworkandfamily,evidencesuggeststhisisclearlynotonlyawomen'sissue.

TheresearchersanalyzeHealthRiskAppraisalsfromemployeesinjobsrangingfromwarehouseandproductionworkerstoexecutivesatalargemultinationalpharmaceuticalcompany.

"It'snotjustaboutmanagement,"saysoneresearcher."It'saboutpeopleineverypositioninthecompany."Hesaidthestudycouldhelphealthdepartmentsandagenciesrealizethatgivingworkersmorefreedomcouldhavemanybenefits.But,headded,furtherresearchwasneededtoassessthelong-termbenefits.

6.單選題

Somepeoplethinkthata（

）translation,orword-for-wordtranslation,iseasierthanafreetranslation.

問題1選項

A.literal

B.literary

C.liberal

D.linear

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。literal“照原文的，逐字的”；literary“文學的”；liberal“自由的”；linear“直線的”。句意：一些人認為直譯或者逐字的翻譯要比意譯簡單。選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

Weshallprobablyneverbeableto（）theexactnatureofthesesub-atomicparticles.

問題1選項

A.assert

B.inform

C.ascertain

D.notify

【答案】C

【解析】assert斷言，聲稱；inform通知；ascertain探明，確定；notify通知，公布。句意：我們可能永遠無法確定這些亞原子粒子的確切性質(zhì)。選項C符合句意。

8.單選題

WhenIwasstillanarchitecturestudent,ateachertoldme,"Welearnmorefrombuildingsthatfalldownthanfrombuildingsthatstandup."Whathemeantwasthatconstructionisasmuchtheresultofexperienceasoftheory.Althoughstructuraldesignfollowsestablishedformulas,theactualperformanceofabuildingiscomplicatedbythepassageoftime,thebehaviorofusers,thenaturalelementsandunnaturalevents.Allaredifficulttosimulate.Buildings,unlikecars,can'tbecrash-tested.

ThefirstimportantlessonoftheWorldTradeCentercollapseisthattallbuildingscanwithstandtheimpactofalargejetliner.Thetwintowersweresupportedby59perimetercolumnsoneachside.Althoughabout30ofthesecolumns,extendingfromfourtosixfloors,weredestroyedineachbuildingbytheimpact,initiallybothtowersremainedstanding.Evenso,thedeathtollwasappalling2,235peoplelosttheirlives.

Iwasonceaskedhowtallbuildingsshouldbedesignedgivenwhatwe'dlearnedfromtheworldTradeCentercollapse.Myanswerwas,"Lower,"Thequestionofwhenatallbuildingbecomesunsafeiseasytoanswer.Commonaerialfire-fightingladdersinusetodayare100feethighandcanreachtoaboutthe10thfloor,sofiresinbuildingsupto10storieshighcanbefoughtfromtheexterior.Fightingfiresandevacuatingoccupantsabovethatheightdependonfirestairs.

Thetallerthebuilding,thelongeritwilltakeforfirefighterstoclimbtothesceneofthefire.Sothesimpleanswertothesafetyquestionis"Lowerthan10stories."

Thenwhydon'tcitiesimposelowerheightlimits?A60-storyofficebuildingdoesnothavesixtimesasmuchrentablespaceasa10-storybuilding.However,allthingsbeingequal,suchabuildingwillproducefourtimesmorerevenueandfourtimesmoreinpropertytaxes.Socuttingbuildingheightswouldmeancuttingcitybudgets.

ThemostimportantlessonoftheWorldTradeCentercollapseisnotthatweshouldstopbuildingtallbuildingsbutthatwehavemisjudgedtheircost.Wedidthesamethingwhenweunderestimatedthecostofhurtlingalongahighwayinasteelboxat70milesperhour.Ittookmanyyearsbeforeseatbelts,airbags,radialtires,andantilockbrakesbecamecommonplace.Atfirst,carssimplyweretooslowtowarrantconcern.Later,manufacturersresistedtheseexpensivedevices,arguingthatconsumerswouldnotpayforsafety.Nowwedowillingly.

1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat（）.

2.WhatcanwelearnfromtheWTCcollapse?

3.Ideally,thepolicyincityconstructionshouldbe（）.

4.Whyaretherestillhighbuildings,orevenskyscrapersinmanycities?

5.WhatisthemostimportantlessonoftheWTCcollapse?

問題1選項

A.architectureissomethingmoreoutofexperiencethanoutoftheory

B.architecturedependsjustasmuchonexperienceasontheory

C.itissaferforpeopletoliveinoldbuildings

D.welearnnotsomuchfromourfailureasfromoursuccess

問題2選項

A.Despitethetwostrongbuildings,thedeathtollwasstillveryshocking.

B.Thestructureofthetwobuildingswasofthefirstclass.

C.Thestructureofthetwobuildingswasnotsostrongaspeoplehadexpected

D.Thestructureofthetwobuildingswasstrongenoughtowithstandanyaccidents.

問題3選項

A.lowerthantenstories

B.thelower,thebetter

C.thehigher,thebetter

D.higherthantenstories

問題4選項

A.Becausetheyarethesymbolofmoderntimes.

B.Becausemanycitiesnowlackbuildingspace.

C.Becausetheyareanimportantfinancialsourceofacity'sbudget.

D.Becausetheyrepresentthelevelofacountry'sscienceandtechnology.

問題5選項

A.Weshouldwearseatbeltswhiledriving.

B.Weshouldbuildlowbuildingsjustasweshoulddriveslowly.

C.Weshouldmaketallbuildingsillegal.

D.Weshouldpayforsafetywhileconstructingtallbuildings.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。第一段第二句指出:Whathemeantwasthatconstructionisasmuchtheresultofexperienceasoftheory(他的意思是建筑物既是經(jīng)驗的結(jié)果，也是理論的結(jié)果)。由此可知B項“建筑不僅依賴于理論，也依賴于經(jīng)驗”正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞WTCcollapse定位至第二段:Evenso,thedeathtollwasappalling2,235peoplelosttheirlives(即使（兩座建筑物沒有倒塌），付出的傷亡代價卻是驚人的——2235人失去了生命)。由此推斷A項“盡管兩座建筑物很牢固，但付出的傷亡代價卻是驚人的”正確。

第3題:事實細節(jié)題。第三段指出:Sothesimpleanswertothesafetyquestionis“Lowerthan10stories.”(所以安全問題的簡單答案是“低于10層樓”)。因此A選項“低于十層”正確。

第4題:事實細節(jié)題。第四段指出:Socuttingbuildingheightswouldmeancuttingcitybudgets(因此削減樓層高度等于削減城市預算)。因此在許多城市里還有高樓大廈，甚至摩天大樓是因為“它們是城市預算的重要財政來源”。答案為C。

第5題:判斷推理題。最后一段提到從世貿(mào)中心倒塌事件得到的一個重要經(jīng)驗:Later,manufacturersresistedtheseexpensivedevices,arguingthatconsumerswouldnotpayforsafety.Nowwedo–willingly(之后，廠商拒絕使用這些昂貴的設(shè)施，認為消費者不會為安全買單。但是現(xiàn)在我們的確愿意了)。因此D項“在建造高層建筑時，我們應該為安全問題買單”正確。

9.單選題

PleaseexcusemeifIhaveleftanyofmyquestions（

）.

問題1選項

A.tobeunanswered

B.nottoanswer

C.unanswered

D.beingunanswered

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。leavesth.done意為“使……處于……狀態(tài)”，因此選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

Theinvestigationintothefoodsafetyincidentoverdairyproductstaintedwithmelamineis（

）

問題1選項

A.preceding

B.prescribing

C.proceeding

D.processing

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項precede“先于、領(lǐng)先”；B選項prescribe“規(guī)定、開處方”；C選項proceed“開始、繼續(xù)進行”；D選項process“處理、加工”，句意為：對于奶制品受三聚氰胺污染的食品安全事件，調(diào)查仍然在繼續(xù)。故正確答案選C。

11.單選題

Thisnewbookhasreceivedseveralreviewssinceitspublication;butnoneofthemhavemadeajust（）ofthebook.

問題1選項

A.calculation

B.evaluation

C.profit

D.register

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。calculation“估計”；evaluation“評價”；profit“利潤”；register“注冊”。句意：這本書出版以來已經(jīng)獲得了幾個評論，但是沒有一個評論是表示對這本書的評價。選項B符合題意。

12.單選題

Asthedirectorcan'tcometothereception,I'mrepresentingthecompany______.

問題1選項

A.onhisaccount

B.onhisbehalf

C.forhispart

D.inhisinterest

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。onone’saccount“為了某人”；onone’sbehalf“代表”；forone’spart“對某人來說”；inone’sinterest無此短語用法。句意：因為主管不能出席招待會，我代表他參加。因此B選項符合題意。

13.單選題

Theswimmingpoolisthechildren’sfavorite（

）inthesummer.

問題1選項

A.cradle

B.haunt

C.heading

D.hedge

【答案】B

【解析】cradle搖籃,發(fā)源地；haunt常去的地方；heading標題；hedge樹籬,障礙。句意:游泳池是孩子們夏天最愛去的地方。選項B符合句意。

14.翻譯題

4.Whenpeoplefaceachallengetheysometimestalkabouttakingadeepbreathtofindcourageorstrength.Infact,theword“inspire”literallymeans“tobreathein”.Butevenwiththeinspirationofothers,it’sunderstandablethatwesometimesthinktheworld’sproblemsaresobigthatwecandolittletohelp.Onourown,wecannotendwarsorwipeoutinjustice,butthecumulativeimpactofthousandsofsmallactsofgoodnesscanbebiggerthanweimagine.

【答案】【參考譯文】

4.遭遇挑戰(zhàn)的人們有時會說，深吸一口氣，拿出勇氣和力量。事實上，“鼓舞”的字面意思就是“吸氣”。可即便受到他人鼓舞，我們有時還是發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個世界的問題太大，我們所做的不過杯水車薪，這是可以理解的。就我們自己而言，我們無法結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭，掃蕩不公，可成千上萬微不足道的善行累加起來，卻能產(chǎn)生我們想象不到的影響。

15.單選題

Framingaprobleminmythologicaltermscanpointtowardsolutionsatdeepermythiclevels.Forcenturies,theguidingmythofWesternculturehasbeenwhatmightbecalledthe“GrandNarrativeofProgress.”Itisthestoryofmovementtowardagoal—achievement,improvement,andconquest.Modernscienceandtechnologyhavepropelledthismyth,extendingthehumanlife-span,harnessingnaturalresourcesandthepoweroftheatom,carryingsoundsthroughtheatmosphere,andexploringouterspacebydefyinggravityitself.

Rationalthoughtandtheempiricalscientificmethodbecamethechiefinstrumentsoftheprogressmyth,andtheypromisedtodiscernwhicheconomicsystem,whichformofgovernment,andwhichaestheticdesignwouldbestleadhumanityoutofconfusiontowardautopianfuture.Assciencetestshypotheses,thosethatfailtobeverifiedareabandoned,allowingsciencetomoveforwardinaself-correcting,progressivedirection.

Mythologywasequatedwithsuperstitionandfalsehood:itsmostvitalelementscouldnotbesubjectedtoempiricalverification,anditemanatedfromthewellofimaginationratherthanreason.Spiritualconcerns,beliefsinthedivine,andrespectforthesacredwereconsideredtobethe“opiumofthemasses”and,likeanyotheraddiction,ahindrancetoprogress.

ButastheGrandNarrativeofProgresscametodominateothervaluesandviews,itcastamalignantshadow.Theinventionoftheautomobilewasthequintessenceofprogress,butitleftovercrowdedhighways,airpollution,anddeforestationinitswake.Fertilizersincreasedcropproductionbutalsoincreasedthegrowthofalgaeinlakesandcanals.Thediscoveryofpowerfulinsecticides—firstgreetedwithenthusiasmandaNobelPrize—wasfollowedbytheunintentionalpoisoningoffish,birds,andanimals.Nuclearpowerplantsincreasedavailableenergybutledtostorageproblems,life-threateningcontamination,andatleastoneaccidentwithworldwiderepercussions.Thewasteproductsoftechnologicallivingbegantochokegreatcitiesandfoulonce-pristinelands.AlthoughWesternhousing,clothing,andreligionwerebroughttoaboriginalpeople,andtherateofinfectiousdiseasewentdown,therateofalcoholism,drugaddiction,suicide,andspouseandchildrenabusewentup.

1.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat（）.

2.TheGrandNarrativeofProgresscanberealizedbecause（）.

3.Inthelastparagraph,theword“malignant”means（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheviewoftheauthor?

問題1選項

A.mythisveryimportantintheproblem-solutionrelationship

B.scienceandtechnologyarehelpfultosolvetheproblems

C.theGrandNarrativeofProgressispowerful

D.problemandsolutionarethetwins

問題2選項

A.itemanatedfromimaginationratherthanreason

B.itisthestoryofamovementtowardagoal

C.itdominatesothervaluesandviews

D.itiswiththoughtandmethod

問題3選項

A.fantastic

B.dominant

C.benign

D.harmful

問題4選項

A.Humanprogresshasnothingtodowithmythologies.

B.Themythhashelpedlittleinshapingthehumanfuture.

C.TheGrandNarrativeofProgressshouldbecriticized.

D.Scienceandtechnologycanleadustoautopianfuture

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)句意:用神話構(gòu)思問題能更好地從神話的角度解決問題。也就是說,神話在解決問題的過程中非常重要。選項A正確。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“GrandNarrativeofProgress”定位到第一段“...Itisthestoryofmovementtowardagoal—achievement,improvement,andconquest.”這是一個朝著目標前進的故事——成就、進步和征服?！斑M步大神話”之所以能實現(xiàn)是因為它有明確的目標,朝著目標前進。選項B符合原文。

3.原文中“malignant”修飾shadow,而在接下來的內(nèi)容中主要描述的是“進步大神話”的負面影響,由此可以推斷,shadow指陰影,選項中表示貶義的形容詞只有選項D,所以“malignant”指有害的。

4.根據(jù)原文第三段可知,作者對神話的態(tài)度是反對的,緊接著在第四段花大量的篇幅講述了“進步大神話”的負面影響,由此可以推斷,作者認為,“進步大神話”應該受到批評。選項C正確。

16.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingofthehumanmind:itissimplythemodebywhichallphenomenaarereasonedaboutandgivenpreciseandexactexplanations.Thedifferencebetweentheoperationsandmethodsofabakerweighingouthisgoodsincommonscales,andtheoperationsofachemistbymeansofhisbalanceisnotthatthescalesintheonecase,andthebalanceintheother,differintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionormannerofworking,butthatthelatterisamuchfinerapparatusandofcoursemuchmoreaccurateinitsmeasurementthattheformer.

Probablythereisnotoneherewhohasnotinthecourseofthedayhadoccasiontosetinmotionofacomplextrainofreasoning,oftheverysamekind,thoughdifferingindegree,asthatwhichascientificmangoesthroughintracingthecausesofnaturalphenomena.

【答案】科學研究的方法不過是人類思維運作的必要模式的表現(xiàn)：它只不過是對一切現(xiàn)象進行推理并給予精確和準確解釋的方式。用普通的天平稱貨物的面包師與用精密天平的化學家在操作與方法上的區(qū)別，并不是面包師的天平與化學家的天平在構(gòu)造上和工作原理上的不同，而只是后者是比前者精密得多的儀器，當然也能得出比前者更準確的結(jié)果。

大概，這里不會有人一整天都沒有機會進行一連串復雜的思考活動。這些思考活動與科學家在探索自然現(xiàn)象原因時所經(jīng)歷的思考活動，盡管復雜程度不同，但在類型上卻是完全一樣的。

17.單選題

Abalanceusedforweighingdrugsorjewelsmustbea（）instrument,butthiswouldbequiteunsuitableforweighingcoal,sandorblocksofstone.

問題1選項

A.distinction

B.correction

C.precaution

D.precision

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。distinction“區(qū)別”；correction“改正”；precaution“預防”；precision“精確的”。句意：用來稱藥品和珠寶的是一種精密儀器，這種儀器不合適稱煤、沙或石塊的重量。選項D符合題意。

18.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

ItisperfectlyclearthataviolentrevolutiononthepartofAmericanblackswouldfindnosympathyandsupportfromthewhitepopulationandverylittlefromthemajorityoftheNegroesthemselves.Thisisnotimeforromanticillusions.Withoutrecognizingthiswewillendupwithsolutionsthatdon’tsolve,answersthatdon’tanswerandexplanationsthatdon’texplain.

【答案】毋庸置疑，美國黑人的暴力革命絕不可能得到白人的同情與支持，也得不到大多數(shù)黑人的同情與支持?，F(xiàn)在不是浪漫幻想的時候。如果不能認識到這一點，我們將會得出無法解決困難的方法、無法回答疑問的答案與無法闡釋問題的解釋。

19.單選題

Wouldyouplease（）onyoursecondpoint?

問題1選項

A.indicate

B.elaborate

C.precede

D.count

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項indicate“表明；指出”；B選項elaborate“精心制作；詳細闡述”；C選項precede“領(lǐng)先；高于”；D選項count“認為；算數(shù)”。句意：能不能對你的第二個要點進行……？對第二個要點還沒有領(lǐng)會理解，需要進一步做解釋。因此B選項符合題意。

20.單選題

21-25

問題1選項

A.About10,000,000.

B.About1,000,000.

C.About100,000.

D.About10,000.

問題2選項

A.Acocktailofvitamins.

B.Acocktailofvitaminsplusmagnesium.

C.ThecombinationofvitaminsA,CandE.

D.E.D.

E.D.Thecombinationofminerals23.

問題3選項

A.Thedelicatestructuresoftheinnerear.

B.Theinnerearcells.

C.Theeardrums.

D.Theinnerearossicles.24.

問題4選項

A.GeneralMotors(通用汽車公司).

B.TheUnitedAutoWorkers(汽車工會).

C.NIH.

D.Allofabove25.

問題5選項

A.AnindustrialtrialinSpain.

B.Militarytrials(軍事審判)inSpainandSweden.

C.IndustrialtrialsinSpainandSweden.

D.AtrialinvolvingstudentsattheUniversityofFlorida.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】(21)About10millionpeopleintheU.S.alone,fromtroopsreturningfromwartostudentswithmusicblastingthroughheadphonesaresufferingfromimpairingnoise-inducedhearingloss.TheriseintrendissomethingthatresearchersandphysiciansattheUniversityofMichiganCresgoHearingResearchInstitutearehopingtoreverse,withthecocktailofvitaminsandthemineralmagnesium(鎂)thatshallpromiseasapossiblewaytopreventhearinglosscausedbyloudnoise.Thenutrientsweresuccessfulinlaboratorytests.Andnowresearchersaretestingwhetherhumanswillbenefitaswell.(22)ThecombinationofvitaminsA,CandEplusmagnesiumisgivenonpillformtopatientswhoareparticipatingintheresearch.DevelopedattheUMCresgoHearingResearchInstitute,themedication,calledOralQuell,isdesignedtobetakenbeforeapersonisexposedtotheloudnoise.Untiladecadeago,itwasthoughtthatnoisedamagedhearingbyintensemechanicalvibrationsthatdestroyeddelicatestructuresoftheinnerear.Therewasnointerventiontoprotecttheinnerearotherthanreducingtheintensityofsoundreachingit,suchasearplugswhicharenotalwayseffective.(23)Itwasthendiscoveredthatnoisecausedintensemetabolicactivityintheinnerearandproductionofmoleculesthatdamagetheinnerearcells.Andthatallowsthediscoveryofinterventiontopreventtheseeffects.(24)Thelaboratoryresearchthatledtoanewunderstandingofmechanismsunderlyingnoise-inducedhearinglosswasfundedbyNIH,thePreclinicalTranslationResearchthatledtotheformulationofOralQuellaseffectivepreventativewasfundedbyGeneralMotorsandtheUnitedAutoWorkers.NowOralQuellisbeingtestedinasetoffourmultinationalhumanclinicaltrials:(25)militarytrialsinSwedenandSpain,andindustrialtrialsinSpainandthetrialinvolvingstudentsattheUniversityofFloridawholistentomusicathighvolumesontheiriPodsandotherPDAs.

21.Accordingtothetalk,howmanyvictimsofhearingproblemarethereintheUnitedStatesalone?

【解析】原文一開頭便提到：About10millionpeopleintheU.S.Alone…aresufferingfromimpairingnoise-inducedhearingloss，即聽力受損的大約有1000萬人。

22.WhichdidUMCresgoHearingResearchInstitutedeveloptopreventhearingloss?

【解析】原文中說該研究采用的是“combinationofvitaminsA,CandEplusmagnesium”，選項B“維生素和鎂的混合藥”正確。

23.Accordingtothelatestfindings,whatdoesloudnoisedamage?

【解析】文中提到“Itwasthendiscoveredthatnoisecausedintensemetabolicactivityintheinnerearandproductionofmoleculesthatdamagetheinnerearcells”，即噪音產(chǎn)生的原子能損害內(nèi)耳的細胞。

24.Accordingtothetalk,whosupportedthelabresearch?

【解析】題目問這一研究由誰支持，文中提到了NIH國家衛(wèi)生研究所。

25.WhichofthefollowingisnotincludedasthemultinationalhumanclinicaltrialsforOralQuell?

【解析】題目問哪一個不屬于多國人類臨床試驗，只有C選項與原文不一致。

21.問答題

CharlesDarwin’s“OntheOriginofSpecies”iscreditedwithsparkingevolution’srevolution

A

inscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstood

B

theidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreat,accordingtotheArnold

C

D

Arboretum’snewdirector.

【答案】試題答案：B;understanding

【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。understood一般用于beunderstoodas（被理解為），understanding意為“理解的”。

22.單選題

Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps20percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.

Sinceabout1970,newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.

Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.

Inonestudy,researchersexaminedthebrainofalearning-disabledpersonwhohaddiedinanaccident.Theyfoundtwounusualthings.Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearningdisabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.

ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwind,anearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nevercellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.

Otherresearchersdidnotexaminebraintissue.Instead,theymeasuredthebrain’selectricalactivityandmadeamapoftheelectricalsignals.

FrankDuffyexperimentedwiththistechniqueatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffyfoundlargedifferencesinthebrainactivityofnormalchildrenandthosewithreadingproblems.Thedifferencesappearedthroughoutthebrain.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.

46.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

47.Scientistsfoundthatthebraincellsofalearning-disabledpersondifferfromthoseofanormalpersonin______.

48.AllofthefollowingstatementsareTRUEexceptthat______.

49.DoctorDuffybelievedthat______.

50.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatfurtherresearchesshouldbemade______.

問題1選項

A.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.

B.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromdamagetoawideareaofthebrain.

C.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromabnormalorganizationofthebraincells.

D.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromtheunknownareaofthebrain.

問題2選項

A.structureandfunction

B.colorandarrangement

C.sizeandarrangement

D.colorandfunction

問題3選項

A.manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder

B.alearning-disabilitiesispersonshowsnooutwardsigns

C.readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation

D.thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren

問題4選項

A.theproblemoflearningdisabilitieswasnotlimitedtotheleftsideofthebrain

B.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesdidnotlieintheleftsideofthebrain

C.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesresultedfromtheleftsideofthebrain

D.hefoundtheexactcauseoflearningdisabilities

問題5選項

A.toinvestigatepossibleinfluencesonbraindevelopmentandorganization

B.tostudyhowchildrenlearntoreadandwrite,andusenumbers

C.tohelplearning-disabledchildrentodeveloptheirintelligence

D.toexplorehowtheleftsideofthebrainfunctionsinlanguagelearning

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】46.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干的意思是“下列哪一項在文章中沒有提到？”。A項“學習障礙可能是由左腦問題引起的”，第五段第二句提到DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.（Geschwind博士提出學習障礙主要是由左腦問題引起的），可知A項在文中有提到。B項“學習障礙可能是由于大腦大片區(qū)域受損造成的”，文章最后一句提到DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.（杜菲醫(yī)生說，他的研究證明，學習障礙涉及到大腦的大面積損傷，而不僅僅是左腦），可知B項在文中有提到。C項“學習障礙可能是由腦細胞的異常組織引起的”，第四段最后兩句提到Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.（研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多神經(jīng)細胞并沒有按照它們應有的方式排成一行；神經(jīng)細胞混合在一起）可知C項在文中有提到。只有D項“學習障礙可能是由大腦的未知區(qū)域引起的”在文中沒有提及。因此該題選D。

47.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)推理題。題干的意思是“科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，有學習障礙的人的腦細胞在……上與正常人不同？”。根據(jù)第四段第四句Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearningdisabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.（這些細胞通常是白色的；然而，對于有學習障礙的人，這些細胞是灰色的）和第四段最后兩句Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.（研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多神經(jīng)細胞并沒有按照它們應有的方式排成一行；神經(jīng)細胞混合在一起），由此可知，有學習障礙的人的腦細胞在顏色和結(jié)構(gòu)排列上和正常人的腦細胞不一樣。因此B項“顏色和排列”正確。A項“結(jié)構(gòu)和功能”，C項“大小和排列”和D項“顏色和功能”都只是提到一部分。因此該題選B。

48.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干的意思是“下列陳述除了哪一項其他都是正確的？”。A項“造成學習障礙的因素很多”，第二段第二句提到Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.（科學家們現(xiàn)在知道有許多不同種類的學習障礙，它們是由許多不同的東西造成的），由此可知A項正確。B項“學習障礙是指沒有外在跡象的人”，第三段第二句提到Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.（沒有這種疾病的外在跡象），可知B項正確。C項“閱讀障礙是一個影響10%人口的普遍問題”，文中只提到了正常兒童和有閱讀問題的兒童的大腦活動存在很大差異，沒有提到閱讀障礙影響了多少人口比例，C項表述錯誤。D項“有學習障礙的兒童的大腦活動與正常兒童不同”，根據(jù)第四段第二句Theyfoundtwounusualthings.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩件不尋常的事情）可知，D項也正確。因此該題選C。

49.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干的意思是“Duffy博士相信……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章的最后一段DoctorDuffyfoundlargedifferencesinthebrainactivityofnormalchildrenandthosewithreadingproblems.Thedifferencesappearedthroughoutthebrain.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.（達菲醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)，正常兒童和有閱讀問題的兒童的大腦活動存在很大差異。這種差異出現(xiàn)在整個大腦中。杜菲醫(yī)生說，他的研究證明，學習障礙涉及到大腦的大面積損傷，而不僅僅是左腦。），由這一段內(nèi)容可知，Duffy博士相信學習障礙兒童的大腦活動差異是出現(xiàn)在整個大腦中，而不僅僅是左腦，所以A項“學習障礙的問題并不局限于左腦”正確。B項“學習障礙的問題并不在于左腦”，這是偷換概念，B項錯誤。C項“學習障礙的問題是由左腦引起的”，內(nèi)容與原文不符；D項“他找到了學習障礙的確切原因”，內(nèi)容有點過度解讀，Duffy博士并未強調(diào)這是學習障礙的確切原因。因此該題選A。

50.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“根據(jù)本文，我們