考研考博-英語-南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)翰林學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)翰林學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Government（）theuseofseatbeltsinallcars.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prevails

B.provokes

C.mediates

D.mandates

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：政府（）在所有車中使用安全帶。

prevail勝過，獲勝，生效，流行；provoke激起，挑釁；mediate調(diào)解，斡旋，居中；man-date授權(quán)，托管，強(qiáng)制。D選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)制”符合句意。

2.寫作題

Somepeopletendtostudyasubjectinaveryintensivewayoverashortperiodoftime,whileotherstendtostudyasubjectconstantlyoveralongperiodoftime.Whatdoyouthinkisabetterwayoflearning?Explainwhy.

【答案】IntensiveLearningIsanEfficientWayforLearning3.單選題

TheIndustrialRevolutionbegansometimeintheeighteenthcentury.Itbrought（1）greaterchangesintechnologythantherehadbeeninallthe（2）historyofmankind.Bythemid-1800stherevolutionhadrunits（3）,andadvancedcountriesbegantoenjoysuch（4）asrailways,steamships,electricityandavarietyofsteam-driven（5）thatincreasedproductiontremendouslyandmadetheindustrialcountriesricherandmorepowerful.Technology,alsoenriched,was（6）refinedtoproducethetelephone,wirelesstelegraphy,theautomobileandtheairplane.Improvements（7）massproductionsoonmadethesenewthings（8）toordinarypeople,andbythe1930snewentertainmentindustries,（9）theradioandsoundmotionpictures,（10）theageofmassconsumption.

Allofthistookabout200years,（11）inthelaterstagesthepaceofdevelopment（12）.IftheFirstWorldWar（13）upthepaceofindustrialdevelopmentdramatically,thesecondglobal（14）wasthecatalyst（催化劑）forareal（15）oftechnology.It（16）tousthe（17）blessingsofnuclearenergyandweapons,spacetravelandinter-continentalballisticmissiles（彈道導(dǎo)弾）,automationandpetro-chemicals.Someinventionschangedthefaceofindustry,whileothersbeganto（18）thecharacterofsocietyandfamilylife.In（19）,theprocessoftechnologymadelifemoreproductive,saferandmoreagreeable;butalsomore（20）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.up

B.forward

C.out

D.about

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.processing

B.proceeding

C.preceding

D.presenting

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.course

B.way

C.route

D.road

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.discoveries

B.novelties

C.equipment

D.techniques

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.devices

B.facilities

C.appliances

D.machinery

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.quite

B.already

C.rather

D.further

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.for

C.of

D.with

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.accessible

B.available

C.adaptable

D.additional

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.excluding

B.concluding

C.including

D.comprising

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.enlivened

B.enriched

C.enhanced

D.enlightened

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.otherwise

B.therefore

C.but

D.moreover

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.slowed

B.enlarged

C.accelerated

D.stepped

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.made

B.stepped

C.picked

D.turned

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.conflict

B.confusion

C.conquest

D.conduct

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.destruction

B.deterioration

C.devotion

D.explosion

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.provided

B.furnished

C.supplied

D.introduced

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.changed

B.affected

C.mixed

D.confused

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.alter

B.vary

C.alternate

D.differ

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.particular

B.short

C.consequence

D.end

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.fascinating

B.challenging

C.amusing

D.overwhelming

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:D

第17題:C

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:B

【解析】第1題:考查固定搭配。bringabout意為“帶來，引起”；bringup意為“養(yǎng)育”；bringforward意為“提出，提前”；bringout意為“生產(chǎn)，出版”。由句意可知工業(yè)革命帶來了很大變化，因此選D。

第2題:考查詞義辨析。preceding意為“先前的，之前的”；processing為process（處理，加工）的現(xiàn)在分詞proceeding作名詞時(shí)，意為“訴訟，進(jìn)程”，proceeding作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，是proceed（繼續(xù)做，進(jìn)行）的現(xiàn)在分詞；presenting是present（展示）的現(xiàn)在分詞。

第3題:考查固定搭配。runitscourse意為“任其發(fā)展，聽其自然”。

第4題:考查上下文語義，由后面的railways,steamships,electricityandavarietyofsteam-driven（鐵路、輪船、電力和各種蒸汽動(dòng)力）以及前面提到的這是一次工業(yè)革命，可知這些是新出現(xiàn)的事物，因此填novelties（新奇的事物）最為恰當(dāng)。

第5題:考查上下文語義。由后面thatincreasedproductiontremendouslyandmadetheindustrialcountriesricherandmorepowerful（這極大地增加了產(chǎn)量，使工業(yè)化國家更加富裕和強(qiáng)大）可知填machinery（機(jī)器，機(jī)械）最為恰當(dāng)。

第6題:考查上下文語義。由后面的thetelephone,wirelesstelegraphy,theautomobileandtheairplane（電話、無線電報(bào)、汽車和飛機(jī)）可知技術(shù)非常的完善，因此填quite（相當(dāng)，很）最為恰當(dāng)。rather多用于貶義形容詞。

第7題:考查介詞辨析。表示“在某方面”用介詞in，improvementinmassproduction意為“大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的改進(jìn)”。

第8題:考查形容詞辨析。accessibleto意為“可得到的，容易獲得的”；availableto意為“可獲得的”；adaptableto意為“適應(yīng)”；additionto意為“附加的”。由后面的ordinarypeople可知大規(guī)模的生產(chǎn)這些東西使普通人可以容易得到，因此選A。

第9題:考查上下文語義。可將“___theradioandsoundmotionpictures”看作一個(gè)插入語，excluding意為“排除”；concluding意為“結(jié)束的”；including意為“包括”，指一個(gè)整體包含著各獨(dú)立的部分，強(qiáng)調(diào)“包括作為整體的一部分”；comprising意為“包含”，指一個(gè)整體包括不同部分所組成，強(qiáng)調(diào)“由許多部分構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體”。此處是舉例說明前面“新娛樂產(chǎn)業(yè)”的種類，因此選C。

第10題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。enliven意為“使……更有趣（活潑）”；enrich意為“使富?！?；enhance意為“提高，增加”；enlighten意為“啟蒙，啟發(fā)”，此處表示新娛樂產(chǎn)業(yè)使大眾消費(fèi)時(shí)代更有趣。

第11題:考查連詞?？崭袂昂鬄閮蓚€(gè)句子，缺少連詞，因此填but。

第12題:考查上下文語義。slow意為“緩慢”；enlarge意為“擴(kuò)大”；accelerate意為“（使）加快，（使）增速”；step意為“邁步，行走”。由后面的industrialdevelopmentdramatically（工業(yè)急劇發(fā)展）和catalyst（催化劑）可推測句子的主語thepaceofdevelopment（發(fā)展的步伐）加速，因此選C。

第13題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。stepup意為“增加，提高”；makeup意為“組成”；pickup意為“撿起”；turnup意為“出現(xiàn)”，由前面的內(nèi)容可知此處表示加速工業(yè)發(fā)展，因此選B。

第14題:考查上下文語義。conflict意為“沖突”；confusion意為“混亂”；conquest意為“征服，擊敗”；conduct意為“安排，執(zhí)行”。由前面的theFirstWorldWar（第一次世界大戰(zhàn)）可推測這里指第二次世界大戰(zhàn)，thesecondglobalconflict（第二次全球沖突）最為恰當(dāng)，因此選A。

第15題:考查名詞辨析。explosion意為“爆炸，激增”；destruction意為“破壞，毀滅”；deterioration意為“惡化”；devotion意為“獻(xiàn)身，奉獻(xiàn)”。此處表示科技的爆發(fā)，因此選D。

第16題:考查固定搭配。introduceto意為“帶來，介紹”；provide/furnish/supplysb.withsth.表示提供、供應(yīng)。

第17題:考查上下文語義。由后面的nuclearenergyandweapons,spacetravelandinter-continentalballisticmissiles,automationandpetro-chemicals可知帶來的影響有利有弊，因此選C，mixedblessing意為“好壞摻半之事”。

第18題:考查上下文語義。由前面的Someinventionschangedthefaceofindustry（一些發(fā)明改變了工業(yè)的面貌）可知此處的謂語動(dòng)詞填alter（改變）最為恰當(dāng)，與changed相對(duì)應(yīng)。

第19題:考查上下文語義。inshort意為“簡而言之，總之”；inparticular意為“尤其，特別”；inconsequence意為“結(jié)果，因此”。此處表示總結(jié)，因此選B。

第20題:考查上下文語義。fascinating意為“迷人的”；challenging意為“挑戰(zhàn)性的”；amusing意為“好笑的，有趣的”；overwhelming意為“巨大的，無法抗拒的”。由but可知此處表示與前面的moreproductive,saferandmoreagreeable（更高效、更安全、更舒適）對(duì)比，因此選B。

4.單選題

Thelocalgovernmenthas（）thelandownerstofishthesewaters.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transformed

B.ransferred

C.licensed

D.allocated

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)?shù)卣呀?jīng)（）地主在河里釣魚。transformed轉(zhuǎn)變；transferred移動(dòng)、轉(zhuǎn)移；licensed許可；allocated分配。故選C。

5.單選題

TheForbiddenCityistheformerimperialpalaceinthecenterofBeijing,China.A.Constructionbeganin1406,andtheemperor’scourtofficiallymovedinby1420.TheForbiddenCitygotitsnamebecausemostpeoplewerebarredfromenteringthe72-hectaresite,surroundedbywalls.Evengovernmentofficialsandtheimperialfamilywerepermittedonlylimitedaccess.Onlytheemperorcouldenteranysectionatwill.

ThearchitectureoftheForbiddenCityconformsrigidlytotraditionalChineseprinciples.Allbuildingswithinthewallsfollowanorth-southline,andthemostimportantonesfacesouthtohonorthesun.Thedesignersarrangedtheotherbuildings,andtheceremonialspacesbetweenthem,toimpressallvisitorswiththegreatpoweroftheEmperor,whilereinforcingtheinsignificanceoftheindividual.Thisarchitecturalconceptwascarriedouttothesmallestdetail.Forexample,theimportanceofabuildingwasdeterminednotonlybyitsheightorwidthbutalsobythestyleofitsroofandthequantityofstatuettesplacedontheroof’sridges.

Inrecognitionoftheimportanceofitsunparalleledarchitecture,UNESCOaddedthepalacetoitsWorldHeritageListin1987.Today,visitorsfromallovertheworlddonotwaitforanimperialinvitationtowalkaboutthispalace,nowamuseumofimperialart.

OneofthemostimpressivelandmarksoftheForbiddenCityistheMeridianGate,theformalentrancetothesouthernsideoftheForbiddenCity.Thegate,withitsauxiliarywingsoneithersideoftheentryway,is38metershighatitsroofridge.Whenyoustandinfrontofthismajesticstructure,youunderstandhowawedpeoplefeltwhentheystoodtherelisteningtoimperialproclamations.

Asyouwalkthroughthegate,youcomeintoalargecourtyard,140meterslongand210meterswide.RunningthroughthecourtyardistheGoldenRiver,whichiscrossedbyfiveparallelwhitemarblebridges.ThesebridgesleadtotheGateofSupremeHarmony,which,inturn,leadstotheheartoftheForbiddenCity.Itsthreemainhallsstandatopathree-tieredmarbleterraceoverlookinganimmenseplaza.A.Theplazahasenoughspacetoholdtensofthousandsofsubjectspayinghomagetotheemperor.

AtthenorthernmostendoftheForbiddenCityistheImperialGarden,whichistotallydifferentfromtherestofthecompound.D.Insteadofrigidformality,youseeaseemingspontaneousarrangementoftrees,fishponds,flowerbeds,andsculpture.Hereistheplaceofrelaxationfortheemperor.

1.Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthat.

2.Fromthepassage,itisimpliedthatthemainentranceareatotheForbiddenCityis.

3.Whichphraseisclosestinmeaningtotheword“proclamations”inparagraph4?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatdothebridgesovertheGoldenRiverleadto?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Chinesearchitectsborrowedideasfrommanydifferentcountries

B.thedesignoftheForbiddenCityisdullandcolorless

C.thearchitectureoftheForbiddenCityexemplifiestraditionalChinesevalues

D.thegardenoftheForbiddenCitywaslaidoutinastrict,rectangularpattern

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.surroundedbythreetallwalls

B.paintedgoldandgreen

C.decoratedwithstatuettes

D.notveryimpressive

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Musiccomposedforpublicceremonies

B.Speechesencouragingsoldierstofight

C.Officialpublicannouncements

D.Poetrywrittenfortheemperor

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheMeridiangate

B.TheGateofSupremeHarmony

C.ThecenterofBeijing

D.TheImperialGardens

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第一句話提到紫禁城的建筑嚴(yán)格遵循中國的傳統(tǒng)原則（ThearchitectureoftheForbiddenCityconformsrigidlytotraditionalChineseprinciples），由此可知選項(xiàng)C“紫禁城的建筑體現(xiàn)了中國傳統(tǒng)的價(jià)值觀”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第三句話提到紫禁城得名于大多數(shù)人被禁止進(jìn)入這個(gè)區(qū)域，周圍有圍墻（TheForbiddenCitygotitsnamebecausemostpeoplewerebarredfromenteringthe72-hectaresite,surroundedbywalls），由此可知進(jìn)入紫禁城的入口是被高墻圍住，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。文章第四段最后一句話提到當(dāng)你站在這座雄偉的建筑前，你就能理解人們站在那里聆聽帝王宣言的敬畏之情（Whenyoustandinfrontofthismajesticstructure,youunderstandhowawedpeoplefeltwhentheystoodtherelisteningtoimperialproclamations），由此可知選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第五段第三句ThesebridgesleadtotheGateofSupremeHarmony可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Broughtupinademocraticatmosphere,thestudentwasshockedbythe______andnarrownessexpressedbyseveralofhisclassmates.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indecisiveness

B.bigotry

C.callus

D.calumny

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)indecisiveness表示“猶豫不定”，B項(xiàng)bigotry表示“偏執(zhí)，頑固”，C項(xiàng)callus表示“愈合組織，老繭”，D項(xiàng)calumny表示“誹謗，中傷”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處和narrowness（狹隘）為并列成分，因此，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有“偏執(zhí)”符合語境。句意：在民主的環(huán)境中長大的這個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)他的幾個(gè)同學(xué)表現(xiàn)出的偏執(zhí)和狹隘感到震驚。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

7.寫作題

Somepeoplebelievethatarangeoftechnologyavailablehasincreasedthegapbetweenrichpeopleandpoorpeople,butothersbelieveithasoppositeeffects.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.

【答案】略

8.翻譯題

1.Eventhoughtheywerealreadylate,they

(

)

（寧愿停下來欣賞美麗的景色）thanjustgoon.

2.Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionbetweenthetwoparties,as

(

)

（任何一方都不肯放棄自己的立場）.

3.Thepills(

)

（本來可以治愈那位癌癥病人的）,buthedidn'tfollowthedoctor'sadviceandtakethemregularly.

4.Itis(

)

（你真好，給了我那么多幫助）;Ireallyfeelobligedtoyou.

5.Thewarleftthefamilyscatteredallovertheworld,anditwasthirtyyears

(

)（他們才得以重聚）.

【答案】1.Eventhoughtheywerealreadylate,theywouldratherstopforthebeautifulview（寧愿停下來欣賞美麗的景色）thanjustgoon.

2.Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionbetweenthetwoparties,aseithersiderefusestosoftentheirpositions（任何一方都不肯放棄自己的立場）.

3.Thepillscouldhavecuredthecancerpatient

（本來可以治愈那位癌癥病人的）,buthedidn'tfollowthedoctor'sadviceandtakethemregularly.

4.Itisreallykindofyoutogivemesomuchhelp（你真好，給了我那么多幫助）;Ireallyfeelobligedtoyou.

5.Thewarleftthefamilyscatteredallovertheworld,anditwasthirtyyearsbeforetheywereabletoreunite（他們才得以重聚）.

9.單選題

It’softenamistaketo（

）appearance:thatpoor-lookingindividualisanythingbutpoor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.goover

B.goby

C.goagainst

D.gofor

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)goover“復(fù)習(xí)，檢查”；B選項(xiàng)goby“（時(shí)間）流逝，遵循，遵照，以……判斷”；C選項(xiàng)goagainst“違背，作對(duì)”；D選項(xiàng)gofor“適用于”。根據(jù)配appearance（外貌，外觀）可知B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯，gobyappearance表示“以貌取人”。句意：以貌取人往往是不準(zhǔn)確的：那個(gè)看起來很窮的人根本不窮。

10.單選題

SecretaryOfStateKerrysaidthatit’simportantforpeopleintheworldnotto（

）allegedterroristsbuttounderscoretheimportanceoftheruleoflaw.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sympathizewith

B.getalongwith

C.referto

D.respondto

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)sympathizewith表示“同情，與……產(chǎn)生共鳴”；B選項(xiàng)getalongwith表示“與……和睦相處，取得進(jìn)展”；C選項(xiàng)referto表示“參考，涉及，指的是”；D選項(xiàng)respondto表示“響應(yīng)”。由句意可知，國務(wù)卿克里表示，對(duì)世界人民來講，重要的不是同情所謂的恐怖分子，而是要強(qiáng)調(diào)法治的重要性。因此，A選項(xiàng)的詞義更符合句意，故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

______hisknowledgeandacademicbackground,heisbasicallystupid.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Butfor

B.Accordingto

C.Forall

D.Thanksto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。butfor“要不是；如果沒有”；accordingto“根據(jù)，依據(jù)”；forall“盡管，雖然”；thanksto“由于，幸虧”。句意：盡管他知識(shí)淵博，也受過教育，但本質(zhì)上是愚蠢的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.單選題

Thetechnologicaladvancesmadeitpossibleforthemiddleclassestoenjoywhathadoncebeen（）onlytotheveryrich.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.manageable

B.measurable

C.acceptable

D.affordable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。manageable“可管理的”；measurable“可衡量的”；acceptable“可接受的”；affordable“可負(fù)擔(dān)得起的”。句意：技術(shù)的進(jìn)步讓中產(chǎn)階級(jí)也能夠享受原本只有富人能夠供應(yīng)得起的東西。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intriguing

B.indefmite

C.obscure

D.dubious

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”；indefinite“不確定的”；obscure“昏暗的，朦朧的”；dubious"可疑的；半信半疑的”。句意：很少有有人能夠理解教授演講的內(nèi)容，因?yàn)橹黝}非?；逎＿x項(xiàng)C符合題意。

14.單選題

InFebruaryof2005,PhilBelfiorewasteachinghisseventh-gradestudentshowtowriteapoemintentionallycopyingthestyleoftheRobertfrost’s“StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening”.Helikedthesamplethathehadwrittenforthem,soherecordeditonhishomeansweringmachine:“WhosephonethisisIthinkyouknow/Icannotansweritnowthough/Sostateyourname,beveryclear/I’llcallyoubackwhenIgethome.’’.

Thatactwouldleadtooneofthemostunusualfriendshipsofhislife.

WhenPhilandhisfamilyreturnedtoMarylandfromEastervacation,helistenedtohisvoicemessages.Onegentlemancallerapologizedfordialingthewrongnumber.Butheaddedhe’dheartilyenjoyedthepoem.Phillaughedandthoughtnothingmoreofit,untilthephonerangafewdayslater.

“Irecognizedthevoiceimmediately,”recallsPhil,now57.“Hesaidthathewassorrytobotherme,buthewascallingtohearthepoemagain.”

Thetwomentalked.JohnThompson,aveterannow73,livedinCheyenneWyoming.Itturnedoutthathisbrother,David’sphonenumberwasdifferentfromPhil’sbyonedigit,thusthewrongnumber.“Beforehangingup,Itoldhimtocallbackanytimewhethertohearmoreofthepoemorjusttotalk”recallsPhil.

Thatwas11yearsago.They’vespokenonthephoneafewtimesamontheversince.Johninitiatesmostcalls,butPhilwillringifawhilehaspassed.“Weseemtoalwaysconnectwhenthere’sbeenabigsportsevent.”Philsays.

Themendiscussfootballandfamily.JohnwilltalkexcitedlyabouthispastlifeorupdatePhilonfolkshehasbeenintouchwith.“Slowlyovertheyearsourconversationshavegrownmuchmorepersonal,”saysPhil.“WetalkprimarilyaboutJohn’shealth,andlovelife.Alsoourrelatives,hobbies,andwhateverelsecomesup.Sometimeswejusttalkforaminutetoseehowtheotherisdoing.”

“Likeoldfriends?”Iaskeagerly.I’mtryingtounderstandfromPhilwhatdrawsthesementoeachother.’’Weareoldfriends.’’,Philsays.

Noneedtooverthinkit.John,whoover11yearshassharedalittleofhimselfatatime,haswovenhimselfintothefabricofPhil’slife.IcallJohnandfindhimanengagingstorytellerwithanexceptionalmemory.HetellsmestoriesofhischildhoodvisitingCapitolHill.

Intheyearssince,JohnandPhilhaveplannedtomeettwice,butcircumstancesconspiredagainstthem.Neithermindsthislatest“haven’t”.Theyhaven’tgonetoagametogether,hadacupofcoffeetogether,orsatontheotherssofa.Theirfriendshipisbasedonthesimpleactofpickingupthephone.It’sassimple,andasextraordinary,asthat.

1.WhocomposedtheverseonthePhil’shomeansweringmachine?

2.ThereasonwhyJohnfirstcalledPhilwasthathewantedto_______.

3.Whatdidthetwomentalkaboutmostduringtheirtalks?

4.WhatdoweknowaboutJohnandPhil?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.PhilBelfiore

B.JohnThompson

C.Robertfrost

D.DavidThompson

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.learntowritepoems

B.gotoPhil’sbirthdaylunch

C.connecthisbrother

D.discussRobertfrostwithhim

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Storiesandholidayromance

B.Travelandexoticplaces

C.Poemsandliterature

D.Sportsandfamily

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theywerebestfriendswhohadnotyetmetinperson.

B.Theywerebothpoetswhohadpassionforversecomposition.

C.Theyweregoodstorytellerswhohadextraordinarymemories.

D.Theywerebothveteranswholikedchattingonphoneforhours.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：誰編著了菲爾家答錄機(jī)里的這首詩？通過題干定位到文章第一段的第二句話Helikedthesamplethathehadwrittenforthem,soherecordeditonhishomeansweringmachine（他很喜歡他寫給學(xué)生的樣例，所以他將其錄入了家里的答錄機(jī)），這里的“he”代指的就是前文中提到的“PhilBelfiore”，因此A選項(xiàng)“菲爾?貝爾菲奧爾”，符合題意。其他選項(xiàng)均不是答錄機(jī)里這首詩的作家。綜上所述，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：約翰首次呼叫菲爾的原因是他想要……？通過題干定位到文章第三段第二句話Onegentlemancallerapologizedfordialingthewrongnumber.（一位紳士為打錯(cuò)電話而道歉。），第五段第三句話再次提及Itturnedoutthathisbrother,David’sphonenumberwasdifferentfromPhil’sbyonedigit,thusthewrongnumber.（約翰的哥哥大衛(wèi)的電話號(hào)碼和菲爾家的僅差一個(gè)數(shù)字，所以打錯(cuò)了電話），可以推斷出約翰本來想和他的哥哥打電話，因?yàn)榘村e(cuò)了號(hào)碼打給了菲爾，因此C選項(xiàng)“聯(lián)系他哥哥”，符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)怎么寫詩”，B選項(xiàng)“參加菲爾的生日宴會(huì)”和D選項(xiàng)“和他探討羅伯特這位詩人”，在文中均未提及。綜上所述，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：兩位男士談?wù)摰米疃嗟氖?通過題干定位到文章第七段Themendiscussfootballandfamily…“Slowlyovertheyearsourconversationshavegrownmuchmorepersonal,’’saysPhil.“WetalkprimarilyaboutJohn’shealth,andlovelife.Alsoourrelatives,hobbies,andwhateverelsecomesup…”（男人們談?wù)撟闱蚝图彝ァ斑@些年來，我們的談話慢慢變得越來越私人。”菲爾說?！拔覀冎饕?wù)摷s翰的健康和感情生活，還有我們的親戚、愛好和其他的……”），可知D選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)動(dòng)和家庭”，符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“故事和假期”；B選項(xiàng)“旅行和異國”；C選項(xiàng)“詩歌和文學(xué)”，在文中均未提及。綜上所述，本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干：關(guān)于約翰和菲爾，我們知道什么？A選項(xiàng)“他們是沒有見過面的最好的朋友”，由文章最后一段第一句話JohnandPhilhaveplannedtomeettwice,butcircumstancesconspiredagainstthem.（約翰和菲爾有過兩次見面計(jì)劃，但是情況都有變動(dòng)。），可知他們從沒見面過，故A選項(xiàng)正確；B選項(xiàng)“他們都是對(duì)詩歌創(chuàng)作很有熱情的詩人”，D選項(xiàng)“他們都是喜歡長時(shí)間打電話的退伍軍人”文中提及菲爾是教師，約翰是退伍老兵，因此B，D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“他們都是有特殊回憶的善于說故事的人”，文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句提及IcallJohnandfindhimanengagingstorytellerwithanexceptionalmemory.（我認(rèn)為約翰是一位有特殊回憶的善于說故事的人），但是并沒有提及菲爾是否擅長講故事，C選項(xiàng)屬于原文的過度推斷，故排除。綜上所述，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Themost

technologicalsuccessinthetwentiethcenturyisprobablythecomputerrevolution.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prominent

B.prosperous

C.productive

D.prevalent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Prominent“顯著的，突出的”；prosperous“繁榮的，興旺的”；productive“能生產(chǎn)的”；prevalent“流行的，普遍的”。句意：二十世紀(jì)最卓越的技術(shù)可能是計(jì)算機(jī)革命。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

16.單選題

Growth,reproduction,anddailymetabolismallrequireanorganismtoexpendenergy.Theexpenditureofenergyisessentiallyaprocessofbudgeting,justasfinancesarebudgeted.Ifallofone’smoneyisspentonclothes,theremaybenonelefttobuyfoodorgotothemovies.Similarly,aplantoranimalcannotsquanderallitsenergyongrowingabigbodyifnonewouldbeleftoverforreproduction,forthisisthesurestwaytoextinction.

Allorganisms,therefore,allocateenergytogrowth,reproduction,maintenance,andstorage.Nochoiceisinvolved;thisallocationcomesaspartofthegeneticpackagefromtheparents.Maintenanceforagivenbodydesignofanorganismisrelativelyconstant.Storageisimportant,butultimatelythatenergywillbeusedformaintenance,reproduction,orgrowth.Thereforetheprincipaldifferencesinenergyallocationarelikelytobebetweengrowthandreproduction.

Almostallofanorganism’senergycanbedivertedtoreproduction,withverylittleallocatedtobuildingthebody.Organismsatthisextremeare“opportunists.”Attheotherextremeare“competitors,”almostallofwhoseresourcesareinvestedinbuildingahugebody,withabareminimumallocatedtoreproduction.

Dandelionsaregoodexamplesofopportunists.Theirseedheadsraisedjusthighenoughabovethegroundtocatchthewind,theplantsarenobiggerthantheyneedbe,theirstemsarehollow,andalltherigiditycomesfromtheirwatercontent.Thus,aminimuminvestmenthasbeenmadeinthebodythatbecomesaplatformforseeddispersal.Theseveryshort-livedplantsreproduceprolifically;thatistosaytheyprovideaconstantrainofseedintheneighborhoodofparentplants.Anewplantwillspringupwhereveraseedfallsonasuitablesoilsurface,butbecausetheydonotbuildbigbodies,theycannotcompetewithotherplantsforspace,water,orsunlight.Theseplantsaretermedopportunistsbecausetheyrelyontheirseeds’fallingintosettingswherecompetingplantshavebeenremovedbynaturalprocesses,suchasalonganerodingriverbank,onlandslips,orwhereatreefallsandcreatesagapintheforestcanopy.

Opportunistsmustconstantlyinvadenewareastocompensateforbeingdisplacedbymorecompetitivespecies.Humanlandscapesoflawns,fields,orflowerbedsprovidesettingswithbaresoilandalackofcompetitorsthatareperfecthabitatsforcolonizationbyopportunists.Hence,manyofthestronglyopportunisticplantsarethecommonweedsoffieldsandgardens.

Becauseeachindividualisshort-lived,thepopulationofanopportunistspeciesislikelytobeadverselyaffectedbydrought,badwinters,orfloods.Iftheirpopulationistrackedthroughtime,itwillbeseentobeparticularlyunstable―soaringandplummetinginirregularcycles.

Theoppositeofanopportunistisacompetitor.Theseorganismstendtohavebigbodies,arelong-lived,andspendrelativelylittleefforteachyearonreproduction.Anoaktreeisagoodexampleofacompetitor.Amassiveoakclaimsitsgroundfor200yearsormore,outcompetingallotherwould-becanopytreesbycastingadenseshadeanddrawingupanyfreewaterinthesoil.Theleavesofanoaktreetastefoulbecausetheyarerichintannins,achemicalthatrendersthemdistastefulorindigestibletomanyorganisms.Thetanninsarepartofthedefensemechanismthatisessentialtolongevity.Althoughoaksproducethousandsofacorns,theinvestmentinacropofacornsissmallcomparedwiththeenergyspentonbuildingleaves,trunk,androots.Onceanoaktreebecomesestablished,itislikelytosurviveminorcyclesofdroughtandevenfire.Apopulationofoaksislikelytoberelativelystablethroughtime,anditssurvivalislikelytodependmoreonitsabilitytowithstandthepressuresofcompetitionorpredationthanonitsabilitytotakeadvantageofchanceevents.Itshouldbenoted,however,thatthepureopportunistorpurecompetitorisrareinnature,asmostspeciesfallbetweentheextremesofacontinuum,exhibitingablendofsomeopportunisticandsomecompetitivecharacteristics.

1.Inparagraph1,theauthorexplainstheconceptofenergyexpenditureby

（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theclassificationoforganismsas“opportunists”or“competitors”isdeterminedby（

）.

3.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraph7ascontributingtothelongevityofanoaktreeEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,oaktreesareconsideredcompetitorsbecause

（

）.

5.Inparagraph7,theauthorsuggeststhatmostspeciesoforganisms（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identifyingtypesoforganismsthatbecameextinct

B.comparingthescientificconcepttoafamiliarhumanexperience

C.arguingthatmostorganismsconserveratherthanexpendenergy

D.describingtheprocessesofgrowth,reproduction,andmetabolism

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.howthegeneticinformationofanorganismisstoredandmaintained

B.thewayinwhichtheorganisminvestsitsenergyresources

C.whethertheclimateinwhichtheorganismlivesismildorextreme

D.thevarietyofnaturalresourcestheorganismconsumesinitsenvironment

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecapacitytocreateshade

B.leavescontainingtannin

C.theabilitytowithstandmilddroughtsandfire

D.thelargenumberofacornsthetreeproduces

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theygrowinareasfreeofopportunists

B.theyspendmoreenergyontheirleaves,trunksandrootsthanontheiracorns

C.theirpopulationtendstoincreaseordecreaseinirregularcycles

D.unlikeotherorganisms,theydonotneedmuchwaterorsunlight

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.areprimarilyopportunists

B.areprimarilycompetitors

C.beginasopportunistsandevolveintocompetitors

D.havesomecharacteristicsofopportunistsandsomeofcompetitors

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Theexpenditureofenergyisessentiallyaprocessofbudgeting,justasfinancesarebudgeted.（能量支出本質(zhì)上是一個(gè)預(yù)算過程，就像財(cái)政預(yù)算一樣）可知B選項(xiàng)“將科學(xué)概念與人類熟悉的經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行比較”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Almostallofanorganism’senergycanbedivertedtoreproduction,withverylittleallocatedtobuildingthebody.Organismsatthisextremeare“opportunists.”Attheotherextremeare“competitors,”（幾乎所有的生物體能量都可以被轉(zhuǎn)移到繁殖上，而很少被分配到身體生長上。在這個(gè)極端的生物體是“機(jī)會(huì)主義者”，在另一個(gè)極端的生物體是“競爭者”）可知B選項(xiàng)“生物體投資能量的方式”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Althoughoaksproducethousandsofacorns,theinvestmentinacropofacornsissmallcomparedwiththeenergyspentonbuildingleaves,trunk,androots.（雖然橡樹能產(chǎn)出數(shù)千顆橡子，但與建造樹葉、樹干和樹根的能源相比，對(duì)橡子作物的投資很?。跋鹱印睂儆谙饦涞姆敝撤绞?，不屬于橡樹生命長的原因，因此D選項(xiàng)“橡樹產(chǎn)生大量的橡子”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Attheotherextremeare“competitors,”almostallofwhoseresourcesareinvestedinbuildingahugebody,withabareminimumallocatedtoreproduction.（另一個(gè)極端是“競爭對(duì)手”，它們幾乎把所有的資源都投資到建設(shè)一個(gè)巨大的身體上，只有很少的一部分用于繁殖）可知B選項(xiàng)“它們花在葉、干和根上的精力比花在橡子上的精力多”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的asmostspeciesfallbetweentheextremesofacontinuum,exhibitingablendofsomeopportunisticandsomecompetitivecharacteristics（當(dāng)大多數(shù)物種處于這兩個(gè)極端組成的區(qū)域中，表現(xiàn)出一些機(jī)會(huì)主義和一些競爭特征的混合）可知D選項(xiàng)“具有機(jī)會(huì)主義者和競爭對(duì)手的一些特點(diǎn)”符合題意。

17.單選題

Theirviewthatwomenarethenatural（）ofmoralityisnotmyview.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.guardians

B.guards

C.guides

D.soldiers

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：他們認(rèn)為，女人是道德的天然，但我不認(rèn)同。guardians守護(hù)者、保護(hù)人；guards守衛(wèi)、后衛(wèi)、護(hù)衛(wèi)隊(duì)、禁衛(wèi)軍；guides引導(dǎo)、向?qū)?；soldiers軍人。故選A。

18.單選題

JustbecauseI’m（）tohim,mybossthinkshecanordermearoundwithoutshowingmeanyrespect.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.redundant

B.subordinate

C.versatile

D.trivial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)redundant“多余的；被解雇的；冗長的”；B選項(xiàng)subordinate“從屬的；次要的”；C選項(xiàng)versatile“多才多藝的；通用的”；D選項(xiàng)trivial“不重要的，瑣碎的；瑣細(xì)的”。句意：只是因?yàn)槲沂撬南聦伲业睦习寰驼J(rèn)為，他可以在對(duì)我沒有表示任何尊敬的情況下把我差來差去。根據(jù)句意可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Youwillneverget______withallyourhomeworktonight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.away

C.through

D.off

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)on“在……上”，getonwith表示“在……獲得成功，與……友好相處”；B項(xiàng)away“離開”，getawaywith表示“僥幸成功，僥幸逃脫”；C項(xiàng)through“通過”，getthrough