考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京航空航天大學(xué)金城學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京航空航天大學(xué)金城學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Mypurposeistoconsiderif,inpoliticalsociety,therecanbeanylegitimateandsureprincipleofgovernment,takingmenastheyareandlawsastheymightbe.InthisinquiryIshalltryalwaystobringtogether（

）with（

）sothatjusticeandutilityareinonewaydivided.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichrightpermitted...whichinterestprescribed

B.whatrightpermits...whichinterestprescribed

C.whatrightpermits...whatinterestprescribes

D.whichrightpermitted...whatinterestprescribes

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。由選項(xiàng)和空格前動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)bringtogether“使結(jié)合”可知此題考點(diǎn)，with連接的兩個(gè)部分作賓語(yǔ)。which和what都可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，但what指代的對(duì)象沒(méi)有限定范圍，而which受限制。由句意判斷此處應(yīng)表示“權(quán)利允許的一切以及利益要求的一切”，因此都應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Tuckerisa______eater.Everydayhepolishesoffahalf-dozenhamburgers,apoundofpotatosalad,andagiantbowlofchocolatemousse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.savory

B.palatable

C.culinary

D.voracious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)savory“咸味的，好吃的，好聞的”，B項(xiàng)palatable“（食物或飲料）可口的，味美的”，C項(xiàng)culinary“烹飪的，食物的”，D項(xiàng)voracious“飯量大的，貪吃的，狼吞虎咽的”。由后面的句意“吃掉六個(gè)漢堡包、一磅土豆沙拉和一大碗巧克力慕斯”可知，D項(xiàng)符合。句意：塔克食量很大，他每天要吃掉六個(gè)漢堡包、一磅土豆沙拉和一大碗巧克力慕斯。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Recently,JapaneseimportsofmanufacturedgoodsfromChinahavesurgedandthereputationofChineseproductshasimprovedsubstantially,givingrisetoconcernthatChinawillsoonreplaceJapanasthe"factoryoftheworld".AnobjectiveevaluationofChina'sindustrialstrength,however,suggeststhatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforeitwillbecomeatrulyadvancedindustrialcountryonparwithJapan.

Firstofall,thehighproportionoflabor-intensiveproductsinChina'sexportsmeansthatitstradestructureistypicalofanewlyindustrializingeconomy(NIE).

Thisisdifferentfromthatofdevelopedcountries,wherethemajorexportitems,suchasmachinery,aretechnology-intensive.AlthoughChinaisincreasingitsshareoftheglobalmarketformanufacturedgoods,includingsomeinformation-technology(IT)productsthatareclassifiedashigh-tech,Chineseexportsarestillhighlyconcentratedinlower-endproducts.Intheeaseoftelevisions,forinstance,Japanspecializesinhigh-definitionandotherhigher-endmodels,whileChinaproducesstandardmodelswhoseunitvaluesaremuchlower.

ReflectingChinasemphasisonprocessingtrade,goods"madeinChina"containlargenumbersofoverseascomponents,someofwhicharemadeinJapan.AccordingtoofficialChinesestatistics,increasingexportsbyUSS1millionrequiresimportingintermediategoodsandcomponentsworth$500,000,whichdonotformpartofChina'sgrossdomesticproduct(GDP).Moreover,theproportionofthisimportedcontentishigherforhigh-techthanforlow-techproducts.Acomputerlabeled"madeinChina"islikelytocontainalargeportionofimportedcontentsincludinganIntelcentralprocessingunit(CPU),MicrosoftWindowsoperatingsystem,andaliquidcrystaldisplaymadeinJapanorSouthKorea.

Inaddition,approximatelyhalfofChina'sexportsareproducedbysubsidiariesofforeigncompanies,towhichdividends,interestcharges,royaltiesandotherfeesmustbepaid.EvenamongChinesecompanieswithnocapitalrelationswithoverseascompanies,themajorityoftheirexportsareprocessedunderOEM(originalequipmentmanufacturing)contractsandsoldwithforeignbrandnames.Thusonlyaverysmallpercentageofthevalue-addedofproductslabeled"madeinChina"isactually"madebyChina".ThelattercorrespondstotheconceptofChina'sgrossnationalproduct(GNP),andexcludesimportchargesonintermediategoodsandinvestmentincomepaidtooverseascountries.

Chinaissoheavilydependentonforeignpartnersthatithasyettodevelopitsownedge-cuttingtechnologyandinternationallyrecognizedbrandnames.Ontopofthis;Chinesecompaniesareinferiortotheiroverseascounterpartsinvirtuallyeveryaspect,beitcapital,humanresources,orbusinessmanagement.Asaresult,Chinahasnooptionbuttolooktocheaplaborforitsexportcompetitiveness.Indeed,themajorityofChinascontributiontothevalue-addedofitsexportslieswiththecostoflabor,andtheverylowwagesinChina,averaginglessthan$100amonth,implythatthiscontributionmustbeverysmall.Assuch,thecommonassumptionthatChinesegoodsarecompetitivebecausethecountry'swagelevelsarelowholdstrueonlyforlabor-intensiveproductsanddoesnotnecessarilyapplytoindustryasawhole.Instead,China'slowwagesshouldbeinterpretedasareflectionofthefactthatitslaborproductivityispoor.ItiswhenChina'swagelevelsapproachthoseofJapan,reflectingariseinproductivity,whichChinawillreallybecomeaformidablecompetitorforJapan.

1.Whydoestheauthorsay"thereisstillalongwaytogobeforeitwillbecomeatrulyadvancedindustrialcountryonparwithJapan"?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,what'sthedifferencebetweenproductslabeled"madeinChina"andthoselabeled"madebyChina'?

3.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthecompetitivenessofJapan'sproducts?

4.Theword“subsidiaries”inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.China'stradestructureisstilllaggingbehindthatofdevelopedcountries.

B.China'sexportgoodsarenotascompetitiveasJapan's.

C.WithoutforeignhelpandadvancedtechnologyChinacannotproducemostofitsproducts.

D.Chinaisstillfacedwiththeproblemsofbackwardtradestructure,low-techandlabor-intensiveproducts.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Productslabeled"madeinChina"arehigh-techproductswhilethelatterarenot.

B.WhetherChinaisthemanufactureroftheoriginalpartofproductsandsellsthoseproductswithChinesebrandnames.

C.WhetherChinesecompaniesaresubsidiariesofforeigncompanies.

D.WhetherChinesecompaniesaredependentonforeignpartners.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Japandoesn'texportlower-endproducts.

B.Japanisthe'factoryoftheworld".

C.Japan'smajorexportitemsarehigh-techproductsandcompetitiveinbusinessmanagement.

D.Japandoesn'tputstressonprocessinggoods.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.furnishingaids

B.asumofmoney

C.assistants

D.affiliates

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Chinaisn'taDevelopedCountry.

B.So-called'MadeinChina'Label.

C.JapanWon'tFear'MadeinChina'Label.

D.ChinaWillReplaceJapanastheFactoryofWorld.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段和第三段，“Firstofall,thehighproportionoflabor-intensiveproductsinChina'sexports…Chineseexportsarestillhighlyconcentratedinlower-endproducts.”，可知二三段總結(jié)了中國(guó)工業(yè)發(fā)展的問(wèn)題，包括勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)品占比重過(guò)高，中國(guó)出口仍高度集中于低端產(chǎn)品?？赏茢喑鲋袊?guó)仍然面臨貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)落后、科技含量低、勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)品等問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“ReflectingChinasemphasisonprocessingtrade,goods"madeinChina"containlargenumbersofoverseascomponents,someofwhicharemadeinJapan.”，可知“中國(guó)制造”的商品含有大量海外零部件，其中一些是日本制造的，這反映出中國(guó)對(duì)加工貿(mào)易的重視。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Thusonlyaverysmallpercentageofthevalue-addedofproductslabeled"madeinChina"isactually"madebyChina".”，可知產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)不在中國(guó)?？赏茢喑鲋袊?guó)制造和中國(guó)創(chuàng)造的區(qū)別在于中國(guó)是否是原裝產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)商，并銷售那些有中國(guó)品牌的產(chǎn)品。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Japanspecializesinhigh-definitionandotherhigher-endmodels,whileChinaproducesstandardmodelswhoseunitvaluesaremuchlower.”，可知日本生產(chǎn)高清和高端機(jī)型。根據(jù)文章第六段，“Chinaissoheavilydependentonforeignpartnersthatithasyettodevelopitsownedge-cuttingtechnologyandinternationallyrecognizedbrandnames.”，可知中國(guó)嚴(yán)重依賴外國(guó)合作伙伴，以至于尚未開發(fā)出自己的尖端技術(shù)和國(guó)際知名品牌?？赏茢喑鋈毡镜闹饕隹诋a(chǎn)品是高科技產(chǎn)品，在企業(yè)管理方面具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“…approximatelyhalfofChina'sexportsareproducedbysubsidiariesofforeigncompanies,towhichdividends,interestcharges,royaltiesandotherfeesmustbepaid.”，可知中國(guó)大約一半的出口產(chǎn)品是由外國(guó)公司的子公司生產(chǎn)的，必須向這些子公司支付股息、利息、特許權(quán)使用費(fèi)和其他費(fèi)用?？芍猻ubsidiaries意思為子公司。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.主旨題。文章第一段提出中國(guó)很快取代日本成為“世界工廠”的觀點(diǎn)，接下里討論了中國(guó)工業(yè)發(fā)展過(guò)程中面臨的問(wèn)題，最終得出結(jié)論中國(guó)成為高端科技的工業(yè)國(guó)還需要更多的時(shí)間和努力，所以目前中國(guó)可能還不是日本的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手和威脅因素?？赏茢喑鋈毡緹o(wú)懼“中國(guó)制造”是符合整個(gè)文章意思的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Thepreservedfoodshouldretainpalatableappearance,flavor,andtexture,aswellasitsoriginalnutritionalvalue.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tasty

B.stylish

C.delicate

D.notable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。palatable“美味的，可口的；愉快的”；A選項(xiàng)tasty“美味的；高雅的；有趣的”；B選項(xiàng)stylish“時(shí)髦的；現(xiàn)代風(fēng)格的；瀟灑的”；C選項(xiàng)delicate“微妙的；精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；D選項(xiàng)notable“值得注意的，顯著的；著名的”。句意：腌制食品應(yīng)保持其可口的外觀、風(fēng)味和質(zhì)地，以及原有的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值。題干提到“preservedfood腌制的食物”和“flavor,andtexture味道和質(zhì)地”，可推知palatable在這里“有美味的”的意思，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatthepiano（）after11ofo’clockatnight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasnotplayed

B.nottoplay

C.notbeplayed

D.didnotplay

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在itis+表示要求、建議、必要、命令意思的形容詞或分詞+主語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中。句子使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略，且此處表示被動(dòng)。本句句型是：Itisrequestedbysbthat…，所以句子要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：飯店管理部門懇請(qǐng)客人晚上11點(diǎn)以后不要打開收音機(jī)。所以本題選擇C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity.Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren'tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecounty.Buthowrealisticisthedream?

Citiescanbefrighteningplaces.Themajorityofthepopulationlivesinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats.Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervous-coopedupathomeallday,withnowheretoplay;theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld.Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon'tevensayhellotoeachother.

Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsofsmallvillagestogether.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereisalwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.Butcountrylifehasdisadvantagestoo.Whileitistruethatyoumaybeamongfriendsinavillage,itisalsotruethatyouarecutofffromtheexcitingandinimportanteventsthattakeplaceincities,there'slittlepossibilityofgoingtoanewshoworthelatestmovie.Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown.Thecity-dwellerwholeavesforthecountryisoftenoppressedbyasenseofunbearablestillnessandquiet.

What,then,istheanswer?Thecountryhastheadvantageofpeaceandquiet,butsuffersfromthedisadvantageofbeingcutoff,thecitybreedsafeelingofisolationandconstantnoisebattersthesenses.Butoneofitsmainadvantagesisthatyouareatthecenterofthings,andthatlifedoesn'tcometoanendathalf-pastnineatnight.Somepeoplehavefound(orratherbought)acompromisebetweenthetwo:theyhaveexpressedtheirpreferenceforthe"quietlife"byleavingthesuburbsandmovingtovillageswithincommutingdistanceoflargecities.Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind-theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.

Whatthenofmydreamsofleaningonacottagegateandmurmuring"morning"tothelocalsastheypassby.I’mkeenontheidea,butyouseethere'smycat,Toby.I'mnotatallsurethathewouldtaketoallthatfreshairandexerciseinthelonggrass.Imean,canyouseehimmixingwithallthoseheartymalesdownthefarm?No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.

1.Wegettheimpressionfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthor

（

）.

2.Intheauthor’sopinion,thefollowingmaycausecitypeopletobeunhappyEXCEPT（

）.

3.ThepassageimpliesthatitiseasytobuytothefollowingthingsinthecountryEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribesthosepeoplewhoworkinlargecitiesandliveinvillages

（

）.

5.Doyouthinktheauthorwillmovetothecountry?（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.usedtoliveinthecountry

B.usedtoworkinthecity

C.worksinthecity

D.livesinthecountry

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.astrongsenseoffear

B.lackofcommunication

C.housingconditions

D.asenseofisolation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.dailynecessities

B.freshfruits

C.designerclothes

D.freshvegetables

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Original

B.Quiet

C.Arrogant

D.Insensitive

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Yes,hewilldoso.

B.No,hewillnotdoso

C.Itisdifficulttotell.

D.Heisintwominds.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren'tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecounty.（我設(shè)法說(shuō)服自己，如果不是因?yàn)楣ぷ鞯木壒剩覍ⅠR上搬到開闊的農(nóng)村，回到隱藏在寧?kù)o的村莊）可知作者在城市工作，因此選C。

第2題:推理判斷題。文章第二段中nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon'tevensayhellotoeachother與B選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)；Themajorityofthepopulationlivesinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats與C選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)；theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld與D選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)，因此選A。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章第三段中Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown.（購(gòu)物成了一個(gè)大問(wèn)題，對(duì)于任何不尋常的東西，你必須遠(yuǎn)征到最近的大城市）可知選C，其他選項(xiàng)都為平常的東西。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第四段中Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind-theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.（他們大概和他們留下的塑料花一樣，沒(méi)有感受，他們的腦子里充滿了關(guān)于改變和改進(jìn)農(nóng)村的奇怪想法，并將這些強(qiáng)加給不愿接受的原始居民）可知D選項(xiàng)“麻木不仁的”最恰當(dāng)。這里是將這些人和塑料花進(jìn)行比較，他們只知道一味的強(qiáng)加，并不在意當(dāng)?shù)厝说母惺?，所以說(shuō)和塑料花一樣麻木不仁。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中I’mkeenontheidea,but...No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.可知作者以他的貓為例，認(rèn)為它不一定會(huì)適應(yīng)農(nóng)村生活，更喜歡待在城里，間接表達(dá)了自己不會(huì)去農(nóng)村生活，因此選B。

7.單選題

Thehandsonmyalarmclockare______，soIcanseewhattimeitisinthedark.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exotic

B.gorgeous

C.luminous

D.spectacular

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。exotic“奇異的，引人注目的”；gorgeous“極好的，華麗的”；luminous“發(fā)光的，發(fā)亮的”；spectacular“壯觀的，驚人的”。句意：我手邊上的指針會(huì)發(fā)光，所以我能在黑暗中看清時(shí)間。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Inforeigntransporttodaythemostpopularandcommonkindofpackingmaterialisfoam（泡沫）plastic.Beforeitscominginthe1950s,however,peopleusedwood,paper,spongeandcottonaswrappers.Woodandpaperwerenotresistibleenoughtointenseshocksthatwereinevitableduringlongdistancetransport;cottonandspongecosttoomuchtobewrappersforordinarygoodslikeglass,porcelainetc.Oftendelicategoodswereputinawoodentrunk;oneachsideandendtherewasalayerofsponge,everyindividualobjectthenwaswrappedbyathicklayerofpaperorcotton.Thiswasverysafeindeed,butthepackingandunpackingmeantagreatdealoflabourandawasteofalotofmoney.

Thearrivaloffoamplasticalmostbroughtarevolutiontotheworld’spackingindustry.Todayitaccountsforthreequartersofpackingmaterialsfordelicategoodswhilecottonandspongehavenearlywithdrawnfromthemodernstageofpackaging.Thisisnothingaccidental:foronethingitisascheapasdirtitself;onetonoffoamplastic,whichoccupiesaspaceofasmuchas1000m3,amountstoonlyUS$260.Itissofterthanwood,andharderthancottonandspongerandpaper,andthereforeamoresuitablewrapperfordelicategoods.Whatismore,itcanbeeasilyshapedbutitsshapeisunchangeablesothatdelicategoodslikecameraswiththeirintruding（外凸的）parts,musicalinstrumentswiththeirirregularshapesandextremedelicacycanbecompletelywrappedandwellprotectedinitwithoutadditionalfillings.Stillanotheradvantageisthatthefoamplasticwrappercanbeusedtosafeguardyourobjectsaslongasitlasts:YoubuyaTVsetinthesupermarket.Thefoamplasticwrapperprotectsitonthewaytoyourhome.Whenyoumovehometenyearslater,thesamewrappercanbepickedoutfromtheboxatthecornerofyourbarnandusedtosafeguardyourTVsettoyournewhome.

1.Whatkindofmaterialisfoamplastic?

2.Wheredidintenseshocksoftenoccur?

3.Whywerecottonandspongenotgoodwrappersforordinarygoods?

4.Whatwastheusualcontainerofdelicategoodsbefore?

5.Whyisfoamplasticsopopular?Thefollowingarethereasonsexcept?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thecheapest

B.Themostpopular

C.Thesafest

D.Thehardest

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Duringlongdistancetransport

B.Inawoodentrunk

C.Infreighttransporttoday

D.Inamessyshop

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toosoft

B.Tooexpensive

C.Toocheap

D.Toohard

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Awoodentrunk

B.Alayerofsponge

C.Alayerofpaper

D.Alayerofplastic

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.itischeap

B.itsshapeisunchangeable

C.itcanbeusedformanytimestoprotectthesameobject

D.itisdirtitselfandcanbegoteverywhere

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段第一句Inforeigntransporttodaythemostpopularandcommonkindofpackingmaterialisfoamplastic（在如今的國(guó)外運(yùn)輸中，泡沫塑料是最流行和最常見的包裝材料）可知，B選項(xiàng)“最受歡迎的”符合題意。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段第三句Woodandpaperwerenotresistibleenoughtointenseshocksthatwereinevitableduringlongdistancetransport（木材和紙的抗沖擊能力不足以應(yīng)對(duì)長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸中不可避免的強(qiáng)烈沖擊）可知長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸中，強(qiáng)烈的沖擊是無(wú)法避免的，因此A選項(xiàng)“在長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸中”符合題意。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段第三句cottonandspongecosttoomuchtobewrappersforordinarygoodslikeglass,porcelainetc.（作為玻璃、瓷器等普通商品的包裝，棉花和海綿太貴了）可知，B選項(xiàng)“太昂貴了”符合題意。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題目為“以前通常用來(lái)裝精致物品的容器是什么”，關(guān)鍵詞是容器。由第一段第四句Oftendelicategoodswereputinawoodentrunk（精致的物品通常被裝在一個(gè)木箱里）可知A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)木制的箱子”符合題意。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題目為“下列哪一項(xiàng)不是泡沫塑料受歡迎的原因”，由第二段第三句中的itisascheapasdirtitself（它像泥土一樣便宜）可排除A選項(xiàng)，同時(shí)也可推斷出D選項(xiàng)“它本身就是泥土，隨處可取”是文中沒(méi)有提及的，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。由第二段第五句中的itsshapeisunchangeable（它的形狀是不變的）可排除B選項(xiàng)；由文章最后一句可知，同樣的電視包裝，10年后還可以繼續(xù)用來(lái)保護(hù)同一個(gè)電視，可以排除C選項(xiàng)“它可以被多次用來(lái)保護(hù)同一對(duì)象”。

9.單選題

Asajuniorassistantmanager,hehadbeenselectedfor（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.interruption

B.promotion

C.consideration

D.intuition

【答案】B

【解析】句意:作為一個(gè)年輕的副經(jīng)理,他已被選中為提拔對(duì)象。

考查名詞辨析。Interruption中斷時(shí)間,打擾,插嘴;promotion提升,提拔,晉升;consideration仔細(xì)考慮,深思,斟酌;intuition直覺(jué)力,(一種)直覺(jué)。故B符合句意。

10.單選題

Itisdevelopingaservicethatwillletyoucreateallonlineidentitythatcan（

）variousclaimsthatitwillbackup.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.plunge

B.assert

C.exert

D.insert

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plunge“驟降；陷入”；B選項(xiàng)assert“維護(hù)，堅(jiān)持；斷言”；C選項(xiàng)exert“運(yùn)用，發(fā)揮”；D選項(xiàng)insert“插入；嵌入”。句意：它正在開發(fā)一項(xiàng)服務(wù)，可以讓你創(chuàng)建所有的在線身份，可以……各種聲明并將備份。由句意可知B選項(xiàng)更符合。

11.單選題

Youmustbe（

）whenbuyingausedcar;besuretheengineisingoodcondition.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.weary

B.zealous

C.wary

D.wily

【答案】C

【解析】weary疲倦的，厭煩的；zealous熱心的，積極的；wary謹(jǐn)慎的，考慮周到的；wily狡猾的，詭計(jì)多端的。句意：當(dāng)你買二手車時(shí)一定要小心謹(jǐn)慎，確保發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)處于良好狀態(tài)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Inthelatenineteenthcentury,ecologybegantogrowintoanindependentsciencefromitsrootsinnaturalhistoryandplantgeography.Theemphasisofthisnew"communityecology"wasonthecompositionandstructureofcommunitiesconsistingofdifferentspecies.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,theAmericanecologistFredericClementspointedoutthatasuccessionofplantcommunitieswoulddevelopafteradisturbancesuchasavolcaniceruption,heavyflood,orforestfire.Anabandonedfield,forinstance,willbeinvadedsuccessivelybyherbaceousplants（plantswithlittleornowoodytissue）,shrubs,andtrees,eventuallybecomingaforest.Light-lovingspeciesarealwaysamongthefirstinvaders,whileshade-tolerantspeciesappearlaterinthesuccession.

Clementsandotherearlyecologistssawalmostlawlikeregularityintheorderofsuccession,butthathasnotbeensubstantiated.Ageneraltrendcanberecognized,butthedetailsareusuallyunpredictable.Successionisinfluencedbymanyfactors:thenatureofthesoil,exposuretosunandwind,regularityofprecipitation,chancecolonizations,andmanyotherrandomprocesses.

Thefinalstageofasuccession,calledtheclimaxbyClementsandearlyecologists,islikewisenotpredictableorofuniformcomposition.Thereisusuallyagooddealofturnoverinspeciescomposition,eveninamaturecommunity.Thenatureoftheclimaxisinfluencedbythesamefactorsthatinfluencedsuccession.Nevertheless,maturenaturalenvironmentsareusuallyinequilibrium.Theychangerelativelylittlethroughtimeunlesstheenvironmentitselfchanges.

ForClements,theclimaxwasa"superorganism,"anorganicentity.EvensomeauthorswhoacceptedtheclimaxconceptrejectedClements1characterizationofitasasuperorganism,anditisindeedamisleadingmetaphor.Anantcolonymaybelegitimatelycalledasuperorganismbecauseitscommunicationsystemissohighlyorganizedthatthecolonyalwaysworksasawholeandappropriatelyaccordingtothecircumstances.Butthereisnoevidenceforsuchaninteractingcommunicativenetworkinaclimaxplantformation.Manyauthorsprefertheterm"association"totheterm"community"inordertostresstheloosenessoftheinteraction.

Evenlessfortunatewastheextensionofthistypeofthinkingtoincludeanimalsaswellasplants.Thisresultedinthe"biome,"acombinationofcoexistingfloraandfauna.Thoughitistruethatmanyanimalsarestrictlyassociatedwithcertainplants,itismisleadingtospeakofa"spruce-moosebiome,"forexample,becausethereisnointernalcohesiontotheirassociationasinanorganism.Thesprucecommunityisnotsubstantiallyaffectedbyeitherthepresenceorabsenceofmoose.Indeed,therearevastareasofspruceforestwithoutmoose.TheoppositiontotheClementsianconceptofplantecologywasinitiatedbyHerbertGleason,soonjoinedbyvariousotherecologists.Theirmajorpointwasthatthedistributionofagivenspecieswascontrolledbythehabitatrequirementsofthatspeciesandthatthereforethevegetationtypeswereasimpleconsequenceoftheecologiesofindividualplantspecies.

1.Ecologyhadbeenrootedin（）beforeitgrewintoanindependentscience.

2.AccordingtoFredericClements,（）afteravolcaniceruption,heavyflood,orforestfire.

3.Successionisinfluencedbythefollowingfactorsexcept（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabout“climax”,accordingtothepassage?

5.Theconceptof"biome"wouldemphasizethat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.communityecology

B.thescienceofspecies

C.thestudyofcommunitystructure

D.naturalhistoryandplantgeography

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.onlylight-lovingspeciescangrow

B.plantcommunitiescandevelop

C.forestscanhardlysurvive

D.fewplantscangrow

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.regularrainfalls

B.chancecolonizations

C.exposuretosun

D.natureofthesoil

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsnatureisinfluencedbythesamefactorsthatinfluencedsuccession.

B.Itchangesrelativelylittlethroughtimeatmaturity.

C.Itisahighlyinteractingcommunicativenetwork.

D.Itisthefinalstageofasuccession.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.animalsandplantsdonotsubstantiallyaffecteachother

B.plantcommunitiesalwaysrelyoncoexistinganimalstosurvive

C.thereisinternalcohesionintheassociationofanimalswithplants

D.thedistributionofagivenspeciesiscontrolledbythehabitatrequirements

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Inthelatenineteenthcentury,ecologybegantogrowintoanindependentsciencefromitsrootsinnaturalhistoryandplantgeography”可知，19世紀(jì)后期，生態(tài)學(xué)從其自然歷史和植物地理學(xué)的根源開始成長(zhǎng)為一門獨(dú)立的科學(xué)。由此可判斷本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)表示“社區(qū)生態(tài)學(xué)”，B選項(xiàng)表示“物種學(xué)科”，C選項(xiàng)表示“社區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)的研究”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)：根據(jù)FredericClements的理論，在火山爆發(fā)、洪水或森林大火之后……。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息定位到原文第一段第三句“asuccessionofplantcommunitieswoulddevelopafteradisturbancesuchasavolcaniceruption,heavyflood,orforestfire”可知，一系列的植物群落會(huì)在火山爆發(fā)、洪水或者森林火災(zāi)后形成。因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)表示“只有喜光的物種才能生長(zhǎng)”，C選項(xiàng)表示“森林很難生存”，D選項(xiàng)表示“很少植物能生長(zhǎng)”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到原文第二段最后一句“Successionisinfluencedbymanyfactors:thenatureofthesoil,exposuretosunandwind,regularityofprecipitation,chancecolonizationsandmanyotherrandomprocesses”可知，生態(tài)演替受到多種因素的影響：土壤土質(zhì)、暴露到陽(yáng)光和風(fēng)中、降水的規(guī)律性、定居生長(zhǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)以及許多其它隨機(jī)過(guò)程。因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)：根據(jù)文章可知，下面關(guān)于“climax”的表述哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是不正確的?由原文第三段第一句“Thefinalstageofasuccession,calledtheclimaxbyClementsandearlyecologists,islikewisenotpredictableorofuniformcomposition.”可知，“climax”指的是生態(tài)演替的最后一個(gè)階段——頂級(jí)群落?？膳袛郉選項(xiàng)正確。由原文第三段第二句“Thereisusuallyagooddealofturnoverinspeciescomposition,eveninamaturecommunity.”可知，即使在一個(gè)成熟的群落中，物種組成通常也有很大的變化，可判斷B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。由第三段第三句“Thenatureoftheclimaxisinfluencedbythesamefactorsthatinfluencedsuccession”可知，影響生態(tài)演替的因素同樣也影響頂級(jí)群落的性質(zhì)，可判斷A選項(xiàng)表述正確。由第四段第三句“Anantcolonymaybelegitimatelycalledasuperorganismbecauseitscommunicationsystemissohighlyorganizedthatthecolonyalwaysworksasawholeandappropriatelyaccordingtothecircumstances”可知，一個(gè)蟻群可能被合法地稱為頂級(jí)群落，因?yàn)樗慕涣飨到y(tǒng)是高度組織化的，由此可判斷C選項(xiàng)正確。綜上所述，本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)：“生態(tài)群系”的概念強(qiáng)調(diào)的是……。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息“biome”可定位到原文最后一段，根據(jù)“acombinationofcoexistingfloraandfauna”可知，“biome”是指共生的動(dòng)植物群的組合。由最后一段最后一句“Theirmajorpointwasthatthedistributionofagivenspecieswascontrolledbythehabitatrequirementsofthatspecies”可知，一種特定物種的分布是由該物種的棲息地需求控制的，由此可判斷，本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)表示“動(dòng)物和植物之間沒(méi)有實(shí)質(zhì)性的相互影響”，B選項(xiàng)表示“植物群落總是依靠共存的動(dòng)物生存”，C選項(xiàng)表示“在動(dòng)物與植物的聯(lián)系中有一種內(nèi)在的凝聚力”。

13.單選題

WhenGinaGarroandBrianDupliseaadopted4-month-oldAndresfromColombialastmonth,theyweredeterminedtotaketimeofffromworktocareforhim.Sixyearsago,aftertheirdaughter,Melina,wasborn,thefamilyscrapedbyonDuplisea’s$36,000salaryasaconstructionworkersoGarro,aspecial-educationteacher,couldstayhome.Now,sinceGarro’sjobfurnishesthefamilyhealthinsurance,she’llheadbacktoworkthisfallwhileDupliseajugglesdiapersandbabybottles.Hisbossagreedtothetimeoff-buthewillhavetoforgohis$18-an-hourpay.Itwon’tbeeasy.ThoughGarro’s$40,000salarywillcovertheirmortgages,thecouplewillhavetofreezetheirretirementaccounts,scalebackonMelina’safter-schoolactivities-andpraythatnothinggoeswrongwiththecar.“Ittakesawayfromyourcushionandyoursecurity,”saysGarro.“Thingswillbetight.”

The1993FamilyandMedicalLeaveActwassupposedtohelpfamilieslikeGarro’s,offeringasafetynettoemployeeswhowanttotaketimeofftonurturenewborns,tendtotheirownmajorillnessesorcareforsickrelatives.Butwhilethelawguaranteesthatworkerswon’tlosttheirjobs,itdoesn’tcovertheirpaychecks.Onesurveylastyearshowedthatwhile24millionAmericanshadtakenleavessince1999,2.7millionmorewantedtobutcouldn'taffordit.Thatmaychangesoon.Inresponsetoincreasingdemandsfromvotersatleast25statesarenowexploringnewwaystoofferpaidleave.Onepossibility:tappingstatedisabilityfundsAhandfulofstates-NewYork,NewJersey,California,RhodeIslandandHawaii—alread