考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門大學(xué)嘉庚學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門大學(xué)嘉庚學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Thereisnothingthatmanfearsmorethanthetouchoftheunknown.Hewantstoseewhatisreachingtowardshim,andtobeabletorecognizeoratleastclassifyit.Manalwaystendstoavoidphysicalcontactwithanythingstrange.Eveninsleep,whenheisfarmoreunguarded,hecanalltooeasilybedisturbedbyatouch.

Allthedistanceswhichmencreateroundthemselvesaredictatedbythisfear.Theyshutthemselvesinhouseswhichnoonemayenter,notonlythefearofbeingrobbed,butalsothefearofasuddenandunexpectedclutchoutofthedarkness.Thefearofbeingtouchedremainswithuswhenwegoaboutamongpeople;thewaywemoveinabusystreet,inrestaurants,trainsorbuses,isgovernedbyit.Evenwhenwearestandingnexttothemandareabletowatchandexaminethemclosely,weavoidactualcontactifwecan.Ifwedonotavoidit,itisbecausewefeelattractedtosomeone;andthenitiswewhomaketheapproach.

Itisonlyinacrowdthatmancanbecomefreeofthisfearofbeingtouched.Thatistheonlysituationinwhichthefearchangesintoitsopposite.Thecrowdheneedsisthedensecrowd,inwhichbodyispressedtobody;acrowd,too,whosephysicalconstitutionisalsodense,orcompact,sothathenolongernoticeswhoitisthatpressesagainsthim.Assoonasamanhassurrenderedhimselftothecrowdheceasestofearitstouch.

Ideallyallareequalthere;nodistinctionscount,noteventhatofsex.Themanpressedagainsthimisthesameashimself.Hefeelshimashefeelshimself.Suddenlyitisasthougheverythingwerehappeninginoneandthesamebody.Thisisperhapsoneofthereasonswhyacrowdseekstocloseinonitself:itwantstorideachindividualascompletelyaspossibleofthefearofbeingtouched.Themorefiercelypeoplepresstogether,themorecertaintheyfeelthattheydonotfeareachother.Thisreversalofthefearofbeingtouchedbelongstothenatureofcrowds.Thefeelingofreliefismoststrikingwherethedensityofthecrowdisgreatest.

1.Peoplefearburglarsbecause（）.

2.Inpublic,accordingtotheauthor,we（）.

3.Whichisthepossiblemeaningofthephrase“maketheapproach”inParagraph3?

4.Thewaywefeelwheninacrowdispresentedasa(n)（）.

5.Onceformed,crowdsalwaystendto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyarrivesuddenlyandunexpectedly

B.theygrabyouinthedark

C.theytakeawayyourmosttreasuredpersonalpossessions

D.theyattackpeopleintheassumedsafetyoftheirhome

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.alwaysavoidcontactwithpeople

B.donotobjecttosomeoneattractivetouchingus

C.feelveryuneasy

D.trynottobetouched

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.runaway

B.makeone’sway

C.layouttheroad

D.trytogetnearer

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.absurdity

B.logicalconclusion

C.opposite

D.paradox

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.becomeuncomfortable

B.contract

C.expand

D.splitup

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。文中第一句話Thereisnothingthatmanfearsmorethanthetouchoftheunknown.“沒(méi)有什么比接觸未知更讓人害怕的了。”以及第二段第二句Theyshutthemselvesinhouseswhichnoonemayenter,notonlythefearofbeingrobbed,butalsothefearofasuddenandunexpectedclutchoutofthedarkness.“他們把自己關(guān)在一所不讓人進(jìn)去的房子里，不僅怕被搶劫，而且也怕突然地、意外地從黑暗中鉆出來(lái)?！庇刑岬剑藗兒ε挛粗挛锸且?yàn)榕潞诎抵械耐蝗灰馔?。A選項(xiàng)“他們來(lái)得突然，出乎意料”這是竊賊的特點(diǎn)，但不是人們害怕的理由；B選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)诤诎抵凶プ∧恪?，跟原文表達(dá)的意思是一樣的；C選項(xiàng)“它們會(huì)帶走你最珍貴的個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)”文中有提及，但表示深層原因；D選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)谌藗冋J(rèn)為安全的家里攻擊他們”跟“黑暗中被抓住”意思有出入。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:判斷推理題。文章第二段提到…weavoidactualcontactifwecan.Ifwedonotavoidit,itisbecausewefeelattractedtosomeone…“我們盡量避免實(shí)際接觸。如果我們不回避它，那是因?yàn)槲覀儽荒橙宋恕?，由此可知，在公共?chǎng)合，作者認(rèn)為我們不反對(duì)有吸引力的人對(duì)我們的碰觸，所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“總是避免與人接觸”跟原文表述“盡量避免與人接觸”還是有區(qū)別的，前者有些絕對(duì)化，人多的時(shí)候我們不可能避免接觸，只是說(shuō)盡量；C選項(xiàng)“感到十分不安”，文中沒(méi)有提到關(guān)于心情方面；D選項(xiàng)“盡量不要被碰”也是比較絕對(duì)的說(shuō)法。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題意定位到文章第二段Ifwedonotavoidit,itisbecausewefeelattractedtosomeone;andthenitiswewhomaketheapproach.“如果我們不回避它，那是因?yàn)槲覀儽荒橙宋?；然后是我們?lái)采取行動(dòng)?！庇纱丝芍琺aketheapproach意為“采取措施，采取行動(dòng)”。A選項(xiàng)“逃跑”意思不對(duì)；B選項(xiàng)“讓路，行走”也不符合題意；C選項(xiàng)“鋪設(shè)道路”可排除；D選項(xiàng)“試著靠近”與approach（靠近）意思一致，比較符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到文章第三段Itisonlyinacrowdthatmancanbecomefreeofthisfearofbeingtouched.Thatistheonlysituationinwhichthefearchangesintoitsopposite.

“只有在人群中，人們才能擺脫被觸碰的恐懼。只有在這種情況下，恐懼才會(huì)變成與之相反的。”后面還給出了相應(yīng)的合理解釋。由此可知，我們?cè)谌巳褐幸话愕母惺苁呛侠淼摹選項(xiàng)“合乎邏輯的結(jié)論”符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“荒謬，謬論”與題意相反；C選項(xiàng)“相反的”并不是原文要表達(dá)的意思；D選項(xiàng)“悖論”不合題意可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合文章最后一段Thisisperhapsoneofthereasonswhyacrowdseekstocloseinonitself:itwantstorideachindividualascompletelyaspossibleofthefearofbeingtouched.“這也許是群體慢慢向他自己靠攏的原因之一：它希望盡可能徹底地消除每個(gè)個(gè)體對(duì)被觸碰的恐懼。”意思是人群多了，每個(gè)人所占據(jù)的空間就相應(yīng)地縮小了，也就向自己越靠越緊了。B選項(xiàng)contract“收縮”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“變得不舒服”，由最后一句話可知該選項(xiàng)意思不對(duì)；C選項(xiàng)“擴(kuò)張”與題意正好相反；D選項(xiàng)“分開(kāi)”文中未提及可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.填空題

Ihadalreadyputin10yearsofworkonmybookwhenIranintoacompletedeadend.Writingaboutmyfirstancestor,KuntaKinte,forhisvoyagetoAmericaaboardaslaveship,hadbecomeimpossibleforme.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Cfor改為on

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】onone’svoyageto意思為“某人去……的航行”，為固定搭配。

【句意】當(dāng)我陷入一個(gè)完全的死胡同時(shí)，我已經(jīng)為我的書(shū)花費(fèi)了10年的時(shí)間。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，要寫(xiě)我的祖先昆塔?肯特坐販奴船去美國(guó)的故事，是不可能做到的事。

3.單選題

Ateamofresearchers（）theproblemofdiseasesconnectedwithcontaminatedmilk.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.address

B.interact

C.wonder

D.react

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。address“處理”;interact“相互作用”;wonder“想知道”;react“反應(yīng)”。句意：一組研究人員把這種疾病和被污染的牛奶聯(lián)系起來(lái)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Thesphereshadbeenmagnetized______attractedorrepelledeachother.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sothatthey

B.sotheywere

C.asiftheyhad

D.inorderthatthey

【答案】A

【解析】考查結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句子可知，空格后面的內(nèi)容是前面部分句子的結(jié)果，所以這里是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，sothat可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“所以”，故A項(xiàng)正確；B項(xiàng)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但eachother前面沒(méi)有by，所以不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；C項(xiàng)asif引導(dǎo)的是方式狀語(yǔ)從句；D項(xiàng)表示目的。句意：這些球被磁化了，所以它們相互吸引或排斥。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Spiesmayhaveanumberof______namesandpapers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.artificial

B.synthetic

C.false

D.pretended

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)artificial“（力求自然）人造的”，anartificiallimb“假肢”；B選項(xiàng)synthetic“（用化學(xué)物質(zhì)人工）合成的”，syntheticdrugs“合成藥物”；C選項(xiàng)false“偽造的”，afalsepassport“假護(hù)照”；D選項(xiàng)pretended“假裝的”。句意：間諜可能有許多______的名字和文件。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，間諜為了假冒身份，有許多false“偽造的”文件。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.填空題

We’ve（1）indeterminingthenatureofthesoilpollutioninthisarea.We（2）labtestsonsoilsamplesanddetectedthepresenceofthreeheavymetalsinharmfulquantities.Nowweneedtofindoutwhatthe（3）oftheheavymetalsis:Wherearetheycomingfrom?

【答案】controversies;performed;origin

【解析】句意:在決定該地區(qū)土地污染的屬性方面我們存在爭(zhēng)議。我們做了一些實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)試，從大量有害物質(zhì)中檢測(cè)出三種重金屬的存在。現(xiàn)在我們需要找出這些重金屬的來(lái)源：它們是從哪里來(lái)的？

1.語(yǔ)義題。句意:在決定該地區(qū)土地污染的屬性方面我們存在爭(zhēng)議。

2.固定搭配。Performtestson做實(shí)驗(yàn)。

3.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容Wherearetheycomingfrom?“它們是從哪里來(lái)的”可知此處是問(wèn)“起源，來(lái)源”，故填origin。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

北京奧組委(TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteefortheGamesoftheXXIXOlympiad)官方網(wǎng)站訊：2007年6月23日，在八達(dá)嶺長(zhǎng)城舉辦的“第四屆2008北京奧林匹克文化節(jié)”開(kāi)幕式上，所有觀眾的目光都被長(zhǎng)城上的新標(biāo)識(shí)所吸引一一在綠樹(shù)環(huán)繞下，一個(gè)令所有中國(guó)人興奮的口號(hào)映襯著的長(zhǎng)城遒勁而古老的線體。這就是一座長(zhǎng)67米，高18米的“同一個(gè)世界同一個(gè)夢(mèng)想(OneWorldOneDream)”北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)會(huì)徽(Emblem)和北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)主題口號(hào)大型景觀建筑。在今后的兩年多的時(shí)間里，每當(dāng)人們抬頭仰望長(zhǎng)城巍峨的身姿就會(huì)知道，奧運(yùn)和中國(guó)有著怎樣的無(wú)法割舍的淵源。

【答案】TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteefortheGamesoftheXXIXOlympiadOfficialWebsiteNews:AttheopeningceremonyoftheFourth2008BeijingOlympicCulturalFestival,heldontheBadalingGreatWallonJune23,2007,allaudiencesareattractedtothenewlogoontheGreatWall.Surroundedbygreentrees,thislogoshowspowerfulandantiquelineoftheGreatWallwithanexcitingslogantoallChinesepeople.Thatisalargelandscapearchitecture,67meterslengthand18metershigh,ofBeijingOlympicGamesemblemengravingcharacterswith“OneWorldOneDream”andBeijingOlympicGamesthemeslogan.Overthenextmorethantwoyears,peoplewilllearnaboutthedeepandcloserelationshipbetweenOlympicGamesandChinawhenevertheylookupattoweringfigureoftheGreatWall.

8.單選題

Facebookandmobilephonesmeanthatmanyfeeltheycanneverhavetimeofffromplaygroundgossip.Parentstoldmehowtheirdaughtersworriedabouttheirbodyimagefromasyounganageasseven.Forparentsofmygeneration,contemplatinghowourchildrenarefearing,andwhetherwearegivingthemwhattheytrulyneed,isnotaneasythingtodo.Ihavetwosonsagedsevenandfour,myhusbandandIbothworkfull-time.Thereistheinevitablepushandpulloftimetables,anxietyabouthavingenoughtimewiththeboys,andparticularlyaboutwhetherwe'reequippingthemtocopewiththeacademicandsocialpressuresthatlieahead.

Whenwepolledmorethan1,000parentswhousethewebsiteMumsnet,theresultsrevealedwidespreadconcernamongparentsaboutpressureschildrenfacetoday.Twothirds(64percent)saidthereistoomuchtestinginschools,78percentsaidchildrendon'tgettoplayoutdoorsenoughontheirown,andthreequarters(75percent)feltthatlongworkinghoursmadeitdifficulttospendenoughtimewiththeirfamily.Thestatisticsalsopointtoadramaticriseinthelevelofchildhooddepressionoverthecourseofageneration.

Threeyearsago,Britainrankedbottomoutof21countriesinaUNsurveyofchildren'swellbeingintheworld.Oneinfouroftheparentswequestionedsaidtheybelievedtheirkidsarelesshappythantheywereatthesameage.Aworryingconsequenceofallofthisisthedramaticriseinmentalhealthproblemsintheyoung,upbyashocking70percentsincethe1970s.Oneintenofourteenagechildrennowhasadiagnosablementalhealthcondition.

ImetAnnabelleDavies,a19-year-oldwhohadbeenanoutgoing,academicallygiftedyoungschoolgirl.Aftershemissedafewweeksofschoolaged15duetoavirus,shefellbehindwithherschoolwork,andfoundshecouldnolongercope.Thedepressionthatsetinwaspunctuatedbysuicideattemptsandperiodsinacutepsychiatricunits.Atherlowestpoints,herexhaustedparentscouldn'triskleavingheralone.Annabellehassufferedseveredepressionfornearlyfiveyears,isnowpainfullythinandexistsonheavymedication.Wesatandchattedonhermum’ssofa,‘Ifeltpressuredtobedoingwellinmyexams,togetgoodgrades,togoontouniversity-andwasscaredIwasgoingtoletpeopledown,thatIwasgoingtofail.Ifeltphysicallysick.Icouldn'tstopcrying.IfeltthatwhateverIdidwouldn'tbeenough.Andyouhateyourselfbecauseyou'reweak”

OneoftheexpertsIspoketo,TimGill,achildhoodplayconsultant,believesthatcontemporarypressures,combinedwiththewaywenowraiseandeducateourchildren,isleavingmanyunabletocope.Forhim,it’stimetogobacktobasics-freedomtoplay,toexploreandtomakemistakes:"Ithinkbacktomyownchildhood,whenmygenerationroamedfarandwide.Buttoday'schildrenarenotfree-ranged-they'rebattery-reared."

Happily,therearesignsthatsomeparents,schoolsandevenpoliticiansarenowstartingtowiseup.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor’sfamilythat（

）.

2.Howmanyparentshavelimitedtimewiththeirchildrenaccordingtothepoll?

3.Accordingtothepassage,TimGillholdstheideathat

（

）.

4.Howdoestheauthorthinkaboutthechildhooddepressionbynow?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sonscausemuchpressuretoparentsthandaughters

B.oneoftheparentsshouldleaveworkfortheirchild

C.socialpressureisgoodforchildren’sfuturedevelopment

D.it’shardtomakechildrenequippedtovariouspressures

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Two-thirds.

B.Seventy-eightpercent.

C.Threequarters.

D.Morethanonethousand.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldeducatetheirchildrenbythemselves

B.socialpressureisgoodforchildrentobecomemature

C.today'schildrenbearmorestudyburdenthanbefore

D.childrenneedmorestimulusfromschoolsandsociety

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.It’soptimistictoseesomechangesonthisproblem.

B.Sheistotallydepressedbythepolitician'sefforts.

C.Mostschoolsbegintodoabetterjobthanbefore.

D.Itsreflectionoftheparents’childhoodfailure.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句‘Thereistheinevitablepushandpulloftimetables,anxietyabouthavingenoughtimewiththeboys,andparticularlyaboutwhetherwe'reequippingthemtocopewiththeacademicandsocialpressuresthatlieahead.時(shí)間安排不可避免地會(huì)帶來(lái)壓力，孩子們會(huì)因?yàn)橛凶銐虻臅r(shí)間而焦慮，尤其是我們是否準(zhǔn)備好讓他們應(yīng)付未來(lái)的學(xué)業(yè)和社會(huì)壓力?！_定D選項(xiàng)‘要使孩子們適應(yīng)各種壓力是很困難的’符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段第二句話‘threequarters(75percent)feltthatlongworkinghoursmadeitdifficulttospendenoughtimewiththeirfamily.四分之三(75%)的人認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的工作讓他們很難有足夠的時(shí)間和家人在一起。’確定C選項(xiàng)‘四分之三’符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段確定TimGill的觀點(diǎn)是當(dāng)今的孩子們的壓力比之前的大得多，所以C選項(xiàng)符合題意，正確。

4.根據(jù)文章最后一句‘Happily,therearesignsthatsomeparents,schoolsandevenpoliticiansarenowstartingtowiseup.高興地是，已經(jīng)有兆頭顯示有一些父母和學(xué)校甚至政治家已經(jīng)意識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題‘確定A選項(xiàng)‘在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上看到一些變化是樂(lè)觀的’正確。

9.單選題

Withoutcarefulinvestigation,neverdrawaconclusionsinceweneedtohavefactualknowledge______ourthinking.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichtobebasedon

B.whichtobaseupon

C.uponwhichtobase

D.towhichtobebased

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)。句意：沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)調(diào)查，永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)得出一個(gè)結(jié)論，因?yàn)槲覀冃枰聦?shí)性知識(shí)作為我們思考的基礎(chǔ)。橫線到句尾是修飾knowledge的定語(yǔ)，根據(jù)在事實(shí)性知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上確定用uponknowledge，根據(jù)以事實(shí)性知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)是為了形成thinking，確定用不定式，C選項(xiàng)uponwhichtobase正確。A選項(xiàng)whichtobebasedon和D選項(xiàng)towhichtobebased不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，B選項(xiàng)whichtobaseupon缺少upon，符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.寫(xiě)作題

Youareaskedtowriteinnolessthan200wordsaboutthetitleofHarmfulPlagiarisminAcademicFieldinChina.YoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow.

RemembertowriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

目前在學(xué)術(shù)界出現(xiàn)了剽竊和抄襲等不良現(xiàn)象。作為一名未來(lái)的博士研究生，你如何看待這些現(xiàn)象，你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該如何制止，以及你應(yīng)該如何從自身做起。

【答案】

HarmfulPlagiarisminAcademicFieldinChina11.單選題

Theborderguardsmadeustogetoutofthecarwhiletheycheckedit

fordrugs,weaponsandotherforbiddenitems.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.borderguardsmadeusto

B.getoutofthecar

C.whiletheycheckeditfordrugs

D.otherforbiddenitems

E.沒(méi)有問(wèn)題

【答案】A

【解析】介詞誤用。去掉to。make“使得；進(jìn)行”為使役動(dòng)詞,后面一般跟動(dòng)詞原形。

12.單選題

Inmostpeople’smind,growthisassociatedwithprosperity.WejudgehowwelltheeconomyisdoingbythesizeoftheGrossNationalProduct(GNP),ameasure,supposedly,ofgrowth.Equallyaxiomatic,however,isthenotionthatincreasedpressureondwindlingnaturalresourcesmustinevitablyleadtoadeclineinprosperity,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation.So,whichiscorrect:growthmeansprosperityandnogrowthmeansadversity,orgrowthmeansadversityandnogrowthmeans...what?

Whatgrowthadvocatesmean,primarily,whentheysaygrowthisnecessaryforprosperityisthatgrowthisnecessaryforthesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystem.InonearenatheargumentinfavorofgrowthisparticularlycompellingandthatiswithregardtotheThirdWorld.Toargueagainstgrowth,otherthanpopulationgrowth,inlightofThirdWorldpovertyanddegradationseemscallous,ifnotcruel,thepompouspostulatingofthecomfortableandthesecure.Butisit?Coulditbethatgrowth,especiallythegrowthofthewealthiercountries,hascontributedtotheimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries?Ifnot,howdoweaccountforthedesperatestraitsthesecountriesfindthemselvesintodayafteracenturyofdedicationtogrowth?

ToseehowthismightbethecasewemustlookattheimpactofgrowthonThirdWorldcountries-thereality,nottheabstractstages-of-economic-growthnostrumpropoundedthroughrose-coloredglassesbyacademiciansofthedevelopedworld.WhatgoodisgrowthtothepeopleoftheThirdWorldifitmeanstheconversionofpeasantfarmsintomechanizedagri-businessesproducingcommoditiesnotforlocalconsumptionbutforexport,ifitmeansthestrippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasurestothebenefitofforeigninvestorsandahandfuloftheirlocalcollaborators,ifitmeanstheassumptionofacrushingforeignindebtedness,theproceedsofwhichgoesnotintothedevelopmentofthecountrybutintothepurchaseofluxurycars,thepaddingofSwissbankaccounts,andthebuyingofcondominiumsinMiami?

Admittedly,thisisanoversimplification,whichappliestonocountryinitsentiretyandtosomecountriesnotatall.Butthepoint,Ibelieve,remainsvalid;thatgrowthinunderdevelopedcountriescannotsimplybejudgedintheabstract;itmustbejudgedbasedonthetruenatureofgrowthinthesesocieties,onwhobenefitsandwhoisharmed,onwheregrowthisleadingthesepeopleandwhereithasleftthem.Whenconsideredinthisway,itjustmightbethatinthepresentcontextgrowthismoredetrimentaltothewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearththanbeneficial.

So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer.Butthatisatestnoteasilyundertaken.Moderneconomiesareincrediblycomplexphenomena,atributetoman’sabilitytoorganizeandachallengetohisabilitytounderstanding.Anythingthataffectstheirfunctioning,suchasapolicyofzerogrowth,shouldnotbeproposedwithoutawaryprudenceandaself-doubtinghumility.Butiftheprospectofleapingintotheeconomicunknownisfear-inspiring,equallysoistheprospectoflettingthatfearpreventusfromactingwhenthefailuretoactcouldmeanuntoldmiseryforfuturegenerationsandperhapsenvironmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence.

11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

12.ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.

13.WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.

14.Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.

15.Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountries

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountries

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanisms

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromit

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopment

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossible

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintact

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowth

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowth

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativity

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophes

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.vague

D.inconclusive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】11.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?作者支持下列哪一種說(shuō)法？

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.A.國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的可靠指標(biāo)。

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.B.人口增長(zhǎng)將是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的主要威脅。

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.C.繁榮的衰落將不可避免地導(dǎo)致人口的增長(zhǎng)。

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.D.自然資源的減少不利于人類的福祉。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】本題要求選擇作者會(huì)贊同的一項(xiàng)，那么就要選擇符合原文的表述。原文第1段第3句，該句提到“對(duì)日益減少的自然資源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越來(lái)越大的壓力，必然會(huì)不可避免地導(dǎo)致繁榮的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity）”，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為自然資源減少不利于繁榮。第4段最后一句提到“從這種角度來(lái)看，在這個(gè)背景下，增長(zhǎng)對(duì)地球上不幸的人的福祉（thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth）的危害（moredetrimental）大于好處”，“這個(gè)角度或背景”指的是第3段的內(nèi)容，其中有一點(diǎn)提到“如果這意味著為了外國(guó)投資者和少數(shù)當(dāng)?shù)睾献髡叩睦娑鴦儕Z他們土地上的礦產(chǎn)和樹(shù)木資源（strippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasures）”由此可知，作者認(rèn)為，為外國(guó)投資者和少數(shù)人利益而大量開(kāi)采自然資源的發(fā)展是不利于增進(jìn)人民福祉的。綜上所述，作者應(yīng)該會(huì)贊同D選項(xiàng)“自然資源的減少不利于人類的福祉”的觀點(diǎn)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的可靠指標(biāo)”，可定位到原文第1段第2句，該句提到“國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值據(jù)說(shuō)（supposedly）是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的一個(gè)指標(biāo)”，根據(jù)其中“supposedly”提示，作者并不肯定這個(gè)指標(biāo)可靠，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于過(guò)度推理；

B選項(xiàng)“人口增長(zhǎng)將是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的主要威脅”，可定位到原文第1段第3句，該句提到“對(duì)日益減少的自然資源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越來(lái)越大的壓力，必然會(huì)不可避免地導(dǎo)致繁榮的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity），特別是再加上人口增長(zhǎng)的話（accompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation）。”由此可知，該句提到經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的兩個(gè)威脅：日益減少的自然資源和人口增長(zhǎng)，其中前者的影響更大，人口增長(zhǎng)并不是主要威脅。該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“繁榮的衰落將不可避免地導(dǎo)致人口的增長(zhǎng)”，同樣可定位到原文第1段第3句，由該句可知，“人口增長(zhǎng)”是因，“繁榮衰落”是果，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，顛倒了因果。

12.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.第2、3段暗示____。

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

A.經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行依賴于持續(xù)的繁榮

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountriesB.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)并沒(méi)有加劇第三世界國(guó)家的貧困

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountriesC.富裕國(guó)家的增長(zhǎng)是以犧牲第三世界國(guó)家為代價(jià)的

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanismsD.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的各個(gè)階段不能被社會(huì)機(jī)制所取代或改變

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】本題需要掌握原文第2、3段的主旨大意。原文在第2段首句提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)“增長(zhǎng)（growth）對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行是必要的（isnecessary）”，然后舉第三世界國(guó)家的例子，在第2、3段提出了很多質(zhì)疑。在第2段提出“會(huì)不會(huì)是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，尤其是富裕國(guó)家的增長(zhǎng)（thegrowthofthewealthiercountries），導(dǎo)致了（hascontributed）第三世界國(guó)家的貧困，而不是進(jìn)步（theimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries）？”第3段首句說(shuō)“要弄清楚這是怎么回事（Toseehowthismightbethecase），我們必須著眼于這種增長(zhǎng)對(duì)第三世界國(guó)家的影響”，緊接著詳細(xì)介紹了這些影響：機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品供出口，而不是供當(dāng)?shù)叵M(fèi)（notforlocalconsumptionbutforexport）；為了外國(guó)資本的利益（thebenefitofforeigninvestors）剝削礦產(chǎn)和森林資源；沉重的外債（acrushingforeignindebtedness）等。綜上所述，這兩段表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是，在第三世界國(guó)家，有些經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)完全是為了外國(guó)資本即富裕國(guó)家的利益，促進(jìn)了富裕國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，不僅沒(méi)有增加本國(guó)人民的福祉，反而導(dǎo)致了勞動(dòng)力資源的占用、自然資源的流失以及大量的外債。C選項(xiàng)“富裕國(guó)家的增長(zhǎng)是以犧牲第三世界國(guó)家為代價(jià)的”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行依賴于持續(xù)的繁榮”，是第2段首句提出的背景信息，是作者要反駁的觀點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)并沒(méi)有加劇第三世界國(guó)家的貧困”，與原文表述相反，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的各個(gè)階段不能被社會(huì)機(jī)制所取代或改變”，這兩段并沒(méi)有提及社會(huì)機(jī)制的問(wèn)題，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

13.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.關(guān)于第三世界國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，作者實(shí)際上說(shuō)的是____。

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromitA.這些國(guó)家的人民并沒(méi)有真正從中受益

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopmentB.投資不足嚴(yán)重影響了發(fā)展

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossibleC.沉重的債務(wù)實(shí)際上使這些國(guó)家不可能進(jìn)一步增長(zhǎng)

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintactD.這些國(guó)家的農(nóng)業(yè)本應(yīng)完好無(wú)損

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】由第12題的解析可知，第三世界國(guó)家的發(fā)展實(shí)際上服務(wù)于外國(guó)投資商，而本國(guó)人民并未從中受益；并且第4段最后一句說(shuō)到“這種增長(zhǎng)對(duì)地球上不幸的人的福祉（thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth）的危害（moredetrimental）大于好處”，由此可知，這種增加，對(duì)于第三世界的人民來(lái)說(shuō)，不僅沒(méi)有受益反而有危害，A選項(xiàng)“這些國(guó)家的人民并沒(méi)有真正從中受益”是作者想表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“投資不足嚴(yán)重影響了發(fā)展”，原文并沒(méi)有提到投資不足，而是這些投資都是為了外國(guó)投資者和少數(shù)人的利益，并不是為了大眾的福祉，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“沉重的債務(wù)實(shí)際上使這些國(guó)家不可能進(jìn)一步增長(zhǎng)”，原文雖然提到了沉重的債務(wù)，且這些借來(lái)的錢沒(méi)有用于國(guó)家的發(fā)展，但是作者是為了說(shuō)明這種發(fā)展對(duì)第三世界國(guó)家沒(méi)有好處，并不是想說(shuō)阻礙了發(fā)展。何況，經(jīng)濟(jì)并沒(méi)有發(fā)展，更不存在進(jìn)一步發(fā)展了。該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推理；

D選項(xiàng)“這些國(guó)家的農(nóng)業(yè)本應(yīng)完好無(wú)損”，原文提到農(nóng)業(yè)，是為了說(shuō)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品都用于出口了，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)農(nóng)業(yè)不該機(jī)械化，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

14.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.作者似乎認(rèn)為繁榮____。

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowthA.只有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowthB.能在沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativityC.是對(duì)人類能力和創(chuàng)造力的頌揚(yáng)

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophesD.在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】本文在第1段就質(zhì)疑了繁榮與增長(zhǎng)之間的關(guān)系，第一段最后一句提到“哪個(gè)是正確的（whichiscorrect）：增長(zhǎng)意味著繁榮，沒(méi)有增長(zhǎng)就意味著逆境，或者增長(zhǎng)意味著逆境，沒(méi)有增長(zhǎng)就意味著……什么？”由此可以推斷，作者不認(rèn)為繁榮與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)之間存在著必然的聯(lián)系。由第12題解析可知，作者在2-3段論述了“第三世界國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)就沒(méi)有給本國(guó)帶來(lái)繁榮”；第4段首句提到“這是一種過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單化的說(shuō)法（anoversimplification），沒(méi)有一個(gè)國(guó)家是完全適用的，有的國(guó)家甚至完全不適用”，即“增長(zhǎng)意味著繁榮”并不適用于所有國(guó)家；第5段首句提出疑問(wèn)“我們需要增長(zhǎng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎（doweneedgrowthforprosperity）？”而作者的回答是“只有采用零增長(zhǎng)才能提供答案（Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer）”。作者雖然沒(méi)有直接回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題，但他給出的建議是試一試“零增長(zhǎng)”，再結(jié)合作者前文中認(rèn)為增長(zhǎng)并不意味著繁榮推斷，作者認(rèn)為繁榮在沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的情況下也有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。B選項(xiàng)“能在沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“只有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)”，表述錯(cuò)誤，作者認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)不一定能帶來(lái)繁榮；

C選項(xiàng)“是對(duì)人類能力和創(chuàng)造力的頌揚(yáng)”，可定位到原文最后一段第2句，該句提到“現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)是令人難以置信的復(fù)雜現(xiàn)象，這是對(duì)人類組織能力的贊揚(yáng)?！痹闹傅氖恰敖?jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)雜性是對(duì)人類能力的贊揚(yáng)”，而非繁榮，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的”，可定位到原文最后一段最后一句，該句提到了“不采取行動(dòng)的話（thefailuretoactcouldmean），現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式可能會(huì)帶來(lái)威脅人類生存的環(huán)境災(zāi)難（environmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence）”，并不是說(shuō)“繁榮在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的”，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

15.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.對(duì)于“我們需要增長(zhǎng)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎？”這個(gè)問(wèn)題，作者的答案是____。

A.positiveA.肯定的

B.negativeB.否定的

C.vagueC.模糊的

D.inconclusiveD.不確定的

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】由第14題解析可得，作者認(rèn)為實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮不需要經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，即作者對(duì)“我們需要增長(zhǎng)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎？”的答案是B選項(xiàng)negative“否定的”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。（C、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)意義一致，可以先排除。）

13.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Abilitiesofhumanbabies.

B.Adults’influenceonchildren.

C.Cognitivefeaturesofdifferentnewlybornmammals.

D.Similaritiesbetweenhumanbabiesandbabyanimals.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theylovehappymelodiesmorethansadones.

B.Theyfallasleepeasilywhilelisteningtomusic.

C.Theyarealreadysensitivetobeatsandrhythms.

D.Theycandistinguishahappytunefromasadone.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Babies’emotions.

B.Infants’behaviors.

C.Babies’interactionwithadults.

D.Infants’facialexpressions.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Inlastweek’slecture,wediscussedthecharacteristicsofthenewlybornoffspringofseveralmammals.Youprobablyrememberthathumaninfantsarelessdevelopedphysicallythanothermammalsofthesameage.[19]Butintoday’slecture,we’lllookatthreeveryinterestingstudiesthathintatthesurprisingabilitiesofhumanbabies.

Inthefirststudy,3-year-oldswatchtwovideosshownsidebyside,eachfeaturingadifferentresearcher,oneofwhomthey’dmetonce,twoyearsearlier.Thechildrenspentlongerwatchingthevideoshowingtheresearchertheyhadn’tmet.Thisisconsistentwithyoungchildren’susualtendencytolooklongeratthingsthataren’tfamiliar.Andreallythisisamazing!Itsuggeststhechildrenrememberedtheresearcherthey’dmetjustonetimewhentheywereonlyone-year-olds.Ofcourse,asmostofusforgetmemoriesfromourfirstfewyearsaswegrowolder,theseearlylong-termmemorieswilllikelybelostinsubsequentyears.

Oursecondstudyisaboutmusic.Forthisstudyresearchersplayedmusictobabiesthroughspeakerslocatedoneithersideofahumanface.Theywaiteduntilthebabiesgotboredandinvertedtheirgazefromtheface.Andthentheychangedthemoodofthemusic—eitherfromsadtohappy,ortheotherwayaround.Thismoodswitchmadenodifferencetothe3-month-olds,butforthe9-month-oldsitwasenoughtorenewtheirinterestandtheystartedlookingagaininthedirectionoftheface.[20]Thissuggeststhatbabiesofthatagecantellthedifferencebetweenahappymelodyandasadtune.

Ourfinalstudyisfrom1980,butit’sstillrelevanttoday.[21]Infact,it’soneofthemostfamouspiecesofresearchaboutinfantemotioneverpublished.Thestudyinvolvedordinaryadultswatchingvideoclipsofbabies9-monthoryounger.Inthevideoclips,thebabiesm