(新高考)高考全國1卷高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 30分語言運用練 (解析版)

30分語言運用練運用練一Ⅰ.完形填空(2021·湖南長郡中學(xué)模擬)ThesoundwokeDamianLanguellat8：15inthemorning.Watchingoutofhisbedroomwindow,hesawatree__1__insmokeabout500yardsaway.Acarwaswrappedaroundthetree’sbase,itsengine__2__．“Igrabbedbucketsofwater，”saidLanguell.Thenherantothecrash__3__．Thecarlookedworseupclose.Itwasnearly__4__intotwo,andthetreewaswherethedriver’sseatoughttohavebeen,asifplantedthere.Nooneshouldhave__5__thiscrash,andyettherewas16－year－oldQuintinThompson,his__6__facepressedagainstthedriver’ssidewindow,invisible__7__．Languell,35,triedpouringthefirewithhisbucketsofwaterwithnosuccess.“Whenthe__8__gotintothefrontseats,IrealizedIhadtogethimoutofthere，”hesaid.Completely__9__hisownsafety,Languellopenedthecar’sbackdoorand__10__in.HecutthroughThompson’sseatbeltusingapocketknifehe’dhadtheforesighttobringwithhim.NowthatThompsonwasfreeofthe__11__，Languellpulledhimoutofthevehicle,andthen__12__theteentosafetyjustbeforetheentirecarwassurroundedinflames.AlthoughThompsonsufferedseveralbreakingstohislegs,spine,andface,asocialmediapost__13__himas“l(fā)ookinggreat,smiling，andjoking”．Displayingthesortofsympathythat__14__himtohelp,heexplained,“MyheartgoesouttoThompson.Whenyouarethatclosetothatlevelofhurt,youfeelitso__15__．”【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。本文記敘了達米安·蘭格爾目睹了一場車禍，并且冒著生命危險從中救出幸存者的故事。1．A.swallowed B．preservedC．melted D．settled答案A[根據(jù)下文Acarwaswrappedaroundthetree’sbase和空后的insmoke可推知，樹被煙“吞沒”了。swallow“吞沒”，preserve“保存”，melt“熔化”，settle“解決”。]2．A.beyondreach B．undercontrolC．onfire D．inshape答案C[根據(jù)上文的描述可知，車撞上了一棵樹，且根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句中的pouringthefire可知，引擎應(yīng)該是起火了。beyondreach“夠不著”，undercontrol“在控制中”，onfire“起火”，inshape“呈……形狀的事物”。]3．A.levels B．surroundingsC．direction D．site答案D[根據(jù)語境可知，蘭格爾應(yīng)該是拿著一桶水跑向撞車地點。level“等級”，surroundings“環(huán)境”，direction“方向”，site“地點”。]4．A.developed B．a(chǎn)rrangedC．shot D．divided答案D[根據(jù)空后的intotwo可知，此處表示車子幾乎被撞成兩半。develop“發(fā)展”，arrange“安排”，shoot“射擊”，divide“分割”。]5．A.explained B．plannedC．survived D．prevented答案C[根據(jù)常識和上文對車禍情況的描寫可知，按理說沒有人可以活下來。explain“解釋”，plan“計劃”，survive“幸存”，prevent“阻止”。]6．A.terrified B．relaxedC．moved D．confused答案A[根據(jù)車禍的慘烈狀況可知，QuintinThompson應(yīng)是非常害怕的。terrified“害怕的”，relaxed“放松的”，moved“感動的”，confused“困惑的”。]7．A.eagerness B．doubtC．pain D．devotion答案C[根據(jù)常識可知，經(jīng)歷了車禍，QuintinThompson應(yīng)是很痛的。eagerness“渴望”，doubt“懷疑”，pain“疼痛”，devotion“奉獻”。]8．A.flames B．waterC．branches D．fuel答案A[根據(jù)語境可知，蘭格爾滅火失敗，當火焰蔓延到前排座位時，蘭格爾意識到必須把車里的人救出來。]9．A.denying B．ignoringC．respecting D．guaranteeing答案B[根據(jù)上文可知，火焰已經(jīng)蔓延到前排座位，情況非常危險，此處表示蘭格爾為了救人完全忽視了自己的危險。deny“否認”，ignore“忽視”，respect“尊重”，guarantee“保證”。]10．A.climbed B．slippedC．ran D．called答案A[根據(jù)語境可知，蘭格爾需要爬進汽車，才能救QuintinThompson。]11．A.dilemma B．trapC．destination D．embarrassment答案B[根據(jù)上文可知，蘭格爾割斷了安全帶，所以QuintinThompson擺脫了困境。]12．A.forced B．showedC．dragged D．a(chǎn)ccompanied答案C[根據(jù)語境可知，蘭格爾將QuintinThompson拖出汽車，再拖到了安全的地方。force“強迫”，show“展示”，drag“拖”，accompany“陪伴”。]13．A.thanked B．employedC．served D．described答案D[根據(jù)空后的“as‘lookinggreat,smiling，andjoking’”可知，盡管湯普森受了一些傷，但一家社交媒體稱他“看上去很棒，微笑著，還開玩笑”。]14．A.ordered B．droveC．begged D．trained答案B[根據(jù)Displayingthesortofsympathythat和himtohelp可知，此處表示對湯普森的同情驅(qū)使蘭格爾義無反顧地去救人。order“訂購”，drive“驅(qū)使”，beg“祈求”，train“訓(xùn)練”。]15．A.directly B．hopelesslyC．calmly D．effectively答案A[根據(jù)上文的thesortofsympathy可知，此處表示當你靠近受傷如此嚴重的人時，你就會感同身受]。Ⅱ.語法填空(2021·鄭州市第二次質(zhì)量檢測)Aftertraveling1.____________spaceforsevenmonths，China’sTianwen－1probe(探測器)hasreachedMarsand2.____________(smooth)enteredtheorbitonFebruary10，2021，accordingtoChinaNationalSpaceAdministration.Theadministrationalsopublishedablack－and－whitepictureofMarstakenbyTianwen－13.____________theprobewasabout2.2millionkilometersfromMars.Thename“Tianwen”，4.____________(borrow)fromanancientChinesepoembyQuYuanofthestateofChu，5.____________(mean)“thequestforheavenlytruth”．Tianwen－1，thecountry’sfirst6.____________(independence)Marsmission(任務(wù))，waslaunchedbyaLongMarch5heavy－liftcarrierrocket，byfarthe7.____________(large)launchvehicleinChina，fromtheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanProvince，onJuly23，2020.Themission8.____________(design)tostudythecompositionoftheMartianatmosphereaswellascontributetotheongoingsearchforpastandpresentlife.9.____________willbethefirstmissioninspacehistorytocompleteorbiting，landingandwanderingatatime.Thefinalgoalistosoft－landarover(巡視器)inMayonthesouthernpartofMars’UtopiaPlanitia10.____________(conduct)scientificsurveys.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了“天問一號”的成功發(fā)射，還介紹了探測器的名稱由來和發(fā)射目的等。1．through/in[考查介詞。根據(jù)空后的“space”可知，該處指“在太空中旅行”，故用介詞through或者in。]2．smoothly[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。副詞修飾動詞，空處修飾動詞“entered”，故用smooth的副詞形式。]3．when[考查狀語從句。根據(jù)語境“中國國家航天局還公布了一張由‘天問一號’在距離火星約220萬千米時拍攝的火星黑白照片”可知，空處引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。應(yīng)用when作連接詞，表示“在……時候”。]4．borrowed[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中謂語動詞為5空，此空為非謂語動詞，與其邏輯主語之間為動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。]5．means[考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為句子謂語，該句陳述的是客觀情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時；該句主語為Thename“Tianwen”，為單數(shù)概念，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)。]6．independent[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞修飾名詞，空處修飾名詞短語“Marsmission”，故用independence的形容詞形式。]7．largest[考查比較等級。此處表示2020年7月23日，我國首個獨立火星任務(wù)“天問一號”在海南省文昌航天發(fā)射中心由中國迄今為止最大的運載火箭長征五號重型運載火箭發(fā)射升空。根據(jù)空前的“byfarthe”可知，空處用最高級“l(fā)argest”。]8．isdesigned/hasbeendesigned[考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。該句主語Themission和動詞design之間為被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)；該句可以用一般現(xiàn)在時陳述當前客觀事實，也可以用現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)設(shè)計此任務(wù)帶來的影響或結(jié)果。]9．It[考查代詞。結(jié)合語境可知，空處指代上句的主語“Themission”，故用It。]10．toconduct[考查非謂語動詞。該句意為：該任務(wù)的最終目標是在5月份在火星的烏托邦平原南部軟著陸一輛火星車，以進行科學(xué)調(diào)查。應(yīng)用動詞不定式表示目的。]

運用練二Ⅰ.完形填空(2021·青島市高三質(zhì)檢)InJanuarythisyear,afiredestroyedthebuildingthathousedYossiHeiman’sFishMarketinBoroughPark,Brooklyn.The__1__madeYossiHeimanhavenoplacetooperatehisbusinessandnoabilitytoget__2__．ThemerchantSheaLangsamownsa(n)__3__store,justfewblocksaway.Onewouldhavethoughtthatsympatheticashemaybetohiscompetitor’sbadluck,hewouldwelcomethisopportunityto__4__newcustomersandincreasehisbusiness.__5__Sheadidsomethingtrulyexcellent.Whenhelearnedofthefire,he__6__thephoneandcalledYossiHeiman.Notonlydidhe__7__himbutwhenheheardYossisayhewouldneedafacilityanddeliver__8__tohiscustomers,hesaid，“Don’tworry！Whynot__9__meinmystorebeforeyourstorecouldberebuilt?Asfellowcommunitymembersweallshouldtrytohelpeachother.”SheadidashepromisedandYossi__10__hislosses.Thestoryiswonderfulandit’sa(n)__11__ofseeingfellowcommunitymembersaspartofonefamily,puttingneedsofothers__12__theirownneeds.Businessmenusuallywanttomakemoremoneyorgrowtheir__13__butthestoryis__14__：It’satrulysinceredisplayoftruefaithandgreatkindness.Realfaithmeans__15__othersandhavingaheartofsympathyandmercylikeShea.【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。本文講述了這樣一個故事：尤西·海曼經(jīng)營的店鋪發(fā)生了火災(zāi)，在他一籌莫展的時候，同行謝伊·蘭薩姆非但沒有落井下石，趁機搶占市場和客戶，反而熱心幫助競爭對手渡過難關(guān)。1．A.explosion B．battleC．a(chǎn)ccident D．campaign答案C[根據(jù)上文afire和下文havenoplacetooperatehisbusiness可知，這是一場事故(accident)。explosion“爆炸”；battle“戰(zhàn)斗”；campaign“運動，活動”。]2．A.attention B．a(chǎn)ssistanceC．information D．income答案D[根據(jù)上文havenoplacetooperatehisbusiness和常識可知，尤西·海曼沒有地方經(jīng)營自己的生意，也就沒有收入(income)。attention“注意”；assistance“幫助”；information“信息”。]3．A.similar B．mysteriousC．online D．outdoor答案A[根據(jù)下文justfewblocksaway及hiscompetitor’sbadluck可知，謝伊和尤西·海曼是競爭對手，所以他們應(yīng)經(jīng)營的是相似的(similar)店鋪。mysterious“神秘的”；online“在線的”；outdoor“戶外的”。]4．A.treat B．a(chǎn)cquireC．dependon D．giveup答案B[根據(jù)下文increasehisbusiness可知，雖然謝伊·蘭薩姆可能會同情尤西·海曼的不幸遭遇，但是他完全可以抓住這次機會以獲得(acquire)更多的新顧客。treat“對待”；dependon“依靠，取決于”；giveup“放棄”。]5．A.Moreover B．ThereforeC．Instead D．Though答案C[根據(jù)下文的Sheadidsomethingtrulyexcellent和上文的內(nèi)容可知，謝伊沒有趁機獲得更多的新顧客，而是(instead)做了很出色的事情。moreover“此外”；therefore“因此”；though“即使”。]6．A.pickedup B．hungupC．repaired D．provided答案A[根據(jù)下文的called尤西·海曼可知，此處是指謝伊拿起(pickup)電話。hangup“掛斷電話”；repair“修理”；provide“提供”。]7．A.doubt B．comfortC．turnto D．laughat答案B[根據(jù)下文的“Don’tworry！...trytohelpeachother.”可知，謝伊給尤西打電話，不僅安慰(comfort)了他，還主動提出要給予尤西幫助。doubt“懷疑”；turnup“求助于”；laughat“嘲笑”。]8．A.service B．spiritC．orders D．notes答案C[根據(jù)hiscustomers可知，尤西需要一個場所來經(jīng)營自己的生意并給客戶送貨(order)。service“服務(wù)”；spirit“精神”；note“筆記”。]9．A.replace B．a(chǎn)ttendC．enable D．join答案D[根據(jù)下文“Asfellowcommunitymembersweallshouldtrytohelpeachother.”可知，謝伊讓尤西在其店鋪重建之前去他的店里繼續(xù)經(jīng)營生意。joinsb意為“和某人一起”。replace“取代，代替”；attend“出席”；enable“使能夠”。]10．A.maintained B．recoveredC．reported D．cut答案D[根據(jù)Sheadidashepromised可知，謝伊讓尤西在其店鋪重建之前去他的店里繼續(xù)經(jīng)營生意，因此尤西可以減少(cut)他的損失。maintain“維持”；recover“恢復(fù)”；report“報道”。]11．A.example B．reminderC．challenge D．guide答案A[根據(jù)seeingfellowcommunitymembersaspartofonefamily可知，這個故事是一個將社區(qū)成員視為家庭成員的例子(example)。reminder“起提醒作用的東西”；challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”；guide“指南，向?qū)А薄12．A.becauseof B．a(chǎn)headofC．outof D．inspiteof答案B[根據(jù)上文“________Sheadidsomethingtrulyexcellent.”和“Don’tworry！Whynot________meinmystorebeforeyourstorecouldberebuilt？”可知，謝伊沒有借此機會搶走客戶，反而幫助了尤西。這是把別人的需要放在自己的需要前面(aheadof)。becauseof“因為，由于”；outof“離開，在外”；inspiteof“盡管，不顧”。]13．A.duty B．fameC．interest D．business答案D[根據(jù)Businessmenusuallywanttomakemoremoney和常識可知，商人通常都想要賺更多的錢，擴大自己的生意(business)。duty“責(zé)任”；fame“名聲，名望”；interest“興趣，利益”。]14．A.exceptional B．boringC．ridiculous D．old答案A[根據(jù)but可知，這個故事是不尋常的(exceptional)。boring“無聊的”；ridiculous“可笑的，荒謬的”；old“老的，舊的”。]15．A.losingtrackof B．settlingforC．caringfor D．calmingdown答案C[根據(jù)havingaheartofsympathyandmercylikeShea可知，真正的信任意味著像謝伊一樣關(guān)心(carefor)他人并且有一顆充滿憐憫的心。losetrackof“失去聯(lián)系”；settlefor“無奈接受，勉強同意”；calmdown“平靜下來，鎮(zhèn)定下來”。]Ⅱ.語法填空(2021·福州市3月質(zhì)量檢測)TheoxhasasignificantplaceinChineseculture.Centuriesago，mostpeopleearnedtheirlivingthroughfarmingandtheoxwasused1.____________(help)farmandcarryheavygoods.AncientChinesepoetsandwriters2.____________(frequent)describedtheoxinliterature.IntheClassicofPoetry，theoldestexistingcollectionofChinesepoetry，theanimal3.____________(mention)severaltimes.Theoxisconsideredasymbolofdiligenceand4.____________(sincere)．Tothisday，thephrase“thespiritofox”stillrefers5.____________conqueringanythingthatmaypresentitselfasanobstacle.Thespiritishighlypraisedandmanypeoplefollowitastheirworkethic(行為準則)．When6.____________comestosomeonewhogainsagreatachievementthroughhardwork，peopleoftenuse“niu”，7.____________(mean)“awesome”，todescribehimorher.Oxenseldombullytheweakorfear8.____________strong.Theyworkhardandmakesacrifices.ThisisreflectedinapoembyLuXun：“Headbowed，likeawillingox，Iservethechildren.”Thepoem9.____________(imply)thatLuXunwouldservethepeopleheartandsoulandwouldnevergiveintoenemies，10.____________fullyexpressesthepoet’sloyaltytothepeople.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文，牛在中國文化中有很重要的地位，牛被認為是勤勞和真誠的象征。時至今日，“牛的精神”仍被用來形容克服一切困難的精神，受到高度的贊揚，更是許多人的工作守則。牛也很少欺軟怕硬，會辛苦工作，作出犧牲。1．tohelp[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查固定用法beusedtodosth，表示“被用來做某事”。]2．frequently[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾句子中的動詞described。]3．wasmentioned[考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，theanimal指的是牛，該句表述了在中國現(xiàn)存的最古老的詩歌集《詩經(jīng)》中，牛被數(shù)次提及，再結(jié)合空前一句使用了一般過去時可知，此處應(yīng)該使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。]4．sincerity[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)與and之前的diligence為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)該使用名詞形式。]5．to[考查介詞。referto為固定短語，表示“描述”，因此應(yīng)該填to。]6．it[考查代詞。whenitcomesto...為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“當涉及……”，因此應(yīng)填it。]7．meaning[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為分詞短語作定語，動詞mean和其邏輯主語“niu”之間為主謂關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)使用meaning。]8．the[考查冠詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用“the＋形容詞”表示一類人，thestrong表示強大的人或事物，與or之前的theweak呼應(yīng)，因此應(yīng)使用定冠詞。]9．implies[考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)語境及結(jié)合本段敘述所使用的時態(tài)可知，此處應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時且主語poem是單數(shù)，故填implies。]10．which[考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為“thatLuXun...toenemies”，空處在從句中作主語，因此應(yīng)使用which。]

運用練三Ⅰ.完形填空(2021·河北唐山一模)In2014,theVarkeyFoundationestablishedtheGlobalTeacherPrize.Itistoreawakentheworld’s__1__andimportanceofteachers.Thisyear’sPrize__2__toDisale,aprimaryschoolteacherfromIndia.Shortlyafterthe__3__inLondon,Disaleannouncedthatheintendedto__4__halfoftheprizemoneywiththeothernineco－finalists.Hewantedthemto__5__andlightenthelivesofmorestudents.Backin2007,Disalehadtoenroll(加入)inateacher－trainingprogram__6__afterbeingrefusedbyanengineeringuniversityofhischoice.However,hesoonrealizedtheimpacteducatorscouldmakeon__7__lives.Aftergraduating,heaccepteda__8__inatinyvillage.Theschoolbuildingwasfarfromsatisfactory.What’sworse,thevillagers__9__education,especiallyforgirls.Eventhecourseswerenotwritteninthenativelanguage,Kannada.Disalesteppeduptothe__10__byfirstlearningKannadahimselfandthentranslatingallthetextbooksintothenativelanguage.Heevenorganizedafter－school“Edutainment”activitiestoawakenthestudents’__11__．His__12__havepaidoffandextended(延伸)beyondhistinyvillage.Today,histinyschoolhas__13__100percentattendancefromgirls.Hisproject,Let’sCrosstheBorders,isdesignedtobuild__14__betweenyoungpeopleinconflictzones.Givenhiscommitment,itis__15__thathehasreceivedtheprize.【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。2020年全球教師獎被頒給了印度鄉(xiāng)村教師迪塞爾，他為鄉(xiāng)村教育事業(yè)做出了巨大貢獻。1．A.imagination B．a(chǎn)ppreciationC．delight D．discussion答案B[imagination“想象”；appreciation“感激”；delight“高興”；discussion“討論”。根據(jù)空后的andimportanceofteachers可知，設(shè)立全球教師獎的目的是喚起全世界對教師的重視和感激。]2．A.went B．a(chǎn)ppealedC．turned D．tended答案A[句意：今年的獎頒給了來自印度的小學(xué)教師迪塞爾。goto表示“被給予”。]3．A.calculation B．visitC．ceremony D．a(chǎn)rrangement答案C[calculation“計算”；visit“參觀”；ceremony“典禮”；arrangement“安排”。根據(jù)常識可知，獎金是在頒獎典禮上發(fā)的。]4．A.exchange B．spendC．share D．save答案C[句意：在倫敦舉行的頒獎典禮后不久，Disale宣布他打算與其他九位入圍決賽的選手分享一半的獎金。share...with...表示“與……分享……”。]5．A.standout B．showupC．comeup D．reachout答案D[standout“突出”；showup“出現(xiàn)”；comeup“上升”；reachout“伸出”。根據(jù)空后的andlightenthelivesofmorestudents可知，此處指他想讓其他九位入圍決賽的選手能夠伸出手幫助更多的學(xué)生。]6．A.particularly B．happilyC．unwisely D．unwillingly答案D[particularly“尤其”；happily“快樂地”；unwisely“不明智地”；unwillingly“不情愿地”。根據(jù)上文中的hadto與空后的afterbeingrefusedbyanengineeringuniversityofhischoice可知，迪塞爾是在申請被拒絕之后，才不得不參加教師培訓(xùn)項目的。]7．A.young B．fragileC．lonely D．common答案A[根據(jù)常識及上文“Hewantedthemto________andlightenthelivesofmorestudents.”可知，學(xué)生大多數(shù)都是年輕人，所以是教育工作者對年輕人產(chǎn)生影響。]8．A.title B．positionC．reward D．promotion答案B[句意：畢業(yè)后，他接受了一個小村莊里的工作。title“標題”；position“職位”；reward“獎勵，回報”；promotion“提升”。]9．A.doubted B．choseC．a(chǎn)ssessed D．balanced答案A[doubt“懷疑”；choose“選擇”；assess“評估”；balance“平衡”。根據(jù)especiallyforgirls和“Eventhecourseswerenotwritteninthenativelanguage，Kannada.”可知，村民們懷疑教育。]10．A.challenge B．fameC．standard D．danger答案A[challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”；fame“名聲”；standard“標準”；danger“危險”。根據(jù)“byfirstlearningKannadahimselfandthentranslatingallthetextbooksintothenativelanguage.”可知，迪塞爾開始自學(xué)卡納拉語，然后把所有的課本翻譯成本地語言，這對他來說是個挑戰(zhàn)。]11．A.memory B．curiosityC．tolerance D．sympathy答案B[memory“記憶”；curiosity“好奇心”；tolerance“容忍”；sympathy“同情”。根據(jù)“Heevenorganizedafter－school‘Edutainment’activities”可知，迪塞爾組織課外“寓教于樂”活動的目的是激發(fā)學(xué)生的好奇心。]12．A.skills B．a(chǎn)mbitionsC．bets D．efforts答案D[skill“技巧”；ambition“雄心”；bet“打賭”；effort“努力”。根據(jù)andextended(延伸)beyondhistinyvillage可知，迪塞爾的努力得到了回報。]13．A.required B．forcedC．a(chǎn)chieved D．supported答案C[require“要求”；force“強迫”；achieve“獲得，達到”；support“支持”。此處與上文“What’sworse，thevillagers________education,especiallyforgirls.”形成了對比，表示“現(xiàn)在的女生出勤率達到了100%”。]14．A.courage B．peaceC．truth D．mercy答案B[courage“勇氣”；peace“和平”；truth“事實”；mercy“寬恕”。根據(jù)空后的betweenyoungpeopleinconflictzones可知，空處與conflict相對應(yīng)，所以此處表示“迪塞爾的‘讓我們跨越邊界’項目旨在在沖突地區(qū)的年輕人之間建立和平?！盷15．A.surprising B．legalC．interesting D．natural答案D[根據(jù)常識及Givenhiscommitment可知，迪塞爾獲獎是很自然的。]Ⅱ.語法填空(2021·濰坊市高三聯(lián)考)ThereareplacesonEarththat1.____________(puzzle)scientistsinthepastcenturiesandhavebeenthesubjectofmuchdiscussionaroundtheworld.TwoofthemostfascinatingplacesareEasterIslandandStonehenge.LyingintheSouthPacific，EasterIslandisoneofthemostisolatedplacesonEarthandisfamousforthelargestonemonoliths(獨塊巨石)thatlineitscoast.Shapedlikehumanheads，thesestructures，2.____________werecarvedbyancientpeople，rangein3.____________(high)fromabout5to22meters.Today，about600stonesremain.OntheoppositesideoftheworldstandsStonehenge.ThisancientEnglishsiteisacollectionoflargestonesarranged4.____________twocircles，oneinsidetheother.Althoughonlyruinsoftheoriginalformationexisttoday，archaeologistsbelievethattheinnercircleofbluestones，each5.____________(weigh)about4tons，wasbuiltfirst.Thegiantstonesthatformtheoutercircle，6.____________(know)assarsen(砂巖漂礫)stones，eachweighasmuchas50tons!Scientists7.____________(current)believethatearlyPolynesianresidentscarved8.____________island’smonoliths—believedtobesomesymbols—fromvolcanicrock，andthenpulledthemtotheirdifferent9.____________(location)．AndtheenormousstonesatStonehenge10.____________(transport)fromplacesaroundthecountry.Scientistsconsiderthisaremarkableachievement，forheavyliftingequipmentusedinmodernconstructionwasnotavailableatthattime.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。地球上仍有許多科學(xué)家未解之謎，而對于復(fù)活島和史前巨石柱而言，在沒有大型起重搬運設(shè)備的時期，如何搬運巨石是科學(xué)家的疑問。1．havepuzzled/havebeenpuzzling[考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在定語從句中作謂語，句中有inthepastcenturies，因此應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時。因先行詞places為復(fù)數(shù)，故助動詞用have。]2．which[考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為thesestructures，且空處在從句中作主語，因此使用which。]3．height[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作介詞in的賓語，因此應(yīng)該使用名詞形式。]4．in[考查介詞。bearrangedintwocircles意為“被安排成兩個圈”，in在此處用來顯示某物的形式、形狀。]5．weighing[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中有完整的句子成分，故空處考查非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)，each是weigh動作的發(fā)出者，因此應(yīng)該使用weighing，構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。]6．known[考查非謂語動詞。分析句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查過去分詞作theoutercircle的后置定語，表示“被稱作”。]7．currently[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾謂語，應(yīng)用副詞，因此填currently。]8．the[考查冠詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處表示特指，theisland指代上文提及的EasterIsland。]9．locations[考查名詞的數(shù)?？仗幈恍稳菰~different修飾，因此空處使用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。]10．weretransported[考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)該填謂語，且與主語stones為被動關(guān)系，整句敘述的是過去發(fā)生的事件，因此使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。又因主語stones為復(fù)數(shù)，故填weretransported。]運用練四Ⅰ.完形填空Overahundredyearsago，inaScottishseasideinn，agroupoffishermenwererelaxingafteralongdayatsea.Asaservingmaidwaswalking__1__thefishermen’stablewithapotoftea，oneofthemenmadeasweeping__2__todescribethesizeofthefishhehadcaught.Hishandhadacollisionwiththeteapotandsentit__3__againstthewhitewashedwall，whereitscontentslefta(n)__4__brownspot.Standingnearby，theinnkeepersurveyedthedamage.“Thatstain(污點)willnevercomeoff，”hesaidindiscomfort.“Thewholewallwillhavetoberepainted.”“Perhapsnot.”Alleyes__5__thestrangerwhohadjustspoken.“Whatdoyoumean？”askedtheinnkeeper.“Letmeworkwiththe__6__，”saidthestranger，standingupfromhistableinthecorner.“Ifmywork__7__yourapproval，youdon’tneedtorepaintthewall.”Thestrangerpickedupaboxandwenttothewall.Openingthebox，hewithdrewpencils，__8__，andvariouscolours.Hebegantodrawlinesaroundthestainandfilleditinhereandtherewithdifferentcolours.__9__apicturebegantoappear.Thestainofteahadbeenturnedintothepictureofadeerwithamagnificentpairofantlers.Atthebottomofthepicture，theman__10__hisname.Thenhepaidforhis__11__andleft.Theinnkeeperwas__12__whenheexaminedthewall.“Doyouknowwhothatmanwas？”hesaidinamazement.“Thesignaturereads‘E.H.Landseer！’”Indeed，theyhadbeenvisitedbythe__13__painterofwildlife，SirEdwinLandseer.Godwantstotakethestainsanddisappointmentsofourlifesodonot__14__erasethem，butratherturnthemintoathingof__15__．【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章敘述了一個海濱小酒館內(nèi)發(fā)生的故事。漁民失手打碎了侍者的茶壺，在墻壁上留下了污漬，畫家現(xiàn)身作畫，化腐朽為神奇。1．A.on B．pastC．over D．through答案B[根據(jù)情景推斷，服務(wù)員應(yīng)該是從餐桌旁經(jīng)過。past是介詞，意為“經(jīng)過”。]2．A.movement B．signalC．gesture D．fly答案C[說話者當時揮舞著手，通過手勢(gesture)描述他捕撈到的魚的大小。]3．A.crashing B．slidingC．flowing D．running答案A[此時的茶壺經(jīng)過碰撞以后已經(jīng)脫手，因此是猛撞(crash)。]4．A.regular B．irregularC．beautiful D．popular答案B[由情景推斷，茶漬在墻上留下的應(yīng)該是不規(guī)則的(irregular)污點。]5．A.fellonto B．glaredatC．turnedto D．lookedupon答案C[在大家都為此感到束手無策的時候，傳來這樣的聲音，當然引起了大家的注意，目光一齊轉(zhuǎn)向(turnto)說話的陌生人。]6．A.stain B．teapotC．picture D．paint答案A[根據(jù)后文可知，這個陌生人要處理墻上這個污點(stain)。]7．A.permits B．supportsC．meets D．needs答案C[假如我的工作得到你的贊成，你就不用再刷墻了。meetone’sapproval得到某人的批準/贊成。]8．A.papers B．brushesC．knives D．boards答案B[根據(jù)其職業(yè)特點和后來所做的事情可推斷，刷子(brush)應(yīng)該是其必不可少的用具。]9．A.However B．ThereforeC．Soon D．Meanwhile答案C[很顯然，畫家一動手，不久(soon)圖畫就出現(xiàn)了。]10．A.stressed B．signedC．drew D．covered答案B[畫家的職業(yè)習(xí)慣，作完畫以后要署名(sign)。后面出現(xiàn)的signature是空格所填詞的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。]11．A.meal B．damageC．fish D．work答案A[他在飯店用完餐，付的肯定是飯費。其余選項不符合邏輯，也不符合當時的事實。]12．A.puzzled B．worriedC．a(chǎn)stonished D．embarrassed答案C[從后文可知，酒店老板聽說過這位著名畫家，因此感到驚訝。其中inamazement是空格所填詞的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。]13．A.well－known B．unknownC．common D．special答案A[由文章可知，那個陌生人是著名的(well－known)野生動物畫家。]14．A.hardly B．merelyC．deliberately D．rarely答案B[對于人們生活中的污點和失望上帝接受了，因此不要只是把它們擦掉，而是要將它們變成美好的東西。根據(jù)句意，故選B項。]15．A.honesty B．kindnessC．beauty D．a(chǎn)rt答案C[參見上題解析。]Ⅱ.語法填空(2021·南昌市二模)Therearemanyreasons1.____________collegeanduniversitystudentsoftenfail2.____________(get)fullnightsofsleep.ManyAmericanstudentsareawayfromtheirparentsforthefirsttimewhentheyattendcollege.Theymightnotbeusedtohavingtotal3.____________(free)inhowtheyplantheirdaysandnights.Parties,latenightstudymeetings,orjusttimespentrelaxingwithfriends—theseareallthingsthatcutintocollegestudents’sleephabits.Afewyearsago,MichaelScullinbeganteaching4.____________scienceofsleeptopsychologystudentsatBaylorUniversityinWaco,Texas.ScullinisanassistantprofessoratBaylorandthedirectorofitsSleepNeuroscienceandCognitionLaboratory.Hesayshisstudentsseemedtoenjoytheclassandwereinterestedinthematerialhewasteaching.Theclass5.____________(center)roundwhythebodyneedstosleepandthephysicalandmentalhealthproblems6.____________(cause)byalackofsleep.Thisincludesdifficultyfocusingonstudiesor7.____________(control)one’sattentions，andincreasedriskofmanydiseases.TheUnitedStatesCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstatesthatadultsneedatleastsevenhoursofsleepanighttostay8.____________(health)．Scullinfoundstudentswhosleptmoreperformed9.____________(well)intwodifferentclasses，10.____________hepublishedhisfindingsintwoacademicpublicationslastNovember.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了大學(xué)生睡眠不足的原因，以及美國教師的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：睡眠多的學(xué)生課堂表現(xiàn)更好。1．why[考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格后是定語從句，先行詞是reasons，故填關(guān)系副詞why。]2．toget[考查非謂語動詞。由句意可知，此處表示“不能睡好覺”，使用的是failtodo(未能做……)這一用法。]3．freedom[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由空格前havingtotal可知空格處應(yīng)填名詞freedom。]4．the[考查冠詞。由句意可知，空格處特指“睡眠科學(xué)”，故填定冠詞the。]5．centered[考查時態(tài)。由前一句時態(tài)可知，此處應(yīng)使用一般過去時，介紹做過的實驗所關(guān)注的內(nèi)容。]6．caused[考查非謂語動詞。由句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格后應(yīng)填過去分詞作后置定語，修飾前面的名詞problems。]7．controlling[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)填controlling，與空格前focusingonstudies保持一致。另外，空格前連詞or也是解題信息。]8．healthy[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由句意可知，空格處表示“保持健康”，故填形容詞healthy。]9．better[考查比較等級。由句意可知，本句暗含比較意義，即睡眠多的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)更好，故填better。]10．a(chǎn)nd[考查并列連詞。由句意可知“Scullin發(fā)現(xiàn)睡眠多的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)更好”和“他在兩份學(xué)術(shù)刊物上發(fā)表了自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)”是并列關(guān)系，故填并列連詞and。]運用練五Ⅰ.完形填空(2021·濰坊市高三模擬)TrentJohnsonjustcelebratedhisgraduationfrommedicalschoolinOhiowithaceremonyathisparents’homeinFlorida.He__1__acoupleweeksbeforehisactualceremonythatthecollegewascancelingitonaccountofthedeadlycoronavirus.Hewasabsolutely__2__．Hisfriends__3__him(to)createawebsitesothatallofhisfamilyflyingintoColumbusoriginallystillcouldcelebrate__4__．Theymadethelivingroomlookasspecialaspossiblegiventhe__5__oftheceremony.There’snothingthatcouldhavesubstitutedthatspecial__6__．Histwitterwherethevideoimmediatelywent__7__hasalmosthalfamillionviews.Hewasonthenewsandwas__8__inNewYorkTimes.“Irememberseeingmyfaceonthenewspaperandthinking‘wow,Inotonlybecameadoctor,butImotivatedpeopleallovertheworldto__9__theirdreams.’Thatwastrulya(n)__10__moment”．Johnsonwasbroughtupinanunderdevelopedareawherepeoplewouldhave__11__socioeconomicclassanditwasthetypeofthecommunitythathewantedto__12__．Nowasa__13__atJohnsHopkinsHospitalinBaltimore,he__14__hasanopportunitytodothat.AsJohnsonsettlesintohisnewsurroundings,hewillcontinuetospreadhismessageofhopeand__15__．【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。主人公約翰遜在朋友們的幫助下，和家人在網(wǎng)上慶祝了自己的畢業(yè)典禮。這段視頻在他的Twitter上迅速走紅，有近50萬的瀏覽量。約翰遜如今是一名醫(yī)生，他表示自己將繼續(xù)傳播希望和鼓舞人心。1．A.recognized B．learnedC．a(chǎn)nticipated D．recalled答案B[根據(jù)下文的thecollegewascancelingitonaccountofthedeadlycoronavirus可知，此處是指約翰遜在幾個星期前得知了典禮取消的消息。learn意為“得知”，符合語境。]2．A.sorrowful B．pitifulC．a(chǎn)wkward D．guilty答案A[結(jié)合常識可知，對約翰遜來說，像畢業(yè)典禮這么重要的活動被取消，他肯定是十分傷心的。sorrowful意為“悲傷的”，符合語境。]3．A.permitted B．beggedC．a(chǎn)ppointed D．helped答案D[根據(jù)下文可知，約翰遜在網(wǎng)上慶祝了自己的畢業(yè)典禮。由此推測，此處是指朋友們幫助約翰遜創(chuàng)建了一家網(wǎng)站。helpsb(to)dosth意為“幫助某人做某事”。]4．A.consistently B．virtuallyC．casually D．formally答案B[根據(jù)上文的himtocreateawebsite可知，此處是指虛擬地慶祝。virtually意為“虛擬地”。]5．A.standard B．originC．popularity D．a(chǎn)tmosphere答案D[根據(jù)語境及“Theymadethelivingroomlookasspecialaspossiblegiventhe________oftheceremony.”可知，為了營造畢業(yè)典禮的氛圍，他們使客廳看起來盡可能特別。atmosphere意為“氛圍”，符合語境。]6．A.memory B．optionC．moment D．design答案C[結(jié)合上文可知，他們在網(wǎng)上慶祝畢業(yè)典禮，所以此處是指慶祝典禮那個特殊的時刻。下文的“Thatwastrulya(n)________moment.”也是提示。]7．A.viral B．madC．wild D．blank答案A[根據(jù)下文hasalmosthalfamillionviews可知，約翰遜在網(wǎng)上慶祝畢業(yè)典禮的視頻有近50萬的瀏覽量，所以此處是指視頻在網(wǎng)上迅速傳播開來。goviral意為“走紅；迅速傳播”。]8．A.evaluated B．featuredC．engaged D．promoted答案B[“Hewasonthenewsandwas________inNewYorkTimes.”可知，此處是指約翰遜被《紐約時報》重點報道。feature在此處意為“重點報道；特別報道”。]9．A.change B．startC．sacrifice D．follow答案D[根據(jù)空前的motivated及語境可知，此處是指約翰遜激勵了全世界的人去追隨他們的夢想。followone’sdream意為“追隨某人的夢想”。]10．A.scary B．a(chǎn)wfulC．incredible D．specific答案C[結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容“thinking‘wow，Inotonlybecameadoctor,butImotivatedpeopleallovertheworld...’”可知，約翰遜想到自己不僅成了一名醫(yī)生，還激勵了別人，對此感到不可思議。incredible意為“不可思議的”。]11．A.low B．powerfulC．rare D．noble答案A[根據(jù)上文約翰遜wasbroughtupinanunderdevelopedarea可推知，欠發(fā)達地區(qū)的人們社會經(jīng)濟地位低下。]12．A.heal B．escapeC．reform D．serve答案D[結(jié)合上文itwasthetypeofthecommunitythathewantedto以及后文提到的“約翰遜作為醫(yī)生有機會幫助他人”可推知，他渴望為那些欠發(fā)達地區(qū)的社區(qū)服務(wù)。serve意為“服務(wù)”。]13．A.pioneer B．chemistC．physician D．professor答案C[根據(jù)上文的Inotonlybecameadoctor可知，約翰遜如今是一名醫(yī)生。physician意為“醫(yī)生”。]14．A.seldom B．justC．still D．yet答案B[結(jié)合上文可知，約翰遜希望為欠發(fā)達地區(qū)的社區(qū)服務(wù)。而如今他成了醫(yī)生，這剛好是一個為他人服務(wù)的機會。just意為“正好，恰好”。]15．A.admiration B．innovationC．cooperation D．inspiration答案D[根據(jù)上文的butImotivatedpeopleallovertheworldto________theirdreams和hewillcontinuetospreadhismessageofhopeand可知，約翰遜希望傳播希望和鼓舞人心。]Ⅱ.語法填空(2021·貴陽市高三適應(yīng)性考試一)Singapore’straditionofeatingoutinplacescalledhawker(小販)centersisnow1.____________(recognize)bytheUnitedNationsforitscultural2.____________(important)．Ahawkerisaperson3.____________sellsfoodorgoodsandadvertisesbyshoutingatpeoplewalkingbyonthestreet.HawkersareanimportantpartofSingaporeanculture.Open－aireatingareaswherehawkerssell4.____________(they)goodsareverypopular.OnWednesday，theUnitedNations’culturalagency，UNESCO，addedthecity’s“hawkerculture”toitsRepresentativeLi