高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-狀語(yǔ)從句課件

高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

狀語(yǔ)從句1高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法12狀語(yǔ)從句分類(lèi)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句2狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)3時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when/while/aswhen意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，從句的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或是先于主句動(dòng)作。既可指一段時(shí)間也可指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，可接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或者短暫性動(dòng)詞。while表示一個(gè)時(shí)間段，只能與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，也可以表示對(duì)比。as“一邊……一邊……”，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以表示“隨著”。While(as)hewasstudying,hisbrotherwassleeping.When(as)hearrives,Iwillinformhimofit.Thegirlssanghappilyastheywalkedaroundthelake.Astimegoeson,heisgettingfatterandfatter.3時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when/while/aswhen意為“當(dāng)……4before和afterbefore意為“在……之前”，表示從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后。after意為“在……之后”，表示從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前。Hehaddonegoodpreparationsbeforehewenttocollege.Afterhehadtriedmanytimesandfailedintheend,hegaveup.4before和afterbefore意為“在……之前”，表5until和till表示“直到……、到……為止”，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻為止。二者用法相近，但在句首時(shí)只能用until。在肯定句中主句要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示“直到……”；在否定句中，可和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，not...until...表示“直到……才”。Hewaitedathomeuntil/tillitstoppedraining.Untilallthelightsinthestreethadbeenoff,theboywenthome.HeappeareduntilIwaitedforalongtime.（錯(cuò)）Hedidn'tappearuntil/beforeIwaitedforalongtime.（正）5until和till表示“直到……、到……為止”，表示一個(gè)6not……until可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句或者倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中。Theboydidn'trealizehisfaultuntilhewaspunished.=Itwasnotuntilhewaspunishedthattheboyrealizedhisfault.=Notuntilhewaspunisheddidtheboyrealizehisfault.6not……until可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句或者倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中。Theb7sincesince表示“自從……”，后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，所引導(dǎo)的從句一般要用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句多用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和完成時(shí)態(tài)。Hehasworkedatthiscollegesincehegraduated.since引導(dǎo)的從句若用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)，則表示該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的完成或結(jié)束。Ithasbeenfiveyearssinceheworkedhere.他不在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。Sincehewasatschool,hehasworkedinthatcity.自從他下學(xué)，他就在這個(gè)城市工作。7sincesince表示“自從……”，后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，所引導(dǎo)的8hardly/scarcely……when和nosooner……than表示“一……就……”，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生。有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)：1、主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)（haddone的形式），從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；2、否定副詞hardly、scarcely和nosooner位于句首，主句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，助動(dòng)詞had提到主語(yǔ)前面。Hardlyhadtheyfalleninlovewitheachotherwhentheygotmarried.=Theyhadhardlyfalleninlovewitheachotherwhentheygotmarried.NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitrainedheavily.8hardly/scarcely……when表示“一……就…9assoonas、directly/instantly/immediately和themoment/minute/second/instant表示“一……就……”，表示從句動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句動(dòng)作立刻發(fā)生。Hewenttotheofficeimmediatelyhereceivedthenotice.AssoonasIarrive,Iwillmakeatelephonecalltoyou.Themoment(minute/second/instant)hesawher,hefellinlovewithherdeeply.9assoonas、directly/instantly10表示時(shí)間的名詞Thedayhelefthometojointhearmy,hismothercriedsadly.EverytimeImeether,shewillsmiletome.Hegotmarriedthesummerhegraduatedfromcollege.Thefamilywereexcitedthemorningthebabywasborn.everytime,anytime,nexttime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,theday/month/week/year/morning/afternoon等也可作為連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。10表示時(shí)間的名詞Thedayhelefthome11地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句由where引導(dǎo)，表示“在……地方”。Afterthewar,anewhospitalwasbuiltwheretheoldonewas.Putthebookbackwhereitis.Helivesinthetownwherehewasborn.Heliveswherehewasborn.Helivesinwhichhewasborn.Helivesinthetowninwhichhewasborn.11地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句由where引導(dǎo)，表示“在……地12原因狀語(yǔ)從句because,since,as和forbecause語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，用來(lái)回答why引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句中只能用because?！猈hydoyoudisagreetotheproposal?—Becauseitisunpractical.Itwasbecausehereceivedhigheducationthathehadmoreopportunitiesthanothers.12原因狀語(yǔ)從句because,since,as和forbe13Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.since語(yǔ)氣比because弱，表示一種附帶的原因或是對(duì)方已知的事實(shí)，表示一種顯然的理由，意為“既然”。Sinceyouhavenotimetospare,Iwillturntoothersforhelp.as語(yǔ)氣較弱，是對(duì)主句的附帶說(shuō)明，表示不言自明的原因或是已知的事實(shí)。AsIgetlost,Idon‘tknowhowtogoback.for語(yǔ)氣最弱，并不是主句行為的直接原因，只起到一種補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用。只能放在主句后面，且用逗號(hào)同主句隔開(kāi)。13Itmusthaverainedlastnig14nowthat和inthat意為“既然、由于”，nowthat位于句首或句中，inthat位于句中。Nowthatyouhavedonegoodpreparations,youneedn'tfeelworried.Allofuslikehiminthatheisveryhumorous.14nowthat和inthat意為“既然、由于”，no15seeing(that)和considering(that)seeingthat和consideringthat中的that都可省略，表示“既然、由于”。Seeing(that)headmittedthefault,theteacherforgavehim.Considering(that)timeislimited,sheshortensherspeech.15seeing(that)和considering(tha16條件狀語(yǔ)從句if表示正面條件意為“如果”，unless表示反面條件意為“除非、如果不”相當(dāng)于ifnot，一般情況下可以互換。Ifitissunnytomorrow,we'llgohiking.Youwillbelateunlessyouhurry.=Ifyoudon'thurry,youwillbelate.if和unless16條件狀語(yǔ)從句if表示正面條件意為“如果”，unless表17aslongasaslongas引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“只要”。Iwillgothereaslongasheinvitesme.“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.=Ifyoudon'thurryup,you'llbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.17aslongasaslongas引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句18provided/providing(that)、suppose/supposing(that)assuming(that)和given(that)Supposing/supposeitrains,whatshouldwedo?Providing/provided(that)youcankeepthesecrettoyourself,Icantellyouaboutit.Assuming(that)anearthquaketookplace,whatwouldhappentothevillage?18provided/providing(that)、Sup19onconditionthat和incaseonconditionthat意為“條件是”；incase意為“倘若、萬(wàn)一”。IncaseIcan'tarriveontime,youcangofirstwithoutme.IwillopenaschoolforthechildreninruralplacesonconditionthatIhaveenoughmoney.19onconditionthat和incaseon20onlyif和ifonlyonlyif表示“只要”，only起到強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用，引導(dǎo)的從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣；ifonly引導(dǎo)的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，意為“但愿……、如果……就好了”。Onlyifyourespectothers,you'llberespected.IfonlyIwereamillionaire.IfonlyIhadfollowedhisadvice.20onlyif和ifonlyonlyif表示“只要”21onceonce也表示“一旦”，也可表示條件。Onceyouspeakout,youcan'tswallowyourwords.21onceonce也表示“一旦”，也可表示條件。Once22讓步狀語(yǔ)從句although、though、eventhough和evenif表示“雖然、即使、盡管”，eventhough和evenif語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)而although和though相對(duì)較弱，although較正式而though較通俗。Althoughourparentsoftencriticizeandevenbeatus,westilllovethem.Eventhough(if)heisrich,yetheisn'thappy.though/although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主句中不可出現(xiàn)but，但可以用yet，still等。Thoughitrainedhardoutside,(yet/still)heinsistedongoingout.=Itrainedhardoutside,butheinsistedongoingout.

22讓步狀語(yǔ)從句although、though、event23though和although?？苫Q，但有些情況下只能用though不能用although。though可和even連用表示強(qiáng)調(diào)而although不可以。Eventhoughtheprocessisfullofdifficulties,theresultissatisfactory.though可同as連用構(gòu)成asthough，相當(dāng)于asif表示“好像”。Itlooksasthoughit'sgoingtorain.though可用于倒裝式的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，相當(dāng)于as，而although則不可以。Toughthoughthesituationis,Iwillfaceuptoit.though可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“然而、卻”，不可用although。HespeaksEnglishquicklythoughcorrectly.Itisafact,though.23though和although?？苫Q，但有些情況下只能24while和whereaswhile和whereas也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，以通過(guò)對(duì)比突出主句和從句的差異。Hehasbeenpromotedasprofessor,while(whereas)heisonlythirty.Manypeopledon'tliketolivehere,while(whereas)theenvironmentisgood.24while和whereaswhile和whereas也可25whether……or(not)whether……or引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“不管、無(wú)論”。Whetheryoulikeitornot,you'llhavetodoit.Whetheryougowithmeorstayathome,Iwillgo.Whetherornotitrains,themeetingwillbeheldontime.25whether……or(not)whether……or引26wh+ever/nomatter+whwh+ever既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；nomatter+wh只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Whateveryousay,Iwon'tbelieveyou.(=nomatterwhat)Whenevershegetsangry,hewillcheerherup.(=nomatterwhen)Whoevercomestotheparty,theywillreceiveagift.Howevercarefulweare,wewillerr.(nomatterhow)26wh+ever/nomatter+whwh+ever既27forall(that)forall(that)相當(dāng)于inspiteof/despitethefactthat，表示“不管、雖然”后接that從句，that可省略。Forall(that)heisacommonman,hedoesuncommonthings.Inspiteof/despitethefactthatheisacommonman,hedoesuncommonthings.Inspiteoftheheavyrain,theystillwentout.=Inspiteofthefactthatitrainedheavily,theystillwentout.27forall(that)forall(that)相當(dāng)28though/as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝名詞+though/as+主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞Managerthough/asheis,heisverymodest.形容詞+though/as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)Strongthough/asyouare,youcan'tliftit.副詞+though/as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)Hardas/thoughheworks,hewasunabletomakegreatprogress.原形動(dòng)詞+though/as+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Failmanytimesas/thoughhedid,heneverlostheart.Searchthough/astheymight,theycan'tfindanybodyinthehouse.過(guò)去分詞+though/as+主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞Praisedashewas,heremainedmodest.28though/as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝名詞+tho29結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so……that和such……that29結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so……that和such……that30sucha/anadj可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)adj可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)adj不可數(shù)名詞that從句Kathyissuchalovelygirlthatwealllikeher.Theseweresuchdifficultquestionsthatnoneofuscouldanswerthem.Wehadsuchterribleweatherthatwecouldn'tfinishtheworkontime.30sucha/anadj可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)adj可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)ad31so形容詞/副詞adj可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)many/few可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)that從句Kathyissolovelythatweallliketobewithher.Kathyissolovelyagirlthatweallliketobewithher.Hemadesomanymistakesthathefailedtheexamonceagain.There'ssolittletimeleftthatwehavetospeedup.a/anmuch/little不可數(shù)名詞31so形容詞/副詞adj可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)many/few可數(shù)名32sothat和suchthatsothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常用逗號(hào)同主句隔開(kāi)；suchthat也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，such常作表語(yǔ)。Hegotuplate,sothathedidn'tcatchthefirstbus.TheweatherwassuchthatIwouldn'tgoout.32sothat和suchthatsothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)33目的狀語(yǔ)從句sothat和inorderthat目的狀語(yǔ)從句表示“為了、以便”，常同表示“能夠”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。如：can、could、may和might。Speakloudlysothatyoucanbeheardclearly.Inorderthatotherswillnoticeher,shewearabrightcoat.Theteacherexplainedtheansweragainandagaininorderthatwecouldunderstanditfully.33目的狀語(yǔ)從句sothat和inorderthat目34sothat和inorderthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成inorderto或soasto不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。但句子的主語(yǔ)必須同時(shí)是后面動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。否則就必須用sothat和inorderthat表達(dá)，但也可用介詞for引出邏輯主語(yǔ)。Hedoesmorningexercisessothathecanbuilduphisbody.Hedoesmorningexercisesinorderto/soastobuilduphisbody.Thecouplespokeinalowvoicesothattheirdaughtercouldstudyquietly.Thecouplespokeinalowvoiceinorderfortheirdaughtertostudyquietly.34sothat和inorderthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)35lest、incase和forfearthat表示“以防、以免”引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。lest從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，incase和forfearthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣間或用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Takeanumbrella,lestitshouldrain.Takeanumbrellaincaseitrains.Shegotupearlyforfearthathewouldbelateforwork.35lest、incase和forfearthat表示36結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句VS①目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞前要用can、could、may、might、shall、should、will和would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示主觀愿望；而結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句則不用，表示的是客觀事實(shí)。②引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的sothat前常有逗號(hào)，而引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的sothat前一般不用逗號(hào)。③結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句都放在主句后，而目的狀語(yǔ)從句可放在主句前或后。Sothatwecouldfinishthetaskontime,weworkeddayandnight.(目的狀語(yǔ)從句)Hewasreadytohelpothers,sothathewasrespectedbyeveryone.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)Hearrivedattherailwaystationearly,sothathecaughtthetrain.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)Hearrivedattherailwaystationearlysothathecouldcatchthetrain.(目的狀語(yǔ)從句)36結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句VS①目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞前要用37比較狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有than和as……as。Heistallerthanhisbrother(is).HeknewTombetterthanyou(knewhim).JimstudiedharderthanJohnson(did).Hespokeasrudelyashequarreled.Ican'tplaybasketballas/sowellashe.37比較狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有than和as……a38方式狀語(yǔ)從句as和justas表示“尤如……、好像……”，justas比as強(qiáng)調(diào)性更強(qiáng)，as前也可用exactly加以強(qiáng)調(diào)。Thestudentsdidtheexperimentastheteacherinstructedthem.Exactlyastheheadbelongstoaperson,TaiwanispartofChina.38方式狀語(yǔ)從句as和justas表示“尤如……、好像……39asif和asthoughasif和asthough引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句可用陳述語(yǔ)氣表示符合或有可能符合事實(shí)的情況；也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示不符合事實(shí)或與事實(shí)相反的情況。另外，asif和asthough從句可用省略形式，后面通常接不定式、分詞、形容詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。Itlooksasif(asthough)itisgoingtorain.ThekindladytreatsmeasifIwereherson.Helookedaroundasif(hewas)tolookforsomething.Shestoodanxiouslyasif(shewas)waitingforsomebody.Hedidn'tspeaktoanybodytodayasif(hewas)sad.Thelittleboycriedsadlyasif(hewas)bulliedbyothers.Themanlookedasif(hewas)insearchforhisbook.39asif和asthoughasif和asthou高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

狀語(yǔ)從句40高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法141狀語(yǔ)從句分類(lèi)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句2狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)42時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when/while/aswhen意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，從句的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或是先于主句動(dòng)作。既可指一段時(shí)間也可指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，可接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或者短暫性動(dòng)詞。while表示一個(gè)時(shí)間段，只能與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，也可以表示對(duì)比。as“一邊……一邊……”，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以表示“隨著”。While(as)hewasstudying,hisbrotherwassleeping.When(as)hearrives,Iwillinformhimofit.Thegirlssanghappilyastheywalkedaroundthelake.Astimegoeson,heisgettingfatterandfatter.3時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when/while/aswhen意為“當(dāng)……43before和afterbefore意為“在……之前”，表示從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后。after意為“在……之后”，表示從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前。Hehaddonegoodpreparationsbeforehewenttocollege.Afterhehadtriedmanytimesandfailedintheend,hegaveup.4before和afterbefore意為“在……之前”，表44until和till表示“直到……、到……為止”，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻為止。二者用法相近，但在句首時(shí)只能用until。在肯定句中主句要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示“直到……”；在否定句中，可和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，not...until...表示“直到……才”。Hewaitedathomeuntil/tillitstoppedraining.Untilallthelightsinthestreethadbeenoff,theboywenthome.HeappeareduntilIwaitedforalongtime.（錯(cuò)）Hedidn'tappearuntil/beforeIwaitedforalongtime.（正）5until和till表示“直到……、到……為止”，表示一個(gè)45not……until可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句或者倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中。Theboydidn'trealizehisfaultuntilhewaspunished.=Itwasnotuntilhewaspunishedthattheboyrealizedhisfault.=Notuntilhewaspunisheddidtheboyrealizehisfault.6not……until可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句或者倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中。Theb46sincesince表示“自從……”，后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，所引導(dǎo)的從句一般要用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句多用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和完成時(shí)態(tài)。Hehasworkedatthiscollegesincehegraduated.since引導(dǎo)的從句若用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)，則表示該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的完成或結(jié)束。Ithasbeenfiveyearssinceheworkedhere.他不在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。Sincehewasatschool,hehasworkedinthatcity.自從他下學(xué)，他就在這個(gè)城市工作。7sincesince表示“自從……”，后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，所引導(dǎo)的47hardly/scarcely……when和nosooner……than表示“一……就……”，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生。有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)：1、主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)（haddone的形式），從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；2、否定副詞hardly、scarcely和nosooner位于句首，主句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，助動(dòng)詞had提到主語(yǔ)前面。Hardlyhadtheyfalleninlovewitheachotherwhentheygotmarried.=Theyhadhardlyfalleninlovewitheachotherwhentheygotmarried.NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitrainedheavily.8hardly/scarcely……when表示“一……就…48assoonas、directly/instantly/immediately和themoment/minute/second/instant表示“一……就……”，表示從句動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句動(dòng)作立刻發(fā)生。Hewenttotheofficeimmediatelyhereceivedthenotice.AssoonasIarrive,Iwillmakeatelephonecalltoyou.Themoment(minute/second/instant)hesawher,hefellinlovewithherdeeply.9assoonas、directly/instantly49表示時(shí)間的名詞Thedayhelefthometojointhearmy,hismothercriedsadly.EverytimeImeether,shewillsmiletome.Hegotmarriedthesummerhegraduatedfromcollege.Thefamilywereexcitedthemorningthebabywasborn.everytime,anytime,nexttime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,theday/month/week/year/morning/afternoon等也可作為連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。10表示時(shí)間的名詞Thedayhelefthome50地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句由where引導(dǎo)，表示“在……地方”。Afterthewar,anewhospitalwasbuiltwheretheoldonewas.Putthebookbackwhereitis.Helivesinthetownwherehewasborn.Heliveswherehewasborn.Helivesinwhichhewasborn.Helivesinthetowninwhichhewasborn.11地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句由where引導(dǎo)，表示“在……地51原因狀語(yǔ)從句because,since,as和forbecause語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，用來(lái)回答why引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句中只能用because。—Whydoyoudisagreetotheproposal?—Becauseitisunpractical.Itwasbecausehereceivedhigheducationthathehadmoreopportunitiesthanothers.12原因狀語(yǔ)從句because,since,as和forbe52Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.since語(yǔ)氣比because弱，表示一種附帶的原因或是對(duì)方已知的事實(shí)，表示一種顯然的理由，意為“既然”。Sinceyouhavenotimetospare,Iwillturntoothersforhelp.as語(yǔ)氣較弱，是對(duì)主句的附帶說(shuō)明，表示不言自明的原因或是已知的事實(shí)。AsIgetlost,Idon‘tknowhowtogoback.for語(yǔ)氣最弱，并不是主句行為的直接原因，只起到一種補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用。只能放在主句后面，且用逗號(hào)同主句隔開(kāi)。13Itmusthaverainedlastnig53nowthat和inthat意為“既然、由于”，nowthat位于句首或句中，inthat位于句中。Nowthatyouhavedonegoodpreparations,youneedn'tfeelworried.Allofuslikehiminthatheisveryhumorous.14nowthat和inthat意為“既然、由于”，no54seeing(that)和considering(that)seeingthat和consideringthat中的that都可省略，表示“既然、由于”。Seeing(that)headmittedthefault,theteacherforgavehim.Considering(that)timeislimited,sheshortensherspeech.15seeing(that)和considering(tha55條件狀語(yǔ)從句if表示正面條件意為“如果”，unless表示反面條件意為“除非、如果不”相當(dāng)于ifnot，一般情況下可以互換。Ifitissunnytomorrow,we'llgohiking.Youwillbelateunlessyouhurry.=Ifyoudon'thurry,youwillbelate.if和unless16條件狀語(yǔ)從句if表示正面條件意為“如果”，unless表56aslongasaslongas引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“只要”。Iwillgothereaslongasheinvitesme.“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.=Ifyoudon'thurryup,you'llbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.17aslongasaslongas引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句57provided/providing(that)、suppose/supposing(that)assuming(that)和given(that)Supposing/supposeitrains,whatshouldwedo?Providing/provided(that)youcankeepthesecrettoyourself,Icantellyouaboutit.Assuming(that)anearthquaketookplace,whatwouldhappentothevillage?18provided/providing(that)、Sup58onconditionthat和incaseonconditionthat意為“條件是”；incase意為“倘若、萬(wàn)一”。IncaseIcan'tarriveontime,youcangofirstwithoutme.IwillopenaschoolforthechildreninruralplacesonconditionthatIhaveenoughmoney.19onconditionthat和incaseon59onlyif和ifonlyonlyif表示“只要”，only起到強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用，引導(dǎo)的從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣；ifonly引導(dǎo)的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，意為“但愿……、如果……就好了”。Onlyifyourespectothers,you'llberespected.IfonlyIwereamillionaire.IfonlyIhadfollowedhisadvice.20onlyif和ifonlyonlyif表示“只要”60onceonce也表示“一旦”，也可表示條件。Onceyouspeakout,youcan'tswallowyourwords.21onceonce也表示“一旦”，也可表示條件。Once61讓步狀語(yǔ)從句although、though、eventhough和evenif表示“雖然、即使、盡管”，eventhough和evenif語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)而although和though相對(duì)較弱，although較正式而though較通俗。Althoughourparentsoftencriticizeandevenbeatus,westilllovethem.Eventhough(if)heisrich,yetheisn'thappy.though/although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主句中不可出現(xiàn)but，但可以用yet，still等。Thoughitrainedhardoutside,(yet/still)heinsistedongoingout.=Itrainedhardoutside,butheinsistedongoingout.

22讓步狀語(yǔ)從句although、though、event62though和although?？苫Q，但有些情況下只能用though不能用although。though可和even連用表示強(qiáng)調(diào)而although不可以。Eventhoughtheprocessisfullofdifficulties,theresultissatisfactory.though可同as連用構(gòu)成asthough，相當(dāng)于asif表示“好像”。Itlooksasthoughit'sgoingtorain.though可用于倒裝式的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，相當(dāng)于as，而although則不可以。Toughthoughthesituationis,Iwillfaceuptoit.though可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“然而、卻”，不可用although。HespeaksEnglishquicklythoughcorrectly.Itisafact,though.23though和although?？苫Q，但有些情況下只能63while和whereaswhile和whereas也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，以通過(guò)對(duì)比突出主句和從句的差異。Hehasbeenpromotedasprofessor,while(whereas)heisonlythirty.Manypeopledon'tliketolivehere,while(whereas)theenvironmentisgood.24while和whereaswhile和whereas也可64whether……or(not)whether……or引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“不管、無(wú)論”。Whetheryoulikeitornot,you'llhavetodoit.Whetheryougowithmeorstayathome,Iwillgo.Whetherornotitrains,themeetingwillbeheldontime.25whether……or(not)whether……or引65wh+ever/nomatter+whwh+ever既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；nomatter+wh只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Whateveryousay,Iwon'tbelieveyou.(=nomatterwhat)Whenevershegetsangry,hewillcheerherup.(=nomatterwhen)Whoevercomestotheparty,theywillreceiveagift.Howevercarefulweare,wewillerr.(nomatterhow)26wh+ever/nomatter+whwh+ever既66forall(that)forall(that)相當(dāng)于inspiteof/despitethefactthat，表示“不管、雖然”后接that從句，that可省略。Forall(that)heisacommonman,hedoesuncommonthings.Inspiteof/despitethefactthatheisacommonman,hedoesuncommonthings.Inspiteoftheheavyrain,theystillwentout.=Inspiteofthefactthatitrainedheavily,theystillwentout.27forall(that)forall(that)相當(dāng)67though/as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝名詞+though/as+主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞Managerthough/asheis,heisverymodest.形容詞+though/as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)Strongthough/asyouare,youcan'tliftit.副詞+though/as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)Hardas/thoughheworks,hewasunabletomakegreatprogress.原形動(dòng)詞+though/as+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Failmanytimesas/thoughhedid,heneverlostheart.Searchthough/astheymight,theycan'tfindanybodyinthehouse.過(guò)去分詞+though/as+主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞Praisedashewas,heremainedmodest.28though/as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝名詞+tho68結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so……that和such……that29結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so……that和such……that69sucha/anadj可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)adj可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)adj不可數(shù)名詞that從句Kathyissuchalovelygirlthatwealllikeher.Theseweresuchdifficultquestionsthatnoneofuscouldanswerthem.Wehadsuchterribleweatherthatwecouldn'tfinishtheworkontime.30sucha/anadj可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)adj可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)ad70so形容詞/副詞adj可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)many/few可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)that從句Kathyissolovelythatweallliketobewithher.Kathyissolovelyagirlthatweallliketobewithher.Hemadesomanymistakesthathefailedtheexamonceagain.There'ssolittletimeleftthatwehavetospeedup.a/anmuch/little不可數(shù)名詞31so形容詞/副詞adj可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)many/few可數(shù)名71sothat和suchthatsothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常用逗號(hào)同主句隔開(kāi)；suchthat也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，such常作表語(yǔ)。Hegotuplate,sothathedidn'tcatchthefirstbus.TheweatherwassuchthatIwouldn'tgoout.32sothat和suchthatsothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)72目的狀語(yǔ)從句sothat和inorderthat目的狀語(yǔ)從句表示“為了、以便”，常同表示“能夠”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。如：can、could、may和might。Speakloudlysothatyoucanbeheardclearly.Inorderthatotherswillnoticeher,shewearabrightcoat.Theteacherexplainedtheansweragainandagaininorderthatw