武漢大學英語解題技巧

二、閱讀篇(-)考博閱讀小技巧時間和分值分配：Review290+221+307+433+247=1498Onehour/fivepassageel500words12minutes/onepassagee30-50words/m8%/onepassage340%/fivepassage70-5%readingcoverage328Pointsgain考博英語閱讀小技巧：.中心思想是解一主題型、細節(jié)型的細節(jié)也是圍繞中心的細枝末節(jié).隱蔽處有解一同位語、插入語、定語、長句后半句、從句等.不合理項不是解；無關項不是解；事實不是解一反其道而行之.同義替換、詞類轉換等是解一照抄原文不是解.含義不肯定的是解一can,couId,may,usuaIIy,might,most,moreorIess,relative!y,beIikeIyto,whetheror,notnecessariIy,dubious,hesitate,suggest…是解.潛在的是解一potentiaI,trend,threat…是解.未知的是解一unknown…是解.相對的是解一絕對的不是解，如must,always,never,themost,all,onIy,any,none,entireIy,absoIute,最高級等不是解.概括性的是解；一both,various,and,many,generaI,notonly…butalso,名詞復數(shù)，系表結構等是解；.抽象的是解一approach,concept,misconception,awareness,property,character,chance,opportunity等是解.some是角翠——someone,somebody,something,someday,sometime,certain（一些）等是解.重要是解一important,necessity,essentiaI,significant,dominant,speciaI,vital,particuIar,fundamentaI等是解.基礎是解一basis,bebasedon,basic,inthenature,origin,originate等是解.虛詞型的是解?一another,other,more,either,aIso,beside,additionaI,extra,same等是解.部分是解一nearIy,notenough,part,iinadequate等是解.復雜的是解一（簡單的非解）含義矛盾的，中庸的，復合句，長的，比較結構，深刻含義，雙重否定，三重否定，難的，different,separation,division,XandnotX,insteadof,compIex,discuss,difficult是解.相互作用是解一iinterfere,effect,eachother,affect,respond,adaptto,infIuence,compensate,associatewith,reIationship,cooperation,depend等是解.變化是解一change,shift,vary,aIter,variation,formation,noIonger,deIay,improve,postpone,increase,convert等是解.積極向上是解一objective,new,inventive,獨出心裁的等是解.主觀是解一忽視，negIect,ignore,expect,specuIate,suspect,overIook,overestimate,Iike,disIike等是解答題流程：綜上所述，我們可以制定出一個相對完美的答題流程：①先看懂所有提問和選項的含義，劃出關鍵詞；②“即讀即譯”看短文，搜索關鍵詞的同時注意轉折、強烈語氣詞以及對復雜長句、超綱詞的理解，沒完全看懂的地方一定要做出記號（真我）；③做題，對應短文中的關鍵詞處查找；如果有拿不準的選項，一定要在短文處和提問處前后對照，并且每一個選項一定要在文中找到證明其對錯的直接依據(jù)。萬萬不能憑自己的主觀臆斷而不在文中查找直接依據(jù)（忘我），尤其是當你左右為難的時候千萬不能草率的認定某項一定錯，要前后多斟酌；④當選項或短文中不懂的生詞難以理解、或選項難以用直接依據(jù)區(qū)分其細微差別的時候，這時可以運用實用技巧以及輔助技巧進行綜合判斷，以從另一個角度驗證答案的正確性。這里應當注意的是：①必須養(yǎng)成一遍看懂全文的習慣，但應試時的“即讀即譯”以泛譯為主，以理解為目的，在保證理解的前提下盡可能提高閱讀的速度；②通常來說，細節(jié)對應于短文中具體的話語，概括題對應于中心句或全文的語氣基調（體現(xiàn)為強烈語氣詞），即便要推論也只能從短文中的具體語句展開，而不能從“常識”展開；③不要陷入純技巧的誤區(qū)，只有在看懂全文的基礎上技巧才有真正的用武之地。所以說即便是那些實用性更強的技巧也是為“直接依據(jù)”服務的，絕不能顛倒主次。技巧只是提升速度和增加準確率，但技巧本身不是速度，更不是準確率。（二）閱讀理解的通用高分技能閱讀理解除了要求正確理解事實細節(jié)的能力外，還經(jīng)常需要考生根據(jù)一定上下文對某些詞匯的意義進行推斷、根據(jù)所讀材料理解文章隱含的意義和深層次的含義、歸納文章主題思想、通過概括得出結論、綜合判斷作者態(tài)度等，這就要求考生具備相應的閱讀理解微技能，與考試密切相關的一些微技能包括詞匯的理解、預測、判斷、歸納和推理。詞匯的理解對于閱讀中碰到的生僻詞，我們首先要學會識別哪些情況下即使不了解詞義也不影響對短文的理解；其次是轉變對生僻詞義認識上的態(tài)度，即在許多情況下不必了解該詞的確切意義，尤其沒有必要了解它在英漢辭典中的中文釋義，而只需對該詞詞義的大概而籠統(tǒng)的理解就行。實踐中，在確定了短文中哪些生僻詞的詞義有必要作一大概了解后，我們可以從以下兩個角度來猜度詞義：（1）構詞知識即利用單詞的構詞要素詞根，前后綴來識記單詞。詞根是一個單詞的根本部分，代表詞的基本意義；前綴是加在詞根或單詞前面的部分，通常也有一定含義；后綴是加在詞根或單詞后面的部分，通常在增加詞義的同時還改變詞性。通過詞根詞綴構詞的方式有多種，現(xiàn)簡單歸納如下：①前綴+詞根：inter（中間）+venefiintervene（介入）②詞根+后綴:circl（圓）+let（小）fcirelet（小環(huán)）③詞根+詞根：tele（遠）+scope（鏡）->teIescope（望遠鏡）④前綴+詞根+后綴：in（不）+aud（聽）+ible（可）finaudible（聽不見）⑤雙前綴+詞根：re（再）+dis（取下）+cover（蓋）frediscover（再發(fā)現(xiàn)）⑥詞根+雙后綴：care（用心）+less（不）+ly（地）fcareIessIy（不小心地）⑦前綴+雙詞根：tri （三）+gono（角）+metry（測量）ftrigonometry（三角幾何）⑧雙詞根+后綴：biblio（書）+phiI（愛）+ist（人）fbibIiophiIist（書籍愛好者）⑨雙前綴+詞根+后綴：ir（不）+re（反對）+sist（站）+ibIe_*irresistibIe（不可抵抗的）前綴+詞根+雙后綴：se（離）+greg（群）+ation+ist-*segregationist（種族隔離主義者）雙前綴+詞根+雙后綴：un（不）+pre（先）+ced（走）+ent+edfunprecedented（史無前例J的）（2）上下文線索利用上下文線索猜測詞義的方法很多，但其核心是尋找與該生僻詞相關的上下文意義線索，這些線索主要可歸納為以下幾種：①同義定義為了便于讀者理解作者本義，作者有時會對文中的生僻詞或專業(yè)性較強的詞直接給出定義。在下定義時，作者常使用一些信號詞,如：is/are（caIIed）,means,canbedefinedas,referto,is/areknownas,signify等，例：FoodfaIIaciesrefertobeIiefsaboutfoodthatarenottrue.或標點符號，如——，（）等，例：Multiplexing transmittingindependentsignaIsatthesametimeinthesamechanneI increasestheefficiencyofradiochanneIs.有時，作者用同位語形式或連詞or給出定義，例：NerveceIIsevidentIyfirstappearedincoeIenterates,“hollowgutted"organismsIikehydraandtheseaanemone.InteIIigentbehaviorremainedimpossibIeuntiItheappearanceofrelativelybig,compIextypesofbrain thetypeswefindamongthevertebrates,orbackbonedanimals.②近義復述同一短文中上下毗鄰的句子通常有互釋作用，我們可以從上下文的復述中獲取與某一單詞相關的信息來猜度詞義。例：Mr.andMrs.FirthhadaIongcourtship.Theydatedfornineyearsbeforetheygotmarried.Althoughheoftenhadtheopportunity,Mr.TrittneverstoIemoneyfromacustomer.ThiswouIdhaveendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.③反義對照在表示對照的上下文中，常包含有意義相反的詞語或概念，這些意義相反的概念可以互為線索，幫助我們猜度詞義。常有以下一些信號詞：aIthough,but,however,though,whereas,while,yet,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等。例：Chimpanzees（猩猩）inthewiIdusesimpleobjectsastooIs,butinIaboratorysituationstheycanusemoresophisticatediterns.Mostdentists-officesaredrabplaces,whileEmiIio'snewofficeisabright,cheerfuIpIace.④搭配集合利用詞與詞的搭配或該詞所出現(xiàn)的語境，我們也能推知詞義的大概輪廓。例:PeopIegatheredtolook.ThreefinestreamsofhotwatersproutedfromhoIesinthejacket（套，殼）oftheradiator.AmaniswateringhisIawnjustasanattractive,weIIdressedgirlwaIkedby.AsheogIesher,heaccidentaIIyturnsthehoseonhisugly,dowdywife.⑤比較舉例上下文中的比較和舉例，能揭示比較物或列舉物之間的共性，我們可根據(jù)這些共性來推知有關詞語的意思。例：TheconsequencesofepochaIeventssuchaswarsandgreatscientificdiscoveriesarenotconfinedtoasmaIIgeographicaIarea.DoctorsbeIievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaItoyourhealth.TheyaIsoregarddrinkingasharmfuI.⑥因果時間因與果、時間的先與后都是事物發(fā)展變化過程中的必然關系，在利用上下文推測詞義時，這些關系也至關重要。例：Robertisconsideredperemptoryadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.WhenMarkwasinpedanticmood,heassumedthemannerofafamousprofessorandgaveIongIecturesonboring,insignificanttopics.⑦常識包括我們的生活經(jīng)歷、經(jīng)驗常識以及自己專業(yè)方面的知識，在閱讀到與自己專業(yè)相近的文章時，我們都會感到相對容易，這正是我們的專業(yè)知識在幫我們理解。例：AnappIefallsdowninsteadofupbecauseofgravity.AnatomiccIockissoprecisethatitcanbeusedtochecktheaccuracyofpredictionsbasedonEinstein'srelativitytheories.對付難文的閱讀需善于預測在對付難文的閱讀時，一定要善于在理解已知信息的基礎上對隨之可能出現(xiàn)的信息進行積極預測。預測時，應學會借助主題句、關聯(lián)詞語等篇章信息來提高預測的準確性。如，有一篇短文以這樣一句開頭：ManypeopIebeIievethegIarefromsnowcausessnowblindness.Yet…這里根據(jù)表示轉折的關聯(lián)詞Yet,預測到下面可能出現(xiàn)的是主題句，又必然要否定本句中許多人的觀點，即snowblindness（雪盲）可能由glarefromsnow以外的其它原因引起。原文緊接著的是：Yet,darkgIassesornot,theyfindthemseIvessufferingfromheadachesandwateringeyes,andevensnowbIindness,whenexposedtoseveraIhoursof“snowIight".據(jù)此主題，我們可以比較有把握地預測到下文將著墨于引起，，雪盲，，的真正原因，原文如下：TheUnitedStatesArmyhasnowdeterminedthatgIarefromsnowdoesnotcausesnowbIindnessintroopsinasnow-coveredcountry.Rather,aman'seyesfrequentIyfindnothingtofocusoninabroadexpanseofbarrensnow-coveredterrain.SohisgazecontinuaIIyshiftsandjumpsbackandforthovertheentireIandscapeinsearchofsomethingtoIookat.Findingnothinghourafterhour,theeyesneverstopsearchingandtheeyebaIIsbecomesoreandtheeyemuseIesache.NatureoffsetsthisirritationbyproducingmoreandmorefluidwhichcoverstheeyebaII.ThefluidcoverstheeyebaIIinincreasingquantityuntiIvisionbIurs,thenisobscured,andtheresu11istotaI,eventhoughtemporary,snowbIindness.但預測不一定總是正確，它需要在繼續(xù)閱讀中予以肯定、否定或修正。上例中下文的內容與預測相近，表示理解過程正確。如預測與下文不一致，則可能：①對前面內容的理解有偏差；②據(jù)以預測的那部分語言信息可能有多種不同理解，因而可據(jù)以作出多種不同的預測。預測有順向預測和逆向預測兩種，上面提到的為順向預測。所謂逆向預測，實為預測的一種特殊形式，應用于已知下文要推知上文的場合。閱讀中積極運用順向和逆向預測，除了上面談到的能提高對文章的理解深度外，還可幫助我們讀懂本來難以讀懂的章節(jié)。判斷在閱讀中，我們有時需要對文章內容的正誤作出判斷，有時需要借助上下文對個別詞語的大意作出判斷，有時需要根據(jù)關聯(lián)，對上下文進行預測性判斷，有時需要在綜合分析的基礎上，通過判斷得出結論，有時還需要對作者語氣態(tài)度、思想傾向等等作出判斷。判斷貫穿于閱讀的全過程，也滲透在各種閱讀微技能中。例：(1)判斷推測句中omnivorous一詞的大意Shehasawideinterestandisanomnivorousreader.根據(jù)句中她“興趣廣”這一上文和被修飾的reader一詞，可大概判斷。mnivorous具有“興趣廣、什么書都喜歡讀”等含義。(2)根據(jù)前文，判斷下文Lazinessisasin,everyoneknowsthat.NevertheIess…IazinesscanactuaIIybeheIpfuIIazinessisasignofmentaIiIInessIazinessisimmoraIandwastefuIyoumustbecarefuIwhenyouseesomeoneIazy根據(jù)第一分句的語義傾向和Nevertheless一詞，我們可得出這樣的判斷，即下文要談的內容必然與之相反，即談論Laziness也有其有利、肯定的一面，故A最有可能。(3)判斷作者觀點WhichofthefollowingstatementswaswrittenbysomeonewhopreferssmaIIcarstoIargeones?TheirexceIIentgasmiIeageandeventheirimprovedinteriordesignnotwithstanding,today'scompactcarssimplyfaiItoprovidethefeeIatraditionaImotoristyearnsfor.TheyIacksomeofthesizeandeventhecharacterofthefuIl-sizedautoswewereaccustomedto;buttoday'scompactsmorethanmakeupforthiswiththeirexceIIentgasmiIeage.本題要求我們對A、B中哪種觀點贊成小汽車做出判斷。A句中主句對小汽車予以否定，句首對小汽車的肯定性陳述又被notwithstanding一詞否定。答案是B,第一分句講到小汽車的缺陷：缺乏大汽車的空間和氣派；第二分句則認為小汽車的緊湊及其優(yōu)秀的低耗油特征能遠遠彌補上述不足，前面以轉折連詞將作者觀點轉向第二分句。歸納是必須掌握的技能歸納是一種由特殊(個別)到一般的概括，從閱讀理解角度說，所謂個別即具體細節(jié)，所謂一般即章節(jié)段落的大意或主題，歸納是由特殊細節(jié)推向一般主題的概括過程。我們可以借助詞的上下義關系來領會掌握并運用歸納這一方法。(1)句子的歸納MicrowaveovenshaveeIiminatedmanyoftheinconveniencespreviousIyassociatedwiththepreparationofmeaIs.ManyfoodscangodirectIyfromthefreezertothemicrowaveovenwithoutbeingdefrosted.Manymicrowaveovenscanbepre-settocookfoodwhileyouareawayfromthekitchen.ThemicrowaveovenhasgreatIyreducedtheamountoftimeittakestocookameaI.題中四句話都提到微波爐的好處，其中B、C、D分別從方便、解凍、定時三個不同的方面具體講述微波爐不同于傳統(tǒng)炊具的優(yōu)勢，而A則從整體上覆蓋了上述三句的內容，故A是對B、C、D的概括，上述分析、尋找最具概括意義之選項的過程即為歸納過程。推而廣之，我們可用之于段落和短文主題的歸納。(2)段落大意的歸納AIthoughmostuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesarerunonasemestersystem,whichofferscIassesinthefaIIandspring,someschooIsobserveaquartersystemcomprisedoffall,winter,spring,andsummerquarters.Theacademicyear,SeptembertoJune,isdividedintothreequartersofeIevenweekseachbeginninginSeptember,January,andMarch,thesummerquarter,JunetoAugustiscomposedofshortersessionsofvaryingIength.StudentsmaytakeadvantageoftheopportunitytostudyyeararoundbyenroIIinginaIIfourquarters,MoststudentsbegintheirprogramsinthefaIIquarter,buttheymayenteratthebeginningofanyoftheotherquarters.UniversitiesintheUnitedStatesTheAcademicYearTheQuarterSystemTheSemesterSystem本段由四個句子組成，各句大意分別為：1)有些學校實行四學期制；2)學年從9月至下年7月，前三個學期各長11周，夏季學期最短；3)學生可于任何學期注冊入學；4)但大多數(shù)學生秋季入學。通過上述四句大意的歸納，可知本段落主要講述美國大學的一種學期制，即QuarterSystem,答案為C。(3)短文主題的歸納(J)Proponentsoffather-attendedchiIdbirthassertthatthefather'sexperienceencourageshimtodeveIopacIoserbondwithhischiId…(2)Asafatherofthreeteenagersfromapreviousmarriage,onemancomparedhispastexperienceasanewfathertobeinginthedeIiveryroomduringthebirthofhisnewborndaughter…(3)WomenreportthattheyaremuchIessanxiousandmoreawareofwhatisgoingonwhentheirhusbandsarewiththemwhentheygivebirth…TheFather-DaughterReIationshipBaby'sFirstViewofLifeDadintheDeIiveryRoom文章共三段，分別給出了各段的主題句。第一段談贊成女子分娩時丈夫陪在其身邊的觀點并認為這一經(jīng)歷有利于將來父子關系的發(fā)展；第二段從男子的角度談妻子分娩時陪在其身邊的感受；第三段則從女子自身的角度提到分娩時有丈夫在身邊會感到踏實、放心。通過對三段主題句的綜合概括，全文共同討論的是:女子分娩時要不要未來的父親候在產(chǎn)房，因此答案為C。考生需具有一定的推理能力閱讀除了需要理解文章的字面語義外，更需要透過字里行間領悟言外之意及作者的語氣、態(tài)度，這就要求讀者具有一定的推理能力。推理的前提就是閱讀到的有關文字一一可能是短語或句子或整個段落甚至整篇短文。讀者必須由表及里、由此及彼，從字里行間悟出合乎作者本意的言外之意。推理的結果應是既來自于字里行間、又高于字里行間；既符合原文實際內涵，又超越實際內涵；既基于已知事實，又不僅僅是已知事實。正確的推理要求：忠于原文，切忌用自己的觀點取代作者原意；注意作者遣詞造句的特點和傾向，客觀推測作者立場、觀點和寫作意圖；由同一已知事實可推出不止一個正確的結論。例：ApartfromtheobviousfactthatrioterstendtocomefromtheIessweII-offsectionofthecommunity,thereisnoevidencethateconomiccircumstanceshaveanycausaIreIationshipwithstreetviolence.ThereissomeevidenceforreIatingeconomiccircumstancestostreetviolence.NotaIIthepeopIeinthecommunityreferredtoarepoor.Thereisnoevidencethateconomiccircumstancesresu11fromstreetviIoence.AlIrioterscomefromthepoorersectionofthecommunity.本例中，只有A可由原文推知，其中Apartfrom所引述的正是經(jīng)濟環(huán)境與暴力的一種相關性；C否定了這一相關性，故與原文相悖；D與原句中“rioterstendtocomefrom…”的原意不符：“往往”不等于“總是”；B則是原文第一部分的重述，不屬推論。三、寫作篇（-）考博作文練習與范文Forthispart,youareaIIowedtowriteacompositiononthetopic:WiIIElectronicBooksReplacePaperBooks?YoushouldwriteatIeast200wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositiononthefollowingoutIinesgiveninChinese.1）有些人認為隨著計算機技術的發(fā)展，電子書籍將取代現(xiàn)在的紙制書本2）有些人認為書本的地位是不可替代的3）我的看法RecentIytherehasbeenaheateddiscussioninaIargenewspaperonwhetherordinarybookswiIIberepIacedbyeIectronicbooks.AsthisisacontroversiaIquestion,Opinionsvaryfrompersontoperson.SomepeopIethinktheappearanceofeIectronicbooksmeanstheendofordinarybooks.Foradiskcanstoremorethanonebook*scontents,andwhateverinformationyouwant,thisistosay,youcanmakeyourowndisks.Thecostislow,besides,itiseasyandconvenienttocarryaround.Wheneveryouareinneed,justputitinacomputerandreadonthescreen.InthissensetorepIacepaperbooksseemsthegeneraItrend.ButifyouprintitoutonaroIIofpaper,inthisway,eIectronicbooksandordinarybooksareintimateIyreIated.EvenifanewdeveIopmentinsoftwareandhardwareisattained,thebasicprinciplesofbookswiIIremainunchangedforaIongtime.SotheothersbeIievethereisnoneedtoworryaboutwhatwiIIhappennext.Whatismore,peopIeareusedtoreadingpaperbooks,withoutwhichtheywiIIbeingreattroubIe.Inmyopinion,Iongexposuretoascreenmaystrainoureyes.Variousvirusesmaydestroyandeveneliminatewhatweneedinstorage.SocompIeterepIacementisimpossible.ImyseIfpreferreadingabooktoscanningascreen.WriteanessayinnoIessthan2000wordsinthetopic“TheSignificanceofHistoryinModernTimes”.YouressayshouldbedeveIopedaccordingtothefollowingoutIines.HistoryhasagreatimpactonaImosteverythinginmoderntimesHistorian'sopiniononthehistoryYouropiniononhistoryThesignificanceofHistoryonModernTimesThereisafamoussayingthathistoryrepeatsitseIf.Infact,whatourancestorsdidorthoughthasgreatimpactonaImosteverythinginmoderntimes,suchasinthefieIdsofscience,are,economy,poIiticsandsoon.Somepeopleevensaythatiftherewerenohistory,therewouIdbenotheworIdwehavenow.SoitisofgreatsignificancetostudyhowhistorypIaysitspartsinmoderntimes.Historiansstatethat,historyis,thefoundationoftheprogressofthemodernworId.It'seasytofindthatmanyachievementswehavegainedareusuaIIybasedonwhatthepreviousgenerationsdreamedof.HistoryhasitsimpactonmoderntimesnotonIyinthescientificfield,butaIsointhesociety.Openthosethickbooksrecordinghistory,itisnotdifficulttofindeverynewempiredidthesamethingtotransformhiscountryandnewruIersthatdidnotdrawIessonsfromhistory,avoidedwhathadaIreadyprovedwrong.NoonefoIIowedthedefeatedleaderifhewouIdIiketoremaininpower.InconeIusion,nomatterhowwethinkabouthistory,itaIwayshasitsinfIuenceonthethingswearedoingnow.YethowitinfIuencesusrestswithwhatwethinkofhistory.SoitisofgreatsignificancetoIearnfromhistoryandtostudyitsimpactonourtimes.Directions:InresponsetothecaIIofusavingwaterresources“oftheWorIdEnvironmentDay,theschoolasksyoutowriteaproposaIon“savingwater”,whichshouldincIude:theimportanceandpresentsituationofwaterresourcesthemeasuresofsavingwatercaIIonaIIthestudentsoftheschooItosavewaterWaterisofgreatimportancetothewhoIeworId.Withoutwater,therewouIdbenopIantsoranimalsontheearthandhumanbeingswouIdnotbeabletoIive.Everyday,weneedwatertodrink,towashandtoproducecertainthings.ButwaterresourcesareveryIimited.Ifwedonotsavewaterfromnowon,weandourchildwouIdbethirstytodeathduetotheIackofwater.InourdailyIife,weshouIdsaveasmuchwateraspossibIe.Weshouldturnofftherunningwaterwheneverwefinishwashing.WecanrecycIewaterasmuchaspossibIe.ForexampIe,wecanuserecycIedwatertofIushourtoiIets.Ifeveryoneofusbeginstosavewaternow,weneedn'tfacetheshortageofwaterinthefutureandourIifewouIdbemorebeautifuI.Ifwedon5tsavewater,wewiIIbefacedwiththedangerofhavingnowater.ProbabIyonedaywewiIIhaveonIyonedropofwater,thatwouIdbeourtear.Directions:Title:InternationaIizationinHigherEducation.WordIimit:atIeast200words.YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbeIow.1）當前形勢2）國際化給教育的啟示3）你的建議InternationaIizationinHigherEducationSineeChinaenteredtheWTOIastyearpeopIeaIIoverChinahavebeenstillfaintwithexcitement.MeanwhiIe,thosewhoworkinthefieldofhighereducationareaIsoshowingtheir,concernovertheissueofinternationaIizationinhighereducation.AsthepresidentofHuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnoIogysays,“HoldhighthegreatbannerofinternationaIizationandbuildupouruniversityintooneofthefirst-cIassuniversitiesbothinChinaandintheworId."aIIthefacuItyinHUSTwiIItakepainstohavemoreprosperousdeveIopmentinthenextseversIdecades.ItisestimatedthattheinternationaIization-orientedprogramwiIIhaveagreatimpactonthedeveIopmentofhighereducation.First,theprogramwillinvestmorefundstodeveIopseveraIadvancedsubjectsandIaboratories.Second,moreteacherswiIIbesentabroadtohavefurtherstudyinordertokeepabreastofthenewestdeveIopmentintheworId.LastbutnotIeast,theprogramwiIIfurtherempIoyweIl-trainedpersonneIfromabroadandencourageChinesestudentsstudyingoverseastoreturnhomeandworkinChina.Ashasbeenmentionedabove,theinternationaIizationofhighereducationwiIIbringuniversitiesintoabrandnewstage.ButweshouIdkeepacIearmindwhenwearecarryingouttheinternationaIization-orientedprograms.Inmyopinion,thegovernments,boththecentraIgovernmentandgovernmentsataIIIeveIs,shouIdincreasetheirinputineducationtorenewandimprovethecurrentteachingfaciIities.Inaddition,theNationaIEducationMinistryshouIdformuIatereIevantandsupportingpoIiciestoattractexceIlentschoIarsfromabroad.IrestassuredthattheinternationaIization-orientedprogramsofhighereducationwiIIIetteachersandstudentsgetbenefitsintheend.Directions:Inthispart,youareexpectedtowriteacompositionentitled“ShouIdChiIdrenGetTheirEducationAbroad?”ofnolessthan200words.YourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutIinesforeachparagraph.PresentsituationDifferentattitudestotowardsthisissueYoursuggestionNowadaysmoreandmoreparentsareshowingtheirconcernaboutsendingtheirchiIdrenabroadtogeteducation.TherecentstatisticsshowsthatthenumberofteenageChinesestudentsgoingabroadhasbeengrowingatarateofaround40percent.ShouldchiIdrengettheireducationabroad?DifferentpeopIetowardsthisissuediffer.Somearguethatstudyingabroadatayoungageisnecessary,whileothersmaintainthatgoingabroadtooearIyisnotgoodforchiIdren'sgrowth.TheformertakestheviewthatoverseasstudycanavoidfiercecompetitioninChinaforcoIIegeadmission.Moreimportant,overseasstudycanbringabouthigherreturnssuchasahighincomeandahighsociaIstatus.ButtheIatterassertsthateIementaryandsecondaryeducationinChinaisasgoodasthatindeveIopedcountries.Bycontrast,chiIdrengoingabroadwillfacebigprobIemssuchaspsychologicaladaptabiIityandIanguagebarrier.SothereisnoneedforparentstosendtheirchiIdrenabroadatayoungage.Inmyopinion,thephenomenonofteenagestudentsstudyingabroadrefIectsthedrawbacksofChina'scurrentschooIsystemandeducationmode.Therefore,IsuggestthatChinashouIdworkoutmorewaystokeepstudentsathome.Forinstance,foreignnamebranduniversitiesmaybeaIIowedtorunschooIortheirbranchesinChina.Irestassuredthatinthisway,high-leveleducationandgoodexperiencemaybeintroducedandwin-winresu11maybeachieved.Directions:Title:OnHonestyandMoraIIntegrityinTaIentMarketWordIimit:atleast200wordsYourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbeIow.thecurrentsituationintaIentmarketthehazardsmadebyfakeweIl-trainedpersonneIthecounter-measuresOnHonestyandMoraIIntegrityinTaientMarketWiththeadventofnewphaseoftheknowIedge-basedeconomy,thetermsof“crisisofcredibility”,uhonestyandmoraIintegrity”and"talentmarketnhaveaIreadybeguntocreepintoourpopuIarvocabuIary.WehavenoticedthefactthatthecrisesofcredibiIitynotonIyoccurinthefieldsoffakecommodities,cheatingadvertisements,etc.,butaIsoappearinthetalentmarket,withwhichfakedipIomas,counterfeitdegrees,andfaIseresumesarefIooded.TherearemanyhazardscausedbyfakeweIl-trainedpersonneI,butIthinkthemainthreeonesareasfoIIows:First,thevaIuescanbeconfused.SomepeopIewiIIIosetheirjudgmentswhichisrightorwrong.Second,theacademiccorruptionwiIIresu11inthecoIIapseofsociaIspirit.LastbutnotIeast,creativepersonneIcannotbefosteredinsuchasituationfIoodedwithfakedipIomasandcounterfeitdegrees.Ashasbeenmentionedabove,aconeIusioncanbedrawnthatsomecounter-measuresshouIdbetakeninnotime.ForexampIe,asociaIservicesystemofdiscriminatingreaIthingsfromfaIseonesshouIdbeestabIished.WeneedtoeffectiveIyimprovesociaIcredibiIityandgraduaIIydeveIopmoraIstandardsthroughoutsocietybasedonhonestyandmoraIintegrity.Inaddition,LegaIeducationshouIdbestrengthenedandtheawarenessofIawsamongaIIcitizensshouIdberaised.OnIybytakingtheseeffectivemeasurescanhonestyandmoraIintegrityberootedinourtalentmarketandmoreandmoreweIl-trainedpersonneIbesprungup.Writeashortcompositionofabout200wordsonthetopicgivenbelow:Topic:EducationandtheMarketSampIe1AsthesociaIistmarketeconomyinChinaisexpanding,educationisbecomingmorecIoseIyreIatedtothemarket.Inabroadsense,aIIthemodernsocietyisbasedontheoriented-economy.Aspartofthesociety,educationcannotbeseparatedfromthemarket.11canbesaid,withouttheformer,therewouIdbeno“thelatter”,forthetrainingofprofessionaIsindifferentfieldsandthedeveIopmentofscientifictechnoIogydependoneducation.Therefore,itisgeneraIIybeIievedthateducationservesthemarket,andtheIatter,inturn,supportstheformer:market'sneedandmarket'sfinancearethebIoodIineofschooIs.Thereasonforeducationtoenterthemarketisobvious.Asadevelopingcountry,ChinaisnotIikeIytoinvestahugeamountofmoneyineducationinthenearfuture.Educationhastoturntothemarkettofinditsownway.Itisimportanttonotethatteachers'wayofproductionistoteachandtrainstudents.Thestudents,knowIedgeisaninvisibleproduct.Inaddition,theirservicestostudentsandtoenabIestudentstobemorecompetitiveinjobhunting.The21stcenturyisaninformationage.ComputerdominatesthewhoIeworId.Informationbecomescommodity.Thesameistrueoftheotherfieldsofknowledge,ascomputerisacombinationsofartsandscience.Whatismore,studentsenterthetaIentmarket,soitisamatterofcourseforeducationenterthemarket.SampIe2WiththeadventofthesociaIistmarketeconomyinChina,theterms“marketeconomyn,“talentmarketnanduknowIedge-basedeconomy"havebeguntocreepintothepopuIarvocabuIary.NoonecandenythefactthateducationisbecomingmorecIoseIyreIatedtothemarket.ThemoreeducationdeveIops,themoreprosperousthemarketwiIIbe.Inmyopinion,thereareseversIreasonsforeducationtoenterthemarket,butthemainreasonisasfoIIows.Asadevelopingcountry,ChinaisnotIikeIytoinvestahugeamountofmoneyineducationinthenearfuture.Educationhastoturntothemarkettofinditsownway.Forinstance,universitiesshouIdberunnotonIybythecountrybutaIsobytheindividuaIsorenterprises.PrivateuniversitiescanIetmorehighschooIstudentshavehighereducationandoffermorechancesforemorepeopIetobeempIoyed.Moreimportant,privateuniversitieswiIIchaIIengethepubIicuniversitiesinordertobesurvived.AsaresuIt,eliteuniversitieswiIIbebui11becauseofintensecompetition.Ashasbeenmeritionedabove,aconeIusioncanbedrawnthateducationshouIdenterthemarket.WiththeheIpofmarket,educationcanbedeveIopedfasterandmoreandmorehigh-quaIitytaIentswillbetrainedandservethesociety.Inaword,educationandmarketareatextbookmarriage.Directions:Title:OnContinuingEducationWordIimit:atleast200wordsYoucompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbeIow.ThecurrentsituationThepurposesofcontinuingeducationYourattitudeOnContinuingEducationWiththerapiddeveIopmentofscienceandtechnoIogy,moreandmorepeopIeareshowingtheirconcernovertheissueofcontinuingeducation.SomepeopIethinkaboutthematterverysimpIisticaIIy.TheyonIywanttogetadipIoma.WhilemostknowledgerequiredtoperformresponsibIyin