騰科教育hcnp課件-mpls協(xié)議原理

前言本課程分析了傳統(tǒng)IP在轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)速率、Qos和流量工程方面的缺陷，介紹了MPLS轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的基本特點(diǎn)。Page1培訓(xùn)目標(biāo)學(xué)完本課程后，您應(yīng)該能：描述IP轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)流程描述IP轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的缺點(diǎn)解釋MPLS轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)基本原理描述MPLS應(yīng)用Page2MPLS概述MPLS基本原理

MPLS環(huán)路檢測Page3MPLS概述傳統(tǒng)IP轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)MPLS

轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)特點(diǎn)MPLS應(yīng)用Page4傳統(tǒng)IP轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)SWASWBSWCSWD/24/24

v1

v1

/30

v2

v2/30

v3

v3/30/30/30DataPage5傳統(tǒng)IP轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)(SWA)SWA/24

v1

/30NetworkNexthop/24/32/30/32/30/30/24/30

DataPage6Page7傳統(tǒng)IP轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)(SWB)SWB

v1/30

v2

/30NetworkNexthop/24/30/32/30/32/30/24Page8傳統(tǒng)IP轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)(SWC)SWC

v2/30

v3

/30NetworkNexthop/24/30/30/32/300/320/240傳統(tǒng)IP轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)(SWD)SWD

v3/30/24Page9NetworkNexthop/24/30/30/300/32/24/32/30傳統(tǒng)IP轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)在流量工程方面的缺陷SWASWBSWDSWESWCNetwork

ASWFSWGSWHGEPage10GEFEFEFE100%

Traffic100%

TrafficNetwork

CNetwork

BMPLS轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)SWBSWCSWD/24

v2

v2

/30

v3

v3

/30/32SWA

v1

v1/30DataIPHeaderMPLS1024DataIPHeaderMPLS

HeaderDataIP

Header1029DataIPHeader1039DataIPHeaderDataIPHeader/24Page11MPLS應(yīng)用ABABMPLSPEPEPEPEPPPPCECECECECECECECEABABPage12MPLS

TE應(yīng)用SWASWBSWDSWENetwork

BPage13Network

CSWCNetwork

ASWFSWGSWHGEGEFEFE70%

TrafficFE70%

Traffic30%

Traffic30%

TrafficMPLSQos應(yīng)用Network

ANetwork

BPEPEPPCECEMPLSClassify

TrafficMap

toDSCPMap

into

labelMap

DSCP

toEXPPQ/CQ/CBQ

accordingto

EXPPage14Page15MPLS概述MPLS基本原理MPLS環(huán)路檢測MPLS基本原理MPLS基本結(jié)構(gòu)MPLS

格式MPLS轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)流程傳統(tǒng)IP轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)Page161039DataIPHeader1029DataIPHeader1024DataIPHeaderMPLS網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型SWASWBSWCSWDIP

NetworkLERIP

NetworkLERSWFSWGLSRSWEMPLSLSPDataIPHeaderDataIPHeaderLER

Label

Edge

RouterLSR

Label

Switch

RouterLSP

Label

Switch

PathPage17MPLS結(jié)構(gòu)Routing

ProtocolLabel

DistributionProtocolLabel

Forwarding

Table控制平面交換路由信息IP

Forwarding

TableIP

Routing

Table數(shù)據(jù)平面交換發(fā)送帶

報文發(fā)送IP報文接收帶

報文接收IP報文Page18MPLS基本原理MPLS基本結(jié)構(gòu)MPLS

格式MPLS轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)流程傳統(tǒng)IP轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)Page19Page20幀模式MPLSFrameHeaderIP

HeaderPayloadFrameHeaderMPLSHeaderIP

HeaderPayload二層幀格式MPLS幀模式封裝MPLS

HeaderMPLS頭部總長度為4bytes(32bits)Label長度20bitsEXP（Experimental

Use）長度3bitsS（Bottom

of

Stack）長度1bitTTL長度8bitsLABELEXPSTTL03119

2022

23

24Page21MPLS嵌套FrameHeaderLabel

1Label

2Label

3IP

HeaderPayloadS=0

S=0S=1PID=MPLS-IPPID

標(biāo)識二層頭部后面的報文類型Ethernet

0x0800

IPv4

0x8847

MPLS

單播報文0x8848

MPLS多播報文PPP

0x8021

IPv4

0x8281

MPLS

單播報文0x8283MPLS多播報文S

標(biāo)識是否是棧底嵌套應(yīng)用MPLSMPLS

TEPage22MPLS基本原理MPLS基本結(jié)構(gòu)MPLS

格式MPLS轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)流程傳統(tǒng)IP轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)Page23MPLS轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)－Ingress

LERSWBSWCSWD/24/24

v2

v2/30

v3

v3

/30/32SWA

v1

v1/30

DataMPLS1030DataIPHeader/30/30Page24MPLS轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)－Ingress

LERFEC：Forwarding

Equivalence

Classes（轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)等價類）NHLFE：Next

Hop

Label

Forwarding

Entry

（下一跳

轉(zhuǎn)項）<SWA>displaympls

lsp

include

24

verboseLSP

Information:

LDP

LSPNo

:VrfIndex

:1Fec

:/24Nexthop

:In-Label

:NULLOut-Label

:1030In-Interface

:------Out-Interface

:Vlanif1LspIndex

:10249Token

:0x22005LsrType

:IngressOutgoing

token

:0x0Label

Operation

:PUSHMpls-Mtu

:1500TimeStamp

:822secPage25MPLS轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)－Ingress

LER（SWA）FTN：FEC

to

NHLFE（到

HLFE）SWBSWCSWD/24/24

v1

v1

/30

v2

v2

/30

v3

v3

/30/32SWAMPLS/30/30FECNHLFENextHopOut

InterfaceLabelOperationOthersVlanif1Push……

Data1030DataIPHeaderPage26MPLS轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)－LSR

（SWB）SWBSWCSWD/24/24

v2

v2

/30

v3

v3/30/32SWA

v1

v1/30MPLS1030DataIPHeader

Data1030DataIPHeader/30/30Page27MPLS轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)－LSR

(SWB)ILMing

LabelMap<SWB>display

mpls

lsp

include

24

in-label

1030

verboseLSP

Information:

LDP

LSPPage28No

:1VrfIndex

:Fec

:/24Nexthop

:In-Label

:1030Out-Label

:1030In-Interface

:------Out-Interface

:Vlanif2LspIndex

:10256Token

:0x2200cLsrType

:TransitOutgoing

token

:0x0Label

Operation

:SWAPMpls-Mtu

:1500TimeStamp

:11100secMPLS轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)－LSR

(SWC)InLabelNHLFENextHopOut

InterfaceLabelOperationOthers10300Vlanif3SWAP……SWBSWCSWD/24/24/30/30v1v2v2v3v3/30/32SWAv1MPLS1030DataIPHeaderData1030DataIPHeaderDataIPHeader1032/30/30Page29MPLS數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)－LSR

（SWC）<SWC>display

mpls

lsp

include

24

in-label

1030

verboseLSP

Information:

LDP

LSPPage30No

:1VrfIndex

:Fec

:/24Nexthop

:0In-Label

:1030Out-Label

:1032In-Interface

:--Out-Interface

:Vlanif3LspIndex

:10268Token

:0x22015LsrType

:TransitOutgoing

token

:0x0Label

Operation

:SWAPMpls-Mtu

:1500TimeStamp

:40secMPLS轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)－Egress

LER

（SWD）InLabelNHLFENextHopOut

InterfaceLabel

OperationOthers1032-POP……SWBSWCSWD/24/24

v2

v2

/30

v3

v3/30/32SWA

v1

v1/30MPLS1030

Data

Data1030

Data1030

Data103

Data/30

Data/30Page31MPLS轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)－Egress

LER

（SWD）<SWD>display

mpls

lsp

include

24

in-label

1032

verboseLSP

Information:

LDP

LSPPage32No

:1VrfIndex

:Fec

:/24Nexthop

:In-Label

:1032Out-Label

:NULLIn-Interface

:--Out-Interface

:--LspIndex

:10258Token

:0x0LsrType

:EgressOutgoing

token

:0x0Label

Operation

:POPMpls-Mtu

:---TimeStamp

:924secTimeStamp

:40secMPLS概述MPLS基本原理MPLS環(huán)路檢測Page33MPLS環(huán)路檢測MPLS

TTL環(huán)路檢測LDP環(huán)路檢測Page34Page35MPLS環(huán)路檢測IGP環(huán)路檢測機(jī)制TTL環(huán)路檢測幀模式的MPLS中使用TTL信元模式的MPLS中無TTLLDP環(huán)路檢測機(jī)制距離向量法最大跳數(shù)法MPLS對TTL的處理/24/24

v1

v1

/30

v2

v2

/30

v3

v3

/30MPLS/3SWA2/32SWB/32SWC/32SWD10109108Label

TTLIPTTLIPTTL減1，并拷貝到Label

TTL7810IP

TTL不變，LabelTTL減1Label

TTL減1，拷貝回

IPTTL.Page36MPLS

TTL配置與實(shí)例分析MPLS/32SWA

v1

v1/30/32SWB

v2

v2

/30/32SWC

v3

v3/30/32SWDSWJSWK/30v3v3/30v1v1<SWJ>-h

11

Page37MPLS

TTL配置與實(shí)例分析<SWA>debug

mpls

packet<SWA>debug

ip

packet

acl

3000<SWA>terminal

monitor<SWA>terminal

debugging*0.86297391

SWA

IP/8/debug_case:Receiving,

interface

=

Serial3,

version

=

4,

headlen

=

20,

tos

=

0,pktlen

=

84,

pktid

=

2273,

offset

=

0,

ttl

=

11,

protocol

=

1,checksum

=

37572,

s

=

,

d

=

prompt:

Receiving

IP

packet

from

Serial3*0.86297391

SWA

IP/8/debug_case:Sending,

interface

=

Serial3,

version

=

4,

headlen

=

20,

tos

=

0,pktlen

=

84,

pktid

=

2273,

offset

=

0,

ttl

=

10,

protocol

=

1,checksum

=

37572,

s

=

,

d

=

prompt:

Sending

the

packet

by

lsp*0.86297391

SWA

MFW/8/MPLSF

CKET:PUSH

Label=1030,

EXP=0,

TTL=10Sending

to

V1,

PktLen=88,

Label(s)=1030,

EXP=0,

TTL=10Page38MPLS

TTL配置與實(shí)例分析<SWB>debug

mpls

packet<SWB>debug

ip

packet

acl

3000<SWB>terminal

monitor<SWB>terminal

debugging*0.189653734

SWB

MFW/8/MPLSF

CKET:Receiving

from

V1,

PktLen=88,

Label(s)=1030,

EXP=0,

TTL=10SWAP

Label=1029,

EXP=0,

TTL=9Sending

to

V2,

PktLen=88,

Label(s)=1029,

EXP=0,

TTL=9<SWC>debug

mpls

packet<SWC>debug

ip

packet

acl

3000<SWC>terminal

monitor<SWC>terminal

debugging*0.189533719

SWC

MFW/8/MPLSF

CKET:Receiving

from

V2,

PktLen=88,

Label(s)=1029,

EXP=0,

TTL=9SWAP

Label=3,

TTL=8Sending

to

V3,

Dest=,

Nexthop=0Page39MPLS

TTL配置與實(shí)例分析<SWD>debug

mpls

packet<SWD>debug

ip

packet

acl

3000<SWD>terminal

monitor<SWD>terminal

debugging*0.64991297

SWD

IP/8/debug_case:Receiving,

interface

=

Serial3,

version

=

4,

headlen

=

20,

tos

=

0,pktlen

=

84,

pktid

=

2273,

offset

=

0,

ttl

=

8,

protocol

=

1,checksum

=

38340,

s

=

,

d

=

prompt:

Receiving

IP

packet

from

Serial3*0.64991297

SWD

IP/8/debug_case:Sending,

interface

=

Serial1,

version

=

4,

headlen

=

20,

tos

=

0,pktlen

=

84,

pktid

=

2273,

offset

=

0,

ttl

=

7,

protocol

=

1,checksum

=

38596,

s

=

,

d

=

prompt:

Sending

the

packet

from

Serial3

at

Serial1<SWJ>tracert

Page40tracerouteto()

30

hops

max,40

bytes

packet1

31ms 32

ms 1

ms2

62ms94ms62ms3

94ms94ms94ms4

0

125

ms 125

ms 125

ms5

156

ms 156

ms 156

msMPLS對TTL的處理/24/24

v1

v1

/30

v2

v2

/30

v3

v3

/30MPLS/3SWA2/32SWB/32SWC/32SWD255102541010Label

TTLIPTTLIPTTL

減1，但不拷貝Label

TTL。LabelTTL

強(qiáng)制設(shè)為255925310IP

TTL

不變，Label

TTL

減1。Label

TTL

減1，去掉標(biāo)簽。Page41MPLS

TTL配置與實(shí)例分析MPLS/32SWA

v1

v1/30/32SWB

v2

v2

/30/32SWC

v3

v3/30/32SWDSWJSWK/30v3v3/30v1v1[SW]mpls[SW-mpls]undo

ttl

propagate

public<SWJ>-h

11

Page42MPLS

TTL配置與實(shí)例分析<SWA>debug

mpls

packet<SWA>debug

ip

packet

acl

3000<SWA>terminal

monitor<SWA>terminal

debugging*0.81886516

SWA

IP/8/debug_case:Receiving,

interface

=

Serial3,

version

=

4,

headlen

=

20,

tos

=

0,pktlen

=

84,

pktid

=

1318,

offset

=

0,

ttl

=

11,

protocol

=

1,checksum

=

38527,

s

=

,

d

=

prompt:

Receiving

IP

packet

from

Serial3*0.81886516

SWA

IP/8/debug_case:Sending,

interface

=

Serial3,

version

=

4,

headlen

=

20,

tos

=

0,pktlen

=

84,

pktid

=

1318,

offset

=

0,

ttl

=

10,

protocol

=

1,checksum

=

38527,

s

=

,

d

=

prompt:

Sending

the

packet

by

lsp*0.81886516

SWA

MFW/8/MPLSF

CKET:PUSH

Label=1030,

EXP=0,

TTL=255Sending

to

V1,

PktLen=88,

Label(s)=1030,

EXP=0,

TTL=255Page43MPLS

TTL配置與實(shí)例分析<SWD>debug

mpls

packet<SWD>debug

ip

packet

acl

3000<SWD>terminal

monitor<SWD>terminal

debugging*0.99910344

SWD

IP/8/debug_case:Receiving,

interface

=

Serial3,

version

=

4,

headlen

=

20,

tos

=

0,pktlen

=

84,

pktid

=

9625,

offset

=

0,

ttl

=

10,

protocol

=

1,checksum

=

30476,

s

=

,

d

=

prompt:

Receiving

IP

packet

from

Serial3*0.99910344

SWD

IP/8/debug_case:Sending,

interface

=

Serial1,

version

=

4,

headlen

=

20,

tos

=

0,pktlen

=

84,

pktid

=

9625,

offset

=

0,

ttl

=

9,

protocol

=

1,checksum

=

30732,

s

=

,

d

=

prompt:

Sending

the

packet

from

Serial3

at

Serial1Page44MPLS/32SWA

v1

v1/30/32SWB

v2

v2

/30/32SWC

v3

v3/30/32SWDSWK/30v3v3/30v1v1MPLS

TTL配置與實(shí)例分析SWJ<SWJ>tracert

traceroute

to ()

30

hops

max,40

bytes

packet1

31

ms 31

ms2

0

156

ms 94

ms32

ms125

ms3

125

ms 125

ms 125

msPage45MPLS/32SWA

v1

v1/30/32SWB

v2

v2

/30/32SWC

v3

v3/30/32SWDSWJSWK/30v3v3/30v1v1MPLS

TTL配置與實(shí)例分析1The traceroute

packetwith

TTL=1

is

dropped

bySwitchADiscardPage46

v1

v1

/30

v2

v2

/30

v3

v3/30MPLS/3SWA2/32SWB/32SWC/32SWDSWJSWK/30v3v3/30v1v1MPLS

TTL配置與實(shí)例分析2The traceroute

packet

withTTL=1

is

dropped

by

SwitchADiscard255125411Page47TTL和環(huán)路檢測/24/24/30

v1

v1

/30v2MPLS/3SWA2/32SWBv2/32SWC

v3

v3/30/32SWD1010910Label

TTLIP

TTL7810710…….110Page48MPLS環(huán)路檢測MPLS

TTL環(huán)路檢測LDP環(huán)路檢測Page49LDP路徑向量法/24/24MPLS/32SWA

v1

v1/30/32SWB

v2

v2

/30/32SWC

v3

v3/30/32SWDLabel

Request(length

1

)()Label

Request(length

2)

)(,)Label

Request(length

3))(,,)Label

Request(length

2))(,)DiscardPage50LDP最大跳數(shù)法/24/24MPLS/32SWA

v1

v1/30/32SWB

v2

v2

/30/32SWC

v3

v3/30/32SWDLabel

Request(Count=1)Label

Request(Count=2)Label

Request(Count=3)Label

Request(Count=3)DiscardLabel

Request(Count=4)Label

Request(Count=5)Page51LDP環(huán)路檢測基本配置[SWC-mpls-ldp]display

mpls

ldpLDPGlobal

InformationProtocol

Version :

V1Neighbor

Liveness

:600SecGraceful

Restart :

OffFT

Reconnect

Timer

:300SecMTU

Signaling :

OnRecovery

Timer

:300SecLDPInstance

InformationInstance

ID :

0-Instance

:LSR

IDPath

Vector

Limit:

:

32Instance

StatusHop

Count

LimitLoop