高級英語課件第一冊第二課Hiroshima the Liveliest City in Japan

UnitTwo

Hiroshima–the“l(fā)iveliest”cityinJapan

UnitTwo

Hiroshima–the1TeachingObjectivesofLesson2ToacquaintstudentswiththehistoricalfactsoftheatomicbombardmentinHiroshimaanditsimpactuponpeople’slives.ToacquaintstudentswithJapanandhertraditionsrevealedinthetext.Toenablestudentstoappreciatethereportorialwriting,i.e.factsandopinions.TeachingObjectivesofLesson2MorepicturesAtthetimethisphotowasmade,smokeroseto20,000feetaboveHiroshimaAerialphotographfromthe80kilometersawayoftheInlandSea,takenabout1hourafterthedropping.Thehugeatomiccloud,6August,1945Morepictures3TheAtomicBombDome

HiroshimaPeaceMemorial,aremnantofthecityatgroundzeroofitsnuclearbombardmentTheAtomicBombDome

Hiroshima4TheruinsoftheInstituteofIndustrialDevelopment,withitswarpeddome,werepreservedasasymboloftheterrorof

destruction.TheruinsoftheInstituteof5Agirlwithherskinhanginginstrips,atOhmuraNavy

HospitalonAugust10-11.LunchBox-TheAtomicShadow--TheshadowsoftheparapetswereimprintedontheroadsurfaceoftheYorozuyoBridge,1/2ofamilesouth-southwestofthehypocenter.TheleavesofthisFatsiajaponicathrewashadowonanelectricpoleneartheMeijiBridge.bottleAgirlwithherskinhangingi6ChoiceofTarget--HiroshimaSomemilitarycampswerelocatednearbysuchastheheadquartersoftheFifthDivisionandFieldMarshalHata's2ndGeneralArmyHeadquarters,whichcommandedthedefenseofallofsouthernJapan.HiroshimawasamajorsupplyandlogisticsbasefortheJapanesemilitary.Thecitywasacommunicationscenter,astoragepoint,andanassemblyareafortroops.Itwaschosenasatargetbecauseithadnotsuffereddamagefrompreviousbombingraids,allowinganidealenvironmenttomeasurethedamagecausedbytheatomicbomb.Thecityasawholewashighlysusceptibletofiredamage.ChoiceofTarget--HiroshimaSo7EffectsofanAtomicBombExplosionThedevastationofHiroshimaandNagasakiresultedfromthreemaintypesofeffects:blast,thermalradiation,andnuclearradiation.

Ofthese,onlytheblasteffectissignificantforchemicalhighexplosives.Theblasteffectofanatomicbombissimilartothatofaconventionalexplosivebutmuchmoreintenseandfar-reaching.Thermalradiation,whichresultsfromtheextremelyhightemperaturescreatedbyanatomicexplosion,causesseriousburnsonexposedpartsofthebodyandmayignitefiresoverawideradius.Nuclearradiation,whichresultsfromtheneutronsandgammaraysassociatedwithfission,causesdeathandinjuryasaresultofdamagetolivingtissue.EffectsofanAtomicBombExpl8Thedamage:Destroyingalmosteverythingwithinaradiusof6,000to8,000feet(1.830-2,450meters).Altogetheranareaof13sq.Ikm.(5sq.mi.)wasreducedtoashesandofthe76,000buildingsinthecity62.9%weredestroyedandonly8%escapeddamage（amongthemwereearthquake-resistantbuildings）.Over71,000peoplewerekilledinstantly.Manymorelaterdiedofinjuriesandtheeffectsofradiation.Survivorsarestilldyingofleukemia(白血病),perniciousanemia(惡性貧血癥),etc.Theradiationgeneratedbythebombcausedlong-termproblemstothoseaffected.Manypeoplediedwithinthefirstfewmonthsandmanymoreinsubsequentyearsbecauseofradiationexposure.Somepeoplehadgeneticproblemswhichsometimesresultedinhavingmalformedbabiesorbeingunabletohavechildren.Itisbelievedthatmorethan140,000peoplediedbytheendoftheyear.Thetotalnumberofpeoplewhohavediedduetothebombisestimatedtobe200,000.Thedamage:Destroyingalmoste9

Whenwewereplayingintheschoolground,anairplanecame,butwekeptonplaying,onlysaying"Whydidtheygivetheall-clear?"Allofasudden,therewassomethinglikelighteningandIcoveredmyfacewithmyhands.WhenIopenedmyeyesandlookedaround,itwasdarkandIcouldn'tseeanything.WhileIwasfeelingaroundinthedarkness,itbecamelight.Iwasthinkingofgoinghome,andIfoundthatallthehousesaroundmehadbeendestroyedandfireswereburninghereandthere.Istartedrunninghome,cryingandcalling,"Mother!Mother!"ButIcouldn'ttellwheremyhousehadbeen.Ijustwentaroundthiswayandthat,andthenIheardmysistercallingmyname.IwasshockedwhenIsawher,becauseshewasstainedwithbloodallover.Ilookedatmyself;theskinofbothmyarmsandfeethadpeeledawayandwashangingoff.Ididn'tknowwhatallthismeant,andIwasfrightened,soIburstintotears.Meanwhile,MotherhadcrawledoutfromthepileoftilesanddraggedanovercoatandFather'scloakoutofatrunkandwrappedusinthem.WespentthenightinYasuShrineinGion.Becauseoftheirburns,everyonewascryingforwaterallnight.Thenextmorning,weweretakenbytrucktoaBuddhisttempleinKabe.Thatnight,mysisterdied.HowcanIdescribeMother‘sgrief?HowcanIdescribethehorriblescenesIsawinthetemplethen?Whocanimaginethemiserieswewentthroughexceptthosewhoweretherethemselves?Itisentirelybeyondmypowertoputtheterriblesightintowords.Countlesspeoplesufferingfromburnsandwounds,groaningwithpain,theirbodiescoveredwithmaggots（蛆）,anddyingindelirium（精神錯亂）,oneafteranother.Itwashellonearth.AnaccountbyMasatadaAsaeda--3rdGradeStudentin1945

AnaccountbyMasatada10GeneralIntroductionoftheTextWhattypeofwritingisthetext?Howmanysectionsisthetextdivided?Whatisthetheme,tone,mood,pointofviewofthetext?

Narrativewriting(timeorder)Section1--ArrivalatHiroshima(para1-7)Section2–Dinnerwiththemayor(para8-27)Section3–Interviewwiththepatient(para28-39)--Theterribleeffectofnuclearweaponsuponpeopleandtheirlives.Aprotesttonuclearweaponsisvoiced--Thetone(meaningthewaytheauthorfeelsorthinksaboutthesubjectofthestory):bitter,upset,sad,ironic)--Pointofview:firstpersonparticipantGeneralIntroductionoftheTe11SectionOne–ArrivalatHiroshimaA.QuestionsforDiscussion1.Whatdoyouknowabouttheauthor?nationality;occupation;aimofthevisit2.Howdidthewriterfeelatthearrival?

3.WhathaveyoulearnedaboutHiroshimaandpeopletherefromthissection?SectionOne–ArrivalatHiros121.Whatdoyouknowabouttheauthor?AnAmericanAreporterwhohadtakenmanyreportorialassignments.Toprove/findoutwhetherHiroshimaistheliveliestcityintheworld.2.Howdidthewriterfeelatthearrival?bitter,sad;guilty,depressed

Ihadalumpinmythroat—Iwaschokedwithemotion;IwassoovercomewithemotionthatIcouldnotspeakorthinkclearly.(afeelingofpressurecausedbyrepressedemotion)hadalotofsadthoughtsonmymind–Iwasoccupiedwithsomesadthoughts.Theveryactofsteppingonthissoil,inbreathingthisair…:ThefactthatIwasinHiroshimawasinitselfamuchmoreexcitingexperienceformethananytripIhadtakenoranyreportingworkIhaddoneinthepast.WasInotatthesceneofthecrime?---thedroppingoftheA-bombonHiroshima(rhetoricalquestion)1.Whatdoyouknowaboutthe133.WhathaveyoulearnedaboutHiroshimaandpeopletherefromthissection?Advancedintechnology(rapiddevelopmentafterWWII,thefastesttrain–magnetictrain(517m/hr)JapanandGermany

anobviousconflictbetweenwesterninfluencesandthetraditionalcustoms,theyexistsidebyside

teenagersandwomen—inwesterndress,miniskirt(fashionablegroups)

littlegirlsandelderladies–inkimonos(kidsandoldoneskeepthetradition)narrowstreets,traditionalhousesonboatstallbuildings,beigeconcreteskyscrapers

constantbowingtoeachother

tourismatmosphere

thecab-driver’sbehaviortowardstravelers

knowinglittleoftheway,avoidlosingface,3.Whathaveyoulearnedabout14WordsandExpressions…onmymindvs.inmind—worriedabout惦記,憂慮

e.g.Mymothermusthavesomethingimportantonhermind.Iknowitfromthatlookonherface.

我母親心里一定在惦記什么重要事情.我從她臉上的表情可以看出來.I’vehadmyfather’sillnessonmymindallday.

我整天都為父親的病情擔(dān)憂.Havesomethinginmind:remember;thinkof/plantodoe.g.Haveyouanyoneinmindforthejob?

對于這項工作,你心中有什么人選?Whatdoyouhaveinmindtodowithhim?

對于他,你打算怎么辦?WordsandExpressions…onmymi15pop

e.g.Oneofballoonspopped.Champagnecorkswerepoppingthroughoutthecelebrations.

(burst(open)withashort,sharp,slightlyexplosivesound(onomatopoeia)

Themagicianhadrealrabbitspoppingoutofhishat.Yousolveoneproblemandanotherwouldimmediatelypopup

(appearunexpectedly)Myeyespoppedatthesightatthevarietyoffoodondisplay.(looksurprised)Ipoppedthemagazineintothebagwhenmyfathercamein.(putsthquickly)lurchedfromsidetosidescreechedtoahaltIfoundmyselfinfrontof…(withoutpurpose,unexpectedly)Theusherheavedalong,almostmusicalsigh…istheverysymboloftheincessantstrugglebetweenthekimonoandtheminiskirttheveryactofsteppingattheonthissoil…pop16

Theuseandfunctionof‘littles’inthissection:

littlegirls/littlebows/littleredtelephones/knowlittleoftheircity/sketchalittlemap/littleoldJapan/littlefloatinghouse(para.8)(大日本帝國—小日本)chauvinism(沙文主義)—astrong,unreasonablebeliefthatyourowncountryismoreimportantandmorallybetterthanotherpeople’s.chauvinistic

theuseandfunctionofseven‘littles’inthissection:大男人,大丈夫,大小伙子,小女人,小媳婦,小丫頭,

Theuseandfuncti17翻譯練習(xí)1.他干的事與我毫不相干.(havelittletodowith)2.她睡不著覺,女兒的病使她心事重重.(onone’smind)3.他陷入沉思中,沒有理會同伴們在談些什么.(beobliviousof)4.我喜歡教師這個職業(yè),這樣,我有機會和年輕人在一起.(rubshoulderswith)5.他擁有如此眾多的迷本身就說明了他是一個成功的歌手.(theverysymbol)6.一看見紀念碑就想起了在戰(zhàn)斗中死去的戰(zhàn)友.(theverysightof)7.時間飛逝.(flash)1.Whathedidhasnothingtodowithme.2.Shecouldn’tfallasleepasherdaughter’sillnesswasverymuchonhermind.3.Hewassodeepinthoughtthathewasobliviousofwhathisfriendsweretalkingabout.4.Ilikebeingateacher,whichgivesmeachanceofrubbingshoulderswithyoungpeople.5.Thathehassomanyfansistheverysymbolofhissuccessasasinger.(Theveryfactofhishavingsomanyfansshowsthatheisasuccessfulsinger)6.Theverysightofthemonumentremindsmeofmygoodfriendwhowaskilledinthebattle.7.Timeisflashingby.翻譯練習(xí)1.他干的事與我毫不相干.(havel18Sectiontwo–DinnerwiththemayorQuestionsforDiscussion

Whatdidthewriterexpecttohearatthedinner?Howdidhefeel?WhathaveyoulearnedaboutHiroshima,itspeopleandJapanesecustomsfromthissection?Thewriterwasironicalandhumorous.Findwordsandexpressionsthatshowthem.Findalltheexpressionstheauthorhasusedtoaddressthebombardmentsofar.Sectiontwo–Dinnerwiththem19

Whatdidthewriterexpecttohearatthedinner?

Howdidhefeel?

(ThewriterexpectedtohearsometalksabouthowpeopleinHiroshimawereaffectedbytheatomicbombardment.)

thestrangeemotionwhichhadoverwhelmedme…returnedIwasagaincrushedbythethoughtthatInowstoodatthesiteofthefirstatomicbombardment,wherethousandsuponthousandsofpeoplehadbeenslain,wherethousandsuponthousandsofothershadlingeredontodieinslowagonyasinhibitedasIwas…thefacesgrewmoreandmoreseriouseachtimethenameHiroshimawasrepeatedThecompanymoreandmoreagitatedjoltingmeoutofmysadreveriereverie—dreamythinking,esp.ofagreeablethings;thestateofbeingabsorbedindreamlikecontemplation;daydreaming

Whatdidthewriterexpect20WhathaveyoulearnedaboutHiroshima,

itspeopleandJapanesecustomsfromthissection?

astunning,porcelain-facedwoman

traditionalwhitemake-up,lookslikeporcelainastunningpersonorthingisextremelybeautifulorimpressive.tatamimatting,walkinginsocksWhathaveyoulearnedaboutHi21Twoschoolsofthoughtabouttheremainsofthebombardment1)topreservethetracesofthebombing2)togetridofeverything,todemolishthemDebateontheabovetwoideasTwoschoolsofthoughtaboutt22Thewriterwasironicalandhumorous.Findwordsandexpressionsthatshowthem.

Treadingcautiouslyonthetatami(IwasnotaccustomedtowalkinginmysockssoIwalkedcarefully,fearingthatsomethingunpleasantordangerousmighthappen)Experiencingatwingeofembarrassment…attheprospectofmeetingthemayorinmysocksAfterthreedaysinJapan,thespinalcolumnbecomesextraordinaryflexibleTheanti-climax—humororsurprise(para18)Thewriterwasironicalandhu23

WordsandExpressions…lingeredontodieinslowagony

(transferredepithet)

agony—greatpainorsufferingofmindorbody極度的痛苦

linger—belateorslowingoingaway.e.g.Helovedtheplacesomuchthathelingeredaboutaftereveryoneelsehadleft.Thecustomof….lingerson(isstillobservedbutisnowveryweak)Thememorylingeredonforyears.Alingeringfearofswimmingaftertheaccidenttoinhibit—topreventsomethingorslowitdown,ortopreventsomeonefromdoingsth.e.g.Thehighpriceinhibitspeoplefrombuyingbighouses.Governmentofficialsareinhibitedfromrunningbusiness.(sb)feelsinhibited—ifyousaysomeonefeelsinhibited,youmeantheyfinditdifficulttobehavenaturallyandyouthinkitisabadthing.WordsandExpressions24agitated–feelworriedandupset,andshowthisinthebehavior,movements,orvoicee.g.Susanseemedagitatedaboutsomething.Themaninthehousewasinaveryexcitedandagitatedstate.Agitation,agitate.e.g.Thethoughtagitatesher.Danlitacigarette,tryingtomaskheragitationsinkin被完全理解，深深印入腦中e.g.Ithinkthelessonhassunkin:hewon’tmakethesamemistakeagain.Theteacherhasexplainedittwice,butI‘mafraiditstillhasnotsunkin.Irepeatedittillthewordssankin.agitated–feelworriedandup251)Whatdidthewriterexpecttohearatthedinner?Howdidhefeel?

(sometalksabouthowpeopleinHiroshimawereaffectedbytheatomicbombardment;themisery)

thestrangeemotionwhichhadoverwhelmedme…returnedIwasagaincrushedbythethoughtthatInowstoodatthesiteofthefirstatomicbombardment,wherethousandsuponthousandsofpeoplehadbeenslain,wherethousandsuponthousandsofothershadlingeredontodieinslowagonyasinhibitedasIwas…thefacesgrewmoreandmoreseriouseachtimethenameHiroshimawasrepeatedThecompanygrewmoreandmoreagitatedjoltingmeoutofmysadreverie

1)Whatdidthewriterexpect262.Thewriterwasironicalandhumorous.Findwordsandexpressionsthatshowthem.

Treadingcautiouslyonthetatami(IwasnotaccustomedtowalkinginmysockssoIwalkedcarefully,fearingthatsomethingunpleasantordangerousmighthappen)Experiencingatwingeofembarrassment…attheprospectofmeetingthemayorinmysocksAfterthreedaysinJapan,thespinalcolumnbecomesextraordinaryflexibleTheanti-climax—humororsurprise(para18)2.Thewriterwasironicalan27

3.Findallthewordstheauthorhasusedtoaddressthebombardment.

WasInotatthesceneofthecrime?(pp1)Themiseryofthehumanity’sheinouscrime?(pp19)Theimpactoftheatomiccataclysm

3.Findallthewordsthe28

Translation1.他干的事與我毫不相干.(havelittletodowith)2.她睡不著覺,女兒的病使她心事重重.(onone’smind)3.他陷入沉思中,沒有理會同伴們在談些什么.(beobliviousof)4.我喜歡教師這個職業(yè),這樣,我有機會和年輕人在一起.(rubshoulderswith)5.他擁有如此眾多的迷本身就說明了他是一個成功的歌手.(theverysymbol)6.一看見紀念碑就想起了在戰(zhàn)斗中死去的戰(zhàn)友.(theverysightof)7.時間飛逝.(flash)

291.Whathedidhadnothingtodowithme.2.Shecouldn’tfallasleepasherdaughter’sillnesswasverymuchonhermind.3.Hewassodeepinthoughtthathewasobliviousofwhathisfriendsweretalkingabout.4.Ilikebeingateacher,whichgivesmeachanceofrubbingshoulderswithyoungpeople.5.Thathehassomanyfansistheverysymbolofhissuccessasasinger.(Theveryfactofhishavingsomanyfansshowsthatheisasuccessfulsinger)6.Theverysightofthemonumentremindsmeofmygoodfriendwhowaskilledinthebattle.7.Timeisflashingby.1.Whathedidhadnothingtod30翻譯練習(xí)他一想到馬上要見到在監(jiān)獄服刑的兒子就感到一陣內(nèi)疚.(atwingeof,attheprospectof)我永遠也忘不了我的家鄉(xiāng),我在那里出生,長大,從那里踏上了成功之路.(where…,where…)今天能請到張教授給我們講學(xué)是我們的榮幸.(averygreathonor)除了Joe每個人都被這個笑話逗的大笑。Joe花了好一會兒才領(lǐng)會其義也大笑起來.(sinkin)美國政府決定在世貿(mào)大廈倒塌現(xiàn)場建立新的大廈.(atthepointof)翻譯練習(xí)他一想到馬上要見到在監(jiān)獄服刑的兒子就感到一陣內(nèi)疚.31Hefeltatwingeofregret/guiltattheprospectofmeetinghissoninprison.Iwillneverforgetmyhometown,whereIwasbornandgrewup,whereIsetoutontheroadtosuccess.Today,itisaverygreathonortohaveProfessorZhangheretogiveusalecture.EverybodylaughedatthejokebutJoe;ittookquiteawhileforittosinkinbeforehelaughedtoo.TheAmericangovernmentdecidedtoerectanewbuildingatthepointofcollapseoftheWorldTradeCenter.Hefeltatwingeofregret/gui32SectionThree–Interviewwiththepatient

A.QuestionsforDiscussion1)Whathappenedtotheoldman?Howdidhefaceit?Whatdoyoufeelabouttheoldman’swords?2)WhathaveyoulearnedaboutHiroshima,itspeoplefromthissection?3)Wasthewriterironicalandhumorousinthissection?Washistonedifferentfromthatofthefirstsection?Why?4)Whatquestionsdoyouthinkthereporterhadwantedtoaskbeforehand?Whatanswersdidhegetfrompeople’seyes?SectionThree–Interviewwith33Whathappenedtotheoldman?

Howdidhefaceit?--afishermanbytrade.--wasinHiroshimawhenthebombwasdropped.--hadnoburnsonhisfaceorbody(noinjuriesontheoutside)--hishairbegantofallout,hisbellyturnedtowater,feltsick--hasbeeninhospitalformorethan20years--hegazedatthewriter..withinterest.--hasbeenmakinglittleluckybirds,congratulatinghimself.Whathappenedtotheoldman?34

2)WhathaveyoulearnedaboutHiroshima,itspeoplefromthissection?

itseemsthattheatomicbombvictimsdonotgetsympathyfrompeoplebutprejudice.TheaffectedpeoplecommitsuicideItishumiliatingtosurvive…encounterprejudicePeopleareafraidofgeneticdamagefromtheradiationmakingluckybirds

2)Whathaveyoulearnedabo35

Wasthewriterironicalandhumorousinthissection?Washistonedifferentfromthatofthefirstsection?Why?Thetonechangedintoanobjectiveone:tellingwhatheheardandseen.Notironicalandhumorous,buthissympatheticandsad.Hegotthetruthalthoughpeoplehavetriedtomaskallthetime.Wasthewriterironicalandh36Whatquestiondoyouthinkthereporterhadwantedtoaskbeforehand?Whatanswersdidhegetfrompeople’seyes?

suchas:doyouthinkHiroshimaistheliveliestcityinJapan?Whatquestiondoyouthinkt37鍍鎳的醫(yī)療器械以打魚為生失蹤的朋友和親人感覺惡心嘔吐原子彈受害者塵世煩惱怡養(yǎng)性情提前準備使人脊背發(fā)涼遺傳基因病變鍍鎳的醫(yī)療器械38(nickel-platedmedicalinstruments)(afishermanbytrade)(missingfriendsandrelatives)(feelsick)(atomicbombvictim)(earthlycares)(improveone’scharacter)(prepare…inadvance)(sendshiversdownthespine)(geneticdamage)(nickel-platedmedicalinstrum39WritingStyle1.NarrationTogiveanaccountofaneventoraseriesofevents,includingstories,biographies,histories,newsitems,andnarrativepoems.Itoftengoeshandinhandwithdescription,oneforthestory,theotherforitssettingandcharacters.Fiveaspectstoconsiderwhenplanninganarrative:1)Context:circumstancesatthebeginning(when,where,who)2)Selectionofdetails:relevant,usefulandeffective-(purpose)3)Organization:usuallyinchronologicalorder,alsobyusingflashback;4)Pointofview:firstperson—moregraphicandlifelike,butlimitedscope.5)Purpose:toproveatheory,toillustrateaconcept,topraiseavirtue,tocondemnavice,etc.WritingStyle1.Narration40Writingtechniquesinthispassage:1)Narrationwellcombinedwithdescription;2)GooduseofAnti-climax;3)Gooduseofhumorouslanguage;4)Inchronologicalorder;5)WellchosendetailsWritingtechniquesinthispa41Contrast:fullofexplicitandimplicitcontrastsonthethreelevelsofculture，psychologyandwritingrespectivelyIftwothingscontrast，thedifferencebetweenthemisveryeasytoseeandsometimessurprising．Therefore，itisoftenusedasanimportantwritingtechniqueinmuchliteraturetocreatevividimagesandexertdeepimpressionsonreaders.Ifwereadbetweenthelines,wewillbeabletodetectadiversityofcontrastsandinterpretstrongconflictsinit.Itisthesecontrastsandconflictsthatservethewriter’spurposetomakeusreflectonhistory.Contrast:fullofexplicitand42Contrastsondifferentlevels:Culturallevel: betweenlanguages betweenoldandnew betweenJapaneseandwesternetiquettePsychologicallevel: betweenAmericanandJapanese betweentwoschoolsofthoughtinthecityWritinglevel:Contrastsondifferentlevels:43Writinglevel: betweenhumorandsolemnity betweenliveliestandmartyred

Writinglevel:44BetweenLanguages:ThecontrastbetweenJapaneselanguageandEnglishlanguageisnoticeableinthefirstplace,whichindicatesthatJapanese,fromtopleadersdownontoordinarypeople,arereadytoacceptnewthingsfromtheoutsideworld,includinglanguage.BetweenLanguages:Thecontrast45Betweenoldandnew:InHiroshima,whatthewritersawsymbolicallyimpressesusthatinHiroshima,thetraditionalstyleandwesternstyleexistsidebyside.ThisisanothersigntoshowthatJapanesepeopleareopen-mindedenoughtoabsorbthemodernworld.Betweenoldandnew:InHiroshi46BetweenJapaneseandwesternetiquette:WaitingtomeetthemayorofHiroshima,theauthordescribedinhumoroustoneshowhefelt:“…”,whichindicatesthatthewesternvisitors,facedwiththeJapanesewayofdoingthings,haveto“doastheRomansdo”althoughtheyexperiencedtheembarrassmentresultingfromculturaldifferences.ThiscontradictingfeelingtellsthereadersthatwhileJapanesetrytoadaptthemselvestothemodernworld,theyarealsotryingtointroducethemselvestotheworld.BetweenJapaneseandwesterne47PsychologicallevelDifferentpeopleholddifferentviewsontheissueofhistory.Thecontrastsarevisiblenotonlybetweendifferentnationsbutalsoamongthesamenation.PsychologicallevelDifferentp48BetweenAmericanandJapanese:OnhisarrivalinHiroshima,thewriterconveyedthathewastorturedbyaguiltyconscience,whereas“TheJapanesecrowddidnotappeartohavethesamepreoccupationsthatIhad.”Intherestaurant,thewriterseemedinhibitedwiththemayorrepeatedlyreferringtothename“Hiroshima”.Thecompanygrewmoreandmoreagitated.However,atlast,themayorcametothetopic–“oysters”.Here,thewriterusestheliterarydevice---anti-climaxtoexpressthesurpriseandsatirecausedbythesharpcontrastbetweenwhattheAmericanvisitorswerethinkingaboutandwhattheJapanesemayorwastalkingabout,i.e.,betweenatomicbombandoysters.BetweenAmericanandJapanese:49Betweentwoschoolsofthoughtinthecity:AswasexplainedbyasmallJapanesemanintheinterview,“….”.ThereasonliesinthatsomeJapanesepeople,asvictimsofthebombardment,wanttokeepthecrushingconsequencesinordertorememberthatpartofhistoryandsomeothers,toomuchhurt,intendtodemolisheverytraceofitsoastoleavethehistoryfarbehind.Therefore,astowhethertorememberthehistoryorforgetallaboutit,conflictsobviouslyexistnotonlybetweentheAmerican–thebombardierandtheJapanese–thevictimized,butalsoamongtheJapanesethemselves.Betweentwoschoolsofthough50Writinglevel

betweenhumorandsolemnity:Inthedescriptionsofthecityanditspeople,thewritermadeuseofhumorousexpressionsinseveralplaces.Ontheotherhand,heusedsuchliteraryandformal-tonedwordsas“crime”,“humanity’smostheinouscrime”,“atomiccataclysm”and“slay”everytimehementionedtheatomicbombardment.Sohereisthedistinctcontrastbetweenthetwostylesinthewriter’scontrolofwords.Writinglevel

betweenhumoran51Betweenliveliestandmartyred:Thedoctoroftheatomicsectioninthehospitaltoldthewriter,“…”O(jiān)neofthesurvivorswastheoldfishermanthatthewriterinterviewed.Hiswordsmadeitclearhowmuchsufferinghehadgonethrough;onemoredayofsufferingwouldbringhimclosertohisdeathandonlydeathcouldfinallyfreehimfromtheagony.Betweenliveliestandmartyred52Thecontrastbetweentheliveliestcityandtheatomizedcityindicatestheconflictbetweenlifeanddeath,betweenhappinessandagony.Andstillitembodiesthementalconflictonthepartofthewriter:“WhatshouldIwriteaboutthecityofHiroshima?Liveliestormartyred?”Thereforeheputstheword“l(fā)iveliest”inquotationmarks.Hewantstoinformthereadersthatthisiswhatthecityissaidtobe,andhepresumablyconsidersitironictodescribeanatomizedcitywiththisword.Thecontrastbetweenthelivel53Conclusion:Wecannotcallacity“l(fā)iveliest”afteranuclearholocaustbecausewecannotremovefactsfromhistoryorremovepainfromthewoundedbodiesandhearts,butwearesupposedtotakethehistoryasamirrorandmaketheworldfulloflife.Conclusion:Wecannotcallaci54Figuresofspeech

employedinthetextrhetoricalquestionclimaxanticlimaxantithesi