高級(jí)英語(yǔ)課件第一冊(cè)第二課Hiroshima the Liveliest City in Japan

UnitTwo

Hiroshima–the“l(fā)iveliest”cityinJapan

UnitTwo

Hiroshima–the1TeachingObjectivesofLesson2ToacquaintstudentswiththehistoricalfactsoftheatomicbombardmentinHiroshimaanditsimpactuponpeople’slives.ToacquaintstudentswithJapanandhertraditionsrevealedinthetext.Toenablestudentstoappreciatethereportorialwriting,i.e.factsandopinions.TeachingObjectivesofLesson2MorepicturesAtthetimethisphotowasmade,smokeroseto20,000feetaboveHiroshimaAerialphotographfromthe80kilometersawayoftheInlandSea,takenabout1hourafterthedropping.Thehugeatomiccloud,6August,1945Morepictures3TheAtomicBombDome

HiroshimaPeaceMemorial,aremnantofthecityatgroundzeroofitsnuclearbombardmentTheAtomicBombDome

Hiroshima4TheruinsoftheInstituteofIndustrialDevelopment,withitswarpeddome,werepreservedasasymboloftheterrorof

destruction.TheruinsoftheInstituteof5Agirlwithherskinhanginginstrips,atOhmuraNavy

HospitalonAugust10-11.LunchBox-TheAtomicShadow--TheshadowsoftheparapetswereimprintedontheroadsurfaceoftheYorozuyoBridge,1/2ofamilesouth-southwestofthehypocenter.TheleavesofthisFatsiajaponicathrewashadowonanelectricpoleneartheMeijiBridge.bottleAgirlwithherskinhangingi6ChoiceofTarget--HiroshimaSomemilitarycampswerelocatednearbysuchastheheadquartersoftheFifthDivisionandFieldMarshalHata's2ndGeneralArmyHeadquarters,whichcommandedthedefenseofallofsouthernJapan.HiroshimawasamajorsupplyandlogisticsbasefortheJapanesemilitary.Thecitywasacommunicationscenter,astoragepoint,andanassemblyareafortroops.Itwaschosenasatargetbecauseithadnotsuffereddamagefrompreviousbombingraids,allowinganidealenvironmenttomeasurethedamagecausedbytheatomicbomb.Thecityasawholewashighlysusceptibletofiredamage.ChoiceofTarget--HiroshimaSo7EffectsofanAtomicBombExplosionThedevastationofHiroshimaandNagasakiresultedfromthreemaintypesofeffects:blast,thermalradiation,andnuclearradiation.

Ofthese,onlytheblasteffectissignificantforchemicalhighexplosives.Theblasteffectofanatomicbombissimilartothatofaconventionalexplosivebutmuchmoreintenseandfar-reaching.Thermalradiation,whichresultsfromtheextremelyhightemperaturescreatedbyanatomicexplosion,causesseriousburnsonexposedpartsofthebodyandmayignitefiresoverawideradius.Nuclearradiation,whichresultsfromtheneutronsandgammaraysassociatedwithfission,causesdeathandinjuryasaresultofdamagetolivingtissue.EffectsofanAtomicBombExpl8Thedamage:Destroyingalmosteverythingwithinaradiusof6,000to8,000feet(1.830-2,450meters).Altogetheranareaof13sq.Ikm.(5sq.mi.)wasreducedtoashesandofthe76,000buildingsinthecity62.9%weredestroyedandonly8%escapeddamage（amongthemwereearthquake-resistantbuildings）.Over71,000peoplewerekilledinstantly.Manymorelaterdiedofinjuriesandtheeffectsofradiation.Survivorsarestilldyingofleukemia(白血病),perniciousanemia(惡性貧血癥),etc.Theradiationgeneratedbythebombcausedlong-termproblemstothoseaffected.Manypeoplediedwithinthefirstfewmonthsandmanymoreinsubsequentyearsbecauseofradiationexposure.Somepeoplehadgeneticproblemswhichsometimesresultedinhavingmalformedbabiesorbeingunabletohavechildren.Itisbelievedthatmorethan140,000peoplediedbytheendoftheyear.Thetotalnumberofpeoplewhohavediedduetothebombisestimatedtobe200,000.Thedamage:Destroyingalmoste9

Whenwewereplayingintheschoolground,anairplanecame,butwekeptonplaying,onlysaying"Whydidtheygivetheall-clear?"Allofasudden,therewassomethinglikelighteningandIcoveredmyfacewithmyhands.WhenIopenedmyeyesandlookedaround,itwasdarkandIcouldn'tseeanything.WhileIwasfeelingaroundinthedarkness,itbecamelight.Iwasthinkingofgoinghome,andIfoundthatallthehousesaroundmehadbeendestroyedandfireswereburninghereandthere.Istartedrunninghome,cryingandcalling,"Mother!Mother!"ButIcouldn'ttellwheremyhousehadbeen.Ijustwentaroundthiswayandthat,andthenIheardmysistercallingmyname.IwasshockedwhenIsawher,becauseshewasstainedwithbloodallover.Ilookedatmyself;theskinofbothmyarmsandfeethadpeeledawayandwashangingoff.Ididn'tknowwhatallthismeant,andIwasfrightened,soIburstintotears.Meanwhile,MotherhadcrawledoutfromthepileoftilesanddraggedanovercoatandFather'scloakoutofatrunkandwrappedusinthem.WespentthenightinYasuShrineinGion.Becauseoftheirburns,everyonewascryingforwaterallnight.Thenextmorning,weweretakenbytrucktoaBuddhisttempleinKabe.Thatnight,mysisterdied.HowcanIdescribeMother‘sgrief?HowcanIdescribethehorriblescenesIsawinthetemplethen?Whocanimaginethemiserieswewentthroughexceptthosewhoweretherethemselves?Itisentirelybeyondmypowertoputtheterriblesightintowords.Countlesspeoplesufferingfromburnsandwounds,groaningwithpain,theirbodiescoveredwithmaggots（蛆）,anddyingindelirium（精神錯(cuò)亂）,oneafteranother.Itwashellonearth.AnaccountbyMasatadaAsaeda--3rdGradeStudentin1945

AnaccountbyMasatada10GeneralIntroductionoftheTextWhattypeofwritingisthetext?Howmanysectionsisthetextdivided?Whatisthetheme,tone,mood,pointofviewofthetext?

Narrativewriting(timeorder)Section1--ArrivalatHiroshima(para1-7)Section2–Dinnerwiththemayor(para8-27)Section3–Interviewwiththepatient(para28-39)--Theterribleeffectofnuclearweaponsuponpeopleandtheirlives.Aprotesttonuclearweaponsisvoiced--Thetone(meaningthewaytheauthorfeelsorthinksaboutthesubjectofthestory):bitter,upset,sad,ironic)--Pointofview:firstpersonparticipantGeneralIntroductionoftheTe11SectionOne–ArrivalatHiroshimaA.QuestionsforDiscussion1.Whatdoyouknowabouttheauthor?nationality;occupation;aimofthevisit2.Howdidthewriterfeelatthearrival?

3.WhathaveyoulearnedaboutHiroshimaandpeopletherefromthissection?SectionOne–ArrivalatHiros121.Whatdoyouknowabouttheauthor?AnAmericanAreporterwhohadtakenmanyreportorialassignments.Toprove/findoutwhetherHiroshimaistheliveliestcityintheworld.2.Howdidthewriterfeelatthearrival?bitter,sad;guilty,depressed

Ihadalumpinmythroat—Iwaschokedwithemotion;IwassoovercomewithemotionthatIcouldnotspeakorthinkclearly.(afeelingofpressurecausedbyrepressedemotion)hadalotofsadthoughtsonmymind–Iwasoccupiedwithsomesadthoughts.Theveryactofsteppingonthissoil,inbreathingthisair…:ThefactthatIwasinHiroshimawasinitselfamuchmoreexcitingexperienceformethananytripIhadtakenoranyreportingworkIhaddoneinthepast.WasInotatthesceneofthecrime?---thedroppingoftheA-bombonHiroshima(rhetoricalquestion)1.Whatdoyouknowaboutthe133.WhathaveyoulearnedaboutHiroshimaandpeopletherefromthissection?Advancedintechnology(rapiddevelopmentafterWWII,thefastesttrain–magnetictrain(517m/hr)JapanandGermany

anobviousconflictbetweenwesterninfluencesandthetraditionalcustoms,theyexistsidebyside

teenagersandwomen—inwesterndress,miniskirt(fashionablegroups)

littlegirlsandelderladies–inkimonos(kidsandoldoneskeepthetradition)narrowstreets,traditionalhousesonboatstallbuildings,beigeconcreteskyscrapers

constantbowingtoeachother

tourismatmosphere

thecab-driver’sbehaviortowardstravelers

knowinglittleoftheway,avoidlosingface,3.Whathaveyoulearnedabout14WordsandExpressions…onmymindvs.inmind—worriedabout惦記,憂(yōu)慮

e.g.Mymothermusthavesomethingimportantonhermind.Iknowitfromthatlookonherface.

我母親心里一定在惦記什么重要事情.我從她臉上的表情可以看出來(lái).I’vehadmyfather’sillnessonmymindallday.

我整天都為父親的病情擔(dān)憂(yōu).Havesomethinginmind:remember;thinkof/plantodoe.g.Haveyouanyoneinmindforthejob?

對(duì)于這項(xiàng)工作,你心中有什么人選?Whatdoyouhaveinmindtodowithhim?

對(duì)于他,你打算怎么辦?WordsandExpressions…onmymi15pop

e.g.Oneofballoonspopped.Champagnecorkswerepoppingthroughoutthecelebrations.

(burst(open)withashort,sharp,slightlyexplosivesound(onomatopoeia)

Themagicianhadrealrabbitspoppingoutofhishat.Yousolveoneproblemandanotherwouldimmediatelypopup

(appearunexpectedly)Myeyespoppedatthesightatthevarietyoffoodondisplay.(looksurprised)Ipoppedthemagazineintothebagwhenmyfathercamein.(putsthquickly)lurchedfromsidetosidescreechedtoahaltIfoundmyselfinfrontof…(withoutpurpose,unexpectedly)Theusherheavedalong,almostmusicalsigh…istheverysymboloftheincessantstrugglebetweenthekimonoandtheminiskirttheveryactofsteppingattheonthissoil…pop16

Theuseandfunctionof‘littles’inthissection:

littlegirls/littlebows/littleredtelephones/knowlittleoftheircity/sketchalittlemap/littleoldJapan/littlefloatinghouse(para.8)(大日本帝國(guó)—小日本)chauvinism(沙文主義)—astrong,unreasonablebeliefthatyourowncountryismoreimportantandmorallybetterthanotherpeople’s.chauvinistic

theuseandfunctionofseven‘littles’inthissection:大男人,大丈夫,大小伙子,小女人,小媳婦,小丫頭,

Theuseandfuncti17翻譯練習(xí)1.他干的事與我毫不相干.(havelittletodowith)2.她睡不著覺(jué),女兒的病使她心事重重.(onone’smind)3.他陷入沉思中,沒(méi)有理會(huì)同伴們?cè)谡勑┦裁?(beobliviousof)4.我喜歡教師這個(gè)職業(yè),這樣,我有機(jī)會(huì)和年輕人在一起.(rubshoulderswith)5.他擁有如此眾多的迷本身就說(shuō)明了他是一個(gè)成功的歌手.(theverysymbol)6.一看見(jiàn)紀(jì)念碑就想起了在戰(zhàn)斗中死去的戰(zhàn)友.(theverysightof)7.時(shí)間飛逝.(flash)1.Whathedidhasnothingtodowithme.2.Shecouldn’tfallasleepasherdaughter’sillnesswasverymuchonhermind.3.Hewassodeepinthoughtthathewasobliviousofwhathisfriendsweretalkingabout.4.Ilikebeingateacher,whichgivesmeachanceofrubbingshoulderswithyoungpeople.5.Thathehassomanyfansistheverysymbolofhissuccessasasinger.(Theveryfactofhishavingsomanyfansshowsthatheisasuccessfulsinger)6.Theverysightofthemonumentremindsmeofmygoodfriendwhowaskilledinthebattle.7.Timeisflashingby.翻譯練習(xí)1.他干的事與我毫不相干.(havel18Sectiontwo–DinnerwiththemayorQuestionsforDiscussion

Whatdidthewriterexpecttohearatthedinner?Howdidhefeel?WhathaveyoulearnedaboutHiroshima,itspeopleandJapanesecustomsfromthissection?Thewriterwasironicalandhumorous.Findwordsandexpressionsthatshowthem.Findalltheexpressionstheauthorhasusedtoaddressthebombardmentsofar.Sectiontwo–Dinnerwiththem19

Whatdidthewriterexpecttohearatthedinner?

Howdidhefeel?

(ThewriterexpectedtohearsometalksabouthowpeopleinHiroshimawereaffectedbytheatomicbombardment.)

thestrangeemotionwhichhadoverwhelmedme…returnedIwasagaincrushedbythethoughtthatInowstoodatthesiteofthefirstatomicbombardment,wherethousandsuponthousandsofpeoplehadbeenslain,wherethousandsuponthousandsofothershadlingeredontodieinslowagonyasinhibitedasIwas…thefacesgrewmoreandmoreseriouseachtimethenameHiroshimawasrepeatedThecompanymoreandmoreagitatedjoltingmeoutofmysadreveriereverie—dreamythinking,esp.ofagreeablethings;thestateofbeingabsorbedindreamlikecontemplation;daydreaming

Whatdidthewriterexpect20WhathaveyoulearnedaboutHiroshima,

itspeopleandJapanesecustomsfromthissection?

astunning,porcelain-facedwoman

traditionalwhitemake-up,lookslikeporcelainastunningpersonorthingisextremelybeautifulorimpressive.tatamimatting,walkinginsocksWhathaveyoulearnedaboutHi21Twoschoolsofthoughtabouttheremainsofthebombardment1)topreservethetracesofthebombing2)togetridofeverything,todemolishthemDebateontheabovetwoideasTwoschoolsofthoughtaboutt22Thewriterwasironicalandhumorous.Findwordsandexpressionsthatshowthem.

Treadingcautiouslyonthetatami(IwasnotaccustomedtowalkinginmysockssoIwalkedcarefully,fearingthatsomethingunpleasantordangerousmighthappen)Experiencingatwingeofembarrassment…attheprospectofmeetingthemayorinmysocksAfterthreedaysinJapan,thespinalcolumnbecomesextraordinaryflexibleTheanti-climax—humororsurprise(para18)Thewriterwasironicalandhu23

WordsandExpressions…lingeredontodieinslowagony

(transferredepithet)

agony—greatpainorsufferingofmindorbody極度的痛苦

linger—belateorslowingoingaway.e.g.Helovedtheplacesomuchthathelingeredaboutaftereveryoneelsehadleft.Thecustomof….lingerson(isstillobservedbutisnowveryweak)Thememorylingeredonforyears.Alingeringfearofswimmingaftertheaccidenttoinhibit—topreventsomethingorslowitdown,ortopreventsomeonefromdoingsth.e.g.Thehighpriceinhibitspeoplefrombuyingbighouses.Governmentofficialsareinhibitedfromrunningbusiness.(sb)feelsinhibited—ifyousaysomeonefeelsinhibited,youmeantheyfinditdifficulttobehavenaturallyandyouthinkitisabadthing.WordsandExpressions24agitated–feelworriedandupset,andshowthisinthebehavior,movements,orvoicee.g.Susanseemedagitatedaboutsomething.Themaninthehousewasinaveryexcitedandagitatedstate.Agitation,agitate.e.g.Thethoughtagitatesher.Danlitacigarette,tryingtomaskheragitationsinkin被完全理解，深深印入腦中e.g.Ithinkthelessonhassunkin:hewon’tmakethesamemistakeagain.Theteacherhasexplainedittwice,butI‘mafraiditstillhasnotsunkin.Irepeatedittillthewordssankin.agitated–feelworriedandup251)Whatdidthewriterexpecttohearatthedinner?Howdidhefeel?

(sometalksabouthowpeopleinHiroshimawereaffectedbytheatomicbombardment;themisery)

thestrangeemotionwhichhadoverwhelmedme…returnedIwasagaincrushedbythethoughtthatInowstoodatthesiteofthefirstatomicbombardment,wherethousandsuponthousandsofpeoplehadbeenslain,wherethousandsuponthousandsofothershadlingeredontodieinslowagonyasinhibitedasIwas…thefacesgrewmoreandmoreseriouseachtimethenameHiroshimawasrepeatedThecompanygrewmoreandmoreagitatedjoltingmeoutofmysadreverie

1)Whatdidthewriterexpect262.Thewriterwasironicalandhumorous.Findwordsandexpressionsthatshowthem.

Treadingcautiouslyonthetatami(IwasnotaccustomedtowalkinginmysockssoIwalkedcarefully,fearingthatsomethingunpleasantordangerousmighthappen)Experiencingatwingeofembarrassment…attheprospectofmeetingthemayorinmysocksAfterthreedaysinJapan,thespinalcolumnbecomesextraordinaryflexibleTheanti-climax—humororsurprise(para18)2.Thewriterwasironicalan27

3.Findallthewordstheauthorhasusedtoaddressthebombardment.

WasInotatthesceneofthecrime?(pp1)Themiseryofthehumanity’sheinouscrime?(pp19)Theimpactoftheatomiccataclysm

3.Findallthewordsthe28

Translation1.他干的事與我毫不相干.(havelittletodowith)2.她睡不著覺(jué),女兒的病使她心事重重.(onone’smind)3.他陷入沉思中,沒(méi)有理會(huì)同伴們?cè)谡勑┦裁?(beobliviousof)4.我喜歡教師這個(gè)職業(yè),這樣,我有機(jī)會(huì)和年輕人在一起.(rubshoulderswith)5.他擁有如此眾多的迷本身就說(shuō)明了他是一個(gè)成功的歌手.(theverysymbol)6.一看見(jiàn)紀(jì)念碑就想起了在戰(zhàn)斗中死去的戰(zhàn)友.(theverysightof)7.時(shí)間飛逝.(flash)

291.Whathedidhadnothingtodowithme.2.Shecouldn’tfallasleepasherdaughter’sillnesswasverymuchonhermind.3.Hewassodeepinthoughtthathewasobliviousofwhathisfriendsweretalkingabout.4.Ilikebeingateacher,whichgivesmeachanceofrubbingshoulderswithyoungpeople.5.Thathehassomanyfansistheverysymbolofhissuccessasasinger.(Theveryfactofhishavingsomanyfansshowsthatheisasuccessfulsinger)6.Theverysightofthemonumentremindsmeofmygoodfriendwhowaskilledinthebattle.7.Timeisflashingby.1.Whathedidhadnothingtod30翻譯練習(xí)他一想到馬上要見(jiàn)到在監(jiān)獄服刑的兒子就感到一陣內(nèi)疚.(atwingeof,attheprospectof)我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我的家鄉(xiāng),我在那里出生,長(zhǎng)大,從那里踏上了成功之路.(where…,where…)今天能請(qǐng)到張教授給我們講學(xué)是我們的榮幸.(averygreathonor)除了Joe每個(gè)人都被這個(gè)笑話逗的大笑。Joe花了好一會(huì)兒才領(lǐng)會(huì)其義也大笑起來(lái).(sinkin)美國(guó)政府決定在世貿(mào)大廈倒塌現(xiàn)場(chǎng)建立新的大廈.(atthepointof)翻譯練習(xí)他一想到馬上要見(jiàn)到在監(jiān)獄服刑的兒子就感到一陣內(nèi)疚.31Hefeltatwingeofregret/guiltattheprospectofmeetinghissoninprison.Iwillneverforgetmyhometown,whereIwasbornandgrewup,whereIsetoutontheroadtosuccess.Today,itisaverygreathonortohaveProfessorZhangheretogiveusalecture.EverybodylaughedatthejokebutJoe;ittookquiteawhileforittosinkinbeforehelaughedtoo.TheAmericangovernmentdecidedtoerectanewbuildingatthepointofcollapseoftheWorldTradeCenter.Hefeltatwingeofregret/gui32SectionThree–Interviewwiththepatient

A.QuestionsforDiscussion1)Whathappenedtotheoldman?Howdidhefaceit?Whatdoyoufeelabouttheoldman’swords?2)WhathaveyoulearnedaboutHiroshima,itspeoplefromthissection?3)Wasthewriterironicalandhumorousinthissection?Washistonedifferentfromthatofthefirstsection?Why?4)Whatquestionsdoyouthinkthereporterhadwantedtoaskbeforehand?Whatanswersdidhegetfrompeople’seyes?SectionThree–Interviewwith33Whathappenedtotheoldman?

Howdidhefaceit?--afishermanbytrade.--wasinHiroshimawhenthebombwasdropped.--hadnoburnsonhisfaceorbody(noinjuriesontheoutside)--hishairbegantofallout,hisbellyturnedtowater,feltsick--hasbeeninhospitalformorethan20years--hegazedatthewriter..withinterest.--hasbeenmakinglittleluckybirds,congratulatinghimself.Whathappenedtotheoldman?34

2)WhathaveyoulearnedaboutHiroshima,itspeoplefromthissection?

itseemsthattheatomicbombvictimsdonotgetsympathyfrompeoplebutprejudice.TheaffectedpeoplecommitsuicideItishumiliatingtosurvive…encounterprejudicePeopleareafraidofgeneticdamagefromtheradiationmakingluckybirds

2)Whathaveyoulearnedabo35

Wasthewriterironicalandhumorousinthissection?Washistonedifferentfromthatofthefirstsection?Why?Thetonechangedintoanobjectiveone:tellingwhatheheardandseen.Notironicalandhumorous,buthissympatheticandsad.Hegotthetruthalthoughpeoplehavetriedtomaskallthetime.Wasthewriterironicalandh36Whatquestiondoyouthinkthereporterhadwantedtoaskbeforehand?Whatanswersdidhegetfrompeople’seyes?

suchas:doyouthinkHiroshimaistheliveliestcityinJapan?Whatquestiondoyouthinkt37鍍鎳的醫(yī)療器械以打魚(yú)為生失蹤的朋友和親人感覺(jué)惡心嘔吐原子彈受害者塵世煩惱怡養(yǎng)性情提前準(zhǔn)備使人脊背發(fā)涼遺傳基因病變鍍鎳的醫(yī)療器械38(nickel-platedmedicalinstruments)(afishermanbytrade)(missingfriendsandrelatives)(feelsick)(atomicbombvictim)(earthlycares)(improveone’scharacter)(prepare…inadvance)(sendshiversdownthespine)(geneticdamage)(nickel-platedmedicalinstrum39WritingStyle1.NarrationTogiveanaccountofaneventoraseriesofevents,includingstories,biographies,histories,newsitems,andnarrativepoems.Itoftengoeshandinhandwithdescription,oneforthestory,theotherforitssettingandcharacters.Fiveaspectstoconsiderwhenplanninganarrative:1)Context:circumstancesatthebeginning(when,where,who)2)Selectionofdetails:relevant,usefulandeffective-(purpose)3)Organization:usuallyinchronologicalorder,alsobyusingflashback;4)Pointofview:firstperson—moregraphicandlifelike,butlimitedscope.5)Purpose:toproveatheory,toillustrateaconcept,topraiseavirtue,tocondemnavice,etc.WritingStyle1.Narration40Writingtechniquesinthispassage:1)Narrationwellcombinedwithdescription;2)GooduseofAnti-climax;3)Gooduseofhumorouslanguage;4)Inchronologicalorder;5)WellchosendetailsWritingtechniquesinthispa41Contrast:fullofexplicitandimplicitcontrastsonthethreelevelsofculture，psychologyandwritingrespectivelyIftwothingscontrast，thedifferencebetweenthemisveryeasytoseeandsometimessurprising．Therefore，itisoftenusedasanimportantwritingtechniqueinmuchliteraturetocreatevividimagesandexertdeepimpressionsonreaders.Ifwereadbetweenthelines,wewillbeabletodetectadiversityofcontrastsandinterpretstrongconflictsinit.Itisthesecontrastsandconflictsthatservethewriter’spurposetomakeusreflectonhistory.Contrast:fullofexplicitand42Contrastsondifferentlevels:Culturallevel: betweenlanguages betweenoldandnew betweenJapaneseandwesternetiquettePsychologicallevel: betweenAmericanandJapanese betweentwoschoolsofthoughtinthecityWritinglevel:Contrastsondifferentlevels:43Writinglevel: betweenhumorandsolemnity betweenliveliestandmartyred

Writinglevel:44BetweenLanguages:ThecontrastbetweenJapaneselanguageandEnglishlanguageisnoticeableinthefirstplace,whichindicatesthatJapanese,fromtopleadersdownontoordinarypeople,arereadytoacceptnewthingsfromtheoutsideworld,includinglanguage.BetweenLanguages:Thecontrast45Betweenoldandnew:InHiroshima,whatthewritersawsymbolicallyimpressesusthatinHiroshima,thetraditionalstyleandwesternstyleexistsidebyside.ThisisanothersigntoshowthatJapanesepeopleareopen-mindedenoughtoabsorbthemodernworld.Betweenoldandnew:InHiroshi46BetweenJapaneseandwesternetiquette:WaitingtomeetthemayorofHiroshima,theauthordescribedinhumoroustoneshowhefelt:“…”,whichindicatesthatthewesternvisitors,facedwiththeJapanesewayofdoingthings,haveto“doastheRomansdo”althoughtheyexperiencedtheembarrassmentresultingfromculturaldifferences.ThiscontradictingfeelingtellsthereadersthatwhileJapanesetrytoadaptthemselvestothemodernworld,theyarealsotryingtointroducethemselvestotheworld.BetweenJapaneseandwesterne47PsychologicallevelDifferentpeopleholddifferentviewsontheissueofhistory.Thecontrastsarevisiblenotonlybetweendifferentnationsbutalsoamongthesamenation.PsychologicallevelDifferentp48BetweenAmericanandJapanese:OnhisarrivalinHiroshima,thewriterconveyedthathewastorturedbyaguiltyconscience,whereas“TheJapanesecrowddidnotappeartohavethesamepreoccupationsthatIhad.”Intherestaurant,thewriterseemedinhibitedwiththemayorrepeatedlyreferringtothename“Hiroshima”.Thecompanygrewmoreandmoreagitated.However,atlast,themayorcametothetopic–“oysters”.Here,thewriterusestheliterarydevice---anti-climaxtoexpressthesurpriseandsatirecausedbythesharpcontrastbetweenwhattheAmericanvisitorswerethinkingaboutandwhattheJapanesemayorwastalkingabout,i.e.,betweenatomicbombandoysters.BetweenAmericanandJapanese:49Betweentwoschoolsofthoughtinthecity:AswasexplainedbyasmallJapanesemanintheinterview,“….”.ThereasonliesinthatsomeJapanesepeople,asvictimsofthebombardment,wanttokeepthecrushingconsequencesinordertorememberthatpartofhistoryandsomeothers,toomuchhurt,intendtodemolisheverytraceofitsoastoleavethehistoryfarbehind.Therefore,astowhethertorememberthehistoryorforgetallaboutit,conflictsobviouslyexistnotonlybetweentheAmerican–thebombardierandtheJapanese–thevictimized,butalsoamongtheJapanesethemselves.Betweentwoschoolsofthough50Writinglevel

betweenhumorandsolemnity:Inthedescriptionsofthecityanditspeople,thewritermadeuseofhumorousexpressionsinseveralplaces.Ontheotherhand,heusedsuchliteraryandformal-tonedwordsas“crime”,“humanity’smostheinouscrime”,“atomiccataclysm”and“slay”everytimehementionedtheatomicbombardment.Sohereisthedistinctcontrastbetweenthetwostylesinthewriter’scontrolofwords.Writinglevel

betweenhumoran51Betweenliveliestandmartyred:Thedoctoroftheatomicsectioninthehospitaltoldthewriter,“…”O(jiān)neofthesurvivorswastheoldfishermanthatthewriterinterviewed.Hiswordsmadeitclearhowmuchsufferinghehadgonethrough;onemoredayofsufferingwouldbringhimclosertohisdeathandonlydeathcouldfinallyfreehimfromtheagony.Betweenliveliestandmartyred52Thecontrastbetweentheliveliestcityandtheatomizedcityindicatestheconflictbetweenlifeanddeath,betweenhappinessandagony.Andstillitembodiesthementalconflictonthepartofthewriter:“WhatshouldIwriteaboutthecityofHiroshima?Liveliestormartyred?”Thereforeheputstheword“l(fā)iveliest”inquotationmarks.Hewantstoinformthereadersthatthisiswhatthecityissaidtobe,andhepresumablyconsidersitironictodescribeanatomizedcitywiththisword.Thecontrastbetweenthelivel53Conclusion:Wecannotcallacity“l(fā)iveliest”afteranuclearholocaustbecausewecannotremovefactsfromhistoryorremovepainfromthewoundedbodiesandhearts,butwearesupposedtotakethehistoryasamirrorandmaketheworldfulloflife.Conclusion:Wecannotcallaci54Figuresofspeech

employedinthetextrhetoricalquestionclimaxanticlimaxantithesi