正畸治療前模型分析和投影測量分析

正畸治療前模型分析和投影測量分析第一頁，共85頁。1534DevelopmentofaProblemList

TheProblem-OrientedapproachClinicalEvaluationAnalysisofDiagnosticRecordsOrthodonticClassificationChapteroutline2第二頁，共85頁。AnalysisofDiagnosticRecordsTwopartsCephalometricanalysisofdentofacialrelationshipsDentalcastanalysistoevaluatespaceexcessordeficiencyandsymmetrywithinthedentalarches第三頁，共85頁。SymmetrySpaceanalysisEstimatingofuneruptedpermanentteethToothsizeanalysisDentalcastanalysis第四頁，共85頁。SymmetryTransparentruledgridplacedoverdentalcastOrientedtothemidpalatalrapheSpotasymmetriesinarchform,andtoothposition第五頁，共85頁。

Lateraldriftofincisors(Crowding,Clost3blockedout)SymmetryDriftofposteriorteeth（EarlylossofE)第六頁，共85頁。Pendulum第七頁，共85頁。SymmetrySpaceanalysisEstimatingofuneruptedpermanentteethToothsizeanalysisDentalcastanalysis第八頁，共85頁。Alignment(Crowding):SpaceAnalysis第九頁，共85頁。DentalcastComputeralgorithmSpaceAnalysis第十頁，共85頁。

Measuringarchperimeterfromthemesialofonefirstmolartotheother,overthecontactpointsofposteriorteethandincisaledgeofanteriors.

Stepone:Calculationofavailablespace片段法銅絲法第十一頁，共85頁。Steptwo:CalculationofrequiredspaceMeasurethemesiodistalwidthofeacheruptedtoothfromcontactpointtocontactpoint.第十二頁，共85頁。SpaceAnalysis第十三頁，共85頁。

01

Thespaceavailablewillnotchangebecauseofgrowth.02Alltheteetharenormalinsize03Correctanteroposteriorpositionofincisors

Threeassumptions第十四頁，共85頁。

InteractionProtrusionRetrusionCrowding＋－第十五頁，共85頁。Crowdingandprotrusionaredifferentaspectsofthesamephenomenon.Ifthereisnotenoughroomtoproperlyaligntheteeth,theresultcanbecrowding,protrusion,or(mostlikely)somecombinationofthetwo.第十六頁，共85頁。第十七頁，共85頁。第十八頁，共85頁。第十九頁，共85頁。01

Thespaceavailablewillnotchangebecauseofgrowth.02Alltheteetharenormalinsize03CorrectanteroposteriorpositionofincisorsThreeassumptions第二十頁，共85頁。Inachildwithawell-proportionedface,thereislittleornotendencyforthedentitiontobedisplacedrelativetothejawduringgrowth.Buttheteethoftenshiftanteriorlyorposteriorlyinachildwithajawdiscrepancy.第二十一頁，共85頁。第二十二頁，共85頁。01

Thespaceavailablewillnotchangebecauseofgrowth.02Alltheteetharenormalinsize03CorrectanteroposteriorpositionofincisorsThreeassumptions第二十三頁，共85頁。SymmetrySpaceanalysisEstimatingofuneruptedpermanentteethToothsizeanalysisDentalcastanalysis第二十四頁，共85頁。

MixDentitionEstimatingofUneruptedPermanentTeeth第二十五頁，共85頁。

EstimatingofUneruptedPermanentTeethRadiograghicPredictiontablemethodsCombination第二十六頁，共85頁。Undistortedradiographicimage

CompensateforenlargementMeasurementoftheteethonradiographs第二十七頁，共85頁。TruewidthofprimarymolarApparentwidthofprimarymolarMeasurementoftheteethonradiographs

TruewidthofuneruptedPremolarApparentwidthofuneruptedpremolar=第二十八頁，共85頁。Accuracyisfairtogooddependingonthequalityoftheradiographsandtheirpositioninthearch.Thetechniquecanbeusedinmaxillaryandmandibulararchesforallethnicgroups.Measurementoftheteethonradiographs第二十九頁，共85頁。EstimatingofUneruptedPermanentTeethRadiograghicPredictiontablemethodsCombination第三十頁，共85頁。Moyersprediction

EstimationfromproportionalitytablesMeasuringthemesiodistalwidthofthelowerincisorsPredictionthesizeofboththelowerandupperuneruptedcaninesandpremolars第三十一頁，共85頁。

Estimationfromproportionalitytables第三十二頁，共85頁。NorthernEuropeanwhitechildrenNoradiographsarerequired,usedfortheupperorlowerarch.

Estimationfromproportionalitytables第三十三頁，共85頁。

Estimationfromproportionalitytables第三十四頁，共85頁。EstimatingofUneruptedPermanentTeethRadiograghicPredictiontablemethodsCombination第三十五頁，共85頁。CombinationofradiographicandpredictiontableItdepends!第三十六頁，共85頁。Comparison1Radiograghic2MostpracticalNorthernEuropeanwhitechildrenNoradiograghsNoreferencetable3MoyersTakana&JohnstonNorthernEuropeanwhitechildrenNoradiographsDependingonthequalityoftheradiographsandtheirpositioninthearchForallethnicgroups.第三十七頁，共85頁。SymmetrySpaceanalysisEstimatingofuneruptedpermanentteethToothsizeanalysisDentalcastanalysis第三十八頁，共85頁。Althoughthenaturalteethmatchverywellinmostindividuals,approximately5%ofthepopulationhavesomedegreeofdisproportionamongthesizesofindividualteeth.---ToothSizeDiscrepancy(TSD)ToothSizeAnalysis第三十九頁，共85頁。ToothSizeAnalysis第四十頁，共85頁。BoltonRatioToothSizeAnalysis(78.8±1.72)%(91.5±1.51)%第四十一頁，共85頁。

Aquickcheckfor….Anteriortoothsizediscrepancy:2>2Posteriortoothsizediscrepancy：5=5Atoothsizediscrepancyoflessthan1.5mmisrarelysignificant.ToothSizeAnalysis第四十二頁，共85頁。SymmetrySpaceanalysisEstimatingofuneruptedpermanentteethToothsizeanalysisDentalcastanalysis第四十三頁，共85頁。AnalysisofDiagnosticRecordsTwopartsCephalometricanalysisofdentofacialrelationshipsDentalcastanalysistoevaluatespaceexcessordeficiencyandsymmetrywithinthedentalarches第四十四頁，共85頁。Theintroductionofradiographiccephalometricsisin1934byHofrathinGermanyandBroadbentinUSA.Cephalometricanalysis第四十五頁，共85頁。

Function

Originalpurpose

EvaluatingdentofacialproportionsandclarifytheanatomicbasisforamalocclusionObservingpathologicchanges(Sometimes)

Researchingongrowthpatternsinthecraniofacialcomplex.第四十六頁，共85頁。Thispatienthasfusionofthe1stand2ndcervicalvertebrae,withtheodontoidprocessextendingintothemarginofforamen.

Function第四十七頁，共85頁。

Function

Originalpurpose

EvaluatingdentofacialproportionsandclarifytheanatomicbasisforamalocclusionObservingpathologicchanges(Sometimes)Recognizingandevaluatingchangesbroughtaboutbyorthodontictreatment.

Researchingongrowthpatternsinthecraniofacialcomplex.第四十八頁，共85頁。

Function第四十九頁，共85頁。Thegoalofcephalometricanalysisistoevaluatetherelationships,bothhorizontallyandvertically,ofthefivemajorfunctionalcomponentsoftheface.Cephalometricanalysis第五十頁，共85頁。Cephalometricanalysis第五十一頁，共85頁。CranialBaseS，N，Po，Ba,BoMaxillaOr，Ptm，ANS，PNS，A，UI

MandibularCo，Go，B，LI，Pog，Me，GnCephalometricLandmarks第五十二頁，共85頁。

S.sella

N.nasionPo.porion

Ba.basion

BoSNPoBaBoCephalometricLandmarks第五十三頁，共85頁。

Or.orbitale

Ptm.

ANS.Anteriornasalspine

PNSPosteriornasalspine

A.subspinale

UI.UpperIncisorOrANSUIAPtmPNSCephalometricLandmarks第五十四頁，共85頁。Co.condylionGo.gonionPog.pogonionMe.mentonGn.gnathion

B.supramental

LI.lowerincisorCoGoBLIPog/Gn/MeCephalometricLandmarks第五十五頁，共85頁。第五十六頁，共85頁。TwomethodsContemporarymeasurementapproachCephalometricanalysisviadirectcomparisonwithreferencetemplateCephalometricanalysis第五十七頁，共85頁。Contemporarymeasurementapproach

ChoiceofaHorizontal(Cranial)ReferenceLine.SteinerAnalysisSassouniAnalysisWitsAnalysis第五十八頁，共85頁。ChoiceofaHorizontalReferenceLineAninternationalcongresswasheldinFrankfort,Germanyin1882.withthechoiceofahorizontalreferencelinefororientationofskulls第五十九頁，共85頁?！癕achineporion":Theuppersurfaceoftheearrodofthecephalometric"Anatomicporion”:Theuppersurfaceoftheshadowoftheauditorycanal..ChoiceofaHorizontalReferenceLine第六十頁，共85頁。第六十一頁，共85頁。NHP(naturalheadposition):Relaxedindividualslookatadistantobiectorintotheirowneyesinamirrorandinclinetheirheadsupanddowninincreasinglysmallermovementsuntiltheyfeelcomfortablypositioned.ChoiceofaHorizontalReferenceLine第六十二頁，共85頁。ChoiceofaHorizontal(Cranial)ReferenceLine.SteinerAnalysisSassouniAnalysisWitsAnalysisContemporarymeasurementapproach

第六十三頁，共85頁。SteinerAnalysis

SNA:Maxillatothecranialbase82°±2°SNB：MandibletotheCB78°±2°ANB:skeletaljawdiscrepancy.SN-MP(mandiblarplane):Verticalpositionofthemandible.第六十四頁，共85頁。ANBangleisinfluencedbytwofactors:Verticalheightoftheface.Anteroposteriorpositionofnasion.SteinerAnalysis第六十五頁，共85頁。第六十六頁，共85頁。SteinerAnalysisU1--NA（mm)U1--NA°L1--NB（mm)L1--NB°第六十七頁，共85頁。

HoldawayRatio:

Thebalancebetweentheprominenceofthechinandtheprominenceofthelowerincisor:themoreprominentthechin,themoreprominenttheincisorcanbe。SteinerAnalysis第六十八頁，共85頁。SteinerAnalysis第六十九頁，共85頁。第七十頁，共85頁。SteinerAnalysis第七十一頁，共85頁。ChoiceofaHorizontal(Cranial)ReferenceLine.SteinerAnalysisSassouniAnalysisWitsAnalysisContemporarymeasurementapproach

第七十二頁，共85頁。skeletalopenbite

SNFHPPOPMP

SassouniAnalysis