專業(yè)信息交流英語教程教參電子文件 18 Correspondence TP

Chapter18CorrespondenceCorrespondenceusuallyreferstomemorandums,letters,andelectronicmails.Technicalcorrespondence,differentfromcorrespondenceingeneral,referstomemosandlettersthataddresstechnicalmailers,suchasreportingasolutiontoaproblem,describingservicesavailable,interpretinglaboratoryanalysis,providinginstnictions,orrequestinginformation.通信通常是指備忘錄，信件和電子郵件。與一般信件不同，專業(yè)通信指的是那些處理技術(shù)問題的備忘錄和信件，比如匯報解決問題的方法，描述所供服務(wù)，解釋實驗室分析，提供指示或要求信息等。Technicalcorrespondenceisnotonlyamethodofcommunicationamongpeople,agencies,andorganizations,butalsofunctionsasamethodofdocumentingtransactions.Itrequiresthesamelevelofcareandprecisionasanyothertechnicaldocument.專業(yè)通信不僅是人與人之間，各機構(gòu)和組織之間的溝通方法，而且還作為一種記錄交易的方式。它任何技術(shù)文件一樣需要謹慎和精確。I.MemorandumsAmemoranckim,ormemoforshort,isanaccurate,brief,officialwrittenmessagethatcirculateswithinanorganization.Itcanbeasshortasaone-seniencenotice,oraslongasafour-to-fivenoticeofanewprocedure.Afivememoinitialinganewproceduremayservesimilarpurposesasareport.Thedifferencesarcthatreportsarcoftenlonger,moredetailed,andmoreformalthanmemos.備忘錄簡稱memo,是一種在組織內(nèi)部流通的準確、簡潔、正式的書面信息。它可以很短，如單句話通知，或也可很長，如長達4至5頁的有關(guān)新程序的通知。一個長達5頁關(guān)于新程序的備忘錄其功能類似于報告。兩者的差異在于報告往往更長，更詳細，也比備忘錄更正式。TypesofMemorandumsMemosprovideinformation,helpwithdecisionmaking,andinstruct.Themostcommontypesofmemosareasfollows:,Informationalmemos',thosethatdescribeanewproceduretobeimplementedCovermemos:thosethataccompanyareport,study,orproposalwithinacompanyReminders:thosethatremindpeopleofmeetingsorvisitsInquiries:thosethatrequestinformationClarifications:thosethatexplainrulesandpolicies信息備忘錄：描述將要實施的新的程序的備忘錄封面?zhèn)渫洠焊皆诠緝?nèi)部的報告、研究或建議上面的備忘錄提醒：提醒將有會議或來訪者的備忘錄咨詢：請求信息的備忘錄澄清：解釋規(guī)則和政策的備忘錄ElementsofaMemorandumSincerely,NICHOLSONMANUFACTURINGCOMPANY尼科爾森制造公司(Signature)WilliamAndrewsSupervisor,ShippingDivisionIII.EmailEmailistheshortenednameforelectronicmail.Itisthecorrespondenceoveracomputernetwork(aintranetortheInternet),deliveringamessagefromthewriter'scomputertothereader'scomputer.Becauseofitsgreatspeedandlowcost,sendingemailhasbecomearegularfeatureofourlives.Peopleusuallyregardemailasaneasyandinformalwayofcommunication.However,asawrittencommunication,emailhasthepotentialpermanenceandlegalsignificanceofpapercorrespondenceand.thusrequiresthoughtfulcomposing,editingandproofreading.SubjectLine主題Asubjectlinethatstatesclearlythepurposewillhelpthereadermentallyshifttothepropercontextbeforetheyreadyourmessage.Thesubjectlineshouldbebriefandspecific,providingaclearideatothecontentsofthemessage.Atoogeneralsubjectlinewouldbeconfusing.目的明確的主題能幫助讀者在讀信之前為讀信做好心里準備。主題應(yīng)當(dāng)簡短、具體，為信件內(nèi)容提供明確的概念。太籠統(tǒng)的主題可能會造成混亂。Forexample:TOOGENERAL:Subject:InformationMoreConcrete：Subject:Need3microphonesbyWedsFortime-criticalmessages,startingwith“URGENT“isagoodidea,especiallyifyouknowthepersongetsalotofemail.Forexample:Subject:URGENT:Need3microphonesbyWedsSalutationEmailissuchanewmeansofcommunicationthattherearestillnofirmcustomsonhowtoopen.Manypeopledonotgiveasalutation,becausetheemailitselfsayswhoitistoandfrom.Forpeopleyouarefamiliarwithandforinformalcorrespondence,youcanusuallybeginyouremailmessagewith“Hello"or"Hi”.Forbusinesscorrespondence,however,itisadvisabletohaveamoreformalsalutation.Whenyouchoosesalutations,youmustbecarefulaboutculturaldifferences.TheEastCoastoftheUnitedStatesismoreformalthantheWestCoast.Germansareevenmoreformal;theycanworkside-by-sidefbryearsandnevergetaroundtoafirst-namebasis.IntheUnitedStates,itisnotagoodideatouse“Sir"or"Mr."unlessyouarcabsolutelycertainthatyourcorrespondentismale.Similarly,itisprobablysafertouse"Ms."insteadof"Miss"or"Mrs."unlessyouknowthepreferenceofthewomaninquestion.Usingsomeone'sfirstnameisgenerallyOK.Thus,youcanusuallybeginwitha"Dear"plusthefirstname,suchas“DearChris”,regardlessofwhetherChrisismaleorfemale.Ifyouareaddressingagroupofpeople,youcansay"Dear"plustheunifyingattribute,forexample:"DearProjectManagers.BodyoftheEmailMessage標(biāo)明所回信件或標(biāo)明身份Identifyingyourmessageoryourself.Electronicmailarrivesinlargevolumeandinrandomorder.Bythetimeyouansweramessage,thesendermayhavealreadysentmanyothermessagesandhavereceivedmanyaswell.Itisbesttobeginwithalineortwoexplainingwhichmessageyouarerespondingto.Ifyousendemailtosomeonewhodoesn'tknowyou,itwouldbegoodifyouwouldimmediatelyanswerthesequestions:Whoarcyou?Howdidyouleamofyourcorrespondent?Whatdoyouwantfromyourcorrespondent?Whyshouldyourcorrespondentpayattentiontoyou?Figure18-5EmailMessageIndicatingIdentityDearMs.Nicholson:IamaneditoratSciencePress.ImetyourhusbandattheForeignLanguageTeachingConferencelastweek,andhementionedthatyouareinterestedinpublishingabookbasedonyourguidetotechnicalcommunication.Ihavereadyourguide,andwouldbeverymuchinterestedinreceivingaproposalfromyou.我是科學(xué)出版社的編輯。我上周在外語教學(xué)會議上遇到你的丈夫，他提到，您有意出版有關(guān)專業(yè)信息交流指南的書。我讀過您寫的指南，我很感興趣，望您能提出出版申請。信件要簡短KeepingtheMessageShort.Emailmessagesareusuallyreadinadocumentwindowwithscrollbars,whichmakesithardertovisuallytracklongparagraphs.Messagesthatrequiremorethantwoscreensseemaburden.Thegeneralwaytocopewiththisdifficultyistokeepmessagesshort.Divideyourmessageintoshortparagraphsofonlyafewsentencesapiece.Useanitemizedlistifthereareparallelitemsinyourmessage.Figure18-6EmailMessagewithaListIwouldbehappytodiscussourqualityassuranceprojectatyourboardmeeting.HerearethetopicsIbelieveIcouldcoverin20minutes:Backgroundoftheproblem—Customercomplaints—CompetitiveresponsesTechnologySurvey——Vendorresponses——Ourreviews-SitevisitsProceduresreviewedLetmeknowifyou'dlikesomethingdifferent內(nèi)容有重點MakingEmphasis.Ifyouwanttomakeanemphasisinyouemailmessage,therearegenerallytwoways:lightemphasisandstrongemphasis.Ifyouwanttogivesomethingmildemphasis,youshouldencloseitinasterisks.Thisistheequivalentofitalicsinapaperdocument.Ineedthreemicrophonesforthespeechconteston*Wednesday*.Ifyouwanttoindicatestrongeremphasis,useallcapitallettersandgivesomeextraexclamationmarks.Forexample:Ifyou(urnthepoweruptoeleven,you'lloverheatthemotorsandITMIGHTEXPLODE!!Notethatyoushouldusecapitalletterssparingly,loomanycapitalletterswillconveythemessagewhichseemsthatyouarcshouting.Signature簽名Signaturesarenecessaryforemailofbusinesscorrespondence.Youcansteerpeople'simpressionseasilybytellingthemwhoyouare.Youcandothisbyaddingasignaturewithstatuscues.Forexample:BarbaraTaylorVice-PresidentofLegalAffairsStoneMachines,Inc.Manyemailprogramsallowyoutosetupadefaultsignaturetobeincludedattheendofeveiymessage.Manypeopleusethesesignaturesasaneasywaytogivetheirnameandalternatewaysofreachingthem.Forexample:HallieClarkAdministrativeOfficerLanguageServices,InternationalBaccalaureatePetersonHouse.MalthouseAvenue,CardiffGate,CARDIFFCF238GLUnitedKingdomTel:+442920547887Fax:+442920547778Web:<>Suchanextensiveamounlofsignatureinformationiscommonforbusinesscommunication,butnotnecessaryforpersonalcorrespondence.Muchoftheabovesignatureisextraneous.Iftheygottheemailfromyou,theycanreplydirectlybyemail.IftheyhavetosendaFAXorpackage,theycanaskforaddressinginformation.GuidelinesforEmail,Bepolite.禮貌Consideryourreader'sfeelingsandbesensitivetothepowerofthewrittenwords.Sendingunfriendlymessagesoftenmakeyouregretlater.Alwaysreadoveryourmessagecarefullybeforeyoupressthesendbutton.E-mailmessagesflyintocyberspaceveryquicklyandyoucannotgetthembacktomakeanamendment.Electronicprivacydoesn'texist.注意保護隱私ourwordsonpaperhavesomelegalprotection,whereaselectronicwordsaremuchhardertoprotect.E-mailmessagesarecopiedintotemporarystoragebyeachcomputerthattransmitsthem.Thismeansthatanyonewhohasaccesstothatnetworkedcomputercanreadallthemessagesitholds.So,don'tsendyourprivateorsecreteinformation,suchasyouraccountnumberorpersonalidentificationnumber(PIN)byemail;usesafermeansinstead.,Keepmessagesbrie于.內(nèi)容簡潔。Keepparagraphsshort.Don'taskyourreadertoscrollthroughparagraphsofunnecessaryinformationtolocatethenewsofyourmessage.Ifyouareusingapreviousmessage,copyonlythepertinentpassagesoftheoriginal.Makereferencesclear.標(biāo)明所回信件Beginyourmessagewithalineortwoexplainingwhichmessageyouarerespondingto.Ifyouarenewtotherespondent,beginbytellingwhoyouare.,Respecttheprivacyofemailmessages.尊重他人隱私Don'tcopyanddistributeawriter'smessagetootherswithoutthatwriter'spermission.Thewritermighthaveintendedhisorhermessagetoremainconfidential.,Editandproofreadcarefully.寫完校對Typographicalerrorsinyouremailcoulddiminishyourcredibilityanddistractthereaderfromyourmessage.Checkcarefullyyourgrammar,spelling,andpunctuationespeciallywhenyousendbusinessinformationbyemail.Figure18-7isane-mailmessageshowinghowseveralofthepreviousguidelinescanbeemployed.Figure18-7ElectronicMailDate：2008-03-1723:35:25To：From:Subject:QuestionsRegardingSCMMultiplayerMode有關(guān)單片機的多人游戲模式的問題DearDarryl,ThankyouforyourquickreplytomyrequestforinformationregardingthemultiplayermodeinSCM.Ihavetwofollow-upquestions:WhenIdonotenteranameforthegameIamhosting,Igetadialogboxstating“GameAlreadyinProgress/WhatshouldIdowhenIgetthisdialogbox?IfoundthatIcouldenteruptotwentycharacters,includingnumbers,spaces,andpunctuation,butIcouldn'tenterallcombinationsofsymbolsonthekeyboard.Besideslength,whatotherconstraintsarethereregardingsettinganameforamultiplayergame?IneedtohavethemultiplayerdocumentationfinishedbynextFriday.IwouldbegratefulifyouwouldrespondtomyquestionsnolaterthannextThursday,March20.感謝您快速回復(fù)我有關(guān)單片機的多人游戲模式的問題。我還有兩個后續(xù)問題：在還沒進入由我發(fā)起的游戲時，會出現(xiàn)一個“游戲在進行中”的對話框。出現(xiàn)這個對話框時，我應(yīng)該怎樣做？我發(fā)現(xiàn)我可以最多輸入20個字符，包括數(shù)字、空格和標(biāo)點符號，但并不是所有的符號組合我都能在鍵盤上輸入。除了長度，設(shè)置多人游戲的名字時是否還有什么其他的限制？我需要下周五完成有關(guān)多人游戲的文件。謹請下周四（3月20FD前回答我的問題，不勝感激。Thanks,DavidMatthewsExercisesWritetwomemosbycombiningthefollowinginformationtogether.Useastraightnarrativeforminthefirstmemoandanenumeratedforminthesecond.Whichdoyouprefer?Explainwhyandjustifyyourpreference.將以下信息整合，寫兩則備忘錄。第一個用敘述形式，第二個用列舉的形式。這兩個你更喜歡哪種？請解釋一下。（略）,ThemeetingwillbeheldonApril6at9:30A.M.,Lastmonthfourmachineshadexcessivedowntime.,ThesupervisorsaretomeetinConferenceRoomBintheadministrativewing.TwomonthsagoourproductionofcomponentBH22Xalsoplummeted.,OurproductionofcomponentBG43Xhasdropped.Ameetingofproductionsupervisorswillbeheld.Twoofourbestcustomershavecomplainedaboullateshipments.,Supervisorsshouldbringtothemeetingfiguresoncosts,equipment,personnel,andsoon.OnecustomerhascanceledhisstandingorderandisbuyinghisBG43Xsfromourcompetitor.MemoinNarrativeFormDate:January13,2010To:ProductionSupervisorsFrom:AllenYoung,ProductionManagerSubject:AMeetingofProductionSupervisorsWehavebeentroubledwiththefollowingproblemsrecently.Lastmonthfourmachineshadexcessivedowntime.Twoofourbestcustomershavecomplainedaboutlateshipments.OnecustomerhascanceledhisstandingorderandisbuyinghisBG43Xsfromourcompetitor.Therefore,ourproductionofcomponentBG43Xhasdropped.TwomonthsagoourproductionofcomponentBH22Xalsoplummeted.Wearegoingtohaveameetingofproductionsupervisorstocopewiththeseproblems.ThemeetingwillbeheldinConferenceRoomBintheadministrativewingonApril6at9:30A.M.Thesupervisorsshouldbringtothemeetingfiguresoncosts,equipment,personnel,andsoon.MemoinEnumerateFormDate:January13,2010To:ProductionSupervisorsFrom:AllenYoung,ProductionManagerSubject:AMeetingofProductionSupervisorsAmeetingofproductionsupervisorswillbeheldinConferenceRoomBintheadministrativewingonApril6at9:30A.M.todiscussthefollowingproblems.,Lastmonthfourmachineshadexcessivedowntime.?Twoofourbestcustomershavecomplainedaboutlateshipments.,OnecustomerhascanceledhisstandingorderandisbuyinghisBG43Xsfromourcompetitor.?OurproductionofcomponentBG43Xhasdropped.,TwomonthsagoourproductionofcomponentBH22Xalsoplummeted.Supervisorsshouldbringtothemeetingfiguresoncosts,equipment,personnel,andsoon.Formagroupoftwoorthreestudents.Writealettertoanappropriateperson(thepresident,(hedepartmentchair,orthemanagerofthebookstore)requestingasolutiontoaproblemonyourcampus.Afterthat,exchangeletterswithanothergroupofstudentsandwritealetterrespondingtothatgroup'sletter.兩三人組成一組。寫一封信(校長，系主任或書店經(jīng)理)要求解決校園里遇到的問題。寫完后，與其他組交換并對另一組所列問題做出反應(yīng)。,ThelackofstudentsonuniversitycommitteesTheneedfordepartmentalscholarshipsToofewpopularpaperbacksinthebookstoreThepoorqualityoffoodinthestudents,dininghallExample:ALetterofComplaintDearmanager:Thankyouforyourpresentationofsomanyhardcoversondifferentsubjectsinyourbookstore.Wereallylikethosebooks.Butsincewearenowstudentsandhavelessfinancialsources,wesimplycannotaffordthosehardcovers.Wouldyoupleaseprovideuswithmorepaperbacks(hatarcaffordable?Sincerely.Youhavereceivedanorderfortencassettetaperecordersandfivemicrophones.Buttheradioshopfailedtosupplytenfreecassette(apes(eachtbronerecorderasindicatedinthecatalogue).Writealetterofcomplaint,andthenanadjustmentletterinresponsetoit.你收到了一個包括10個錄音機和5個麥克風(fēng)的訂單。但是音響店沒有給你應(yīng)給的10盒磁帶(清單中指明每個錄音機一盒)。寫一封投訴信，然后寫一封相關(guān)調(diào)整函。ComplaintletterXXXXCompany:Thankyouforyourpromptdeliveryofthe10cassettetaperecordersandfivemicrophones,invoice#586399,thatwereorderedon16March.Yourcatalogindicatedthateachrecordercontainsacassettetapeandthusthereshouldbetentapesaltogether.Butnoneofthesewasincludedintheorderwereceived.Sinceyourinvoicedoesnotshowaseparatedeliveryofthetapes,webelievetheremayhavebeenanerrorinfillingtheorder.Pleasesendthemin7dayssincewehavetousethembeforethenewtermstarts.AdjustmentletterDearXXXX:YourletterofAprilI,concerningfree(apes,hasbeendirectedtomyattention.Thetapesarebeingsentbyairexpresstoday.Weregrettheomissionofthetapeswhenthetaperecorderswereshipped.Thiswasdue(oanerrorinfillingtheorderasyoumentioned.Wcapologizefbrtheinconveniencethishascausedandweappreciateyourunderstanding.Oneofyourmajorcustomers,theNBCDigitalCorporation,hasseriouscomplaints.TheequipmentthatwasdeliveredismissinganI/OboardfortheCPU,hasthewrongcharactersetfortheprinter,andhasbrokenprongsonthedisk-driveplug.Beyondtheseproblemstheshipmentwasfiveweekslatebecauseitwasoriginallydeliveredtothewrongcustomer.NBCDigitalCorporationdemandsanexplanationandaguaranteedsolutiontotheproblems.Nowyouaresupposedtowriteanadjustmentlettertoyourcustomeronbehalfofyourcompany.Answerthefollowingquestionsbeforeyouwrite:你的一個大客戶NBC數(shù)字公司向你提出嚴重投訴。運送的貨品中少了中央處理器的I/O板，打印機文字設(shè)置錯誤，磁盤驅(qū)動器的插頭上的彈簧斷了。除此之外，由于送貨送錯了客戶，導(dǎo)致貨品遲到5個星期。NBC數(shù)字公司要求解釋及問題解決辦法?，F(xiàn)在你要代表你的公司給客戶寫一封調(diào)整函。寫之前要回答以下問題。Howmuchofanexplanationshouldyouinclude?你要做出多少解釋？4.Foreachmistakeyoumade.Shouldyoumakeexcuses?應(yīng)該給自己找借口嗎？Yes,explainclearlyforeachmistakeyoumade.Shouldyoumakepromises?應(yīng)該做出許諾嗎？Yes.Onwhatactionsshouldbetaken.,Whatshouldyoufocusonoremphasize?你應(yīng)該強調(diào)什么?Actionsthatshouldbetaken.Whattoneshouldyoutake?你應(yīng)該采用何種語調(diào)？Afair,friendly,andfirmattitude.Example:Adjustmentletter:DearXXXX:YourletterofApril1,concerninginvoice#5783,hasbeendirectedtomyattention.TheI/OboardfortheCPUandabrand-newdisk-driveplugarebeingsentbyairexpresstoday.Andourafter-saleservicepersonalisonhiswaytoyourcompanyfortheresettingoftheprinter.WeregrettheomissionoftheI/Oboardwhenthethingswereshipped.Thiswasduetoanerrorinfillingtheorder.Wearealsoquitesorryforourcarelessnessinthecharactersettingoftheprinterwhichwascausedbythemisunderstandingofthewordsinyourorder.Thebrokenprongsmaybecausedbythecarelesscargador.Wealsoregretforthefive-weekdelaywhichwascausedbyadeliverytoawrongcustomer,lbmakeup,wegiveawaytwomoreyears?maintenanceforallthematerialsyoubought.Weapologizeagainfor（heinconveniencethishascausedandweappreciateyourunderstanding.V.Checkyouremailbox.Reviewemailmessagesyouhavewritten.Compareyourswiththoseyouhavereceived,especiallyfromsomelearnedpeople,andseewhetherthereareanydifferences.Thentry1tocomposeanemailmessagebyusingtheprinciplesandskillsyouhavelearnedfromthischapter.查看郵箱。回顧你所寫的郵件。將你寫的郵件與收到的郵件做比較，尤其是那些有學(xué)問的人的郵件，看看是否有區(qū)別。應(yīng)用本章節(jié)所學(xué)的原則和技巧寫一封電子郵件。（略）Thestandardmemoconsistsofeitherfburorfiveparts.Elementsofamemoareasfollows.To.Thispartprovidesthenameofthepersonwhoreceivesthememo,includingadepartmentifappropriate.From.Thispartprovidesthenameofthepersonwhosendsthememo,includingadepartmentifappropriate.Tomakeitclear,typeorwriteinyourfullnameandtitle.Youmayincludeyourtitleorpositionwithintheorganizationsoastoenhancedeliveryandtoprovideahistoricalrecord.Date.Thispartgivesthedale(hememoissent,notthedaleitwaswritten.Subject.Thispartprovidesaclearshortheadingthatcapturesexactlywhatthememoisabout.Theadvantageofasubjectlineisthatithelpsthereaderunderstandthecontentofthememobyalertinghimorhertothepurposeofthememo,anditallowsforquicksortingandretrievalofmemos.Ifyouchoosetoincludeasubjectline,youshouldmakeitspecificandpreciseinmeaningbecausea(oobroadsubjectwouldcausedifficultyinsortingandretrieval.TOOBROAD:AgencyInvestment部門投資Moreprecise：ElevatingRegulatoryAgencyInvestment增加管理機構(gòu)投資“CC"List."CC”formerlyreferstocarboncopiesoftheoriginaldocument.Photocopiersandwordprocessorshavemadethistechniquethepast,butihetermlivesonasaway(oindicatewho.otherthantheaddressee,shouldgetacopyofthememo.Thesearegenerallypeoplewhoshouldbeawareofasituationorprojectbutwhoarenotdirectlyinvolved.抄送名單。抄送原指的是原始文件的副本。復(fù)印機和文字處理器使這項技術(shù)已過時，但這個字眼繼續(xù)存在以表示除了收件人外還應(yīng)該得到備忘錄副本的人。這些人包括那些應(yīng)該了該解情況或該項目，但并沒有直接參與的人。Body.Therearcgenerallytwowaystopresentinformationinamemo,dependingonthenatureoftheinformation.Onewayistopresentyourinformationinastraightnarrativeform.Inthiscase,useseveralparagraphsinsteadofasinglelongone,andkeepeachparagraphshort(generallynolongerthansevenlines).Theotherwayistouseanenumeratedform,listingtheparallelitemsinaseriesofpoints.Ifyouchooseanenumeratedform,useaconsistentorderandcaptioningtechniquestomaketheorderclear.HerearetwomemosinFigures18-1AandI8-1B.Thefirstmemoispresentedinanarrativeform;thesecondmemoispresentedinanenumeratedform.Figure18-1AMemoranduminNarrativeFormDate:January18,2006To:DUS?Lenders市政總貸款人From:JohnPowell,VPStandardFlowChannel標(biāo)準流通部副經(jīng)理Subject:LenderMemo06-02,NewDUSUnderwriter,sNarrative主題：貸款人備忘錄06-02,新DUS保險文書ThepurposeofthisLenderMemoistoannouncethenewDUSUnderwriter'sNarrative(Narrative)intendedtohelpstreamlinetheunderwritingprocessandfurtherreduceunnecessaryorunwarrantedworkforourDUSLenders.ThenewformisapprovedforusewithallloansbeingdeliveredtoFannieMaeincludingthoseintheStandardFlowChannel($3-$25million),LargeLoans,StructuredTransactions,andMultifamilyAffordableHousing.TheformdoesnotreplacetheFannieMaeStreamlinedMortgageLoanSummaryReport.本貸款備忘錄的目的是宣布新的市政總承銷商文本，旨在幫助簡化承保過程，并進一步減少不必要的或未獲保證的工作。一旦新文書投入使用，全部貸款都交付到房利美，包括標(biāo)準流道($0.3-$2.5千萬美元)，大額貸款，結(jié)構(gòu)化交易，以及多戶經(jīng)濟適用住房。此形式不會取代房利美簡化按揭貸款總結(jié)報告。WearealsotransmittinganupdatedglossaryofloanandpropertytermsalongwiththismemoforLenderreference.TheglossaryhasdefinitionsforallfieldscurrentlydisclosedbyFannieMae.FuturereleasesoftheglossarywillincludeallC&Dfields.Cc:DavidStickel與本備忘錄一起，我們還傳遞一個貸款和財產(chǎn)方面的最新術(shù)語表以備貸款人參考。該術(shù)語表有對由房利美公開的各個領(lǐng)域的定義。未來發(fā)行的版本將包括所有拆建領(lǐng)域。抄送：DavidStickelSource:AdaptedfromeFanniemae(2008)(On-line].Available:.Figure18-1BMemoranduminEnumeratedFormDate:March31,2003To:Judges,Commissioners,Attorneys,andCustodyEvaluators法官、受委托人、律師和監(jiān)護權(quán)評估人員From:AliciaDavis,Staff,StandingCommitteeonChildrenandFamilyLaw兒童與婚姻家庭法常務(wù)委員會工作人員Re:NewCustodyEvaluationProcedures新的監(jiān)護權(quán)評估程序Notingthatcustodyevaluationsareofvaryingquality,thathighqualityevaluationscanbecostly,andthatwaitingforevaluationsstallsthelegalprocess,theJudicialCouncilchargedtheStandingCommitteeonChildrenandFamilyLawto“improvethequalityandtimelinessofcustodyevaluations.*'Havingstudiedtheissueindepth,theStandingCommitteenowpresentssubstantialrevisionstoRule4-903,"CustodyEvaluations^,oftheCodeofJudicialAdministration,aswellastheseaccompanyingforms.Thismemoexplainstheprocessenvisionedbytheforms,anddetailsthechangesmadetotherules.由于注意到監(jiān)護權(quán)評估良莠不齊，高質(zhì)量的評估非常昂貴，而等待評估會延緩司法進程，司法委員會命令負責(zé)兒童與婚姻家庭法常務(wù)委員會“提高質(zhì)量和監(jiān)護權(quán)評價的及時性:經(jīng)過深入的研究，常委會現(xiàn)在對4-903條例，即司法行政法典的“監(jiān)護權(quán)評估”及其相關(guān)表格，進行了大幅度修改。本備忘錄解釋這些表格所預(yù)設(shè)的過程，并詳細說明了條例的變化。Thecustodyevaluationprocedureshallbeasfollows:監(jiān)護權(quán)評估程序如下：Evaluatorreceivesthecourtorderofappointmentfromoneoftheattorneysandisnotifiedofthewebsitewherethenewrules,forms,andcustodyevaluationprocedurecanbedownloaded.評估人員從律師方收到法院任命書，并被告知下載新條例、表格及監(jiān)管評估程序的網(wǎng)站。Evaluatorcommencesandcompletesinformation-gatheringcomponentoftheevaluationandnotifiesthepartiesortheircounselwithinfivebusinessdaysofcompletionoftheinformation-gatheringprocess.評估人員開始并完成評估內(nèi)容的信息收集，并在5個工作日內(nèi)把信息收集的完成情況通知雙方當(dāng)事人及其辯護律師。CounselarrangesaSettlementConferenceincludingthecommissionerorjudge,theevaluator,allcounsel,andtheparties(exceptchildren)within45daysofnoticefromtheevaluatorthattheinformation-gatheringiscomplete.辯護律師在收到評估者告知信息收集程序完成后的45個工作口內(nèi)安排包括專員或法官、評估者、雙方律師以及雙方當(dāng)事人(除了孩子)參與的和解會議。Theevaluatorcompletestheidentifyinginformationonthe"SettlementConferenceReport"andmakeswrittennotationsoftopicstobecoveredverballyconcerning''SummaryofChildren'sNeeds"and"SummaryofEachParent'sandStepparent'sAbilityandPropensitytoProvidefortheseChildren'sNeeds."評估者完成有關(guān)“和解會議報告”的辨別信息并就口頭討論有關(guān)“孩子的需求總結(jié)”和“父母及養(yǎng)父母滿足孩子需求的能力和傾向的總結(jié)”的話題作出書面注解。DuringtheSettlementConference,theCommissioner/Judgeadvisesthepartiesoftheprocessandletstheevaluatorknowifcustodyrecommendationsaretobepresented.Theevaluatordistributescopiesofthepartially-completed"SettlementConferenceReport"forfurtherindividualnote-taking.Aftertheevaluatorpresentshis/herfindings,thecounselandpartiesdetermineifsettlementispossible,eitheratthattimeorafterfurthernegotiation.Attheconclusionofthemeeting,theCommissioner/Judge(a)issuesrestrictionsonwhatthechildrenaretoldaboutthefindingsandbywhom,and(b)restrictsdistributionofthe"SettlementConferenceReport"andaskstheparties'counseltoretaintheirclients'copies.在和解會議上，專員/法官給雙方提出建議并讓評估人員了解是否要提交監(jiān)護建議。評估人員發(fā)放部分完成的“和解會議報告”以方便個人記錄。在評估人員介紹其調(diào)查結(jié)果后，律師和雙方當(dāng)事人決定和解是否可行，是在當(dāng)時和解還是之后進一步談判。在會議結(jié)束時，專員/法官(1)應(yīng)該確定可以告知孩子哪些調(diào)查結(jié)果以及由誰來告知(2)限制“和解會議報告”的分發(fā)并要求雙方律師保留客戶的副本。Evaluatorreceives,preferablywithin10daysaftertheconference,(a)arequestfromanycounsel/partyinthecasethatawrittenreportisnecessaryor(b)noticefromcounselthatasettlementhasbeenreachedandtheevaluationcasecanbeclosed.評估人員在和解會議后10天內(nèi)收到(1)來自任何律師/案件當(dāng)事人的書面要求(如果書面報告是必要的話)或(b)關(guān)于和解協(xié)議已達成和評價可以結(jié)束的律師通知。Source:AdaptedfromCourtFormsandInstructions(2008)[On-line].Available:ources/forms/.Regardlessofwhichformyouuse,youshouldstatethemainpointearlyin(hebodyof(hememo.Evenifyouneedtogivesomebackgroundinformationonthesituationortheproblem,themainpointshouldcomeasearlyaspossible.Ifyourmemoislongerthanonepage,considerusingsubheadingstoseparatepartsofthememo,whichwillmakethetaskofreadingthememoeasier.II.LettersLetters,otherthanmemos,arcnormallysenttosomeoneoutsideanorganization.Whenyouwriteabusinessletter,youmustassumeIhalyouraudiencehaslimitedlimetoreadilandislikelytoskim.Yourreadershaveaninterestinwhatyousayinsofarasitaffectstheirworkingworld.Theywanttoknowthepointyouaremakingaboutasituationorproblemandhowtheyshouldrespond.Therefore,technicallettersstrivetobeclearandconcise;itstressesspecificityandaccuracy.Thisdistinctionreflectstheuniquepurposeandconsiderationsinvolvedinwritinginabusinesscontext.信函，與備忘錄不同，通常是發(fā)送給本組織以外的人員的。在寫商業(yè)信函時.，你必須假定你的收件人的閱讀時間有限，很可能只匆匆瀏覽一下。你的讀者或許因為信件會對他們的工作造成影響而產(chǎn)生閱讀它的興趣。他們想了解你對情況或問題的看法，想從中知道他們該如何應(yīng)對。因此，專業(yè)技術(shù)信件要盡量簡明扼要，它強調(diào)明確性和準確性。這一特征反映出在商業(yè)環(huán)境中寫作的獨特目的以及應(yīng)該做什么考慮。ElementsofaLetterTheconventionaltechnicalletterhassixelementsasfollows.標(biāo)題Heading.Theheadingincludesthewriter'sname,theorganization'sname,thefulladdressandothercontactdetailssuchasthedatetheletterissent.收信人姓名與地址InsideAddress.Theinsideaddressincludesthefullname,titleandaddressandothercontactdetailsoftherecipient.稱呼語Salutation.Useanappropriategreeting.Thoughitisstilltraditionaltoincludeasalutation,suchasDearMr.MyersorDearMs.Wolf,sonicprofessionalorganizations,inordertoavoidthedilemmaoftitlesandtheinadvertentuseofsexistlanguage,suggestthatthesalutationbelimitedandthatthebodybegindirectlyaftertheinsideaddress.Ifyouchoosetodothis,useasubjectorreferencelineinsteadofthesalutation.正文Body.