中國文化英語教程Unit 19課件

Unit19AVarietyofSplendidFolkArtsLead-inTextstudyExercisesContentIntroductionCloisonné

(景泰藍):ArtifactswiththeGleamofPreciousGemsNewYearPicture(年畫):EnhancingtheFestiveAtmospherePapercuts:AWorldCreatedwithScissorsTextstudyEmbroidery(刺繡):TenFingerLikeaSpringBreezeShadowPlay(皮影):theArtofLightandShadowIntroductionFolkartsinChinahavedevelopeddynamically,withmanyformsenjoyingaworldwidereputation.Herewepresentanintroductiontoaselectfew.CloisonnéisatraditionalartwidelyknowninandoutsideChina.ItisakindofsuperblocalexpertisefromBeijing,whichcombinestheskillsofbronzeart,porcelain,carving,andothertypesoffolkarts.Itisdeemedvaluableintheeyesofcollectors,aswellasprovidingrefinedornamentsfordailyuse.景泰藍——故宮珍品Cloisonné—apieceoftreasureinForbiddenCity

Cloisonné:ArtifactswiththeGleamofPreciousGemsThemakingofcloisonnéfirstappearedduringtheJingtaireign(1450-1457)oftheMingDynasty,withthemaincolorusedbeingblue,hencethename"Jingtaiblue"orcloisonnéasitbecameknownlateron.BythetimeoftheChenghuareign(1465-1487),thetechniquesformakingcloisonnéwerefurtherdeveloped,withproductsofthisperiodlookingheavyanddignifiedyetnotlackingineloquenceorvividness.Cloisonné:ArtifactswiththeGleamofPreciousGemsItsmouth,bellyandbaseareweldedtogetherinsteadofbeingoriginallyonepiece.Itssurfaceisfirstinlaidwithcopperwires,beforethecolorfulglazeisapplied.Theninepeachesandbatshavethesymbolicmeaningofhappiness,longevityandpeace.壽意瓶Cloisonnévasewithapeach-and-batdesignCloisonné:ArtifactswiththeGleamofPreciousGemsthemakingofthecoppercast:filigree(掐絲);stippling(點刻)blue;Heating;Burnishing;Gliding.Cloisonné:ArtifactswiththeGleamofPreciousGemsSixstepsofcloisonnéproduction:SpringFestival(orChineseNewYear)isthemostimportanttraditionalfestivalinChina.Peoplecelebrateitwithlanternsandstreamers,nomatterwheretheylive,inthecountrysideorinthecity.NewYearpicturesareanindispensablepartofthiscelebrationforeachandeveryhousehold.PeopleputupNewYearpicturesintheirhomestoenhancethelivelyfestiveatmosphere.NewYearPictures:EnhancingtheFestiveAtmosphereMostNewYearpicturesfeaturedesignssymbolizinggoodfortune,auspiciousness(吉利)andactivities.NewYearPictures:EnhancingtheFestiveAtmosphereChinaisacountryofvastterritory,sothestylesofNewYearpicturesvaryfromnorthtosouth.ThenorthernNewYearpicturesarebestrepresentedbythoseproducedinYangliuqinginTianjinMunicipality,whileinthesouththerearethosefromTaohuawuinSuzhouCity,JiangsuProvince.NewYearPictures:EnhancingtheFestiveAtmosphereYangliuqingisasmalltownlocatedinthesouthwesternoutskirtsofTianjin.About300yearsago,itsNewYearpicturesbegantoenjoygreatfame,witheveryfamilyadeptatcreatingthisparticulargenreofpainting.YangliuqingNewYearpicturesadoptthemethodofxylograph

(版畫印畫法)

overprintingcombinedwithhand-paintedcolor.henceestablishingitsdistinctivefeatureof"halfprinting,halfpainting".NewYearPictures:EnhancingtheFestiveAtmosphereTheprocessofmakingNewYearpictures:1)carvedesignsoutofwood;2)printthepictures;3)colorthepictures;4)mount(裱貼)thepictures.Allpicturesarehandmadepaintingsratherthanmass-producedproducts,andallevoketracesofthewoodcutandthefeelofbrushwork.Withexquisitecraftsmanship,YangliuqingNewYearpicturesareverypopularwithChinesepeople.NewYearPictures:EnhancingtheFestiveAtmosphere楊柳青年畫YangliuqingNewYearPictureNewYearPictures:EnhancingtheFestiveAtmosphereTaohuawuNewYearpictures,producedusingtraditionaltechniquesofwatercolorblockprinting,arecharacteristicofthedelicateandgentlestyleinareassouthofthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.Thematically,thepicturesdrawmuchfromthepaintingsofliteratiaswellasfolkstories;whileartistically,mostarescholarlyandrefined,unliketheheavyandresplendentstyleoftheYangliuqingpictures.NewYearPictures:EnhancingtheFestiveAtmosphere桃花塢年畫TaohuawuNewYearPictureNewYearPictures:EnhancingtheFestiveAtmosphereThepapercutisaspecialfolkartinChina,withahistoryofnearlyl,000years.Thematerialsusedaresimple:ordinarypaperandapairofscissors(oracuttingknife).Askilledpaper-cuttingcraftspersoncutspaperintodesignslikedoingmagictricks.Papercuttingisatypeofimprovised(即興創(chuàng)作的)artwithpowerfulexpression.傳統(tǒng)剪紙AfolkpapercutPapercuts:AWorldCreatedwithScissorsInancientChina,peopleenjoyedthetraditionofmakingandhanginglanternsforfestivalsandjoyousoccasions.Theshapesoflanternsvaried,fromredlanternshunginmidair,running-horselanterns,lotuslanternsonthesurfaceofwater,andlionlanternslovedbychildren.Peoplesometimesdrewpicturesonthelanternsbutmoreoftenwouldprefertopastepapercutsofdifferentpatterns,which,setoffbythelanternlight,becameevenmorevividandinteresting.Papercuts:AWorldCreatedwithScissorsEmbroidery:TenFingersLikeaSpringBreezeChinaishometosilkandtoavarietyofartsrelatedtosilk,oneofwhichisembroidery.Mostembroiderersarewomen,hencethebynameforembroideryof,"women'sneedlework".Withalonghistoryofseveralthousandyears,embroideryhasbeenaloveoftheChinesepeople.Itisappliedtoadornclothes,quiltsandpillowcases,orapieceofembroideryworkcanbeanornamentinitself.繡片——柳眉翠鳥AsearlyasintheSongDynasty,ChinaofficiallyestablishedtheSatinAcademy(錦院)andtheEmbroideryAcademy(繡院),whereagreatnumberofweavingandembroideryprofessionalsgatheredtogethertopromotethestandardsofsilkweavingandembroidery.Embroidery:TenFingersLikeaSpringBreezeEmbroidery:TenFingersLikeaSpringBreezeChinahasfourmostfamoustypesofembroidery-respectivelyfromSuzhou,Guangdong,Hunan,andSichuan-eachwithitsownstyleanddifferentthemes.Historically,Suzhouembroiderywasfamousforitscats,Hunanembroideryforitstigers,Guangdongembroideryforitsbirds(themostfamousbeingOneHundredBirdsWorshipthePhoenix

(《百鳥朝鳳》)),andSichuanembroideryforitslandscapesandhumanfigures.Embroidery:TenFingersLikeaSpringBreeze蘇繡——貓Suzhouembroidery—catEmbroidery:TenFingersLikeaSpringBreeze湘繡——虎Hunanembroidery—tigerEmbroidery:TenFingersLikeaSpringBreeze粵繡GuangdongembroideryEmbroidery:TenFingersLikeaSpringBreeze蜀繡SichuanembroideryEmbroidery:TenFingersLikeaSpringBreeze蘇繡《意大利皇后愛麗娜像Suzhouembroidery,PortraitofanItalianQueenSuzhouembroideryisproducedmainlyintheSuzhouarea,inadditiontoYangzhou,WuxiandChangzhou.Suzhouisabundantinsilk,andpeoplehereandinthesurroundingareasareknownfortheirmeticulousworkstyle.Forthesetworeasons,embroideryhasdevelopedquickly,withSuzhouembroiderygainingthereputationof"usingneedlestodrawpictureswithsuperbcraftsurpassingnature".ShadowPlay:theArtofLightandShadowInthelatterhalfofthe18thcentury,aformofdramaaroseinFrancecalled“FrenchLightandShadow”,whichcausedagreatsensationwhenitwasstagedinParisandMarseilles.ThiswasanartisticformcreatedonthebasisoftheChineseshadowplay,introducedintoFrancebymissionaries.Interestingly,forthe2004China-FranceYearofCulture,ChineseartistsintroducedtoFranceanewshadowplay-TheDanceofShadows(《影之舞》).Itwouldbeapttosaythattheartofshadowplayhasbeenawitnessandbridgetoculturalexchangebetweenthetwocountries.ShadowPlay:theArtofLightandShadow皮影牛郎織女Shadowplay:TheCowBoyandtheWeavingGirlShadowPlay:theArtofLightandShadowTheshadowplayisanindigenousformofdramainChina.Inthe13thcenturyitwasintroducedintoWestAsia,andbythe18thcenturyithadspreadtootherpartsoftheworld.FamedGermanpoetGoethe(1749-1832)praisedit,andthegreat20th-centuryartistCharlieChaplin(1889-1977)wasinspiredbyitwhenhemadehislegendarysilentfilms.ShadowPlay:theArtofLightandShadowTheshadowplayisinfacttheworld'searliest“movieart”withtheaccompanimentofhumanvoice.Itfirstappearedmorethan2,000yearsago,andbytheSongDynastythisarthadbecomehighlydevelopedwithitsmainartisticformalreadyestablished.ShadowPlay:theArtofLightandShadowThemakingofshadow-playpuppets(術(shù)偶)requireschoicematerialsandskills.First,donkeyhide

(驢皮)hastobefoundtomaketheheads,limbsandtorsosofthehumanfigures,whicharethenpaintedandconnectedintofullpuppetsusingthreadandlinks.Duringtheperformance,lightshinesonthehumanfigures,whosesilhouettes(輪廓)

arereflectedonascreen.Throughtheirmovements,theyvividlyactoutstories,creatingaworldofimaginationmixedwithreality,whichdelightsboththeeyesandheartsoftheaudience.ShadowPlay:theArtofLightandShadowTheappealofshadowplayliesnotonlyinitspuppet-makingbutmoreinitsperformance.Severalperformersstandbehindawhitescreen,operatingpuppetsofdifferentappearances,whilerelatingthestoryorsingingtotheaccompanimentofpercussions(打擊樂器)orstringedmusicalinstruments.ShadowPlay:theArtofLightandShadowShadowplaysfromHuaxianCountyofShaanxiProvincearethebestknown,withlocalpeopleevengivingitanotherdescriptivenameasa“Five-personEvent”(五人忙).becausefiveperformersareinvolvedineachperformance.ShadowPlay:theArtofLightandShadowTheqianshengisresponsibleforsingingthedifferentrolesofaplay;theqianshouoperatesthemovementsofthepuppets;thezuocaoisresponsibleforbeatingthegongs(鑼),bowlsandpercussions;theshangdangforplayingthetwo-stringedfiddleandtrumpet(喇叭);andthexiadangforplayingthebanhufiddleandtrombone(長號),

aswellasassistingtheqianshou.ShadowPlay:theArtofLightandShadowHowgoodashadowplayisdependsonthesingingandthehandlingofthepuppets.Itisnosimplematteratalltooperatethepuppetsusingfivebamboosticks.Itneedsdeftfingersontheperformers'part,andagoodpuppeteercandazzletheaudiencewiththeintriguingmovementsofthepuppets.ExercisesComprehensionCommunicationApplicationComprehensionI.SkimmingandScanning

Gothroughthepassagequicklyandfillinthefollowingtable.ChineseFolkArtsNamesHistoryTypicalProducingAreasUsesorImportanceExample(s)TechniquesCloisonnéNewYearPicturePapercutsEmbroideryShadowPlayComprehensionNamesHistoryTypicalProducingAreasUsesorImportanceExample(s)TechniquesCloisonnéfromtheJingtaireignoftheMingDynastyBeijingvaluablecollection,ornamentsfordailyuseaQing-dynastycloisonnévasewithapeach-and-batdesignbronzeart,porcelain,carving,andothertypesoffolkartsKeys:Tobecontinued>>>ComprehensionNamesHistoryTypicalProducingAreasUsesorImportanceExample(s)TechniquesNewYearPicturenotmentionedYangliuqinginthesouthwesternoutskirtsofTianjin;TaohuawuinSuzhouCity,JiangsuProvinceanindispensablepartofNewYearcelebrationforeachandeveryhouseholdSurplusinSuccessiveYear;MotherandSonYangliuqingstyle:xylographoverprintingcombinedwithhand-paintedcolor;Taohuawustyle:traditionaltechniquesofwatercolorblockprintingTobecontinued>>>ComprehensionNamesHistoryTypicalProducingAreasUsesorImportanceExample(s)TechniquesPapercutsAhistoryofnearly1000yearsXi’anputonthewindowsorpastedonlanternsjoyousbabyimagesorbeautifulbutterfliesapieceofredpaperisfoldedandthencutseveraltimesTobecontinued>>>ComprehensionNamesHistoryTypicalProducingAreasUsesorImportanceExample(s)TechniquesEmbroideryahistoryofseveralthousandyearsSuzhou,Guangdong,Hunan,Sichuanusedtoadornclothes,quiltsandpillowcases,orasanornamentOneHundredBirdsWorshipthePhoenix;PortraitofanItalianQueenFineclosestitches,donewithoneortwotypesofsilkthreadandhair-thinneedlesTobecontinued>>>ComprehensionNamesHistoryTypicalProducingAreasUsesorImportanceExample(s)TechniquesShadowPlayMorethan2000yearsagoHuaxianCountyofShaanxiProvinceanimportantentertainmentatfestivalsTheDanceofShadows“movieart”withtheaccompani-mentofhumanvoiceComprehensionII.CarefulReading

1.Gothroughthepassagequicklyandanswerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.1)WhatarethecharacteristicsofthecloisonnéproductsduringChenghuareign?2)HowmanystepsofcloisonnéproductionarementionedinParagraph5?ThecloisonnéproductsduringChenghuareignlookedheavyanddignifiedyetvivid.SixstepsofcloisonnéproductionarementionedinParagraph5:makingofthecoppercast,filigree,stipplingblue,heating,burnishing,andgilding.4)WhatwishesareoftenconveyedbythedesignsofNewYearpictures?5)WhatisthedistinctivefeatureofYangliuqingNewYearpictures?ThedesignsofNewYearpicturesusuallyconveypeople'swishesforgoodfortune,auspiciousnessandfestivity.Comprehension3)WhythequalityofthecloisonneproductsafterQingDynastycouldnotmatchthatoftheearlierones?Becauseofoverproductionandtheunevenskillsofcraftspeople,thequalityofthecloisonnéproductsafterQingDynastycouldnotmatchthatoftheearlierones.ThedistinctivefeatureofYangliuqingNewYearpicturesis"halfprinting,halfpainting".Comprehension7)WhatareTaohuawuNewYearpicturesfamousfor?8)Whysomecraftspeopleevendonotsettheireyesonwhattheyaredoingwhiledoingpaper-cutting?ThethemesofTaohuawuNewYearpicturesaremostlyfromthepaintingsofliteratiandfolkstories.TaohuawuNewYearpicturesarefamousforitspureandattractiveimagesofwomen.Somecraftspeopleevendonotsettheireyesonwhattheyaredoingwhiledoingpaper-cuttingbecausetheyaresoskilledatthisfolkartthattheycandoitlikedoingmagictricks.6)WhatarethemainthemesofTaohuawuNewYearpictures?ComprehensionThefourfamoustypesofembroideryareSuzhou,Guangdong,Hunan,andSichuanembroidery.10)Whatarethefourfamoustypesofembroidery?9)Whatareneededforpapercutting?Inpapercutting,paperandapairofscissorsareneeded.11)WhycanSuzhouembroiderystandout?SuzhouembroiderycanstandoutbecauseSuzhouisabundantinsilkandpeopleherearemeticulousattheirneedlework.ComprehensionThefiverolesina"Five-personEvent"aretheqiansheng,theqianshou,thezuocao,theshangdang,andthexiadang.13)Whatarethefiverolesina"Five-personEvent"?12)HowdidChineseshadowplayinfluenceCharlieChaplin?CharlieChaplinwasinspiredbyChineseshadowplaywhenhemadehislegendarysilentfilms.Comprehension2.PutthefollowingintoEnglishbyreferringtothepassage.1)清朝景泰藍壽意瓶

2)《連年有余》3)《母子圖》4)《百鳥朝鳳》5)《影之舞》AQing-dynastycloisonnévasewithapeach-and-batdesignSurplusinSuccessiveYearsMotherandSonOneHundredBirdsWorshipthePhoenixTheDanceofShadowsComprehension3.Thefollowingaretheimagesinthedesignsoffolkartsworksmentionedinthepassage.TranslatethemintoChineseandexplaintheirsymbolicmeanings.1)theninepeachesandbats2)acuteplumpbaby3)abigcarp4)abouquetoflotusflowers5)Themotherwithafaninhandiscallingouttoherplumpson丸桃與蝙蝠可愛的胖娃娃大鯉魚一束蓮花母親拿著扇子，招呼著窗外的兒子CommunicationLikemanyothertraditionalChinesearts,Chineseknottinghasalonghistory.Itdatesbacktoprehistorictimes,whenChineseancestorstiedknotstorecordeventsandthingsintheirdailylife.Withtimepassingby,therecordingmediachangesfromtherope,theoraclebone,paperandbrush,leadandfire,uptofireandelectric.Nowadays,thetinycolorfulropeisnolongerusedasarecordingmedium;however,makingitintoallkindsofknotsrevivesaseriesofbeautifulancientlegendarystories.TrytofindtheinstructionsonlineonhowtotieaChineseKnot.ApplicationShadowplayorshadowpuppetryisanancientformofstorytellingandentertainmentusingopaque,oftenarticulatedfiguresinfrontofanillumi