屆高考英語(yǔ)實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練專題閱讀理解《附詳析》 優(yōu)秀獎(jiǎng) 省賽獲獎(jiǎng) 名師獲獎(jiǎng)

2022屆高考英語(yǔ)實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練專題閱讀理解（96-100）《附詳析》(第96篇)Whenpeoplehearapresidentspeak,theyseldomthinkaboutothershelpingtoshapethepresentation(報(bào)告).Today,however，presidentsdependonwriterssuchasJ.TerryEdmondstohelpthemcommunicate(交流)effectively.EdmondsisthefirstAfricanAmericanevertoworkasafull-timespeechwriterforaU.S.president；heisalsothefirstAfricanAmericantoserveasdirectorofspeechwritingfortheWhiteHouse.Hisisanall-Americanstoryofsuccess.EdmondsgrewupinBaltimore,Maryland;hisfatherdroveatruck，andhismotherworkedasawaitress.Agreatreader,Edmondsshowedagiftforwritingathishighschool，BaltimoreCityCollege.Aftergraduatingin1967,EdmondswentontoMorganEdmondsbeganhiscareerinbusiness,withjobsinpublicrelationsandcommunications.Hejoinedtheworldofpoliticsasnewssecretaryforhiscongressman(國(guó)會(huì)議員)fromBaltimore.DuringBillClinton’spresidency,hewrotespeechesforHealthandHumanServicesSecretaryDonnaShalalaandworkedinanumberofjobsintheWhiteHouseandingovernmentaldepartments.PresidentClintonthenappointed(任命)himtotheofficeofdirectorofspeechwriting.Followingthe2000elections,EdmondsreturnedtoMorganStateUniversityastheschool’sspecialassistanttothepresidentfor2022—2022.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]文章主要介紹美國(guó)總統(tǒng)演講稿撰寫人Edmonds的成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷。1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.Edmondsprovedhimselftobegoodatwritingathighschool.B.EdmondsgraduatedfromMorganC.Edmondswasthefirstfull-timespeechwriter.D.EdmondsservedtheWhiteHouseafter2000.[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句．..Edmondsshowedagiftforwritingathishighschool，BaltimoreCityCollege.可知Edmonds上中學(xué)時(shí)就表現(xiàn)出了寫作天賦，故選A。[答案]A2.Edmondsenteredtheworldofpoliticsfirstas________.A.newssecretaryforacongressmanB.aspeechwriterforPresidentClintonC.newssecretaryintheWhiteHouseD.aspeechwriterforSecretaryDonnaShalala[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Hejoinedtheworldofpoliticsasnewssecretaryforhiscongressman(國(guó)會(huì)議員)fromBaltimore.可知答案為A。[答案]A3.Thetextismostlikelytobefoundinabookabout________.A.popularscience B.historicaleventsC.successfulpeople D.politicalsystems[解析]推理判斷題。本文主要是介紹Edmonds的成功經(jīng)歷，故本題選C。[答案]C(第97篇)Outsidehershabbycottage,oldMrs.Tailorwashangingoutlaundryonawireline,unawarethatsomechildrenlayhiddenintheleavesofanearbytreewatchinghereverymove.Theyweredeterminedtofindoutifshereallywasawitch.Theywatchedasshetookabroomsticktocleanthedirtfromherstonesteps.But,muchtotheirdisappointment,shedidnotmountthebroomstickandtakeflight.Suddenly，theoldlady’sworkwasinterruptedbythecacklingofherhen—asignalthatanegghadbeenlaidinthewarmnestontopofthehaystack.TheoldbroomstickwasputasideasshehobbledofftowardsthehaystackfollowedbySooty,ablackcatshehadrescuedfromafoxtrapsometimeback.Withonlythreelegs,itwashardforSootytokeepupwiththeoldlady.Thecatprovidedproof—thechildrenweresurethatonlyawitchwouldownablackcatwiththreelegs.There，standingonawoodenbox,wasMrs.Tailor,stretchingouttogatherherpreciousegg.Takingtheegginoneofherhands,shebegantoclimbdownwhen,withoutwarning,theboxbrokeandtheoldladyfell.“Wehavetogoandhelpher,”whisperedAmy.“Whatifitisatrick？”repliedBen.“Don’tbesilly,Ben.Ifshewereawitch,shewouldhaveturnedusintofrogsalready，”reasonedMeg.“ComeonAmy,let’sgo.”Thegirlsclimbeddownthetreeandranallthewaytothehaystack.Approachingcarefully,theycouldseeawoundontheoldlady’sface.Shehadknockedherheadonastoneandheranklewasdefinitelybroken.“GoandgetDad，”Amyyelledtoherbrother.“Tellhimabouttheaccident.”Theboysdidnotneedanotherexcusetoleave.Theyranasfastastheycouldforhelp,hopingthatMrs.Tailorwouldnotwakeandturnthegirlsintofrogs.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]孩子們對(duì)住在破舊房舍里的、用掃帚柄掃臺(tái)階的、后面跟著一只黑色的三條腿的貓的Old是不是巫師很感興趣，于是躲在附近的樹上偷偷觀察，結(jié)果如何呢？本文的寓意又是什么呢？1.Whywerethechildrenhidinginthetree?A.TheywantedtowatchMrs.Tailordoherhouseworkclosely.B.Theywereplayingahide-and-seekgame.C.TheywantedtofindoutiftherumorsaboutMrs.Tailorweretrue.D.Theywerepretendingtobespies.[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由首段尾句Theyweredeterminedtofindoutifshereallywasawitch.可知孩子們想看看人們對(duì)老太太是巫師的傳言是否是真的。[答案]C2.Mrs.Tailorstoppedsweepingwhen________.A.herfrontstepswerecleanB.shenoticedthechildreninthetreeC.shewasreadytotakeaflightD.sheheardthehencackling[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段倒數(shù)最后一句可知答案為D。[答案]D3.BendidnotrushtohelpMrs.Tailorbecause________.A.hethoughtthatshecouldbetrickingthemB.heknewthattheyshouldnothavebeeninthetreeC.hedidnotseetheoldladyfalldownD.hewasafraidofthethree-leggedcat[解析]推理判斷題。從文中描述的內(nèi)容可知，Ben認(rèn)為Mrs.Tailor是一個(gè)巫師，他認(rèn)為可能是Mrs.Tailor在使詭計(jì)，所以在兩個(gè)女孩子前去救助時(shí)，他依然沒有奔向前去幫助Mrs.Tailor。[答案]A4．Whichoftheseoldsayingsbestsuitsthestory’slessonforus?A.Makehaywhilethesunshines.B.Neverjudgeabookbyitscover.C.Peopleinglasshousesshouldnotthrowstones.D.Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.[解析]推理判斷題。通讀全文可以推知，作者想告訴我們“不要以貌取人或僅從事物的表象來(lái)判斷事物”。[答案]B(第98篇)AndrewRitchie,inventoroftheBromptonfoldingbicycle,oncesaidthattheperfectportablebikewouldbe“l(fā)ikeamagiccarpet...Youcouldfolditupandputitintoyourpocketorhandbag”.Thenhepaused：“Butyou’llalwaysbelimitedbythesizeofthewheels.Andsofarnoonehasinventedafoldingwheel.”Itwasarare—indeedunique—occasionwhenIwasabletoputRitchieright.A19th-centuryinventor，WilliamHenryJamesGrout，didinfactdesignafoldingwheel.Hisbike,predictablynamedtheGroutPortable,hadaframethatsplitintotwoandalargerwheelthatcouldbeseparatedintofourpieces.AllthebitsfittedintoGrout’sWonderfulBag，aleathercase.Grout’saim:tosolvetheproblemsofcarryingabikeonadoesn’tthatsoundfamiliar?Groutintendedtofindawayofmakingabikesmallenoughfortraintravel:hisbikewasahugebeast.Andimportantly,thedesignofearlybicyclesgavehimanadvantage：inGrout’sday，tyresweresolid，whichmadethebusinessofsplittingawheelintofourseparatepartsrelativelysimple.Youcouldn’tdothesamewithawheelfittedwithaone-pieceinflated(充氣的)tyre.So，ina21st-centurycontext,istheideaofthefoldingwheeldead?Itisnot.ABritishdesignengineer,DuncanFitzsimons,hasdevelopedawheelthatcanbesquashedintosomethinglikeaslenderellipse(橢圓).Throughout，thetyreremainsinflated.WilltheyoungFitzsimons’sfoldingwheelmakeitintoproduction?Ihaven’tthefoggiestidea.Buthisinventivenessshowstwothings.First,peoplehavebeensayingformorethanacenturythatbikedesignhasreacheditslimit,exceptforgradualadvances.It’sassillyaconceptnowasitwas100-years-ago：there’splentystilltogofor.Second,itisinthefieldoffoldingbikesthatweareseeingthemostinterestinginventions.Youcanbuyafoldingbikeforlessthan￡1,000thatcanbeknockeddownsosmallthatitcanbecarriedonaplane—minuswheels,ofcourse—ashandbaggage.Foldingwheelswouldmakeallmannerofthingspossible.HaveweyetgotthemagiccarpetofAndrewRitchie’simagination?No.Butit’sprogress.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]一位發(fā)明家想要發(fā)明折疊自行車的話，最大的困難是如何折疊輪子。其實(shí)19世紀(jì)的一位發(fā)明家在當(dāng)年已經(jīng)做到了，令人欣喜的是現(xiàn)在又有人想出了折疊輪子的辦法。我們都在期待著。1.WecaninferfromParagraph1thatthcBromptonfoldingbike________.A.wasportableB.hadafoldingwheelC.couldbeputinapocketD.lookedlikeamagiccarpet[解析]推理判斷題。這種自行車的特點(diǎn)是便于攜帶，而不是呈地毯狀或?yàn)榈氖悄芊胚M(jìn)口袋，故不能選C或D。[答案]A2.WecanlearnfromthetextthatthewheelsoftheGroutPortable________.A.weredifficulttoseparateB.couldbesplitinto6piecesC.werefittedwithsolidtyresD.werehardtocarryonatrain[解析]推理判斷題。從文章第三段“Andimportantly...inGrout’sday，tyresweresolid...”可得知答案。他的折疊方法只適合當(dāng)時(shí)的固體輪胎。[答案]C3.WecanlearnfromthetextthatFitzsimons’sinvention________.A.keptthetyreasawholepieceB.wasmadeintoproductionsoonC.leftlittleroomforimprovementD.changedourviewsonbagdesign[解析]推理判斷題。從文章第四段“squashedinto...likeaslenderellipse”可得知答案。[答案]A4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreefoldingbikeinventorsB.ThemakingofafoldingbikeC.ProgressinfoldingbikedesignD.Waysofseparatingabikewheel[解析]主旨大意題。全文講述了不同時(shí)期的三位發(fā)明家對(duì)折疊自行車的探索。故選C。[答案]C(第99篇)Weoncehadapostercompetitioninourfifthgradeartclass.“Youcouldwinprizes，”ourteachertoldusasshewrotetheposterinformationontheblackboard.Shepassedoutsheetsofconstructionpaperwhilecontinuing，“Thefirstprizeistendollars.Youjusthavetomakesurethatthewordsontheblackboardappearsomewhereonyourposter.”Westudiedtheboardcritically.Someofuslookedwithoneeyeandheldupcertaincolorsagainsttheblackboard,rockingthesheetstotherightorleftwhileweconjuredupourdesigns.Otherstwistedtheirhairaroundtheirfingersorchewedtheireraserswhiledeepinthought.Wehadplansforthatten-dollargrandprize,eachandeveryoneofus.I’mgoingtospendmineoncandies,onehopefulwouldannounce,whileanotherpracticedlookingserious,wiseandrich.Everyoneintheclassmadeaposter.Someofususedpartsofthosefancypapernapkins,whileothersusednothingbutcoloredconstructionpaper.Someofususedbigdesigns,andsomeofuspreferredtogatherourarttidilydowninonecornerofourposterandletthespacedrawtheviewer’sattentiontoit.Someofuswouldwanderpastthegoodstudents’desksandthenreturntoourownprojectswithagrowingsenseofhopelessness.Itwasyetanothergrown-uptrickofthesorttheyseemedespeciallyfondof,makingallofusbelievewehadafairchance,andthenalways—always—rewardingthesameoldwinners.IbelieveIdrewasailboat,butIcan’tsaythatwithanycertainty.Imadeit.Iadmiredit.IdeterminedittobetheverybestofallofthepostersIhadseen，andthenIturneditin.Minutespassed.Noonecamealongtogivemethegrandprize,andthensomeonedistractedme,andIprobablyneverwouldhavethoughtaboutthatposteragain.Iwasstillsittingatmydesk,thinking,Whatposter?whentheteachergavemeanenvelopewithaten-dollarbillinitandeveryoneintheclassapplaudedforme.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文描述了在五年級(jí)美術(shù)課的一次海報(bào)設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽中，作者出乎意料地取得了第一名的經(jīng)歷。1.Whatwastheteacher’srequirementfortheposter?A.Itmustappearintime.B.Itmustbedoneinclass.C.Itmustbedoneonaconstructionsheet.D.Itmustincludethewordsontheblackboard.[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從第二段“...makesurethatthewordsontheblackboardappearsomewhereonyourposter.”可知，老師的要求是黑板上的內(nèi)容需在海報(bào)中出現(xiàn)。[答案]D2．TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph3mostprobablymeans________.A.formedanideaforB.madeanoutlineforC.madesomespaceforD.chosesomecolorsfor[解析]猜測(cè)詞義題。第三段中conjureup意為“想起；使……呈現(xiàn)于腦際”。從對(duì)稱的結(jié)構(gòu)“Some...whileweconjuredupourdesigns.”與下文的“Others...whiledeepinthought.”可以猜測(cè)出該詞詞義。[答案]A3.Aftertheteacher’swords,allthestudentsintheclass________.A.lookedveryseriousB.thoughttheywouldberichC.begantothinkabouttheirdesignsD.begantoplaygames[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段生動(dòng)、形象地描寫了同學(xué)們思考時(shí)的各種動(dòng)作。[答案]C4.Afterseeingthegoodstudents’designs,somestudents________.A.lovedtheirowndesignsmoreB.thoughttheyhadafairchanceC.puttheirowndesignsinacornerD.thoughttheywouldnotwintheprize[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從第四段“...wanderpastthegoodstudents’desksandthenreturntoourownprojectswithagrowingsenseofhopelessness.”可知：看到優(yōu)秀學(xué)生作品后，另外一些學(xué)生對(duì)自己這次的參賽作品信心更加不足了。[答案]D5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthor________.A.enjoyedgrownuptricksverymuchB.lovedpostercompetitionsverymuchC.feltsurprisedtowinthecompetitionD.becamewiseandrichafterthecompetition[解析]推理判斷題。最后三段描寫了作者焦急地等待比賽結(jié)果的心情，所以對(duì)于不自信的作者來(lái)說(shuō)，這次比賽的結(jié)果讓他很吃驚。[答案]C(第100篇)Fewlawsaresoeffectivethatyoucanseeresultsjustdaysaftertheytakeeffect.Butintheninedayssincethefederalcigarettetaxmorethandoubled—to$perpack—smokershavejammedtelephone“quitlines”acrossthecountryseekingtokickthehabit.Thisisnotasurprisetopublichealthadvocates.They’vestudiedtheeffectofstatetaxincreasesforyears,findingthatsmokers,especiallyteens,arepricesensitive.Norisitashocktotheindustry,whichfiercelyfightseverytaxincrease.Theonlywonderisthatsomanystatesinsistonclosingtheirearstothemessage.Tobaccotaxesimprovepublichealth,theyraisemoneyandmostparticularly,thedeterpeoplefromtakingupthehabitasteens,whichiswhennearlyallsmokersareaddicted.Yettherateoftaxationvarieswidely.InManhattan,forinstance,whichhasthehighesttaxinthenation，apackofMarlboroLightKingscost$atonedrugstoreWednesday.InCharleston,S.C.,wherethe7centapacktaxisthelowestinthenation,thepricewas$.Theinfluenceisobvious.InNewYork,highschoolsmokinghitanewlowinthelatestsurveys—13.8%,farbelowthenationalaverage.Bycomparison,26%ofhighschoolstudentssmokeinKentucky.Otherlowtaxstateshavesimilarlydepressingteensmokingrecords.HalRogers,RepresentativefromKentucky,likethosewhoareagainsthightobaccotaxes,arguesthattheburdenofthetaxfallsonlow-incomeAmericans“whochoosetosmoke.”That’strue.Butthereismorereasoninkeepingfuturegenerati