大學(xué)英語六級(jí)分類模擬題

精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)專心---專注---專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)分類模擬題318ReadingComprehensionWomenarehalfthepopulationbutonly15%ofboardmembersatbigAmericanfirms,and10%inEurope.Companiesthatfishinonlyhalfofthetalentpoolwillloseouttothosethatcasttheirnetmorewidely.Thereisalsoevidencethatmixedboardsmakebetterdecisions.

Mindfulofthis,Europeancountriesarepassinglawsthatwouldforcecompaniestopromotemorewomentotheexecutivesuite.AnewFrenchlawrequireslistedfirmstoreserve40%ofboardseatsforwomenby2017.NorwayandSpainhavesimilarlaws;Germanyisconsideringone.TheEuropeanParliamentdeclaredthismonththatsuchquotasshouldbeappliedthroughouttheEuropeanUnion.

Therearetwomainargumentsforcompulsoryquotas.Oneisthatthemenwhodominatecorporateboardsarehopelesslysexist:theypromotepeoplelikethemselvesandignoreanyfemaletalent.

Thesecondargumentismoresubtle.Talentedexecutivesneedmentors(導(dǎo)師)tohelpthemclimbtheladder.

Maledirectorsmentoryoungmenbutarereluctanttogetfriendlywithyoungwomen,lesttherelationshipbemisinterpreted.Quotaswillbreakthisviciouscyclebyputtinglotsofwomenatthetop,whocanthenoffertheirsistersalegup.

Theremaybesomethinginbotharguments,butinmostrichcountriessexismisnolongerthemainobstacletowomen'scareers.Childrenare.Mostwomentakecareerbreakstolookafterthem.Manycareforelderlyrelatives,too.Onestudyfoundthattwo-thirdsofAmericanwomenhadatsomepointswitchedfromfull-timeworktopart-timeorflexibletimetobalanceworkandfamily.Suchchoicesmakeitharderforwomentogaintheexperiencenecessarytomakeittotheverytop.

Whatismore,bigcompaniesareincreasinglyglobal.Manywantabosswhohasworkedinmorethanonecountry.Suchforeignpostingsdisruptfamilies;manywomenturnthemdown.Andmany,anticipatingacareerbreakatsomepointinthefuture,enterfieldswheretheirskillswillnotquicklybecomeoutdated,suchaslaworhumanresources.Somelawyersmakegoodchiefexecutives.Butfirmsoftenwantpeoplewithfinancialoroperationalexperienceforthetopjobs,andthesefieldsarestillmale-dominated.

Quotasaretoobluntatoolforsuchatangledproblem.Thewomencompaniesarecompelledtoputonboardsareunlikelytobeasusefulasthosetheyplacetherevoluntarily.Quotasforcefirmseithertopadtheirboardswithtokennon-executivedirectors,ortoallocaterealpoweronthebasisofsexratherthanmerit.

Enforcingquotasforwomenhasledtolargenumbersofinexperiencedwomenbeingappointedtoboards,andseriouslydamagedthosefirms'performance.1、Whatwillhappentoacompanyifmendominateitsexecutiveboard?

A.Itstalentpoolwilldryoutsooner.

B.Itscompetitivenesswillbeweakened.

C.Itswomenemployeeswillcomplain.

D.Itisboundtomakeunwisedecisions.2、Whatseemstopreventwomenfrombecomingboardmembersapartfromsexism?

A.Manyofthemlackthecouragetofacethechallengeintheboardroom.

B.Maledirectorsareafraidofwomen'spotentialthreattotheirauthority.

C.Fewofthemhavethetrainingandqualificationsneededforexecutiveduties.

D.Maledirectorsrefrainfromgivingthemguidancetoavoidmisunderstanding.3、Whatdoestheauthorsayistherealbarriertowomen'scareers?

A.Anapparentlackofnecessarylegislation.

B.Fiercecompetitionfrommalecolleagues.

C.Theburdenoftakingcareoftheirfamily.

D.Thewidespreadsexismintheworkplace.4、Whydomanywomenchoosetoentersuchfieldsaslaworhumanresources?

A.Theyallowwomencareerbreaksifneedbe.

B.Theycanbringawoman'stalentintofullplay.

C.Theyofferhighsalariesandattractivebenefits.

D．TheypavethewayforwomentobecomeCEOs.5、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthepracticeofenforcingquotasforwomenexecutives?

A．Itisasimplesolutiontoatangledproblem.

B．Itisaneffectivetooltocombatsexism.

C．Ithelpsfilltheexecutiveboardwithtalents.

D．Itadverselyaffectsafirm'sperformance.Internationalgovernments'inactionconcerningsustainabledevelopmentisclearlyworryingbuttheproactive(主動(dòng)出擊的)approachesofsomeleading-edgecompaniesareencouraging.Toyota,Wal-Mart,DuPont,M&SandGeneralElectrichavemadetacklingenvironmentalwastesakeyeconomicdriver.

DuPontcommitteditselftoa65%reductioningreenhousegasemissionsinthe10yearspriorto2010.By2007,DuPontwassaving$2.2billionayearthroughenergyefficiency,thesameasitstotaldeclaredprofitsthatyear.GeneralElectricaimstoreducetheenergyintensityofitsoperationsby50%by2015.Theyhaveinvestedheavilyinprojectsdesignedtochangethewayofusingandconservingenergy.

CompanieslikeToyotaandWal-Martarenotcommittingtoenvironmentalgoalsoutofthegood-nessoftheirhearts.Thereasonfortheiractionsisasimpleyetpowerfulrealizationthattheenviron-mentalandeconomicfootprintsfitwelltogether.WhenM&Slaunchedits"PlanA"sustainabilityprogrammein2007,itwasbelievedthatitwouldcostover$200millioninthefirstfiveyears.However,theinitiativehadgenerated$105millionby2011/12.

Whenwepreventphysicalwaste,increaseenergyefficiencyorimproveresourceproductivity,wesavemoney,improveprofitabilityandenhancecompetitiveness.Infact,thereareoftenhuge"quickwin"opportunities,thankstoyearsofneglect.

However,thereisaconsiderablegapbetweenleading-edgecompaniesandtherestofthepace.Therearefartoomanycompaniesstilldelayingcreatingaleanandgreenbusinesssystem,arguingthatitwillcostmoneyorrequiresizablecapitalinvestment.Theyremainstuckinthe"environmentiscost"mentality.Beingenvironmentallyfriendlydoesnothavetocostmoney.Infact,goingbeyondcompliancesavescostatthesametimethatitgeneratescash,providedthatmanagementadoptsthenewleanandgreenmodel.

Leanmeansdoingmorewithless.Nonetheless,inmostcompanies,economicandenviron-mentalcontinuousimprovementisviewedasbeinginconflictwitheachother.Thisisoneofthebig-gestopportunitiesmissedacrossmostindustries.Thesizeoftheopportunityisenormous.The3%ReportrecentlypublishedbyWorldWildlifeFundandCDPshowsthattheeconomicprizeforcurbingcarbonemissionsintheUSeconomyis$780billionbetweennowand2020.Itsuggeststhatoneofthebiggestleversfordeliveringthisopportunityis"increasedefficiencythroughmanagementandbehaviouralchange"—inotherwords,leanandgreenmanagement.

Some50studiesshowthatcompaniesthatcommittosuchaspirationalgoalsaszerowaste,zeroharmfulemissions,andzerouseofnon-renewableresourcesarefinanciallyoutperformingtheircompetitors.Conversely,itwasfoundthatclimatedisruptionisalreadycosting$1.2trillionannually,cuttingglobalGDPby1.6%.Unaddressed,thiswilldoubleby2030.6、Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsomeleading-edgecompanies?

A.Theyoperateinaccordancewithgovernmentpolicies.

B.Theytakeinitiativesinhandlingenvironmentalwastes.

C.Theyarekeydriversintheirnations'economicgrowth.

D.Theyaremajorcontributorstoenvironmentalproblems.7、WhatmotivatesToyotaandWal-Marttomakecommitmentstoenvironmentalprotection?

A.Thegoodnessoftheirhearts.

B.Astrongsenseofresponsibility.

C.Thedesiretogenerateprofits.

D.Pressurefromenvironmentalists.8、Whyaresomanycompaniesreluctanttocreateanenvironment-friendlybusinesssystem?

A.Theyarebentonmakingquickmoney.

B.Theydonothavethecapitalfortheinvestment.

C.Theybelievebuildingsuchasystemistoocostly.

D.Theylacktheincentivetochangebusinesspractices.9、Whatissaidabouttheleanandgreenmodelofbusiness?

A.Ithelpsbusinessestosaveandgainatthesametime.

B．Itisaffordableonlyforafewleading-edgecompanies.

C．Itislikelytostartanewroundofintensecompetition.

D．Itwilltakealongtimeforallcompaniestoembraceit.10、Whatisthefindingofthestudiesaboutcompaniescommittedtoenvironmentalgoals?

A．Theyhavegreatlyenhancedtheirsenseofsocialresponsibility.

B．Theydomuchbetterthantheircounterpartsintermsofrevenues.

C．Theyhaveabandonedalltheout-datedequipmentandtechnology.

D．Theymakegreatercontributionstohumanprogressthantheirrivals.Ifyouaskedmetodescribetherisingphilosophyoftheday,I'dsayitisdata-ism.Wenowhavetheabilitytogatherhugeamountsofdata.Thisabilityseemstocarrywithitcertainculturalassumptions—thateverythingthatcanbemeasuredshouldbemeasured;thatdataisatransparentandreliablelensthatallowsustofilteroutemotionalismandideology;thatdatawillhelpusdoremark-ablethings—likeforetellthefuture.

Overthenextyear,I'mhopingtogetabettergriponsomeofthequestionsraisedbythedatarevolution:inwhatsituationsshouldwerelyonintuitivepatternrecognitionandinwhichsituationsshouldweignoreintuitionandfollowthedata?Whatkindsofeventsarepredictableusingstatisticalanalysisandwhatsortsofeventsarenot?

IconfessIenterthisinaskepticalframeofmindbelievingthatwetendtogetcarriedawayinourdesiretoreduceeverythingtothequantifiable.Butattheoutsetletmecelebratetwothingsdatadoesreallywell.

First,it'sreallygoodatexposingwhenourintuitiveviewofrealityiswrong.Forexample,nearlyeverypersonwhorunsforpoliticalofficehasanintuitivesensethattheycanpowerfullyinfluencetheiroddsofwinningtheelectioniftheycanjustraiseandspendmoremoney.Butthisislargelywrong.

Afterthe2006election,SeanTrendeconstructedagraphcomparingtheincumbent(在任者的)campaignspendingadvantageswiththeireventualmarginsofvictory.Therewasbarelyanyrelationshipbetweenmorespendingandabiggervictory.

Likewise,manyteachershaveanintuitivesensethatdifferentstudentshavedifferentlearningstyles:someareverbalandsomearevisual;somearelinear,someareholistic(整體的).Teachersimaginetheywillimproveoutcomesiftheytailortheirpresentationstoeachstudent.Butthere'snoevidencetosupportthiseither.

Second,datacanilluminatepatternsofbehaviorwehaven'tyetnoticed.Forexample,I'vealwaysassumedpeoplewhofrequentlyusewordslike"I","me",and"mine"areprobablymoreself-centeredthanpeoplewhodon't.ButasJamesPennebakeroftheUniversityofTexasnotesinhisbook,TheSecretLifeofPronouns,whenpeoplearefeelingconfident,theyarefocusedonthetaskathand,notonthemselves.High-status,confidentpeopleusefewer"I"words,notmore.

Ourbrainsoftendon'tnoticesubtleverbalpatterns,butPennebaker'scomputerscan.Youngerwritersusemorenegativeandpast-tensewordsthanolderwriterswhousemorepositiveandfuture-tensewords.

Insum,thedatarevolutionisgivinguswonderfulwaystounderstandthepresentandthepast.Willittransformourabilitytopredictandmakedecisionsaboutthefuture?We'llsee.11、Whatdodata-istsassumetheycando?

A.Transformpeople'sculturalidentity.

B.Changethewayfutureeventsunfold.

C.Getafirmgriponthemostimportantissues.

D.Eliminateemotionalandideologicalbias.12、Whatdopeoplerunningforpoliticalofficethinktheycando?

A.Usedataanalysistopredicttheelectionresults.

B.Wintheelectioniftheycanraiseenoughfunds.

C．Manipulatepublicopinionwithfavorabledata.

D．Increasethechancesofwinningbyfoulmeans.13、Whydomanyteachersfavortheideaoftailoringtheirpresentationstodifferentstudents?

A．Theythinkstudentspreferflexibleteachingmethods.

B．Theywillbeabletotrydifferentapproaches.

C．Theybelievestudents'learningstylesvary.

D．Theycanaccommodatestudentswithspecialneeds.14、WhatdoesJamesPennebakerrevealinTheSecretLifeofPronouns?

A．Theimportanceofusingpronounsproperly.

B．Repeateduseoffirst-personpronounsbyself-centeredpeople.

C．Frequentuseofpronounsandfuturetensebyyoungpeople.

D．Apatterninconfidentpeople'suseofpronouns.15、Whyistheauthorskepticalofthedatarevolution?

A．Datamaynotbeeasilyaccessible.

B．Errorsmayoccurwithlargedatasamples.

C．Datacannotalwaysdowhatweimagineitcan.

D．Somedatamayturnouttobeout-dated.Itiseasytomissamidtheday-to-dayheadlinesofglobaleconomicrecession,butthereisalessconspicuouskindofsocialupheaval(劇變)underwaythatisfastalteringboththefaceoftheplanetandthewayhumanbeingslive.Thatchangeistherapidaccelerationofurbanization.In2008,forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,morethanhalftheworld'spopulationwaslivingintownsandcities.Andasarecentlypublishedpapershows,theprocessofurbanizationwillonlyaccelerateinthedenselytocome—withanenormousimpactonbiodiversityandpotentiallyonclimatechange.

AsKarenSeto,theleadauthorofthepaper,pointsout,thewaveofurbanizationisn'tjustaboutthemigrationofpeopleintourbanenvironments,butabouttheenvironmentsthemselvesbecomingbiggertoaccommodateallthosepeople.Therapidexpansionofurbanareaswillhaveahugeimpactonbiodiversityhotspotsandoncarbonemissionsinthoseurbanareas.

Humansaretheultimateinvasivespecies—whentheymoveintonewterritory,theyoftendis-placethewildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere.Andaslandisclearedforthosenewcities—especiallyinthedensetropicalforests—carbonwillbereleasedintotheatmosphereaswell.It'struethataspeopleindevelopingnationsmovefromthecountrysidetothecity,theshiftmayreducethepressureonland,whichcouldinturnbegoodfortheenvironment.Thisisespeciallysoindesperatelypoorcountries,whereresidentsinthecountrysideslashandbumforestseachgrowingseasontoclearspaceforfanning.Buttherealdifferenceisthatindevelopingnations,themovefromruralareastocitiesoftenleadstoanaccompanyingincreaseinincome—andthatincreaseleadstoanincreaseintheconsumptionoffoodandenergy,whichinturncausesariseincarbonemissions.Gettingenoughtoeatandenjoyingthesafetyandcomfortoflivingfullyonthegridiscertainlyagoodthing—butitdoescarryanenvironmentalprice.

Theurbanizationwavecan'tbestopped—anditshouldn'tbe.ButSeto'spaperdoesunderscoretheimportanceofmanagingthattransition.Ifwedoittherightway,wecanreduceurbanization'simpactsontheenvironment."There'sanenormousopportunityhere,andalotofpressureandresponsibilitytothinkabouthowweurbanize,"saysSeto."Theonethingthat'sclearisthatwecan'tbuildcitiesthewaywehaveoverthelastcoupleofhundredyears.Thescaleofthistransitionwon'tallowthat."We'reheadedtowardsanurbanplanetnomatterwhat,butwhetheritbecomesheavenorhellisuptous.16、Whatissuedoestheauthortrytodrawpeople'sattentionto?

A.Theshakingbiodiversityworldwide.

B.Therapidincreaseofworldpopulation.

C.Theongoingglobaleconomicrecession.

D.Theimpactofacceleratingurbanization.17、Inwhatsensearehumanstheultimateinvasivespecies?

A.Theyaremuchgreedierthanotherspecies.

B.Theyareauniquespeciesborntoconquer.

C.Theyforceotherspeciesoutoftheirterritories.

D.Theyhaveanurgetoexpandtheirlivingspace.18、Inwhatwayisurbanizationinpoorcountriesgoodfortheenvironment?

A.Morelandwillbepreservedforwildlife.

B.Thepressureonfarmlandwillbelessened.

C.Carbonemissionswillbeconsiderablyreduced.

D.Naturalresourceswillbeusedmoreeffectively.19、Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutlivingcomfortablyinthecity?

A.Itincursahighenvironmentalprice.

B.Itbringspovertyandinsecuritytoanend.

C.Itcausesabigchangeinpeople'slifestyle.

D.Itnarrowsthegapbetweencityandcountry.20、WhatcanbedonetominimizethenegativeimpactofurbanizationaccordingtoSeto?

A.Slowingdownthespeedoftransition.

B.Innovativeuseofadvancedtechnology.

C.Appropriatemanagementoftheprocess.

D.Enhancingpeople'ssenseofresponsibility.WhenHarvardstudentMarkZuckerberglaunchedtheface-book,corninFeb.2004,evenhecouldnotimaginetheforcesitwouldletloose.Hisintentwastoconnectcollegestudents.Face-book,whichiswhatthiswebsiterapidlyevolvedinto,endedupconnectingtheworld.

Tothechildrenofthisconnectedera,theworldisonegiantsocialnetwork.Theyarenotbound—aswerepreviousgenerationsofhumans—bywhattheyweretaught.Theyareonlylimitedbytheircuriosityandambition.Duringmychildhood,allknowledgewaslocal.Youlearnedevery-thingyouknewfromyourparents,teachers,preachersandfriends.

Withthehigh-qualityandtimelyinformationattheirfingertips,today'schildrenarerisingabovethefearsandbiasesoftheirparents.Adultsarealsoparticipatinginthisrevolution.India'snormallytamemiddleclassisspeakingupagainstsocialills.SiliconValleyexecutivesarebeingshamedintoaddingwomentotheirboards.Politicalleadersaremarshallingtheenergyofmillionsforelectionsandpoliticalcauses,AllofthisisbeingdonewithsocialmediatechnologiesthatFacebookanditscompetitorssetfree.

Asdoeseveryadvancingtechnology,socialmediahascreatedmanynewproblems.Itiscommonlyaddictiveandcreatesrisksforyoungerusers.SocialmediaisusedbyextremistsintheMiddleEastandelsewheretoseekandbrainwashrecruits.Anditexposesusandourfriendstodisagreeablespying,wemayleaveourlightsoninthehousewhenweareonvacation,butthroughsocialmediawetellcriminalsexactlywhereweare,whenweplantoreturnhome,andhowtoblackmail(敲詐)us.

Governmentsdon'tneedinformersanymore.Socialmediaallowsgovernmentagenciestospyontheirowncitizens.Werecordourthoughts,emotions,likesanddislikesonFacebook;weshareourpoliticalviews,socialpreferences,andplans.Wepostintimatephotographsofourselves.Nospyagencyorcriminalorganizationcouldactivelygatherthetypeofdatathatwevoluntarilypostforthem.

Themarketersarealsoseeingbigopportunities.Amazonistryingtopredictwhatwewillorder.Googleistryingtojudgeourneedsandwantsbasedonoursocial-mediaprofiles.Weneedtobeawareoftherisksandkeepworkingtoalleviatethedangers.

Regardlessofwhatsocialmediapeopleuse—onethingiscertain:weareinaperiodofacceleratingchange.Thenextdecadewillbeevenmoreamazingandunpredictablethanthelast.Justasnoonecouldpredictwhatwouldhappenwithsocialmediainthelastdecade,noonecanaccuratelypredictwherethistechnologywilltakeus.Iamoptimistic,however,thataconnectedhumanitywillfindawaytoupliftitself.21、WhatwasthepurposeofFacebookwhenitwasfirstcreated?

A.Tohelpstudentsconnectwiththeoutsideworld.

B.Tobringuniversitystudentsintoclosercontact.

C.Tohelpstudentslearntoliveinaconnectedera.

D.Tocombinetheworldintoanintegralwhole.22、Whatdifferencedoessocialmediamaketolearning?

A.Localknowledgeandglobalknowledgewillmerge.

B.Studentswillbecomemorecuriousandambitious.

C.Peopleareabletolearnwherevertheytravel.

D.Sourcesofinformationaregreatlyexpanded.23、Whatistheauthor'sgreatestconcernwithsocialmediatechnology?

A.Individualsandorganizationsmayuseitforevilpurposes.

B.Governmentwillfindithardtoprotectclassifiedinformation.

C.Peoplemaydisclosetheirfriends'informationunintentionally.

D.People'sattentionwillbeeasilydistractedfromtheirworkinhand.24、Whatdobusinessesusesocialmediafor?

A.Creatingagoodcorporateimage.

B.Anticipatingtheneedsofcustomers.

C.Conductinglarge-scalemarketsurveys.

D.Minimizingpossiblerisksanddangers.25、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsocialmediaasawhole?

A.Itwillenablehumansocietytoadvanceatafasterpace.

B.Itwillposeagravethreattoourtraditionalwaysoflife.

C.Itisboundtobringaboutanotherinformationrevolution.

D.Itbreaksdownthefinalbarriersinhumancommunication.答案:ReadingComprehension1、B[解析]題目詢問若執(zhí)行董事會(huì)由男性主導(dǎo)會(huì)發(fā)生什么情況。第1段第2句表明，只使用半邊人才庫的公司必然會(huì)輸給(loseout)廣泛使用人才的企業(yè)。第3句進(jìn)一步鞏固這種說法，男女混合的董事會(huì)所做的決策更加英明。由此推斷，男性主導(dǎo)執(zhí)行董事會(huì)的公司的競爭力會(huì)相對弱一些。B項(xiàng)是同義表述。2、D[解析]題目詢問阻止女性員工進(jìn)入董事會(huì)的另一因素。第3段首句提到理由有兩種，其一是性別歧視(sexism)，其二是第4段的內(nèi)容，即男性主管不愿與年輕女性走得太近，唯恐別人誤會(huì)他們的關(guān)系。這與D項(xiàng)“男性主管為了避免誤會(huì)而不給她們提供指導(dǎo)”的表述一致。注意題干中的apartfrom意為“除了”。3、C[解析]題目詢問作者認(rèn)為阻止女性職業(yè)生涯的真正絆腳石是什么。第5段一開始便說性別歧視不再是女性職業(yè)生涯的主要絆腳石，孩子才是。第3、4句提到，大多數(shù)的女性選擇離職來照顧孩子或長輩。可見家庭才是女性職業(yè)生涯的最大負(fù)擔(dān)，選C項(xiàng)。4、A[解析]題目詢問許多女性選擇律師或人力資源行業(yè)的原因。第6段第4句提到，很多女性預(yù)料在未來的某個(gè)時(shí)候會(huì)從工作中抽出身來(acareerbreak)，因而選擇技能不會(huì)迅速過時(shí)的領(lǐng)域，比如律師或人力資源。A項(xiàng)是這句話的同義表述，正確。5、D[解析]題目詢問作者對定額制度的看法。作者在最后一段首先說這種做法太魯莽(tooblunt)，最后一句則明確指出，實(shí)行女性定額制度嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了公司業(yè)績。D項(xiàng)的adverselyaffects...performance與文章中的seriouslydamaged...performance意思完全一致，為正確答案。6、B[解析]本題詢問一些走在前沿的公司的情況。第1段第1句提到在對待可持續(xù)發(fā)展的問題上，各國政府的行動(dòng)并不積極(inaction)，而處于前沿地位的公司卻主動(dòng)出擊(proactive)；第2句則舉例說明，指出豐田、沃爾瑪?shù)裙緦⑻幚憝h(huán)境廢棄物作為主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)驅(qū)動(dòng)力。B項(xiàng)“它們主動(dòng)處理環(huán)境廢棄物”正確。其中takeinitiativesinhandlingenvironmentalwastes是原文tacklingenvironmentalwastes的同義替換。7、C[解析]本題詢問豐田和沃爾瑪履行環(huán)境保護(hù)的動(dòng)機(jī)。第3段第2句直接說明豐田和沃爾瑪采取行動(dòng)(即committingtoenvironmentalgoals)的原因是它們意識(shí)到環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)足跡相輔相成。據(jù)此可以推斷這兩大公司保護(hù)環(huán)境的初衷是經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，因此C項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造利潤的欲望”是對原文的同義推斷。8、C[解析]本題詢問很多公司不愿創(chuàng)立環(huán)境友好業(yè)務(wù)體系的原因。第5段第2句說到，仍有很多公司推遲創(chuàng)立精益綠色的業(yè)務(wù)體系，并以分詞短語(arguingthat...)說明其原因：它們認(rèn)為這種體系會(huì)費(fèi)錢或者需要大量的資金投入。題目中的reluctantto對應(yīng)原文的delaying；而精益綠色的業(yè)務(wù)體系指的是環(huán)境友好業(yè)務(wù)體系。C項(xiàng)“建立這樣的系統(tǒng)太貴”是對原文所提及的原因(itwillcostmoneyorrequire...)的同義復(fù)述。9、A[解析]本題詢問關(guān)于精益綠色業(yè)務(wù)模式的相關(guān)信息。第5段在講述那些不愿踐行環(huán)保行動(dòng)的公司時(shí)，首次提及了leanandgreensystem；該段最后一句講到，如果公司采取新的精益綠色模式進(jìn)行管理，它們實(shí)際上在產(chǎn)生利潤的同時(shí)也能節(jié)約成本。A項(xiàng)“它幫助企業(yè)節(jié)約成本并且獲益”是對第5段最后一句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，且符合第6段首句對lean所作的定義“用更少的東西做更多的事情”。10、B[解析]本題詢問關(guān)于履行環(huán)保目標(biāo)的公司，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么。最后一段第1句提到那些履行諸如零廢棄等雄心目標(biāo)的公司在經(jīng)濟(jì)上都勝過它們的對手(financiallyoutperformingtheircompetitors)。B項(xiàng)“它們在收益上比對手好很多”是對該句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，其中domuchbetterthan與原文的outperforming的同義，而counterparts是competitors的同義替換，revenues則跟financially相關(guān)。11、D[解析]本題詢問數(shù)據(jù)主義者認(rèn)為他們能做什么。第1段第1句，作者提到現(xiàn)在的流行哲學(xué)是數(shù)據(jù)主義，接著第2、3句具體說明在能夠收集到大量數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)代，數(shù)據(jù)被賦予某些文化假設(shè)。題目中assume與原文assumptions為同根詞，答案可在破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容中查找，其中提到的一種假設(shè)是數(shù)據(jù)能讓我們過濾掉情感主義(emotionalism)和意識(shí)形態(tài)(ideology)，D項(xiàng)“消除感情上和意識(shí)形態(tài)上的偏見”是這句話的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，選項(xiàng)中Eliminate與原文filterout近義。12、B[解析]本題詢問競選政治職務(wù)的人認(rèn)為他們能干什么。第4段第1句提到。當(dāng)人們對現(xiàn)實(shí)的直覺判斷產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，數(shù)據(jù)擅于揭露真相。第2句具體舉例說明這一觀點(diǎn)，該句提到競選政治職務(wù)的人以為只要募集并花更多的錢就能影響競選的結(jié)果，B項(xiàng)中的raiseenoughfunds和原文raiseandspendmoremoney意思相同。13、C[解析]本題詢問為什么教師們贊同因材施教的觀點(diǎn)。第6段第1、2句提到很多教師都意識(shí)到學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格不同，因此他們認(rèn)為如果能因材施教，很可能會(huì)取得好的學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果。由此可以判斷，教師贊同該觀點(diǎn)的原因在于學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格不同，C項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為