考研考博-英語-麗水學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-麗水學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Personalcomputersarenolongersomethingbeyondtheordinarypeople;theyare（）availablethesedays.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.promptly

B.instantly

C.readily

D.quickly

【答案】C

【解析】句意:私人電腦對(duì)普通人來說不再遙不可及，現(xiàn)在電腦很容易買到。

考查副詞辨析。promptly敏捷地，迅速地；instantly立即地;readily容易地輕而易舉地；quickly迅速地。故C項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

Wehadintendedtotalkaboutwork,but（

）startedtotalkaboutfootball.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.continuously

B.unwittingly

C.permanently

D.consistently

【答案】B

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。continuously“繼續(xù)地”；unwittingly“不知不覺地”；permanently“永久地”；consistently“一致地”。句意：我們?cè)馐谴蛩阏務(wù)摴ぷ鞯模遣恢挥X就談到了足球。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Inthenextfewyears,theterm"bigdata"willcometoseemnaive,likewhen"informationsuperhighway"gavewayto"theinternet"in1995.

We'reenteringanageofpersonalbigdataanditsimpactonourliveswillsurpassthatoftheinternet.Datawillanswerquestionswecouldneverbeforeanswerwithcertaintyeverydayquestionslikewhetherthatdressactuallymakesyoulookfat,orprofoundquestionsaboutpreciselyhowlongyouwilllive.

Every20yearsorso,apowerfultechnologymovesfromtherealmofbackroomexpertiseandintothehandsofthemasses.Inthelate1970s,computingmadethattransitionfrommainframesinglass-enclosedroomstopersonalcomputerondesks.Inthelate1990s,thefirstwebbrowsersmadenetworks,whichhadbeenforsciencelabsandthemilitary,accessibletoanyofus,givingbirthtothemoderninternet.

Eachtransitiontouchedoffanexplosionofinnovationandreshapedworkandleisure.In1975,50,000PCswereinuseworldwide.Twentyyearslater,225million.Thenumberofinternetusersin1995hit16million.Todayit'smorethan3billion.Inmuchoftheworld,it'shardtoimaginelifewithoutconstantaccesstobothcomputingandnetworks.

The2010swillbethecoming-outpartyfordata.Gathering,accessingandgleaninginsightsfromvastanddeepdatahasbeenacapabilitylockedinsideenterpriseslongenough.Cloudcomputingandmobiledevicesnowmakeitpossibletostandinabathroomlineatabaseballgamewhiletappingintomassivecomputingpoweranddatabases.Ontheotherhand,connecteddevicessuchastheNestthermostatorFitbithealthmonitorandappsonsmartphonesincreasinglycollectnewkindsofinformationabouteverydaypersonalactionsandhabits,turningitintodataaboutourselves.

ThattheworldisawashindatamaybeasobviousassayingLadyGagadressesfunny.Butthegamechangerusheringintheneweraistheabilitytomakesenseofdatainwaysthatletnon-techhumansinteractwithit,learnfromitanduseit.

Morethan80percentofdatatodayisunstructured:tanglesofYouTubevideos,newsstories,academicpapers,socialnetworkcomments.Unstructureddatahasbeenalmostimpossibletosearchfor,analyzeandmixwithotherdata.Anewgenerationofcomputers-cognitivecomputingsystemsthatlearnfromdata-willreadtweetsore-booksorwatchvideoandcomprehenditscontent.Somewhatlikebrains,thesesystemscanlinkdiversebitsofdatatocomeupwithrealanswers,notjustsearchresults.

1.Whatcausedtheappearanceofmoderninternet?

2.Whatdoesthephrase"tappinginto"(paragraph5)probablymeaninthetext?

3.Inwhichwaycanwegetdataaboutourselves?

4.Whatistheessentialdifferencebetweentraditionalcomputersandcognitivecomputersystems?

5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Bigdata

B.Informationsuperhighway

C.Cloudcomputing

D.Browsers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Stickinginto.

B.Beatingsoftly

C.Makinguseof

D.Investing

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fromeverydaypersonalactions.

B.Fromconnecteddevices.

C.Fromeverydaypersonalhabits.

D.Fromdatabase.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cognitivecomputersystemsworkfasterthantraditionalcomputers

B.Cognitivecomputersystemsworkmoreaccurately.

C.Cognitivecomputersystemcanworklikehumanbrains.

D.Cognitivecomputersystemscansearchresults.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Computingwasintherealmofbackroomexpertisebefore1970s.

B.Theworldisfloodedintoomuchconfuseddata.

C.In1975,50,000PCswereinuseworldwide.

D.Datawillanswerquestionswecouldneverbeforeanswerwithcertainty.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Inthelate1990s,thefirstwebbrowsersmadenetworks,whichhadbeenforsciencelabsandthemilitary,accessibletoanyofus,givingbirthtothemoderninternet.（在20世紀(jì)90年代后期，第一批網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器使網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以為我們所用，從而出現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)曾是專為科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室和軍隊(duì)所用）可知選D。

2.詞義題。stickinginto意為“堅(jiān)持，粘入”；beatingsoftly意為“輕拍”；makinguseof意為“利用”；investing意為“投資，花費(fèi)”。根據(jù)“tappinginto”在Cloudcomputingandmobiledevicesnowmakeitpossibletostandinabathroomlineatabaseballgamewhiletappingintomassivecomputingpoweranddatabases.（現(xiàn)在云計(jì)算和移動(dòng)設(shè)備可以……巨大的計(jì)算能力和數(shù)據(jù)庫使站在浴室里籃球賽成為可能）中前后的句意，可知C選項(xiàng)最符合語境。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第三段中的Ontheotherhand,connecteddevices...increasinglycollectnewkindsofinformationabouteverydaypersonalactionsandhabits,turningitintodataaboutourselves.（另一方面，連接的設(shè)備……越來越多地收集有關(guān)日常個(gè)人行為和習(xí)慣的新信息，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為有關(guān)自己的數(shù)據(jù)）可知選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Anewgenerationofcomputers—cognitivecomputingsystemsthatlearnfromdata—willreadtweetsore-booksorwatchvideoandcomprehenditscontent.（新一代計(jì)算機(jī)——從數(shù)據(jù)中學(xué)習(xí)的認(rèn)知計(jì)算系統(tǒng)——能閱讀推特或電子書或觀看視頻，能并理解其內(nèi)容）可知選C。

5.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中ThattheworldisawashindatamaybeasobviousassayingLadyGagadressesfunny.（世界上充斥著大量的數(shù)據(jù)，這可能和說LadyGaga的服裝很有趣一樣顯而易見）和最后一段中的Morethan80percentofdatatodayisunstructured:tanglesofYouTubevideos,newsstories,academicpapers,socialnetworkcomments.Unstructureddatahasbeenalmostimpossibletosearchfor,analyzeandmixwithotherdata.（今天超過80%的數(shù)據(jù)是非結(jié)構(gòu)化的：視頻、新聞報(bào)道、學(xué)術(shù)論文、社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)評(píng)論。非結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)幾乎不可能搜索、分析和與其他數(shù)據(jù)混合）可知B選項(xiàng)“世界上充斥著太多令人困惑的數(shù)據(jù)”符合題意。

4.單選題

Ihavegivenyoumyadvice.Whetheryouwillactonitis（

）you.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.upto

B.upfor

C.onto

D.forto

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beuptosb.意為“取決于某人”。

句意：我已經(jīng)給了你我的建議。是否采納就看你了。

5.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthatherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses―thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbytrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What?”,and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handing,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnections.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“l(fā)anguagesubjects”andboybetteratmathematicsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshallnotknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectsandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectandbecausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedby_____factors.

3.“thesedifferences”inparagraph5refertothosein.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到第三段倒數(shù)第一、二句Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong（我們傾向于認(rèn)為是社會(huì)的影響造成了這些差異。但我們可能錯(cuò)了），第二步尋找上下文線索，文章后面的解釋可以知道我們傾向于認(rèn)為社會(huì)因素導(dǎo)致兩性之間的思維和行為方式不同，但是研究表明這些是因?yàn)榇竽X結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)致的，所以C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)研究的結(jié)果無法支持大眾的信念”正確；

A選項(xiàng)“生物學(xué)家正在進(jìn)行心理學(xué)家已經(jīng)放棄的研究”，定位到第一段第四句話Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield…（現(xiàn)在生物學(xué)家們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了這個(gè)雷區(qū)……），這里只是說生物學(xué)家開始探究男女之間的差異，但是沒有說到心理學(xué)家已經(jīng)放棄這個(gè)領(lǐng)域了，A選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有，所以不選；

B選項(xiàng)“大腦的差異表明了兩性之間的優(yōu)越性”，定位到最后一段最后一句Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse（但他們匆忙地指出，不同并不等同于更好或更差），B選項(xiàng)的表述錯(cuò)誤，這里屬于反向干擾，所以不選；

D選項(xiàng)“兩性之間大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的差異早已為人所知”，定位到第三段第三句Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmen（這是首次發(fā)現(xiàn)女性和男性大腦結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異），從這里可知D選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾，所以不選。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.（我們傾向于認(rèn)為是社會(huì)的影響造成了這些差異）。第二步，綜合理解，由這里可知答案選D選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)”；

A選項(xiàng)“生物”，文中第一段有提到生物學(xué)家和心理學(xué)家都在研究兩性之間的不同，但是主題不是人們的心理認(rèn)知，這里屬于曲解原文。

B選項(xiàng)“心理”；同A選項(xiàng)。

C選項(xiàng)“身體的”，文中完全沒有提到生理這個(gè)因素，屬于無中生有。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第五段第一句Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.（但在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上解釋男女技能的實(shí)際差異并不那么容易）由這里可知答案選A選項(xiàng)“男人和女人的技能”；

B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)科目”，定位到第五段第二句話Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“l(fā)anguagesubjects”andboybetteratmathematicsandphysics.（在世界各地的學(xué)校里，女孩在“語言科目”上往往比男孩好，而男孩在數(shù)學(xué)和物理上更擅長。），這里只是為男女技能差異作進(jìn)一步的解釋，只是thesedifference的一種，這里屬于偷換概念，不能選；

C選項(xiàng)“男人和女人的大腦結(jié)構(gòu)”，與問題無關(guān)，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“由大腦進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)”，與問題無關(guān)，屬于無中生有。

第4題:判斷推理題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到最后一段最后一句Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectandbecausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.（但這種顯著的差異肯定有一定的影響，因?yàn)檫@種差異是在大腦中與智力有關(guān)的部分，我們應(yīng)該尋找智力處理的差異），從這句可以看出作者希望能夠沿著這些差異繼續(xù)研究下去，這些差異涉及到智力有關(guān)的部分，找到差異的原因我們就能夠找到如何處理智力差異的原因了，而全篇都是在討論性別造成的區(qū)別，所以答案選C選項(xiàng)“性別之間的區(qū)別”；

A選項(xiàng)“大腦的整體結(jié)構(gòu)”，第五段沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“大腦的一部分功能”，我們研究了兩性差異才知道大腦結(jié)構(gòu)差異的部分掌握著智力功能的，所以不選，屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“胼胝體的影響”，第五段沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

第5題:判斷推理題。第一步，話題導(dǎo)入，作者用科學(xué)家研究男女之間的差異的話題導(dǎo)入。第二步，文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)，然后描述科學(xué)家的發(fā)現(xiàn)———兩性之間大腦結(jié)構(gòu)不一樣，然后再講述大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的不同產(chǎn)生的影響以及還在探尋的地方。第三步關(guān)注首尾兩段核心句，首段探討了兩性之間思維方式的差異，末段則是作者的展望：希望科學(xué)家們繼續(xù)在這一領(lǐng)域做更多的工作。第四步提煉復(fù)現(xiàn)詞，這里中間段落都是在描述科學(xué)家的發(fā)現(xiàn)，第一段第三句themhavefoundthat“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)”，第三段第二句Scientistshavefound“科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)”第四段第二句Researchshowed“研究表明”，第四段倒數(shù)第一句accordingtoresearch“研究表明”，從這些關(guān)鍵詞可以看出答案主要是講述科學(xué)家的發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“來概述關(guān)于大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)”；

B選項(xiàng)“來解釋性和大腦結(jié)構(gòu)之間的聯(lián)系”；C選項(xiàng)“來討論導(dǎo)致大腦差異的各種因素”；D選項(xiàng)“提出大腦研究的新領(lǐng)域”文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

6.單選題

Thegirlwasso______thattheycouldfoolhereasily.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incredible

B.credible

C.credulous

D.creditable

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.incredible不能相信的；難以置信的B.credible可信的；可靠的

C.credulous輕信的；易受騙的D.creditable值得贊揚(yáng)的；應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)可的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后半句theycouldfoolhereasily（他們很容易就能騙過她）可知，這個(gè)女孩很容易上當(dāng)受騙，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】那個(gè)女孩很容易上當(dāng)，他們很容易就能騙過她。

7.單選題

Whatyouhavedoneis______thedoctor’sorders.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subjectto

B.opposite

C.resistantto

D.contraryto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)subjectto“使服從，使遭受”，B項(xiàng)opposite“相反的，對(duì)面的”，C項(xiàng)resistantto“對(duì)……有抵抗力，耐……的”，D項(xiàng)contraryto“與……相反”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞doctor’sorders“醫(yī)生的命令”和選項(xiàng)可知，空格處表示“違反，相反”符合句子意思。句意：你所做的與醫(yī)生的命令是相反的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Likeamagazine,anewspaperhasacontentsguidethatindicates______located.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whereiseachfeature

B.eachofthefeaturesis

C.eachfeaturewhereitis

D.whereeachfeatureis

【答案】D

【解析】考查賓語從句。where引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，句子中的where相當(dāng)于theplacewhere，后接的從句用陳述語序。本句中缺少動(dòng)詞indicate的賓語從句，根據(jù)句意：像雜志一樣，報(bào)紙也有一個(gè)內(nèi)容指南，指出每一個(gè)專題的位置?？芍狣選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thesecondmajorcauseofthechangesinculturalpolicythatwearewitnessingatthepresenttimeistheradicaltransformationoftheeconomicenvironmentinwhichculturalgoodsareproduced,distributedandconsumed,broughtaboutbywhatislooselyreferredtoas"globalization".Thistermiswidelyusedinthecontemporarydiscoursetoidentifyaseriesofrelatedtrendsthatcanbeobservedineconomic,socialandgeopoliticalspheres.Essentially,globalizationcanbedefinedasthreephenomena:thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofresources,especiallycapitalandlabor,betweencountriesandregions;theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities,withincreasedcommercialopportunitiesforbothnationalandtransnationalcompanies;andtheinternationalizationofcommunications,leadingto,amongotherthings,thefreetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld.Therearebothtechnologicalandeconomiccausesunderlyingthesephenomena;thedigitalrevolution,theexplosionincomputationalpoweravailableacrossawiderangeofapplications,thegrowthoftheinternetandtheinventionofnewdevicesforcommunicationanddatatransmissionhavetogetherprovidedthetechnologicalimpetusforglobalization,whileitsoperationshavebeenenabledbyawidespreadacceptanceofneoliberaleconomicprinciplesasthebasisfornationalandinternationalpolicy-making.

Theeffectsofthesetrendsonartists,creativeworkers,commercialandnon-commercialfirmsproducinganddistributingculturalproducts,culturalagenciesandinstitutions,andconsumers,havebeenprofound.Tobeginwith,ontheproductionsidenewcommunicationstechnologistshavefosterednewformsofculturalexpressionandopenedupnewavenuesforculturalexchange.Atthecuttingedge,artistsworkinginnewmediaareexperimentingwithinnovativemethodsformakingartandcommunicatingittoconsumers;thesedevelopmentscanbelikenedtoR&Dactivitiesinindustry,giventhattheeventualpayoff(inbothartisticandcommercialterms)isuncertainbutcouldbesubstantial.ManuelCastellshasobservedthatthisnewtechnologicalenvironmentcanbedescribedasculturalinsofarasitsdynamicsaredependenton"thecultureofinnovation,onthecultureofrisk,onthecultureofexpectationsand.ultimately,onthecultureofhopeinthefuture."

Furthermore,newtechnologistshaveledtonewwaysforculturalproducerstocarryontheirbusinessoperations,throughimprovedinformationandmarketingservices,moreefficientmanagementsystems,andsoon.Forexample,museumsandgalleriesaredigitizingtheircollections,performinggroupsareadoptingelectronicticketing,andnewspapersarebeingmadeavailableon-line.Atthesametime,threatshaveemergedtotraditionalmodesofculturalproductionanddistribution,nowheremoreevidentthaninthemusicindustry,whereillegaldownloadsfromtheinternetcontinuetoaffecttherevenuestreamsofperformers,publishersandrecordcompanies.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassageisprobably（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingphenomenacloselyrelatedto"globalization"isNOTmentionedinthepassage?

3.Oneofthecausesunderlyingtheglobalizationtrendsisthat（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheeffectsofglobalizationonculturalindustry?

5.Thewordimpetusinparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.NewTrendsBroughtaboutbyGlobalization

B.TheCulturalCausesofGlobalization

C.TheEmergenceofGlobalization

D.GlobalizationandCulturalIndustry

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofcapitalresources.

B.Theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities.

C.Thevanishingofculturaldiversity.

D.Thefreetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theuniversalacceptanceofneoliberaleconomicprinciples

B.thefreemovementoflaborresourcesacrosstheworld

C.theemergenceofmanytransnationalcompanies

D.thesupportofpolicy-makersacrosstheworld

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theeffectsofglobalizationonartistsandcreativeworkershavebeenmoreprofoundthanonculturalagenciesandinstitutions.

B.Itthreatensthetraditionalmodesofculturalproductionanddistribution.

C.Museumsandgalleriescandisplayandselltheirdigitizedcollections.

D.Downloadsfromtheinternetcontinuetoaffecttherevenuestreamsofperformers,publishersandrecordcompanies.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.impede

B.fuel

C.impact

D.impeachment

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨題。縱觀全文，文章主要提到了在全球化的環(huán)境給文化產(chǎn)業(yè)帶來了一些影響，全球化對(duì)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)在構(gòu)成一定的威脅和挑戰(zhàn)。所以文章內(nèi)容主要是圍繞全球化和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)展開的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Essentially,globalizationcanbedefinedasthreephenomena:thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofresources,especiallycapitalandlabor,betweencountriesandregions;theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities,withincreasedcommercialopportunitiesforbothnationalandtransnationalcompanies;andtheinternationalizationofcommunications,leadingto,amongotherthings,thefreetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld.”，可知文中提到的全球化帶來現(xiàn)象包括thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofresources“打破資源流動(dòng)的障礙”，theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities“許多商品在全球市場出現(xiàn)”，freetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld“文化符號(hào)和信息的自由傳播”，所以只有文化的多樣性沒有提及。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Therearebothtechnologicalandeconomiccausesunderlyingthesephenomena…whileitsoperationshavebeenenabledbyawidespreadacceptanceofneoliberaleconomicprinciplesasthebasisfornationalandinternationalpolicy-making.”，可知這些現(xiàn)象的背后既有技術(shù)原因，也有經(jīng)濟(jì)原因，而只有新自由主義經(jīng)濟(jì)原則作為國家和國際決策的基礎(chǔ)得到廣泛接受，才能使全球化成為可能。所以造成全球化趨勢的原因之一是新自由主義經(jīng)濟(jì)原則的普遍接受。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，“Theeffectsofthesetrendsonartists…h(huán)avebeenprofound.”，可知對(duì)于全球化對(duì)各方面的影響沒有進(jìn)行對(duì)比。選項(xiàng)A不符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Forexample,museumsandgalleriesaredigitizingtheircollections”，可知博物館和畫廊正在把他們的收藏品數(shù)字化，所以并沒有提到displayandsell，選項(xiàng)C不符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“…threatshaveemergedtotraditionalmodesofculturalproductionanddistribution,nowheremoreevidentthaninthemusicindustry,whereillegaldownloadsfromtheinternetcontinuetoaffecttherevenuestreamsofperformers,publishersandrecordcompanies.”，可知來自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的非法下載繼續(xù)對(duì)演員、出版商和唱片公司的收入來源造成影響。選項(xiàng)D并未提到下載是非法還是合法的，不符合文意，可排除。同時(shí)根據(jù)此句，可知傳統(tǒng)的文化生產(chǎn)和傳播方式受到了威脅。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.詞義理解題。impede“妨礙”；fuel“燃料，刺激因素”；impact“影響，撞擊”；impeachment“彈劾，控告”。句意：為全球化提供技術(shù)動(dòng)力。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Largeanimalsthatinhabitthedeserthaveevolvedanumberofadaptationsforreducingtheeffectsofextremeheat.

Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbtheSun'srays.Desertmammalsalsodepartfromthenormalmammalianpracticeofmaintainingaconstantbodytemperature.Insteadoftryingtokeepdownthebodytemperaturedeepinsidethebody,whichwouldinvolvetheexpenditureofwaterandenergy,desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight,andtemperaturesashighas46degreesCelsiushavebeenmeasuredinGrant’sgazelles.Theoverheatedbodythencoolsdownduringthecolddesertnight,andindeedthetemperaturemayfallunusuallylowbydawn,aslowas34degreesCelsiusinthecamel.Thisisanadvantagesincetheheatofthefirstfewhoursofdaylightisabsorbedinwarmingupthebody,andanexcessivebuildupofheatdoesnotbeginuntilwellintotheday.

Anotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornon-adaptedanimals.Thecamelcanloseupto30percentofitsbodyweightaswaterwithoutharmtoitself,whereashumanbeingsdieafterlosingonly12to13percentoftheirbodyweight.Anequallyimportantadaptationistheabilitytoreplenishthiswaterlossatonedrink.Desertanimalscandrinkprodigiousvolumesinashorttime,andcamelshavebeenknowntoimbibeover100litersinafewminutes.Averydehydratedperson,ontheotherhand,cannotdrinkenoughwatertorehydrateatonesession,becausethehumanstomachisnotsufficientlybigandbecauseatoorapiddilutionofthebodyfluidscausesdeathfromwaterintoxication.Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert,asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparseandfar-flungpastures.Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated,itisacommonexperienceinpeoplethatappetiteislostevenunderconditionsofmoderatethirst.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.TheauthorusesGrant'sgazelleasanexampleof（

）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdesert-adaptedmammals?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Weathervariationsinthedesert

B.Adaptationsofdesertanimals

C.Diseasedofdesertanimals

D.Humanuseofdesertanimals

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ananimalwithalowaveragetemperature

B.ananimalthatisnotaswelladaptedasthecamel

C.adesertanimalthatcanwithstandhighbodytemperatures

D.adesertanimalwithaconstantbodytemperature

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theydonotneedtoeatmuchfood

B.Theycaneatlargequantitiesquickly

C.Theyeasilylosetheirappetites

D.Theycantravellongdistanceslookingforfood

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段“Largeanimalsthatinhabitthedeserthaveevolvedanumberofadaptationsforreducingtheeffectsofextremeheat.生活在沙漠中的大型動(dòng)物己逐步形成了一些減少極度高溫影響的適應(yīng)方式”提出話題“生活在沙漠中動(dòng)物的適應(yīng)性”，之后的段落講述了“沙漠動(dòng)物的各種適應(yīng)，如沙漠動(dòng)物的毛是淺色的，這樣能去反射而不是吸收太陽光、避免通過消耗水分和能量來保持身體恒溫等，并跟人類進(jìn)行比較，來突出沙漠動(dòng)物的適應(yīng)性，”所以B選項(xiàng)“沙漠動(dòng)物的適應(yīng)性”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段中第三句“desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight,andtemperaturesashighas46degreesCelsiushavebeenmeasuredinGrant'sgazelles.沙漠中的哺乳類動(dòng)物允許自己的體溫上升到通常是發(fā)燒的程度，高達(dá)46攝氏度的體溫已在格蘭特瞪羚被測出”。確定C選項(xiàng)“能經(jīng)受高體溫的一種沙漠動(dòng)物”正確。

3.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“它們不需要吃太多的食物”和B項(xiàng)“它們能很快處大量的食物”在文中沒有提及，排除；由最后一段最后一句“Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated,itisacommonexperienceinpeoplethatappetiteislostevenunderconditionsofmoderatethirst.適應(yīng)沙漠的哺乳類動(dòng)物有在極度脫水時(shí)進(jìn)一步正常進(jìn)食的能力，而在人類中一個(gè)常見的經(jīng)歷是甚至在中等口渴的情況下都沒有胃口”確定C選項(xiàng)“它們?nèi)菀资プ约旱奈缚凇卞e(cuò)誤；由最后一段中倒數(shù)第二句“Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert,asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparseandfar-flungpastures.對(duì)水分流失的容忍度在沙漠中是明顯的優(yōu)勢，因?yàn)閯?dòng)物不需要去停留在水坑附近，而是能從啃食稀疏且遙遠(yuǎn)的草地來獲取食物”確定D選項(xiàng)“它們能行進(jìn)遠(yuǎn)的距離來尋找食物”正確。

11.單選題

JanewasfairlygoodatEnglish,butinmathematicsshecouldnot______therestofthestudentsinherclass.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.putupwith

B.keepupwith

C.doawaywith

D.runawaywith

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)putupwith“忍受，容忍”，B項(xiàng)keepupwith“趕得上，保持聯(lián)系”，C項(xiàng)doawaywith“廢除，去掉”，D項(xiàng)runawaywith“輕易獲得，偷走”。根據(jù)句子JanewasfairlygoodatEnglish,butinmathematicsshecouldnot“簡的英語相當(dāng)好，但數(shù)學(xué)不能”可知，B項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：簡的英語相當(dāng)好，但在數(shù)學(xué)方面她跟不上班上的其他同學(xué)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Themanagerthinksitadvisablethatsomeadjustment（）withoutdelay.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aremade

B.made

C.bemade

D.willbemade

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。在以it為形式賓語的復(fù)合賓語從句中有advisable時(shí)用虛擬語氣，其形式為：(shoulD.+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：經(jīng)理認(rèn)為一些調(diào)整應(yīng)該馬上進(jìn)行，刻不容緩。

13.單選題

Theovercrowdedlivingconditions（）aheavystrainonthefamily.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.set

B.put

C.made

D.pressed

【答案】B

【解析】putaheavystrainonsb.為慣用搭配,指對(duì)某人來說是一個(gè)沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。這里指：過度擁擠的生活條件給這個(gè)家庭造成了沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。

14.單選題

TheEuropeanUnionrevealedonJanuary23thhowitplanstosavetheworld.Amammothclimate-changeplanspellsoutindetailhowmuchpaineachofits27memberswillhavetobeariftheEUistomeetambitioustargetssetbynationalleaderslastMatch.

Theaimistocutgreenhouse-gasemissionsby2020byatleastafifth,andmorethandoubleto20%theamountofenergyproducedfromrenewablesourcessuchaswindorwavepower.Iffuelfromplantsprovesgreenenough,10%ofthefuelusedintransportmustcomefrombiofuelsbythesamedate.Thenewplanturnsthesegoalsintonationaltargets.Thiswillsurelystartmuchgrumblingandmonthsofhorse-trading,astheEuropeanCommission’srecommendationsareturnedintobindinglawbynationalgovernmentsandtheEuropeanParliament.

Countrieswithgreeneryintheirveinsarebeingaskedtotakemoreoftheburdenthannewermembers.Sweden,forexample,isbeinginvitedtomeet49%ofitsenergyfromrenewables.Attheotherend,Maltagetsarenewablestargetofjust10%.Itisasimilarstorywhenitcomestocuttinggreenhousegases:by2020,Denmarkmustcutemissionsby20%from2005levels;BulgariaandRomania,thenewestmembers,maylettheiremissionsriseby20%.

EUleadershiponclimatechangewillnotcomecheap.Thedirectcostsalonemaybee60billion($87billion),orabout0.5%oftotalEUGDP,by2020,saidthecommission’spresident,JoseManuelBarroso.Butthisisstillpresentedasabargaincomparedwiththecostofinaction,whichMrBarrosoputattentimesashigh.“Oh,leadingtheworldinthefightagainstclimatechangeneednotcostjobs,eveninthemostheavilypollutingbranchesofheavyindustry.WewanttokeepourindustryinEurope”,insistedMr.Barroso.

ThetricktoachievetheseeminglyimpossibletargetsistheEU’semissions-tradingscheme(ETS).ThisobligesbigpolluterssuchaspowercompaniesormanufacturinggiantstotradepermitsthatallowthemtoemitCO2andotherclimate-changenasties,withinasteadilytighteningoverallcap.Ifcountriessu