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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京醫(yī)科大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

ThebureaudevelopsandimplementsUSforeigneconomicpolicyandtriesto_______America'seconomicinterestswithitsforeignpolicy.

問題1選項

A.undertake

B.resolve

C.obey

D.reconcile

【答案】D

【解析】undertake承擔,保證;resolve決心;obey服從;reconcile使和解,使一致。句意:該局制定和實施美國的對外經濟政策,并努力使美國的經濟利益與其外交政策相協(xié)調。選項D符合句意。

2.翻譯題

1.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese(5marks)

AfteranumberofreportsregardingthesupposedlaunchdateofApplePayinChina,themobilepaymentserviceprovidedbytheUStechgiantwithChinaUnionPayhasofficiallybecomeavailableinthecountryat5amonThursday.ChinahasbecomethefifthcountryinwhichApplehasdeployeditspaymentsystem,aftertheUS,theUK,Canada,andAustralia.Insteadofscanningabarcode,whichisrequiredbyexistingmobilepaymentservicesprovidedbyAlipayandWeChat,ApplePayuserswillutilizewhatiscallednear-fieldcommunicationtechnologytoallowcontactlessdataexchangebetweeniPhone,AppleWatchandpointofsaleterminals.

【答案】在一系列關于蘋果支付在中國上市日期的報道之后,這家美國科技巨頭與中國銀聯(lián)合作提供的移動支付服務已于周四凌晨5點正式在中國上市。中國已經成為繼美國、英國、加拿大和澳大利亞之后,蘋果第五個部署支付系統(tǒng)的國家。蘋果支付用戶將利用所謂的近場通信技術,實現(xiàn)iPhone、AppleWatch和銷售點終端之間的非接觸式數(shù)據(jù)交換,而不是掃描支付寶和微信提供的現(xiàn)有移動支付服務所要求的條形碼。

3.單選題

Theadvancementofscienceandtechnologyhasdemonstratedthatafactappearingtocontradicttocertaintheorymayactuallybe()amoreadvancedformulationofthattheory.

問題1選項

A.consistentwith

B.eliminatedby

C.inoppositionto

D.incompatiblewith

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beconsistentwith與…一致,符合;inoppositionto與…相反;beincompatiblewith與…不相容的;句意:先進的科學技術證明了如果一個看似與某一理論相悖的事實,實際可能與一個更先進的理論形式相符。由actually可知前后有相反的意味,故此空意思應與contradict意義相反,故A項正確。

4.單選題

Ittookhimseveralmonthsto______thewildhorse.

問題1選項

A.tend

B.cultivate

C.tame

D.breed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項tend“趨向,傾向”,B項cultivate“培養(yǎng)”,C項tame“馴服”,D項breed“使動物繁殖,培養(yǎng)”。根據(jù)關鍵詞wildhorse“野馬”可知,C選項符合語境。句意:馴服那匹野馬花了他幾個月的時間。因此,該題選擇C項正確。

5.單選題

WhenIaskedifablackpoliticiancouldwininFrance,however,heresponded():“No,conditionsaredifferenthere.”

問題1選項

A.ambiguously

B.implicitly

C.unhesitatingly

D.optimistically

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。ambiguously“含糊不清地”;implicitly“暗含地”;unhesitatingly“毫不猶豫地”;optimistically“樂觀地”。句意:當我問道一位黑人政治家能否在法國贏得選舉,他毫不猶豫地說:“不,在這兒情況完全不一樣”。選項C符合題意。

6.翻譯題

NoissueisasvitaltothefutureofU.S.researchuniversitiesasarenewalofcommitmenttothemutualbenefitsofresearchandeducation.Oneofthegreatstrengthsofourresearchuniversitiesistheirabilitytolinkthecreationofnewknowledgewiththetransferofthatknowledgetostudents.Unfortunately,numeroussigns(somereal,someperceived)pointtowardagrowingemphasisonresearchandade-emphasisoneducation.

Asensationalisticviewofthesetrendsoftenemergesinthepopularpress.Recentstorieshavedescribedadetachedprofessor’sleavingteachingtograduatestudents,rewardsystemsbasedon“publishorperish”,faculty“buyingout”ofteachingresponsibilities,andtenureandpromotiondecisionsbasedentirelyonone’sabilitytoattractfederalresearchdollars.Thesetypesofreportshavefueledagrowingpublicbacklashagainsthighereducation.Anumberofstateshavetoinstituteminimumrequirementsforclassroomtimeandofficehoursforfacultyatpublicresearchuniversities.

【答案】對美國研究型大學的未來來說,沒有什么比重新致力于研究和教育的共同利益更重要。研究型大學的最大優(yōu)勢之一是它們能夠將新知識的創(chuàng)造與向學生傳授知識聯(lián)系起來。不幸的是,許多跡象(有些是真實的,有些是察覺到的)表明,這些大學越來越重視研究,而不那么重視教育。

大眾媒體上經常出現(xiàn)關于這種趨勢的嘩眾取寵的觀點。最近的一些報道介紹了把教學任務扔給研究生的冷漠教授、基于“要么發(fā)表論文,要么死亡”原則的獎勵制度、“買斷”教學責任的教師以及完全取決于吸引聯(lián)邦研究經費的能力的任期和晉升制度。這類報告激起了公眾對高等教育的強烈反對。許多州已經為公立研究型大學的教師制定了上課時間和辦公時間的最低要求。

7.單選題

Apersonwithhishead-in-the-cloudsisadreamer;(

)mindisnotintherealworld.

問題1選項

A.which

B.that

C.whose

D.ofwhom

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句的用法。前后各有謂語動詞部分,因此空格處需要填入關聯(lián)詞。后半句空格后是名詞mind,是主語的一部分,因此只能填入C選項whose修飾,后半句是由whose引導的非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞dreamer,整句句意:想入非非的人是夢想家,他的意識并不存在于現(xiàn)實世界中。

8.單選題

Asaresult,theyhadto()answeringtheirletterbythreedays.

問題1選項

A.decide

B.refrain

C.surpass

D.delay

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。選項中只有delay后面可以接動名詞。句意:他們不得不推遲三天回信。所以本題選D。

9.單選題

Afolkcultureisasmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Orderismaintainedthroughsanctionsbasedinthereligionorfamily,andinterpersonalrelationshipsarestrong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperforinagreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.Mostgoodsarehandmade,andasubsistenceeconomyprevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkculturesasaresocialclasses.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAnglo-AmericanistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlabor-savingdevicesoftheIndustrialage.InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.TheAmish’scentralreligiousconceptofDemut,"humility",clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualismandsocialclassessotypicaloffolkcultures,andthereisacorrespondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.RarelydotheAmishmarryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.

Bycontrast,apopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroup,oftenhighlyindividualisticandconstantlychanging.Relationshipstendtobeimpersonal,andapronounceddivisionoflaborexists,leadingtotheestablishmentofmanyspecializedprofessions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandamiytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,“popular”maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom“folk”.

Thepopularisreplacingthefolkinindustrializedcountriesandinmanydevelopingnations.Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduce,iseasierortime-savingtouse,orlendsmoreprestigetotheowner.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whichofthefollowingistypicaloffolkcultures?

3.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheUnitedStatesandCanada?

4.WhatisthemainsourceoforderinAmishsociety?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAmishbeliefsdoesthepassagesupport?

問題1選項

A.Twodecadesinmodernsociety.

B.Theinfluenceofindustrialtechnology.

C.Thecharacteristicsof“folk”and“popular”societies

D.ThespecializationoflaborinCanadaandtheUnitedStates

問題2選項

A.Thereisamoney-basedeconomy

B.Socialchangeoccursslowly

C.Contactwithotherculturesisencouraged.

D.Eachpersondevelopsonespecializedskill.

問題3選項

A.Theyvaluefolkcultures.

B.Theyhavepopularcultures.

C.Theyhavenosocialclasses.

D.Theydonotvalueindividualism.

問題4選項

A.Thegovernment.

B.Theclanstructure.

C.Theeconomy.

D.Thereligion.

問題5選項

A.Variousreligiouspracticesaretolerated.

B.Individualismandcompetitionareimportant.

C.Pre-moderntechnologyispreferred.

D.Peoplearedefinedaccordingtotheirclass.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章主要分為三個部分,第一個部分講述的是民間文化社會的特點,第二部分講述的是大眾文化社會的特點,第三部分是講述在工業(yè)時代的如今,大眾流行文化正在取代民間文化。選項A:二十年的現(xiàn)代社會;選項B:工業(yè)技術的影響;選項D:加拿大和美國的勞動專業(yè)化,以上選項均與原文不符。選項C:“民俗化”社會與“大眾化”社會的特征“為正確選項。

第2題:事實細節(jié)題。由題干意思定位到文章第一段中Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.“傳統(tǒng)是至高無上的,很少有改變,而且變化很慢。很少有專門的勞動分工。”由此可知選項B“社會變革發(fā)生得很慢”與原文相符,為正確選項,而選項A、C、D均與原文表述的意思相反。

第3題:事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是關于美國和加拿大,作者暗示了什么?可以定位到文章第—段中UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.“在美國和加拿大等工業(yè)化國家,一成不變的民間文化已經不復存在。”可以推斷出兩個國家的文化均已大眾流行化,由此可知B選項“它們有大眾流行文化”與原文意思相符,因此B為正確選項。

第4題:事實細節(jié)題。由題干關鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.“其宗教,作為Mennonite信仰的一種,提供了維持秩序的主要機制?!庇纱丝芍狣選項“宗教”為正確選項,選項A、B、C均與題意不符。

第5題:事實細節(jié)題。選項A:容忍各種宗教活動。這與文章所表述的阿米什人很少與他們宗派以外的人通婚不符,因此錯誤。選項B:個人主義和競爭很重要這與文章“theweaknessofindividualismandsocialclasses”意思不符,所以為錯誤選項。選項D:每個人發(fā)展一項專門技能,明顯與文中第一段描述不符。選項C:現(xiàn)代以前的技術更受喜歡,與原文“InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.”所表述的意思“在Amish地區(qū),輕便馬車仍然是當?shù)氐慕煌üぞ?,信徒們不允許擁有汽車。”相符,因此C選項正確。

10.單選題

Einsteinwasamandeeply()totheidealofthemorallyresponsiblescientist.

問題1選項

A.affected

B.committed

C.subjected

D.maintained

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。affect“影響”;commit“承諾”;subject“使服從”,maintain“維修”。愛因斯坦是一個決心成為有責任感的科學家的人。選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

Faces,likefingerprints,areunique.Didyou(1)wonderhowitispossibleforusto(2)people?Evenaskilledwriterprobablycouldnotdescribeallthe(3)thatmakeonefacedifferentfromanother.Yetaveryyoungchild—(4)ananimal,suchasapigeon—canlearntorecognizefaces.Weall(5)thisabilityforgranted.Wealsotellpeopleapart(6)howtheybehave.Whenwetalkaboutsomeone’spersonality,wemean

(7)inwhichheorsheacts,speaks,thinks,andfeelsthat(8)thatindividualdifferentfromothers.Likethehumanface,humanpersonalityisverycomplex.Butdescribingsomeone’spersonality(9)wordsissomewhateasierthan(10)hisface.Ifyouwereaskedtodescribewhata“niceface”lookedlike,you(11)haveadifficulttimedoingso.Butifyouwereaskedtodescribea“niceperson,”you(12)

(13),friendly,warm,andsoforth.Therearemanywordstodescribe

(14)apersonthinks,feels,andacts.GordonAirport(15)U.S.psychologist,foundnearly18,000Englishwords(16)differencesinpeople’sbehavior.Andmanyofususethisinformationasa(17)fordescribingortypinga(18).

(19)militarytypes—peoplearedescribedwithsuch(20).

問題1選項

A.sometimes

B.ever

C.always

D.anytime

問題2選項

A.spot

B.locate

C.know

D.recognize

問題3選項

A.features

B.characters

C.distinctions

D.qualities

問題4選項

A.oreven

B.andalso

C.andthen

D.andtoo

問題5選項

A.have

B.use

C.take

D.regard

問題6選項

A.in

B.by

C.from

D.with

問題7選項

A.themanners

B.themeans

C.theways

D.thepatterns

問題8選項

A.causes

B.cause

C.makes

D.make

問題9選項

A.with

B.by

C.in

D.using

問題10選項

A.descriptionof

B.describing

C.todescribe

D.describe

問題11選項

A.will

B.would

C.shall

D.should

問題12選項

A.may

B.can

C.might

D.will

問題13選項

A.considerate

B.considerable

C.considering

D.concerned

問題14選項

A.why

B.when

C.how

D.what

問題15選項

A.a

B.an

C.theways

D.that

問題16選項

A.characterizing

B.characterize

C.characterized

D.tocharacterize

問題17選項

A.base

B.foundation

C.point

D.criterion

問題18選項

A.person

B.personality

C.man

D.woman

問題19選項

A.politicians

B.conservatives

C.speakers

D.scholars

問題20選項

A.nouns

B.nicknames

C.jargon

D.terms

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:D

第9題:C

第10題:B

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:C

第15題:A

第16題:A

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】(1)did表明句子時態(tài)為過去時,所以ever(曾經)符合原文。

(2)根據(jù)下文makeonefacedifferentfromanother可知,這里指如何區(qū)分不同的人。選項D正確。

(3)根據(jù)原文句意可知,這里應填入特征一次。選項A和B都有特點,特征的意思。但features一般用來描述容貌的特點,所以選項A正確。

(4)破折號后面的內容為插入語進行補充說明,表遞進。所以選項A更符合原文。

(5)takesth.forgranted為固定搭配,意為:認為某事理所當然。

(6)介詞搭配。tell不與in搭配;tellAfromB區(qū)分A和B;tellAbyB通過B來區(qū)分A;tellAwithB用B講述A。根據(jù)上下文可知,這里是指通過人們的行為來區(qū)分人們。所以本題選B。

(7)inthemanner在現(xiàn)行中,當場;inthemean同時,在此期間;intheway妨礙,擋道;inthepattern在某種模式下。根據(jù)下文的“sheacts,speaks,thinks”可知,選項D符合原文。

(8)主句主語為thepatterns,所以動詞不需要用第三人稱單數(shù),首先排除選項A和C。cause后面一般接原因狀語,所以本題選D。故選make。

(9)根據(jù)前面的關鍵詞describe可知這里應該填入介詞in,inwords用語言,口頭上。

(10)根據(jù)句子結構,...iseasierthan...,所以前后應該為平行結構,前面是describing,所以這里也應該用describing。

(11)If引導的條件假設句是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬,所以整句的時態(tài)應該用過去式。

(12)If引導的條件假設句用虛擬語氣,might表示推測。

(13)considerate體貼的,體諒的,考慮周到的;considerable相當大的,重要的,值得考慮的;considering考慮到;concerned有關的,關心的。根據(jù)kind,friendly可知,選項A符合原文。

(14)根據(jù)句意:很多詞可以用來形容人是如何思考、如何感受和如何行動的。選項C符合原文。

(15)這里是泛指一位心理學家,所以用不定冠詞a。

(16)本句已有謂語動詞found,所以填空處應填入非謂語動詞。這里不存在被動關系,所以選項A正確。

(17)criterion指規(guī)范,標準。根據(jù)原文:我們很多人用這些信息作為描述的標準...選項D符合句意。

(18)上文提到這些單詞是用來形容人的行為,也就是人的某個特征或者品性。所以選項B正確。

(19)politician政客;conservative保守派;speaker發(fā)言人;scholar學者。根據(jù)Hippies,bookworm可以推測這些詞都是用來描述擁有某一典型特征的人。所以選項B符合原文。

(20)名詞辨析題。nouns名詞;nicknames昵稱;jargon行話;terms有術語的意思,所以本題選D。

12.單選題

()forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.

問題1選項

A.Haditnotbeen

B.Wereitnot

C.Beitnot

D.Shoulditnotbe

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣的倒裝。句意:要不是公眾及時投資,我們公司就不會像現(xiàn)在這樣繁榮。由此可知,主句和從句發(fā)生的時間不一致,主句是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬,所以用would+動詞原形;從句是對過去的虛擬,投資發(fā)生在公司繁榮之前,所以應使用過去完成時,即had+過去分詞。虛擬條件句中如果含有助動詞should、had和were,可以將if省略,將助動詞提前。這里還原應該是“Ifithadnotbeenforthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic…”,將助動詞提前之后就是Haditnotbeen,所以選項A正確。

13.單選題

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetomakewaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomeprimaryquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Wouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Wouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldprovidetheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportationimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplaceinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtime,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered,asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfulltimejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutintherecentopinionpollsshowsthat(

2.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat(

3.Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentwereoverwhelminginthat(

4.Thearticleconcludesthat(

問題1選項

A.availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation.

B.newjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures.

C.availableemploymentmustbemorewidelydistributedamongtheunemployed.

D.thenowadayshighunemploymentfiguresareatruthoflife.

問題2選項

A.universalemploymentvirtuallyguaranteedprosperity.

B.economicfreedomcamewithineveryone’scontrol.

C.patternsofworkwerefundamentallychanged.

D.people’sattitudestoworkhadtobereversed.

問題3選項

A.thehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely.

B.mennowtraveledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork.

C.theworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered.

D.youngandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety.

問題4選項

A.thecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility.

B.oureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient.

C.peopleshouldbeginsupportingthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill.

D.weshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段,高失業(yè)率確實是現(xiàn)在存在的一種社會現(xiàn)象,并且會持續(xù)下去。所以選項中“atruthoflife”最符合題意,選項D最符合題意。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“someofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbrought”,第四段中“hefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustries”可以看出工業(yè)時代的到來推動了整個工業(yè)模式的變化。選項C符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段。所有人都受到了就業(yè)影響,其中也包括“thosenotinpaid”,那些沒有受雇的人,如學生和退休人員,故選項C符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的最后一句中“withoutfulltimejobs”,可知選項D符合題意。

14.單選題

AmericanandChineseculturesare(1)insomeways.AnAmericanhostess,(2)forherculinary(烹調)skill,islikelytosay,“Oh,I’msogladyoulikedit.Icookeditespeciallyforyou.”NotsoaChinesehostess,whowillinstead(3)forgivingyounothingevenslightly(4)andfornotshowingyouenoughhonor(5)providingproperdishes.

Thesamerulesholdtrue(6)children.Americanparentsspeakproudlyoftheirchildren’sachievements,tellinghowJohnnymadetheschoolteamorJanemadethehonorroll.NotsoChineseparents,whosechildren,evenifatthetopoftheirschool,arealwaysso“naughty”,neverstudying,neverlisteningtotheirelders,andsoforth.

TheChinesetakepridein“modesty”;Americans(7)“straightforwardness”.ThismodestyhasleftmanyaChinesehungryatanAmericantable,forChinesepoliteness(8)threerefusalsbeforeoneacceptsanoffer,andAmericanhoststakea“no”tomean“non”,whetherit’sthefirst,second,orthirdtime.

Recently,amemberofadelegationsenttoChinabyalargeAmericancorporation,complainedtomeabouthowtheChinesehadaskedthemthreetimesiftheywouldbewillingtochangesomeproposal,andeachtimetheAmericanshadsaid“no”clearlyand(9).MyfriendwasangrythattheChinesehadnottakenhiswordthefirsttime.Irecognizedtheproblemimmediatelyand(10)whytheAmericanshadnotstudieduponculturaldifferencebeforecomingtoChina.Itwouldhavesavedeveryonealotofperplexityandneedlessfrustrationintheirnegotiations.

問題1選項

A.similar

B.familiar

C.opposite

D.adverse

問題2選項

A.complimented

B.compiled

C.complemented

D.commented

問題3選項

A.praise

B.apologize

C.bedisappointed

D.besatisfied

問題4選項

A.eligible

B.illegible

C.suitable

D.edible

問題5選項

A.for

B.on

C.by

D.in

問題6選項

A.regardfor

B.regardas

C.regardlessof

D.withregardto

問題7選項

A.in

B.of

C.for

D.on

問題8選項

A.callson

B.callsfor

C.callsup

D.callsin

問題9選項

A.ambiguously

B.roughly

C.definitely

D.arbitrarily

問題10選項

A.believed

B.knew

C.cautioned

D.wondered

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:D

【解析】1.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項similar“相似的”;B選項familiar“熟悉的”;C選項opposite“相反的”;D選項adverse“不利的”。由后文可知此處的意思是美國和中國的文化在某些方面是不同的。因此C選項符合題意。

2.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項complimented“稱贊”;B選項compiled“匯編”;C選項complemented“補足”;D選項commented“評論”。此處的意思是美國的女主人被稱贊廚藝不錯時。因此A選項符合題意。

3.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項praise“表揚”;B選項apologize“道歉”;C選項bedisappointed“失望”;D選項besatisfied“滿意”。此處的意思是中國的主人會向你道歉。因此B選項符合題意。

4.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項eligible“合格的”;B選項illegible“難辨認的”;C選項suitable“適當?shù)摹保籇選項edible“可食用的”。此處的意思是沒什么好吃的飯菜。因此D選項符合題意。

5.考查介詞辨析。A選項for“為了”;B選項on“在……上面”;C選項by“通過”;D選項in“在……里面”。此處的意思是沒有提供適當?shù)牟穗葋肀硎緦δ愕淖鹁?。因此C選項符合題意。

6.考查詞組辨析。A選項regardfor“對……的注意”;B選項regardas“把……認作”;C選項regardlessof“不顧”;D選項withregardto“關于”。此處的意思是這樣的規(guī)則在關于對待孩子的方面也有體現(xiàn)。因此D選項符合題意。

7.考查介詞辨析。takepridein“以……為傲”。此處對應了前文的takepridein,表示美國人提倡坦率。因此A選項符合題意。

8.考查詞組辨析。A選項callson“訪問”;B選項callsfor“要求”;C選項callsup“召集”;D選項callsin“召來”。此處的意思是中國人的禮貌要求他們在接受什么東西之前,一定要推脫兩三回。因此B選項符合題意。

9.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項ambiguously“含糊不清地”;B選項roughly“粗糙地”;C選項definitely“肯定地”;D選項arbitrarily“武斷地”。此處的意思是美國人清楚而絕對地說“不”。因此C選項符合題意。

10.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項believed“相信”;B選項knew“知道”;C選項cautioned“警告”;D選項wondered“想知道”。此處的意思是想知道為什么這些美國人來中國前沒有提前了解一下中國不同的文化。因此D選項符合題意。

15.單選題

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoatanevenearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolutiontheshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon(擾亂)European’sprivatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmerican-stylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today’stech-savvy(精通技術的)workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage—twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegativedarkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautifulandstrong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn’tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”O(jiān)nlyanidealwomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufrnann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,”thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon’tlastlongiftheystartatall.EppendorfablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe’dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdidgiveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.”

1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause(

).

2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

).

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat

).

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

問題1選項

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

問題2選項

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmericanstylecapitalism.

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.

問題3選項

A.warmandlightheated

B.oneithersideofmarriage

C.negativeandgloomy

D.healthyandwealthy

問題4選項

A.somemodernwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

問題5選項

A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners.

B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.

C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.

D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe"irresistiblemomentumofindividualism"overthelastcentury.(一位法國社會學家認為,從家庭生活到獨處生活方式的轉變,是上個世紀“不可抗拒的個人主義勢頭”的一部分)可知A選項“他們受到強烈的個人主義的驅使”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmerican-stylecapitalism.(在歐洲從社會民主向更尖銳、更個人主義的美國式資本主義轉變的過程中,當代的獨居者逐漸成熟)可知B選項“歐洲社會越來越接近美國式的資本主義”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoiceTheywereyoung,beautifulandstrong!(最新一批單身人士是三四十歲的高收入者,他們越來越認為獨居是一種生活方式的選擇……他們年輕,漂亮,強壯?。┛芍狣選項“健康和富有”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中I'vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.(我總是做我想做的事:過一種自主的生活)可知A選項“一些現(xiàn)代女性更喜歡個人自由的生活”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了越來越多的歐洲人選擇在年輕時保持單身;第二段講述了歐洲經濟的發(fā)展促進了獨立趨勢,使人們具有獨立生活的能力;第三段講述了越來越多的高收入者選擇獨居生活;第四段舉例人們選擇單身的原因與個人事業(yè)發(fā)展有關。本文一直都是圍繞單身這個主題來展開闡述,已經成為一種趨勢,因此C選項“研究年輕人獨居的趨勢”符合題意。

16.單選題

Fromchildhoodtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst(16),theywerelikenewbornchildren,unabletousethis(17)tool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,thepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture(18)andculturalgrowthincreased.

Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis(19)forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They(20)thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus(21)aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlow(22).Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour(23)forlanguageisinborn,butthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually,(24)afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical(25)timesforlanguagedevelopment.

Current(26)ofinnatenesstheoryaremixed,however,evidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.(27),moreandmoreschoolsare

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