考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京大學(xué)金陵學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京大學(xué)金陵學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.寫作題

PeopleallovertheworldspendtimesurfingtheInternet.Sometimes,surfingtheInternethasreplacedmoreactivepastimessuchassportsorvisitingwithfriends.

Writeacompositionofnolessthan250wordsanddiscuss,whetherlifeonInternethashadagoodorbadeffectonpeople'sdailylife.

Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutline:.

Goodeffect.

Badeffect.

Conclusion.

【答案】TheInternetandItsEffectsonPeoplesDailyLife

Throughoutthe20th

century,asoneofthemostadvancedinnovationsilltheareaofinformationtechnology,Internethasexertedanextremelyimportantinfluenceonpeople’sproductionandsocialactivities.Inrecentyears,we’rewitnessedarapidgrowthinthepopularityofInternetandwemaysay,wehavealreadyenteredtheInternetera.Whether,however,lifeonInternethasagoodorbadeffectonpeople’sdailylife?Admittedly,therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.

Definitely,itsconvenienceandpracticalityareofgreatsignificanceforus.Firstly,itisInternetthatmakesitpossibleforpeopletoadapttotherapiddevelopmentofhigh-techsocietyandtobeprovidedwiththeavailabilityofknowledgeandinformationfromallovertheworld.Withitsrichnessofinformation,theInternetprovideduswithchancestoknowabouttheworldandtoexpandourhorizonwithoutleavinghome.Inaddition,theinternetconnectsthecomputersaroundtheworld,andpeoplecantalkwithandseeeachothereasilyandcheaply,evenacrosstheocean.Moreover,manyhospitalsandtrainstationshaveopenedtheirownticketbookingsystemstoreducethelengthofthequeuebeforetheirown’storeduce.

However,Internetisalsolikeadouble-edgedsword.Atfirst,inthesparetime,PeopleprefertosurftheInternetallthedayratherthandosomeoutdooractivitieswiththeirfriends,suchashavingapicnicorplayingfootball.Itmaybeadangeroussignalthatlesscommunicationinactuallifeisbringingaboutcoldnessofinterpersonalrelationships.Besides,therearesomebadguyswhomaytakeadvantageoftheinternettodosomethingbad,suchasspreadingpornmaterialstothechildren,abductingnaivegirlsthroughonlinechattingrooms,andmakingschoolageboys’addicttotheonlinegames.

Inconclusion,Internetisthetrendinourdailylife.WecanbenefitmostfromitonlyifwetakegoodadvantagesofInternetandtrytobecarefulenoughtokeepthepotentialbadeffectsaway.

2.單選題

Wecannotbe（）withhimduetohismisbehavioratthemeetingyesterday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Pecked

B.reconciled

C.perturbed

D.presumed

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。peck啄食；perturb感到不安；presumed推定。Bereconcilewith為固定搭配，表示與……和解。

3.單選題

Whenitcomestoteaching（

）,manyparentsbelievethatiftheyteachtheirchildrenandtreatthemkindly,thekidswillknowhowtobehave.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mentality

B.morality

C.complicated

D.majority

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。mentality心理，智力；morality道德，品行，美德；complicated復(fù)雜的；majority多數(shù)。句意：說到道德教育，許多家長(zhǎng)相信如果他們溫和地教育孩子，對(duì)待孩子，孩子們就知道如何守規(guī)矩了。下文提到的內(nèi)容屬于道德品行范疇，故B項(xiàng)符合題意。答案B

4.單選題

PerhapsnosinglemonumentintheUSAisasfamousaretheStateofLiberty.StandingonasmallislandinNewYorkHarbor,thecrownedlady,holdingaloftinherrighthandthetorchoffreedomandinherlefthandatabletwhichisinscribed“July4th,1776”，isasymbolofAmericandemocracy.Sheiscolossal.Sheis151ft.highandthepedestalonwhichshestandsisalmostasmuch.Anelevatortakesvisitorstothetopofthepedestal,aroundwhichabalconyruns.

ASpiralstaircasegoesuptothecrown,andanothertothetorch.TheStateofLibertywasagifttotheUSAfromFrancein1886,asamarkoffriendshipandalsoinmemoryoftheaidFrancegavetheAmericansduringtheAmericanRevolution.

Formillionsofimmigrants,theStatuewastheirfirstsightofthepromisedland,andforafewitwasalsothelast,astheysailedbackhomeagain.AboutamilefromLibertyIsland,thereisanothersmallisland,calledEllisIsland,whichwaslookeduponwithdreadbytheimmigrants.Foritwasherethattheyhadtowaittheirturntobeexaminedbydoctorsandofficials.MostoftheimmigrantscouldnotspeakawordofEnglish.Butonlytwooutof100immigrantswererefusedadmissiontoNewYorkCity.Oftenthepersonrefusedturnedouttobeagrand-motheroraweary,frightenedgirlmistakenlylabeled“feeble-minded.”Sometimeshusbandsandwiveswerepartedbecauseoneofthemhappenedtohaveabadcoughandwassuspectedofhavingtuberculosis.

NewYorkCitywasabitterdisillusionmenttosomeimmigrants.Forfrombeingacitypavedwithgold,itwasacityteemingwithovercrowded,unhealthyandunsafeghettos.Theimmigrantslookedforearlierimmigrantsoftheirownnationalityorreligion.SoItalian,Polish,Irish,Jewishneighborhoodsgrewup.BecausetheycouldnotspeakEnglish,thenewcomersfounditdifficulttogetworkatonce,andtheirlivingquarterswereoftenslums.

However,theyfoundintheUSAopportunitiesofbetteringthemselves.TodayimmigrantsnolongerhavetoenduretheindignitiesofEllsIsland.Thegrimbuildingswerecloseddownin1924.In1976,EllisIslandbecameanhistoricmonument.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Theword“colossal”inparagraph1means（

）.

3.ImmigrantslookeduponEllisIslandwithdreadbecause（

）.

4.Paragraph3impliesthat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementisnottrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.GatewaytotheUSA

B.StateofLiberty

C.EllisIsland

D.ImmigrantsoftheUSA

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.miniature

B.colorful

C.enormous

D.beautiful

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theycouldnotspeakaword

B.theymightberefusedadmissiontotheUSA

C.husbandsandwivesmightberecognized

D.theyweresuspected

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.NewYorkCitywaspavedwithgold

B.immigrantsofthesamenationalityandreligionlivedinthesamebuilding

C.immigrantslivedeverywhere

D.someimmigrantsweredisappointedatNewYorkCity

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheStatueofLibertywasagiftfromFrance.

B.FrancegavetheUSAtheStatetocommemoratetheaidtheyreceivedfromtheUS.

C.TheStatueofLibertyisthemostfamousmonumentintheUSA

D.TheStatueofLibertyisthesymbolofAmericandemocracy.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章開頭主要提到了美國(guó)的自由女神像：它的外觀、高度、結(jié)構(gòu)、來源以及意義等。接著提到了外來移民在美國(guó)的現(xiàn)實(shí)生存狀況以及后續(xù)發(fā)生的變化。選項(xiàng)B、C、D都只涉及到了其中一個(gè)點(diǎn)，不全面。而選項(xiàng)A“通往美國(guó)的門戶”既指代了美國(guó)自由女神像，也可以用來指代外來移民進(jìn)入美國(guó)的情形，符合題意。

2.根據(jù)后面的句子Sheis151ft.high“她高151英尺”可推測(cè)colossal是巨大的意思，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.文章第三段Foritwasherethattheyhadtowaittheirturntobe

examinedbydoctorsandofficials提到因?yàn)樵谶@里他們（外來移民）不得不等待醫(yī)生和官員的檢查。因?yàn)槿绻麢z查不通過的話，他們會(huì)被拒絕入美國(guó)境內(nèi)，所以他們很擔(dān)心。選項(xiàng)B“他們可能會(huì)被拒絕進(jìn)入美國(guó)”符合題意。

4.文章第四段第一句NewYorkCitywasabitterdisillusionmenttosomeimmigrants提到紐約市對(duì)一些移民來說是一種痛苦的幻滅，可以推出選項(xiàng)D“一些移民對(duì)美國(guó)感到失望”符合題意。

5.文章第二段asamarkoffriendshipandalsoinmemoryoftheaidFrancegavetheAmericansduringtheAmericanRevolution提到是為了紀(jì)念在美國(guó)革命期間法國(guó)給予美國(guó)人的援助，選項(xiàng)B“為了紀(jì)念從美國(guó)那里獲得的援助”說法是錯(cuò)誤的，符合題意。

5.單選題

Shedecidedtoaccepthisofferofmarriageafterhe（

）herformonthswithflowersandexpensivepresents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wrung

B.wriggled

C.wonted

D.wooed

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)wring“蠕動(dòng)、扭動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)wriggle“使蠕動(dòng)、蠕動(dòng)到”；C選項(xiàng)wont“使習(xí)慣于”；D選項(xiàng)woo“追求、求愛”，根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞“marriage結(jié)婚；flowersandexpensivepresents鮮花和昂貴的禮物”可知woo“追求、求愛”符合語(yǔ)境，句意為：在他以鮮花和昂貴的禮物向她求愛數(shù)月之后，她決定接受他的求婚。故正確答案選D。

6.單選題

Thejobsofwildlifetechniciansandbiologistseemed（

）tohim,butonedayhediscoveredtheirdifference.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identical

B.vertical

C.parallel

D.specific

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。identical意為“相同的，同一的”；vertical意為“垂直的，豎立的”；parallel意為“平行的”；specific意為“明確的”。

句意：野生動(dòng)物技術(shù)人員和生物學(xué)家的工作對(duì)他來說似乎是一樣的，但有一天他發(fā)現(xiàn)了它們的不同之處。

7.單選題

Thethreeclimberscanemployaguideto（）themontheirwayupthemountain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.guide

B.conduct

C.lead

D.direct

【答案】C

【解析】句意:那三個(gè)登山者可以在爬山的路上雇一個(gè)向?qū)ьI(lǐng)他們上山。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。guide帶領(lǐng)，陪同……到目的地；conduct引導(dǎo)，組織安排；lead帶路，引領(lǐng);direct把……對(duì)準(zhǔn)，指路。因此C符合句意。

8.單選題

Amajoritytakencollectivelymayberegardedasabeingwhoseopinionsand,mostfrequently,whoseinterestsareopposedtothoseofanotherbeing,whichisstyledaminority.Ifitisadmittedthatamanpossessingabsolutepowermaymisusethatpowerbywronginghisadversaries,whyshouldamajoritynotbeliabletothesamereproach?Menarenotapttochangetheircharactersbyagglomeration;nordoestheirpatienceinthepresenceofobstaclesincreasewiththeconsciousnessoftheirstrength.Forthesereasonsweshouldnotwillinglyinvestanygroupofourfellowswiththatunlimitedauthoritywhichweshouldrefusetoanyindividual.

Onesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,butlibertyisendangeredwhenthispowerischeckedbynoobstacleswhichmayretarditscourseandforceittomoderateitsownvehemence.Unlimitedpowerisinitselfabadanddangerousthing,andnopoweronearthissoworthyofhonorforitselforofreverentialobediencetotherightswhichitrepresentsthatweshouldadmititsuncontrolledandall-predominantauthority.Whentherightandmeansofabsolutecommandareconferredonapeopleoraking,onanaristocracyorademocracy,amonarchyorarepublic,therehasbeenimplantedthegermoftyranny.

ThemainevilofthepresentdemocraticinstitutionsoftheUnitedStatesdoesnotarise,asisoftenassertedinEurope,fromtheirweakness,butfromtheiroverpoweringstrength;theexcessivelibertywhichreignsinthatcountryisnotsoalarmingasistheveryinadequatesecuritywhichexistsagainsttyranny.

WhenanindividualorapartyiswrongedintheUnitedStates,towhomcanheapplyforredress?Iftothepublicopinion,publicopinionconstitutesthemajority;iftothelegislature,itrepresentsthemajorityandimplicitlyobeysitsinjunctions;iftotheexecutivepower,itisappointedbythemajorityandremainsapassivetoolinitshands;thepublictroopsconsistofthemajorityunderarms;thejuryisthemajorityinvestedwiththerightofhearingjudicialcases,andincertainstateseventhejudgesareelectedbythemajority.Howeveriniquitousorabsurdtheevilcomplainedabout,nosurebarrierisestablishedtodefendagainstit.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

2.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

3.Theauthor’streatmentofthetopicofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（）.

4.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheTyrannyoftheMajority

B.Democracy:TriumphofthePeople

C.AbusesofPower

D.TheFailureofDemocracyintheUnitedStates

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Democracyisnogreaterdefenseagainsttyrannythanismonarchyoraristocracy.

B.Minorityrulewouldprobablybemoreresponsivetotheneedsofallpeoplethanmajorityrule.

C.Torenderitselfimmunetothegermoftyranny,theUnitedStatesshouldstrengthenitspoliticalinstitutions.

D.Sinceonesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,itisfutiletoprovidechecksandbalancesingovernment.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ironic

B.neutral

C.logical

D.irreverent

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.challengingacommonlyheldbelief

B.contrastingtwoopposingviews

C.advocatingacourseofaction

D.reconcilinganapparentconflict

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“Ifitisadmittedthatamanpossessingabsolutepowermaymisusethatpowerbywronginghisadversaries,whyshouldamajoritynotbeliabletothesamereproach?”，如果承認(rèn)一個(gè)擁有絕對(duì)權(quán)力的人可能會(huì)濫用這種權(quán)力來冤枉他的對(duì)手，為什么大多數(shù)人在濫用他們權(quán)力的時(shí)候不會(huì)受到同樣的指責(zé)呢？此句為文章的中心句，體現(xiàn)了文章的中心思想。下文繼續(xù)提出我們不應(yīng)該把我們應(yīng)該拒絕給個(gè)人的絕對(duì)權(quán)力授予任何大多數(shù)派的人?？膳袛喑鲎罘衔恼碌闹黝}與大多數(shù)派相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句，“Whentherightandmeansofabsolutecommandareconferredonapeopleoraking,onanaristocracyorademocracy,amonarchyorarepublic,therehasbeenimplantedthegermoftyranny.”，當(dāng)絕對(duì)命令的權(quán)力授予一個(gè)民族或一個(gè)國(guó)王、一個(gè)貴族或一個(gè)民主、一個(gè)君主制或一個(gè)共和國(guó)時(shí)，就已經(jīng)埋下了專制的種子?？膳袛喑雒裰骱途髦苹蛸F族統(tǒng)治一樣，也可能導(dǎo)致專制統(tǒng)治，選項(xiàng)A符合文意。文章中并沒有提及少數(shù)人統(tǒng)治比多數(shù)人統(tǒng)治更令人滿意，并未將二者進(jìn)行比較，選項(xiàng)B不符合文意。根據(jù)第三段第一句，“ThemainevilofthepresentdemocraticinstitutionsoftheUnitedStatesdoesnotarise,asisoftenassertedinEurope,fromtheirweakness,butfromtheiroverpoweringstrength…”美國(guó)現(xiàn)行民主制度的主要弊端，并不像歐洲人常說的那樣，來自于它們的軟弱，而是來自于它們壓倒一切的力量?？膳袛喑鑫恼虏⑽刺峒懊绹?guó)需要加強(qiáng)政治制度來免受專制統(tǒng)治。選項(xiàng)C不符合文意。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，“Onesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,butlibertyisendangeredwhenthispowerischeckedbynoobstacleswhichmayretarditscourseandforceittomoderateitsownvehemence.”，一種社會(huì)力量必須始終凌駕于其他力量之上，但如果這種力量不受任何阻礙，而使其激烈程度得不到緩和，自由就會(huì)受到威脅?？膳袛喑鲭m然在社會(huì)中一種力量必須凌駕于其他力量之上，但是權(quán)力行使的激烈程度必須受到限制和阻礙，以免使自由受到威脅，所以權(quán)力制衡是有必要的。選項(xiàng)D不符合文意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“Ifitisadmittedthatamanpossessingabsolutepowermaymisusethatpowerbywronginghisadversaries,whyshouldamajoritynotbeliabletothesamereproach?”，如果承認(rèn)一個(gè)擁有絕對(duì)權(quán)力的人可能會(huì)濫用這種權(quán)力來冤枉他的對(duì)手，為什么大多數(shù)人在濫用他們權(quán)力的時(shí)候不會(huì)受到同樣的指責(zé)呢？此句為文章的中心句，體現(xiàn)了文章的中心思想。由個(gè)人權(quán)力推理到大多數(shù)派權(quán)力的行使，所以作者對(duì)話題的探討是具有邏輯性的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.主旨大意題。文章第一段提到一個(gè)擁有絕對(duì)權(quán)力的個(gè)人會(huì)濫用權(quán)力來冤枉對(duì)手，那么擁有權(quán)力的大多數(shù)人在濫用權(quán)力時(shí)也應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。文章第二段繼續(xù)指出當(dāng)絕對(duì)命令的權(quán)力授予給一個(gè)民族或一個(gè)國(guó)王、一個(gè)貴族或一個(gè)民主、一個(gè)君主制或一個(gè)共和國(guó)時(shí)，就已經(jīng)埋下了專制的種子?？膳袛喑鰝€(gè)人或大多數(shù)派統(tǒng)治對(duì)專制的防御都不會(huì)更好，對(duì)應(yīng)文中提及的美國(guó)民主政治中存在的現(xiàn)象，所以作者在本文中在挑戰(zhàn)一個(gè)普遍的信念。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

WheneverIhearaweatherreportdeclaringit’sthehottestJune10onrecordorwhatever,Ican’ttakeittooseriously,because“ever”reallymeans“aslongastherecordsgohack”,whichisonlyasfarasthelate1800s.Scientistshaveotherwaysofmeasuringtemperaturesbeforethat,though—notforindividualdates,buttheycantelltheaveragetemperatureofagivenyearbysuchproxymeasurementsasgrowthmarksincorals,depositsinoceanandlakesediments,andcoresdrilledintoglacialice.Theycanevenusedrawingsofglaciersastherewerehundredsofyearsagocomparedwithtoday.

Andinthemostcomprehensivecompilationofsuchdatatodate,saysanewreportfromtheNationalResearchCouncil,itlooksprettycertainthatthelastfewdecadeshavebeenhotterthananycomparableperiodinthelast400years.That’sablowtothosewhoclaimthecurrentwarmspellisjustpartofthenaturalupanddownofaveragetemperatures—afrequentassertionoftheglobal-warming-doubterscrowd.

Thereportwastriggeredbydoubtsaboutpast-climateclaimsmadelastyearbyclimatologistMichaelMann,oftheUniversityofVirginia(he’sthecreatorofthe“hockeystick”graphA1Goreusedin“AnInconvenientTruth”todramatizetheriseincarbondioxideinrecentyears).Mannclaimedthattherecentwarmingwasunprecedentedinthepastthousandyears—thatledCongresstoorderupanassessmentbytheprestigiousResearchCouncil.Theirconclusionwasthatathousandyearswasreasonable,butnotoverwhelminglysupportedbythedata.Butthepast400was—soresoundinglythatitfullysupportstheclaimthattoday’stemperaturesareunnaturallywarm,justasglobalwarmingtheoryhasbeenpredictingforahundredyears.Andifthere’sanydoubtaboutwhethertheseproxymeasurementsarereallylegitimate,theNRCscientistscomparedthemwithactualtemperaturedatafromthemostrecentcentury,whenrealthermometerswereinwidespreaduse.Thematchwasmoreorlessrighton.

InthepastnearlytwodecadessinceTIMEfirstputglobalwarmingonthecover,then,theargumentagainstithasgonefrom“itisn’thappening”to“it’shappening,butit’snatural”,to“it’smostlynatural”—andnow,itseems,thatassertiontooisgoingtohavetodropaway.Indeed,Rep.SherwoodBoehlert,theNewYorkRepublicanwhochairstheHouseScienceCommitteeandwhoaskedforthereportdeclaredthatitdidnothingtosupportthenotionofacontroversyoverglobalwarmingscience—acontroversythatopponentskeepinsistingisalive.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydealwith?

2.Whatis“proxymeasurement”inParagraph1likelytoreferto?

3.WhatdoesthereportfromNRCindicate?

4.WhichofthestatementisNOTtrueconcerningthecontroversyaboutglobalwarming?

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsglobalwarmingtheory?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thethreatofglobalwarming.

B.Themeasurementofsolvingglobalwarming.

C.Thetendencyofearth’sbecominghotter.

D.Theassessmentofearth’stemperature.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Takingadvantageofpreviouspictures.

B.Usingcluesleftfromthepast.

C.Studyingthecharacteristicsofglaciers.

D.Measuringthegrowthsignsofaquaticorganism.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theearthreachesthehighesttemperatureinthehistory.

B.Theproxymeasurementsarereliable.

C.Theearthwillbecomewarmer.

D.ItissomewhatsuspiciousofMichaelMann’sassertion.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thosesuspiciousofglobalwarmingtakeaninconsistentstanceontheissue.

B.Theargumentendsinthedefeatofglobal-warming-doubters.

C.ThenewreportfromNRCismotivatedbythecontroversyoverMichaelMann’sclaim.

D.Thosewhodoubtglobalwarmingconsiderthatwarmingisanaturalphenomenon.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Favorable.

B.Neutral.

C.Negative.

D.Indifferent.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出天氣預(yù)報(bào)中說氣溫打破最高記錄，第二段提出地球變暖的觀點(diǎn)，第三段講述NRC得出氣溫達(dá)到近400年來最高，第四段講大眾和科學(xué)家對(duì)此的爭(zhēng)論，全文都在談?wù)摰厍驓鉁卦絹碓礁?，C選項(xiàng)“全球變暖的趨勢(shì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“全球變暖的威脅”：文中沒有提到。B選項(xiàng)“解決全球變暖的方法”和D選項(xiàng)“地球溫度的評(píng)估”：只是文章部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。proxymeasurement的意思是“替代性考核”。根據(jù)第一段第二句buttheycantelltheaveragetemperatureofagivenyearbysuchproxymeasurementsasgrowthmarksincorals,depositsinoceanandlakesediments,andcoresdrilledintoglacialice.（但他們可以通過珊瑚的生長(zhǎng)標(biāo)記、海洋和湖泊的沉積物以及冰川核等替代性考核來推測(cè)出年平均溫度。），可知這里的替代性考核采用的方法是借助地球上隨時(shí)間推移遺留下來的痕跡，B選項(xiàng)“使用過去留下的線索”正確，A選項(xiàng)“利用記錄以前情況的照片”，C選項(xiàng)“研究冰川的特征”和D選項(xiàng)“測(cè)量水生生物的生長(zhǎng)跡象”只是其中一方面的具體內(nèi)容，不足以概括總體方法。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句Theirconclusionwasthatathousandyearswasreasonable,butnotoverwhelminglysupportedbythedata.（他們的結(jié)論是，一千年的界定有一定道理，但數(shù)據(jù)支持不夠有力。），可知NRC部分同意MichaelMann的觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)又有所懷疑，D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)邁克爾?曼的主張有些懷疑”正確。A選項(xiàng)“地球的溫度達(dá)到了史上最高”：根據(jù)第三段第四句itfullysupportstheclaimthattoday’stemperaturesareunnaturallywarm（完全支持如今的溫度不正常的觀點(diǎn)），可知沒有提到地球的溫度達(dá)到了史上最高。B選項(xiàng)“替代性考核的方法很可靠”和C選項(xiàng)“地球會(huì)變暖”：文中沒有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句itdidnothingtosupportthenotionofacontroversyoverglobalwarmingscience—acontroversythatopponentskeepinsistingisalive.（它不支持關(guān)于全球變暖科學(xué)的爭(zhēng)論——反對(duì)者堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為這一爭(zhēng)論仍然存在。），可知這份新報(bào)告沒有偏向任何一方，爭(zhēng)論仍然存在，B選項(xiàng)“這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論以全球變暖懷疑論者落敗而告終”不符合文章內(nèi)容，為正確答案。根據(jù)第四段第一句then,theargumentagainstithasgonefrom“itisn’thappening”to“it’shappening,butit’snatural”,to“it’smostlynatural”—andnow,itseems,thatassertiontooisgoingtohavetodropaway.（然后，反對(duì)它的論點(diǎn)從“它沒有發(fā)生”到“它正在發(fā)生，但這是自然的”，再到“這基本上是自然的”——現(xiàn)在看來，這種斷言也將不得不放棄。），可知對(duì)于全球變暖的這個(gè)話題的觀點(diǎn)一直在變化，A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)全球變暖的不贊同態(tài)度前后矛盾”符合文章內(nèi)容。根據(jù)第三段第一句Thereportwastriggeredbydoubtsaboutpast-climateclaimsmadelastyearbyclimatologistMichaelMann（這份報(bào)告是由弗吉尼亞大學(xué)的氣候?qū)W家MichaelMann去年提出的關(guān)于過去氣候變化的質(zhì)疑引發(fā)的。），可知對(duì)MichaelMann觀點(diǎn)的質(zhì)疑促使NRC做這份報(bào)告，C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)MichaelMann斷言的爭(zhēng)議讓NRC做這份新報(bào)告”符合文章內(nèi)容。根據(jù)第二段第二句That’sablowtothosewhoclaimthecurrentwarmspellisjustpartofthenaturalupanddownofaveragetemperatures—afrequentassertionoftheglobal-warming-doubterscrowd.（對(duì)于那些聲稱目前的暖期只是平均氣溫自然變化的一部分的人來說，這是一個(gè)打擊——全球變暖懷疑論者經(jīng)常這樣斷言。），可知不贊同全球變暖的人認(rèn)為地球平均氣溫變化是自然的，D選項(xiàng)“那些不贊同全球變暖的人認(rèn)為變暖是一種自然現(xiàn)象”符合文章內(nèi)容。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段第一句then,theargumentagainstithasgonefrom“itisn’thappening”to“it’shappening,butit’snatural,”to“it’smostlynatural”—andnow,itseems,thatassertiontooisgoingtohavetodropaway.（然后，反對(duì)它的論點(diǎn)從“它沒有發(fā)生”到“它正在發(fā)生，但這是自然的”，再到“這基本上是自然的”——現(xiàn)在看來，這種斷言也將不得不放棄。），可知作者不認(rèn)同地球變暖是自然現(xiàn)象的觀點(diǎn)，贊同地球變暖的理論，A選項(xiàng)“贊同”正確；B選項(xiàng)“中立”，C選項(xiàng)“否定”和D選項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftherenewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.ScholarsandartistsofthisperiodwantedtorestorethelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohuman.Fulfillmentinlifebecameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.Artistsandwritersnowturnedtoreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.

ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiodhowpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposedandexperienced.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebeingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusicalthoughtheycouldreadthewritingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandliterature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountriesthatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

21.Whatdoestheauthormeanbyusingtheunderlinedword“eventually”inPara.1?

22.Theunderlinedphrase“frownedon”inPara.1isclosestinmeaningto____.

23.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof____.

24.Accordingtothepassage,whywasBernardinoCirillodisappointedwiththemusicofhistime?

25.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenaissancemusicalstyle?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”aftertheotherhistoriansdid.

B.Thatmostmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”.

C.Theterm“Renaissance”becamewidelyusedbyarthistoriansbutnotbymusichistorians.

D.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”verydifferentlythanithadbeenusedbyJulesMichelet.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.givenup

B.forgottenabout

C.arguedabout

D.disapprovedof

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itwasnotcomplexenoughtoappealtomusicians.

B.Ithadlittleemotionalimpactonaudiences.

C.Itwastoodependentontheartandliteratureofhistime.

D.Itdidnotcontainenoughreligiousthemes.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle.

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle.

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians.

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】21.推理判斷題。題干定位到文章的第二句話Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,“1855年，歷史學(xué)家朱爾斯?米歇萊在他的《法國(guó)歷史》中首次使用了這個(gè)詞，隨后被文化史學(xué)家、藝術(shù)史學(xué)家甚至音樂史學(xué)家采用”從句子里面的表示時(shí)間邏輯的詞first、then我們可以推測(cè)eventually是表示時(shí)間順序，所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“音樂歷史學(xué)家在其他歷史學(xué)家之后使用了‘文藝復(fù)興’這個(gè)詞”。

B選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)音樂歷史學(xué)家使用‘文藝復(fù)興’這個(gè)詞”，文章沒有提及有多少音樂歷史學(xué)家在使用這個(gè)單詞，屬于無中生有。

C選項(xiàng)“‘文藝復(fù)興’一詞被藝術(shù)史學(xué)家廣泛使用，而不是音樂史學(xué)家”，文章沒有提及文藝復(fù)興這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)沒有流行于音樂歷史學(xué)家，屬于無中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“音樂歷史學(xué)家使用的‘文藝復(fù)興’一詞與朱爾斯?米歇萊使用的非常不同”，文章沒有提及“文藝復(fù)興”這個(gè)詞的詞義變遷，屬于無中生有。

22.詞義推斷題，第一步，句中前后信息銜接，定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第二三句Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohuman.Fulfillmentinlifebecameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.“在生活中的滿足成為一個(gè)理想的目標(biāo)，并且表達(dá)整個(gè)人類的情感和享受感官的樂趣不再（）”，從這里可知，文意復(fù)興就是回到以人為中心的理念上來，這句中and連接兩個(gè)并列的句子，這兩個(gè)句子都是用來說明文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期出現(xiàn)的變化。第二步，上下文語(yǔ)義銜接，從第一段倒數(shù)第一句話Artistsandwritersnowturnedtoreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.“藝術(shù)家和作家現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)向宗教題材，試圖使他們的作品易于理解和吸引人”，從這里可以文意復(fù)興時(shí)期藝術(shù)家從宗教回歸到人本身，他們不但不排斥人的情緒反而推崇情緒并想盡辦法讓他們的作品更加動(dòng)人，綜上可知frownedon的意思是D選項(xiàng)“反對(duì)”，句意是“他們不再反對(duì)人類的情緒以及感官上的享受”。

A選項(xiàng)“放棄”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

B選項(xiàng)“忘記了”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

C選項(xiàng)“爭(zhēng)論”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

23.詞義推斷題。定位到文章倒數(shù)第三四句話ScholarsandartistsofthisperiodwantedtorestorethelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohuman.“這一時(shí)期的學(xué)者和藝術(shù)家想要恢復(fù)希臘和羅馬古典文明的學(xué)問和理想。對(duì)這些學(xué)者來說，這意味著回歸人類?！睆倪@里可知那些學(xué)者的想法是讓古希臘羅馬的價(jià)值觀重生也就是回到以人為本的觀念中來，這里與人有關(guān)的選項(xiàng)只有C選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)人類價(jià)值的文化”。

A選項(xiàng)“歐洲藝術(shù)家之間的交流”，與題無關(guān)，歐洲的交流在文藝復(fù)興前期就出現(xiàn)了否則文意復(fù)興的思想不會(huì)傳播的那么快。

B選項(xiàng)“日常生活中的靈性”，定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Fulfillmentinlifebecameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.“在生活中的滿足成為一個(gè)理想的目標(biāo)，并且表達(dá)整個(gè)人類的情感和享受感官的樂趣不再被反對(duì)”，從這里可知重生不是指的人的精神而是指的人感官上的享受，這里屬于張冠李戴。

D選項(xiàng)“與傳統(tǒng)世俗主題相伴的藝術(shù)中的宗教主題”，定位到第一段倒數(shù)第一句話Artistsandwritersnowturnedtoreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.“藝術(shù)家和作家現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)向宗教題材，試圖使他們的作品易于理解和吸引人”，由此可知D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，不是宗教事務(wù)伴隨著傳統(tǒng)的世俗事務(wù)，而是從宗教事務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)向傳統(tǒng)世俗事務(wù)，這里屬于偷換概念。

24.詞義推斷題。定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二三句Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirillo…“他們了解了古代音樂打動(dòng)聽者的力量，并想知道為什么現(xiàn)代音樂沒有同樣的效果。例如，有影響力的宗教領(lǐng)袖貝納迪諾?西里洛……”，從這里可知引出西里洛不滿的目的只是為了舉例，說明古代音樂打動(dòng)聽者但是現(xiàn)在音樂就沒有這種效果了，西里洛非常不滿，希望音樂也能像雕塑、戲劇一樣對(duì)古代文化進(jìn)行重新發(fā)掘，所以B選項(xiàng)“它對(duì)觀眾的情感影響很小”正確。

A選項(xiàng)“它不夠復(fù)雜，不足以吸引音樂家”，見正確選項(xiàng)，從這里可知不滿是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在音樂打動(dòng)不了聽者而不是音樂家，所以A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，這里屬于張冠李戴。

C選項(xiàng)“它太依賴于他那個(gè)時(shí)代的藝術(shù)和文學(xué)”，文章沒有提及。

D選項(xiàng)“它沒有包含足夠的宗教主題”，定位到第一段倒數(shù)第一句話Artistsandwritersnowturnedtoreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.“藝術(shù)家和作家現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)向宗教題材，試圖使他們的作品易于理解和吸引人”，從中可知文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的藝術(shù)家都是從宗教事務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)向世俗事務(wù)，所以作為一個(gè)文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的藝術(shù)家不會(huì)因?yàn)樽诮坛煞诌^少而感到不滿所以D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

25.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到文章最后一段第二句話Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountriesthatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.“此外，音樂在這一個(gè)半世紀(jì)中變化如此之快——盡管在不同的國(guó)家變化速度不同，以至于我們無法定義一種單一的文藝復(fù)興風(fēng)格”，從這里可知答案選D選項(xiàng)“在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，音樂從不是一成不變的”。

B選項(xiàng)“音樂文藝復(fù)興的時(shí)間太短，不足以產(chǎn)生一種新的音樂風(fēng)格”，見正確選項(xiàng)解析，不是文藝復(fù)興時(shí)間段太短了導(dǎo)致沒有音樂風(fēng)格而是文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期出現(xiàn)的音樂風(fēng)格太多導(dǎo)致無法給他們下一個(gè)明確的定義，這里屬于偷換概念。

A選項(xiàng)“音樂文藝復(fù)興的定義是技術(shù)而不是風(fēng)格”定位到最后一段第一句話ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.“歐洲的音樂文藝復(fù)興與其說是一套特定的音樂技巧，不如說是一種普遍的文化運(yùn)動(dòng)和心理狀態(tài)”，這里雖然表述正確，但是與題無關(guān)所以不選，屬于出處錯(cuò)誤。

C選項(xiàng)“文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的音樂家