考研考博-英語-上海城建職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海城建職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Susanisveryhardworking,butherpayisnot（）forherwork.

問題1選項

A.enoughgood

B.goodenough

C.asgoodenough

D.goodasenough

【答案】B

【解析】句意:盡管蘇珊工作非常努力，但是她的薪水相對于她的工作而言卻不夠好。

考查固定搭配。由enough修飾形容詞時一般需要放在形容詞后面且不能與as結(jié)構(gòu)連用。

2.單選題

Youcannotbe（

）carefulwhenyoudriveacar.

問題1選項

A.very

B.so

C.too

D.enough

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。cannottoo…“再...也不為過”。句意：開車時你再怎么小心也不為過。答案C

3.單選題

Thefactis,doctor.Ijustcannot（）thisdreadfulcough.

問題1選項

A.getoutof

B.getridof

C.getdownto

D.getroundto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組詞義辨析。A選項getoutof“逃避；避免”；B選項getridof“擺脫，除去”；C選項getdownto“開始認真考慮；著手處理”；D選項getroundto“抽出時間來做；開始考慮”。句意：事實是，醫(yī)生。我就是不能……這可怕的咳嗽。根據(jù)句意，可知是不能擺脫可怕的咳嗽。因此答案為B選項。

4.單選題

Heisoneofthemostactive（）intheextracurricularactivitiesofthestudents’union.

問題1選項

A.inhabitants

B.descendants

C.participants

D.tenants

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項inhabitant“居民；居住者”；B選項descendant“后裔；子孫”；C選項participant“參與者”；D選項tenant“承租人；房客；佃戶”。句意：他是學(xué)生會課外活動最積極的參與者之一。結(jié)合句意，判斷出選項C正確。

5.翻譯題

Modemsciencehasopenedupthepathfortheprogressofproductiontechniquesanddeterminedthedirectionoftheirdevelopment.Manynewinstrumentsofproductionandtechnologicalprocessesfirstseethelightofdayinthescientificlaboratories.Aseriesofnewbornindustrieshavebeenfoundedonthebasisofnewly-emergeddisciplinesofscienceandtechnology.Ofcoursethereareandtherewillbemanytheoreticalresearchtopicswithnopracticalapplicationinplainsightforthetimebeing.Howeverahostofhistoricalfactshaveprovedthatonceamajorbreakthroughisscoredintheoreticalresearch,itmeanstremendousprogressforproductionandtechnologysoonerorlater.

Contemporarynaturalsciencesarebeingappliedtoproductiononanunprecedentedscaleandatahigherspeedthaneverbefore.Thishasgivenallfieldsofmaterialproductionanentirelynewlook.Inparticularthedevelopmentofelectroniccomputersandautomationtechnologyisraisingthedegreeofautomationinproduction.Withthesameamountofmanpowerandinthesamenumberofwork-hours,peoplecanturnoutscoresorhundredsoftimesmoreproductsthanbefore.Howisitthatthesocialproductiveforceshavemadesuchtremendousadvancesandhowisitthatlaborproductivityhasincreasedbysuchabigmargin?Mainlythroughthepowerofscience,thepoweroftechnology.Therefore,wemaintainthatthedevelopmentofmodemscienceandtechnologyhaslinkedscienceandproductionevenclosertogether.Aspartoftheproductiveforces,scienceandtechnologyarecomingtoplayanevengreaterrolethaneverbefore.

【答案】現(xiàn)化科學(xué)為生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的進步開辟了道路，并且確定了生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向。許多新的生產(chǎn)工具、和新的工藝流程，首先在科學(xué)實驗室里問世。一系列新興的產(chǎn)業(yè)，都是建立在新興的各類科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)科基礎(chǔ)上的。當然，目前和將來也會有許多理論的研究主題很顯然暫時沒有實際價值。但是，大量的歷史事實已經(jīng)說明：理論研究一旦獲得重大突破，遲早會給生產(chǎn)和技術(shù)帶來極其巨大的進步。

當代自然科學(xué)正以空前的規(guī)模和速度應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)，使社會物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)的各個領(lǐng)域面貌一新。特別是電子計算機和自動化技術(shù)的發(fā)展正在迅速提高生產(chǎn)自動化的程度。在相同數(shù)量的人力和工作時間的情況下，人們可以生產(chǎn)出比以前多幾十倍或幾百倍的產(chǎn)品。社會生產(chǎn)力是如何取得這樣巨大的進展呢？勞動生產(chǎn)率怎么會提高這么大呢？這主要是科技的力量。因此，我們認為現(xiàn)化科技的發(fā)展己經(jīng)將科學(xué)和生產(chǎn)更為緊密的聯(lián)系在一起了。作為生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的一部分，科技正發(fā)揮著比以往任何時候都更大的作用。

6.單選題

M:Sinceyoudon'tlikeyourboss,whyareyoustillhangingaroundwithhim?

W:I’mnot.Iamgoingtostopfoolingaroundandquit.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

問題1選項

A.Shewillresign.

B.Shewillstopherbosshangingaround.

C.Shewillfiretheman.

D.Shecannotbutstaywiththeboss.

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)女士的話“我不再會這樣無所事事下去，我打算辭職?！盇選項的resign和題目的quit是一個意思，正確。

7.單選題

Manyscientistsremainskepticalaboutthevalueofthisresearchprogram.

問題1選項

A.conscious

B.doubtful

C.novelty

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項conscious“意識到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；B選項doubtful“可疑的；令人生疑的；疑心的；不能確定的”；C選項novelty“新奇；新奇的事物；新穎小巧而廉價的物品”；D選項obscure“昏暗的，朦朧的；晦澀的，不清楚的；隱蔽的；不著名的，無名的”。句意：許多科學(xué)家對這個研究項目的價值仍持懷疑態(tài)度。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞skeptical“懷疑的”，得知B選項正確。

8.單選題

Mothersandmatchmakershavealwaysknownthatnotbeingmoniedisadefinitehealthhazard.ButwhenateamofresearchfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,reportedafewweeksagothatmiddle-agedmenwithoutwiveswereactuallytwiceaslikelytodieduringa10-yearspanasmenwithwives,theespousedandthespouselessalikestoppedtotakenotice.Itwasthekindofnewsthatsweptthroughofficesandwateringholes—anditmadepeoplefeelsmugandanxious,dependingontheircircumstances.Nowtheresearcherswhoconductedthestudyaretryingtofindoutwhataccountedforthedramaticdifferencesinsurvivalrates.

Theinvestigators,headedbyUCSFassociateprofessorofepidemiologyandbiostatisticsMaradeeA.Davis,hadsetcuttoexaminetheeffectofvariouslivingarrangementsonmortality.Becauseofthebutteringsocialsupportmarriageisknowntoprovide.Davisandhercolleaguesfullyexpectedtofindthatmenandwomendwellingalonefaredworstinsurvivalrates.Itcameassomesurprise,however,thatintheirstudypopulation,subjectswhosharedlivingquarterswithpeopleotherthanaspousehadthesamelowersurvivalratesasthosewholivedbythemselves."Thecriticalfactor,"Davissays,"seemstobethepresenceofaspouse."

Thelowersurvivalratesforthespouselesswerefoundprimarilyinmenwhowerewidowed,separatedordivorced,ratherthaninthosewhohadneverbeenmarried.Davisandhercolleagueshavealreadyeliminatedcertainhealthfactorsascausesofhighermortalitybyadjustingtheirdatatodiscounttheeffectsofsmoking,alcoholconsumption,obesityandlackofexercise.Nowtheywilllookmorecloselyatavarietyofotherconsiderations,suchasbloodpressure,cholestericlevelsandchronicillnesses.

Whilemanymiddle-agedmennowknowthedifferencebetweenacheesegraterandagarlicpress,nutritionmaystillaccountforsomeoftheCaliforniastudy'sfindings.PreviousresearchbyDavis'teamshowedthatunmarriedman-eveniftheylivedwithotherpeople—atelesshealthydietsthanmarriedme.'Traditionalsexroleshavemeantthatmenaren'taswellinformedaswomenaboutnutritionalshoppingandfoodpreparation,"saysDavis.

Emotionalandsocialfactorsprobablyalsoplayedaroleinhighermortalityamongthespouselessmen.TheSanFranciscoresearcherswillexaminearandomlyselectedsubgroupoftheirstudypopulationformoredetailedmedicaldata,andthey'lllookatatraittheycall“generalwell-being.”Thisfocusesonsubjectivelyreportedfeelingsandmoods,ratherthanspecificpsychologicalsymptoms.Theresearcherswillanalyzequestionnairesthataskedhowfrequentlythemenfeltworried,nervousorpoorlyrested.Buttheteamwillalsolookatthecausesofdeath;ifthemenwithoutwivesshowhigherratesofsuicideorfatalaccidents,it'slikelythatemotionalstresscontributedtotheirhighermortalityrate.

Davishasalreadydiscoveredthatthemarriedmenreportedasignificantlyhigherlevelofwell-beingthanthosewhoweren'tmarried.Soperhapstheexplanationfortheirlongersurvivalisn'treallysocomplicated.Becausetheyarecaredforbynurturingwives,theyjustplainlyfeelhappierthantheotherguysdo.Andwhatbetterreasonistherethanthatforstayingalive?

1.Whenresearchersreportedthatmiddle-agedmenwithoutwivesweretwiceaslikelytodieduringa10-yearspanasmenwithwives（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,aman（）waslikelytohavethelowestsurvivalrates.

3.Theword"discount"(line4ofparagraph3)mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Theword"this"inline4ofparagraph5refersto（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.peoplefeltbothpleasedandworried

B.peoplefeltsoshockedthattheytoldoneanotheraboutthenews

C.peoplefeltthattheoldsaying"Nonewsisgoodnews"isreallytrue

D.peopleunderdifferentcircumstancesreacteddifferentlytoit

問題2選項

A.whowaswidowed,separatedordivorced

B.whohadneverbeenmarried

C.whowaslivingwithhiswife

D.whosharedlivingquarterswithpeople

問題3選項

A.overlook

B.understate

C.discontent

D.overstate

問題4選項

A.highermortality

B.arandomlyselectedsubgroup

C.atrait

D.moredetailedmedicaldata

問題5選項

A.ForaLongerLife,TakeaWife.

B.ANewSurveyonSurvivalRates.

C.TheEspousedandtheSpouseless.

D.LivingArrangementsandMortality

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Itwasthekindofnewsthatsweptthroughofficesandwateringholes—anditmadepeoplefeelsmugandanxious,dependingontheircircumstances.”這類新聞席卷了辦公室和酒吧,人們既高興又焦慮,當然這取決于他們所處的環(huán)境。選項D符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Thelowersurvivalratesforthespouselesswerefoundprimarilyinmenwhowerewidowed,separatedordivorced,ratherthaninthosewhohadneverbeenmarried.”無配偶者的存活率較低,主要是喪偶、分居或離婚的男性,而非從未結(jié)過婚的男性。所以選項A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)原文句意：Davis和她的同事們已經(jīng)通過調(diào)整他們的數(shù)據(jù),排除了某些健康因素作為高死亡率的原因,對吸煙、飲酒、肥胖和缺乏鍛煉等影響忽略不計。由此可推斷,選項A與“discount”意思相近。

4.根據(jù)原文句意：他們將研究一種他們稱之為“總體幸福感”的特征。這個特征是主觀產(chǎn)生的感覺和情緒,而不是具體的心理癥狀。由此可知,“this”指代是上句提到的“trait”。選項C正確。

5.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文首先介紹了婚姻狀況與死亡率密切相關(guān),通過進一步調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)死亡率與其他生活方式也有關(guān)聯(lián),由此可知,選項D最能概括全文。

9.單選題

HiscriticisminjuredJenny’s（）.Sosheisfeelingsadnow.

問題1選項

A.divinity

B.indignity

C.ego

D.mind

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。divinity“神圣，神性”；indignity“侮辱，輕蔑”；ego“自尊心，自我意識”；mind“精神，理智，決心”。句意：他的批評傷害了Jenny的自尊心。所以她現(xiàn)在非常傷心。選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

Icutmyfingertwodaysagoandithasbecomebadly______.

問題1選項

A.infected

B.decayed

C.deteriorated

D.diseased

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項infected“受感染的，受細菌污染的”，B項decayed“腐爛的，腐敗的”，C項deteriorated“惡化的，已變質(zhì)的”，D項diseased“不健全的，患病的”。根據(jù)前面的句子Icutmyfingertwodaysago“兩天以前我切到了手指”可知，空格部分表示“感染”符合語境。句意：我兩天前割破了手指，現(xiàn)在感染得很嚴重。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

11.單選題

Maggietiptoedoverandtooktheclockawaybecauseshehatedtohearit（）whenshewastryingtogotosleep.

問題1選項

A.sounding

B.humming

C.ticking

D.ringing

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:sound“作聲，發(fā)聲，響”；B:hum“發(fā)連續(xù)低沉的聲音（如蜜蜂、馬達的嗡嗡聲）”；C:tick“發(fā)出滴答聲”；D:ring“鳴，發(fā)出清脆響亮的聲音”。句意：麥琪躡手躡腳走過來把鐘拿走了，因為她討厭在自己想睡覺的時候聽它滴答地響。結(jié)合此處語境，修飾的是鬧鐘聲，故C為正確答案。

12.不定項選擇題

Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.

Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,or―independentlyofanycourse―simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.

Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocompriseincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.

Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.

1.Accordingtothepassage,scientificsubculturemeans____.

2.Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause____.

3.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho____.

4.Accordingtothispassage,____.

5.Thispassagemostprobablyis____.

問題1選項

A.culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientists

B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited

C.thescientificcommunity

D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience

問題2選項

A.itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientists

B.scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife

C.scientistsliveinaspecificsubculture

D.itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience

問題3選項

A.areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscience

B.aregoodatproducingvariousgadgets

C.workinastorehouseofdriedfacts

D.wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscience

問題4選項

A.Englishisasexistlanguage

B.onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidly

C.womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguage

D.malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientists

問題5選項

A.abookreview

B.theprefaceofabook

C.thepostscriptofabook

D.theconcludingpartofabook

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,scientificsubculturemeans____.根據(jù)文章，科學(xué)亞文化意味著______。

A.culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientistsA.由科學(xué)家組成的文化團體

B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimitedB.那些科學(xué)知識非常有限的人

C.thescientificcommunityC.科學(xué)社區(qū)

D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscienceD.對科學(xué)有貢獻的人

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞scientificsubculture可定位到Para.1第三句，該處講到“亞文化（subculture）是科學(xué)家生活的地方”。可以推斷科學(xué)亞文化就是一個社區(qū)。故C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“由科學(xué)家組成的文化團體”，屬于無中生有；

B選項“那些科學(xué)知識非常有限的人”屬于無中生有；

D選項“對科學(xué)有貢獻的人”屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause____.我們需要了解科學(xué)的結(jié)構(gòu)和運作，因為____。

A.itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientistsA.要理解那些使科學(xué)家激動和沮喪的事情是不容易的

B.scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife.B.科學(xué)影響著我們生活的方方面面

C.scientistsliveinaspecificsubcultureC.科學(xué)家生活在一個特定的亞文化中

D.itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceD.這樣更容易理解科學(xué)的一般特征

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞scienceaffectsaspectofourlife可定位到Para.1第二句，該處講到“由于它幾乎涉及我們生活的方方面面，受過教育的人至少需要對它的結(jié)構(gòu)和運作有所了解。（Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife）”。這里的it指代上一句中的science，即科學(xué)涉及到方方面面。比對選項，B選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“要理解那些使科學(xué)家激動和沮喪的事情是不容易的”，文中提到如果一個人知道那些使科學(xué)家激動不已和灰心喪氣的東西，就比較容易理解科學(xué)的一般特征以及具體的科學(xué)概念。該選項偷換概念;

C選項“科學(xué)家生活在一個特定的亞文化中”，屬于無中生有；

D選項“這樣更容易理解科學(xué)的一般特征”，文中講到如果一個人知道那些使科學(xué)家激動不已和灰心喪氣的東西，才會比較容易理解科學(xué)的一般特征。這里屬于張冠李戴。

3.【選項釋義】

Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho____.這篇文章中提到的書是為那些____的讀者。

A.areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscienceA.聰明的大學(xué)生和不懂科學(xué)的外行

B.aregoodatproducingvariousgadgetsB.擅長生產(chǎn)各種小玩意（的人）

C.workinastorehouseofdriedfactsC.在干巴巴的事實倉庫里工作（的人）

D.wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscienceD.想要對科學(xué)有一個膚淺的理解（的人）

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.2第一句，該處明確表示這本書是為那些對科學(xué)了解膚淺的聰明的學(xué)生或外行而寫的（fortheintelligentstudentorlayperson）。比對選項，A選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“擅長生產(chǎn)各種小玩意（的人）”，屬于無中生有；

C選項“在干巴巴的事實倉庫里工作（的人）”，屬于無中生有；

D選項“想要對科學(xué)有一個膚淺的理解（的人）”，文中說到的是學(xué)生和外行而寫，他們對科學(xué)的認識膚淺。而不是想要對科學(xué)有膚淺認識的人寫。這里屬于偷換概念。

4.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothispassage,____.根據(jù)文章，____。

A.EnglishisasexistlanguageA.英語是一種隱含性別歧視的語言

B.onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidlyB.只有在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，女性的作用才迅速增加

C.womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguageC.婦女正在為消除我們語言的不足作出重大貢獻

D.malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientistsD.男性名詞或代詞不應(yīng)該用來指代科學(xué)家

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】Para.3中可知我們用男性的名詞代指未指明的人（usesmalenounsorpronouns），為了消除這種歧視，我們采取了措施。也就是說我們不應(yīng)該用男性名詞或代詞指未指明的人，其中也包含科學(xué)家。比對選項，D選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“英語是一種隱含性別歧視的語言”，文中只是說隨著越來越多的婦女進入傳統(tǒng)上由男子主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域并做出重大貢獻，這一人口已成為社會各階層中明顯趨勢的一部分。然而，在討論這些變化和貢獻時，我們面對的是一種隱含性別歧視的語言。A選項過度推斷；

B選項“只有在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，女性的作用才迅速增加”，文中提到越來越多的女性進入科學(xué)領(lǐng)域。B選項屬于無中生有；

C選項“婦女正在為消除我們語言的不足作出重大貢獻”，文中提到越來越多的婦女進入傳統(tǒng)上由男子主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域并作出重大貢獻。并沒說在消除語言不足方面。C選項無中生有。

5.【選項釋義】

Thispassagemostprobablyis____.這一段很可能是____。

A.abookreviewA.一個書評

B.theprefaceofabookB.一本書的序言

C.thepostscriptofabookC.一本書的附言

D.theconcludingpartofabookD.書的結(jié)尾部分

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)Para.2“這本書是為……而寫”（Thisbookiswrittenfor）以及最后一段“我們還努力使這本書既有娛樂性又有知識性（triedtomakethebookentertaining）”可知這篇文章是一個序言。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“一個書評”，如果是書評的話會寫書的好處或者壞處；

C選項“一本書的附言”，如果是附言，則會進行補充說明；

D選項“書的結(jié)尾部分”，書的結(jié)尾應(yīng)該會對整本書進行一個結(jié)論說明。

A、C、D均不正確。

13.單選題

“Youth”and“culture”havebeenarathermorefamiliarpairingwithinsociologythan“oldage”and“culture”.Youngpeople'sspendingonclothes,stereoequipmentandcosmeticsmeantthatthe"teenager"becameavitallyimportantconsumerofleisuregoodsandservices.Thesefeaturesofyoungpeoplesexperiences,alongwiththeirincreasingproportionwithinthetotalpopulation,inevitablycaughttheattentionofseveralinfluentialsociologistswhowentontodescribeandanalyzethephenomenonof“youthculture”.Inrecentdecades,thesituationhaschangedsomewhat.Withtheagingofthepopulation,itisolderpeoplewhorepresentanincasingproportionwithinthetotalpopulation,someofwhomenjoyrelativeaffluencewithhighlevelsofdisposableincome.Consequently,itisolderpeople,ratherthanyoungpeople,whoareincreasinglyregardedasimportantconsumersofleisuregoodsandservices.Severalsociologistshavebeguntoanalyzetheculturalimplicationsofpopulationaging.AndrewBlaikieinhisbookfirstaddressedthephenomenonof“grayculture”atlength.

BlaikiefocusesinparticularonthechangeinstylesofgrowingoldembodiedinnotionofthethirdAge.Thisisthestageofthelifecourseafterretirementfrompaidwork,whereactivity,leisureandpleasureareenjoyedbeforetheonsetofoldageproperbringssocialdependency,physicalinfirmitiesanddeath.Blailie'sbookisnotabouthowindividualswithanaccumulationofchronologicalyearsactuallyexperiencelaterlife,butisinsteadanexaminationofthechangingdiscoursesofgrowingoldastheseareexpressedinpopularculture.

Blailie'sanalysisissensitivetoissuesraisedbythereconstructionofoldageasa"leisureandpleasure"filledlifecoursestage,includingitsmeaningfulnesstothosewithoutthefinancialorotherresourcesnecessarytoenjoyit.Importantly,healsodiscusseswhattheculturalreconstructionofthepost-retirementphaseoflifecoursemeansforourunderstandingsandrepresentationsof"deepoldage"andbiologicalinevitabilityofdeath.

Forabooksoconcernedwiththeanalysesofvisualrepresentationsoflaterlife,therearefewactualillustrations.Thismustberegardedasaweakness.Moreoftenthannot,thereaderiswhollyreliantonBlaikie'sowndescriptionofvisualsourcesandhisinterpretationofhowtheserepresentlaterlife.Thereproductionofagreaternumberofcartoonsorphotographswouldhavegreatlyimprovedthepersuasivenessofhisanalysis.Nevertheless,thisisatimelybookwhichmakesanimportantcontributiontotheliteratureontheculturalreconstructionoflaterlife.

1.Accordingtothefirstsentenceofthearticle,youcanconcludethat（）.

2.WhatarethemaincontentsofBlaikie'sbook?

3.Whatcausedtheappearanceofthe"grayculture"phenomenon?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheThirdAgeinparagraph2istrue?

5.Thesignificanceoftheculturalreconstructionofoldagemainlyliesin（）.

問題1選項

A.youtharemorefamiliarwithsociologythanelderly

B.theelderlyaremorefamiliarwithsociologythanyouth

C.therearemoreresearchesonbehaviorsandlifestylesofyouththanthoseoftheelderlywithinsociology

D.therearemoreresearchesonbehaviorsandlifestylesoftheelderlythanyouthwithinsociology

問題2選項

A.Theproblemsraisedbytheagingofpopulation.

B.Thechangeinstylesofgrowingold.

C.Theconsumingtendencyoftheolderpeople.

D.Theanalysisofvisualdescriptionoflaterlife.

問題3選項

A.Anincreasingproportionofolderpeoplewithinthetotalpopulation.

B.Olderpeopleareregardedasimportantconsumersofleisuregoodsandservices.

C.Somesociologistshavebeguntostudytheculturalimplicationsofanagingpopulation.

D.Alloftheabove

問題4選項

A.Theelderlycan'tworkinthisstage.

B.Theelderly'slivesarefullofpleasureduringthewholestage.

C.Fortheelderly,dependingonsocietyanddeathareinevitablyfinally.

D.Theelderlyareafraidofdeathverymuch.

問題5選項

A.helpingoldpeopleinfinancialdifficultiestoenjoytheirlives

B.helpingtheelderlytocommunicatewithyoutheasily

C.helpingtheelderlytoimprovetheirlifestandards

D.helpingustounderstandtheeldersanddeath

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.第一段第一句的原意是：在社會學(xué)中,“青年”和“文化”是比“老年”和“文化”更為熟悉的一對。下文給出了原因,由于年輕人的特性和所占人口比重大,吸引了社會學(xué)家對“青年文化”現(xiàn)象進行了描述和分析。所以選項C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Blaikie'sbook”定位到第一段的最后一句“AndrewBlaikieinhisbookfirstaddressedthephenomenonof“grayculture”atlength.”而這種“灰色文化”現(xiàn)象即下文提到的“BlaikiefocusesinparticularonthechangeinstylesofgrowingoldembodiedinnotionofthethirdAge.”所以,選項B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第一段后半部分內(nèi)容“Inrecentdecades,thesituationhaschanged...theculturalimplicationsofpopulationaging.”選項A,B,C都是“灰色文化”出現(xiàn)的原因,所以選項D正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Thisisthestage...bringssocialdependency,physicalinfirmitiesanddeath.”這是退休之后的人生階段,這個階段的人們在老年產(chǎn)生社會依賴,感到身體不適,甚至可能死亡之前,就可以享受到活動、休閑和娛樂。選項B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“...meansforourunderstandingsandrepresentationsof"deepoldage"andbiologicalinevitabilityofdeath.”意味著我們對“老年人”的理解和表達以及生物死亡的必然性。選項D符合原文。

14.翻譯題

1.Heresearchersalsoused“cloudcomputing”services,whichprovidelotsofcheapprocessingpower.AndtheywenttosocialnetworkslikeFacebookandLinkedln,wheremostuserspostrealnamesandphotosofthemselves.

2.Thenotionordenyinggaysthespousalrightsavailabletoothersmakeslittlesensetoagenerationthatseesmarriageatleastasmuchasaunionofsoul-matesasaformalstructureforchild-rearing.

3.不像在西方的政黨，中國共產(chǎn)黨，是開創(chuàng)性的黨，是全心全意致力于為人民服務(wù)的黨。然而，如果中國共產(chǎn)黨未能履行其承諾，也有可能侵蝕黨執(zhí)政的基石。

4.南寧華潤萬家城是目前廣西最大一站式購物中心，擁有PRADA、GUCCI、BURRERRY、ShiatzyChen、OMEGA、Cartier等超千個國際國內(nèi)知名品牌以及各國特色餐飲等休閑消費購物娛樂設(shè)施。

5.我的最大愛好是沉思默想。我可以一個人長時間地獨處而感到愉快。獨享歡樂是一種愉快，獨自憂傷也是一種愉快。孤獨的時候，精神不會是一片純粹的空白，它仍然是一個豐富多彩的世界。

【答案】1.研究者還使用了“云計算”服務(wù)，因為它具有很強的處理能力，而且價格低廉。他們常上Facebook和Linkedln等社交網(wǎng)站，那里大多數(shù)的用戶使用自己真實的名字和照片。

2.這一代的年輕人將婚姻視作靈魂上的伴侶和名正言順的生兒育女，至少，他（她）們認為兩者同等重要。因此，異性有權(quán)利結(jié)婚，而同性卻不能夠，年輕人對此種想法表示無法理解。

3.UnlikepoliticalpartiesintheWest,theCPC,apioneeringparty,iscommittedtowholeheartedlyservingthepeople.However,thecornerstoneoftheParty’sgovernancemaybeerodediftheCPCfailstofulfillitscommitment.

4.TheMixcinNanningisnowthebiggestone-stopmallinGuangxiProvince,havingfacilitieswithleisureconsumption,shoppingandentertainment,whichincludethousandsofinternationalanddomesticfamousbrands,suchasPRADA,GUCCI,BURBERRY,andShiatzyChen,OMEGA,andCartier,aswellasspecialrestaurantsfromdifferentcountries.

5.Mygreatesthobbyismeditation.Icanstayinsolitudeforalongtimewithoutfeelingunpleasant.Toenjoyhappinessbyoneselfisapleasure;tobearsadnessaloneisalsoapleasure.Whenyoustayalone,yourmindwillnotfallintoacompleteblank,butremaininavariedandcolorfulworld.

15.單選題

Let'stestthetemperatureofabasinofwaterwithbothhands（）togetherinthewater.

問題1選項

A.placing

B.place

C.beingplaced

D.placed

【答案】D

【解析】句意:讓我們把兩只手一起放水中，以測試水溫。

語法題?？疾闀r態(tài)語態(tài)。此處hands和place之間是被動關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞。故D正確。

16.單選題

Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms（

）backbeforethedeadline.

問題1選項

A.mustbesent

B.wouldbesent

C.besent

D.weresent

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由itisvital(necessary,important等)+that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣的形式，動詞應(yīng)該用動詞原形或should+動詞原形，選項C符合題意。

17.單選題

IfI（

）harderatschool,Iwouldbesittinginacomfortableofficenow.

問題1選項

A.worked

B.weretowork

C.hadworked

D.wereworking

【答案】C

【解析】句意:如果我上學(xué)的時候努力學(xué)習(xí)，現(xiàn)在我就坐在一間舒適的辦公室里了。

語法題。考查虛擬語氣。前半句是對過去事實的一種假設(shè),因此應(yīng)該用過去完成時。

18.單選題

SomeoneshouldhavetoldRichardNixonthathiseyelidswerebetrayinghim.OnAugust22,1973,duringhisfirstnationallytelevisedpressconferencesincetheSenate’sWatergateinvestigationbegansixmonthsearlier,thepresidentmaintainedacalm,controlledloneofvoice.Butinansweringsuchpointedquestionsas“Isthereanylimitationonthepresident,shortofimpeachment,tocompeltheproductionofevidence?”Nixon’seyesbecameablur.Inanaverageminuteheblinked30to40times.Unimpeachableadultsblinkonlyabout10to20timesaminute,andeventhatmaybeexcessive;studiesoninfantsshowthatthephysicalneedtoblinkcomesjustonceeverytwominutes.

Alltheseextrablinksrepresentmorethanjustwaterywipesfordrycorneas.Somearedustinduced;othersarereflexblinks,protectiveresponsestoatapontheforeheadorthepopofaballoon.What’sleftoveristhethousandsofblinksadaythatseemtooccurwithoutcauseandatrandom.Butinfacttheseblinksarepreciselytimed,andthey’redirectlylinkedtowhat’sonourmind.

Excitement,fatigue,andanxietycanallbedetectedfromsomeone’sblinks,accordingtopsychologistJohnSternofWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis.SternhasbeeninterestedinblinkseversincehewatchedNixonparrypressquestions,andhespecializedinthestudyonthesetinytwitches,usingthemassensitiveprobesofhowthebrainworks.

“IuseblinksasapsychologicalmeasuretomakeinferencesaboutthinkingbecauseIhaveverylittlefaithinwhatyoutellmeaboutwhatyou’rethinking,"hesays.“IfIaskyouthequestion,‘Whatdoesthephrasearollingstonegathersnomossmean?’youcan’ttellmewhenyou’vestartedlookingfortheanswer.ButIcan,bywatchingyoureyes.”

BlinksalsotellSternwhenyouhaveunderstoodhisquestion―oftenlongbeforeh