考研考博-英語-上海師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thetravelagencyhasafullprogramof（）,iftouristswishtovisitlocalplacesofinterest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expeditions

B.excursions

C.explorations

D.propositions

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果游客想游覽當(dāng)?shù)氐拿麆俟袍E，旅行社有一套完整的短途旅行計(jì)劃。

考查名詞辨析。expedition遠(yuǎn)征，探險(xiǎn);excursion遠(yuǎn)足，短程旅行;exploration探測；proposition命題，提議。根據(jù)“當(dāng)?shù)氐拿麆俟袍E”可知四個選項(xiàng)中，B項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Lookingback,it’shardtocomprehendhowtheTasmaniansettlerscouldhavebeensocavalieraboutthetiger’sbiologicaluniqueness—soheedlessoftheconsequences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extempore

B.offhand

C.infunctionate

D.disconcerting

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)extempore“當(dāng)場的，即席的”；B選項(xiàng)offhand“隨便的；即時的；無準(zhǔn)備的；即席的”，C選項(xiàng)infunctionate不存在；D選項(xiàng)disconcerting“令人不安的；打擾人的”。句意：回顧過去，很難理解塔斯馬尼亞的定居者怎么會對老虎的生物獨(dú)特性如此漫不經(jīng)心——如此無視后果。cavalier“傲慢的；漫不經(jīng)心的；無憂無慮的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thechildren’shystericalcrying（）thewomandoctorfromcompletingtheexamination.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forbade

B.refrained

C.hindered

D.restricted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)forbid“禁止；不允許”；B選項(xiàng)refrain“克制；避免；制止”；C選項(xiàng)hinder“阻止；打擾”；D選項(xiàng)restrict“限制；約束”。句意：這些孩子們歇斯底里的哭泣阻止這位女醫(yī)生完成這個檢查。結(jié)合句意判斷出選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.單選題

Withitscommoninterestinlaw-breakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidely-varyingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature,or,atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.

Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheword)ofcrimespecies.Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityteachers,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.Fatalitiesmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety,buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen,thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience,atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends.Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateassociates.Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,Africanjungle,orAustralianbush,ancientChinaorgas-litLondon,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.Theelaborate,carefullyassembledplot,despisedthemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsofsignificantnovels,hasfoundrefugeinthemurdermysterywithitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexplanationsattheend.WiththeguiltofescapismfromRealLifenagginggently,wesecretlyrevelintheunmaskingofevilbyavaguelysuper-humandetective,whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent.

Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgas-filledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,who,sufferingfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebruisesandahangover,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestler.Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.

1.Thecrimenovelmayberegardedas______.

2.Thetextsuggeststhatintellectualswritedetectivestoriesbecause______.

3.Whatfeatureofthedetectivestoryissaidtodisqualifyitfromrespectfulconsiderationbyintellectualcritics?

4.Oneofthemostincrediblecharacteristicsoftheheroofathrilleris______.

5.Inwhatwayarethedetectivestoryandthrillerunlike?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anotquiterespectableformoftheconventionalnovel

B.notatruenovelatall

C.relatedinsomewayslothehistoricalnovel

D.anindependentdevelopmentofthenovel

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thestoriesareofteninfactveryinstructive

B.theyenjoywritingthesestories

C.thecreationofthesestoriesdemandsconsiderableintelligence

D.detectivestoriesareanacceptedbranchofliterature

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Themanyseemingimpossibleevents.

B.Thefactthattheguiltyarealwaysfoundoutandtheinnocentcleared.

C.Theexistenceofaneatclosely-knitstory.

D.Thelackofinterestingenuinecharacterrevelations.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hisexcitinglife

B.hisamazingtoughness

C.hisabilitytoescapefromdangeroussituations

D.thewayhedealswithhisenemies

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Inintroducingviolence.

B.Inprovidingexcitementandsuspense.

C.Inappealingtotheintellectualcuriosityofthereader.

D.Inensuringthateverythingcomesrightintheend.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Thecrimenovelmayberegardedas______.1.犯罪小說被認(rèn)為______。

A.anotquiterespectableformoftheconventionalnovelA.傳統(tǒng)小說的一種不是很體面的形式

B.notatruenovelatallB.根本不是一部真正的小說

C.relatedinsomewayslothehistoricalnovelC.某些方面與歷史小說是相通的

D.anindependentdevelopmentofthenovelD.小說的一個獨(dú)立發(fā)展

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“……犯罪小說可以合法地宣稱它是文學(xué)的一個獨(dú)立分支，或者至少是傳統(tǒng)小說的一個獨(dú)特的分支，盡管這個分支有點(diǎn)名聲不太好”可知，犯罪小說被認(rèn)為是文學(xué)或者傳統(tǒng)小說的一個獨(dú)特分支，也就是說它是小說的一個獨(dú)立發(fā)展，因此D項(xiàng)“小說的一個獨(dú)立發(fā)展”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)小說的一種不是很體面的形式”根據(jù)解題思路可知，犯罪小說只是傳統(tǒng)小說的一個獨(dú)特分支，而不是它的一種形式，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“根本不是一部真正的小說”，根據(jù)解題思路可知犯罪小說是傳統(tǒng)小說的一個獨(dú)特的分支，犯罪小說是一種小說，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“某些方面與歷史小說是相通的”沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Thetextsuggeststhatintellectualswritedetectivestoriesbecause______.2.文章認(rèn)為知識分子寫偵探小說是因?yàn)開_____。

A.thestoriesareofteninfactveryinstructiveA.這些故事實(shí)際上往往很有教育意義

B.theyenjoywritingthesestoriesB.他們喜歡寫這些故事

C.thecreationofthesestoriesdemandsconsiderableintelligenceC.創(chuàng)作這些故事需要相當(dāng)大的智慧

D.detectivestoriesareanacceptedbranchofliteratureD.偵探小說是公認(rèn)的文學(xué)分支

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第二句“它的創(chuàng)作往往是大學(xué)教師、文學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家、科學(xué)家甚至詩人消遣時創(chuàng)作出來的”可推測，知識分子寫偵探小說是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g寫這些故事。因此B選項(xiàng)“他們喜歡寫這些故事”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“這些故事實(shí)際上往往很有教育意義”、C項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)作這些故事需要相當(dāng)大的智慧”和D項(xiàng)“偵探小說是公認(rèn)的文學(xué)分支”在文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Whatfeatureofthedetectivestoryissaidtodisqualifyitfromrespectfulconsiderationbyintellectualcritics?3.偵探小說的什么特點(diǎn)使它不受知識分子評論家的尊重？

A.Themanyseemingimpossibleevents.A.許多看似不可能的事件。

B.Thefactthattheguiltyarealwaysfoundoutandtheinnocentcleared.B.有罪的人總能被發(fā)現(xiàn)，清白的人總能洗脫罪名。

C.Theexistenceofaneatclosely-knitstory.C.存在著一個簡潔而緊密的故事。

D.Thelackofinterestingenuinecharacterrevelations.D.對真實(shí)性格的揭露缺乏興趣。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第六句“精心設(shè)計(jì)的情節(jié)，藐視現(xiàn)代的知識批評家和重要小說的創(chuàng)造者（despisedthemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsofsignificantnovels）……”可以看出，偵探小說不受知識分子評論家的尊重是因?yàn)樗o密的情節(jié)設(shè)置藐視了現(xiàn)代知識分子批評家和偉大小說的創(chuàng)作者，所以C項(xiàng)“存在著一個簡潔而緊密的故事”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“許多看似不可能的事件”、B項(xiàng)“有罪的人總能被發(fā)現(xiàn)，清白的人總能洗脫罪名”屬于偵探小說里面的情節(jié)，應(yīng)該是C項(xiàng)里的內(nèi)容，所以這兩項(xiàng)以偏概全；

D項(xiàng)“對真實(shí)性格的揭露缺乏興趣”沒有提到，無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Oneofthemostincrediblecharacteristicsoftheheroofathrilleris______.4.驚悚小說主人公最令人難以置信的特點(diǎn)之一是______。

A.hisexcitinglifeA.他驚險(xiǎn)刺激的生活

B.hisamazingtoughnessB.他驚人的韌性

C.hisabilitytoescapefromdangeroussituationsC.他逃離危險(xiǎn)處境的能力

D.thewayhedealswithhisenemiesD.他對付敵人的方式

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thriller和hero定位到原文第三段，由原文第三段第二句“……遭受至少斷了兩根肋骨，眼睛被打黑一只，無數(shù)的瘀傷和宿醉的英雄，仍然可以追逐和壓制帶有武器的且擁有摔跤手體格的惡棍”可知，即使主人公經(jīng)歷了種種磨難，依然能戰(zhàn)勝帶有武器的惡棍。由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“他驚人的韌性”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“他驚險(xiǎn)刺激的生活”沒有提到，無中生有；

C項(xiàng)“逃離危險(xiǎn)處境的能力”和D項(xiàng)“他對付敵人的方式”都不屬于主人公最不可思議的特征，屬于張冠李戴。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Inwhatwayarethedetectivestoryandthrillerunlike?5.偵探小說和驚悚小說在哪些方面不同？

A.Inintroducingviolence.A.在介紹暴力方面。

B.Inprovidingexcitementandsuspense.B.在提供刺激和懸念方面。

C.Inappealingtotheintellectualcuriosityofthereader.C.在滿足讀者的求知欲方面。

D.Inensuringthateverythingcomesrightintheend.D.在確保結(jié)局一切順利方面。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】由第二段第五六句“故事的背景設(shè)置在更偏遠(yuǎn)的環(huán)境，非洲叢林，澳大利亞叢林，古代中國或煤氣燈照亮的倫敦，吸引了我們對地理或歷史的興趣，大多數(shù)偵探小說作家都會盡職盡責(zé)地提供合理的真實(shí)背景。精心設(shè)計(jì)的情節(jié)，藐視了現(xiàn)代的知識批評家和重要小說的創(chuàng)造者，在謀殺之謎中找到了避難所，它的線索是零星的，且顯然看起來是不可能的，所有這些在最后都有適當(dāng)?shù)慕鉀Q方案和解釋?！笨芍瑐商叫≌f的發(fā)生場景是我們熟悉的，任務(wù)形象也和我們身邊的人一樣，故事發(fā)生的背景設(shè)置也盡可能合理真實(shí)，吸引我們對地理或者歷史的興趣，所有的內(nèi)容都有適當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢负妥詈蟮慕忉?；而根?jù)最后一段第三四句“與偵探故事不同的是，他在一個幾乎無所不知的頭號罪犯的世界里危險(xiǎn)地移動，這個世界充斥著無情的幫派、殘暴、對權(quán)力和金錢的貪婪，他的失敗幾乎是偶然的。在這部驚悚片中，我們或許錯過了那種安全感：在鎮(zhèn)定的調(diào)查員的帶領(lǐng)下，我們安全地走過了一堆轉(zhuǎn)移注意力的事情，走過了一條盲目的道路，最終聚集了一群嫌疑人，然后對所有困擾我們的事情進(jìn)行了毫無疑問的解釋，正義和善良占據(jù)了主導(dǎo)?！笨芍?，驚悚小說的主人公幾乎是無所不知，戰(zhàn)無不勝的，他可以通過一系列途徑，最終到達(dá)犯罪嫌疑人聚集的地方，正義和善良戰(zhàn)勝了一切，讀者所期望的一切都得到了滿足。綜上所述可以判斷，偵探小說和驚悚小說吸引讀者去閱讀的方式是不一樣的，所以C選項(xiàng)“在滿足讀者的求知欲方面”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“在介紹暴力方面”，偵探小說并沒有介紹暴力，所以無從比較，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B項(xiàng)“在提供刺激和懸念方面”中的“刺激”在偵探小說中沒有體現(xiàn)，屬于曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“在確保結(jié)局一切順利方面”由解題思路可知，偵探小說和驚悚小說在確保結(jié)局順利方面，都是使讀者所期望的一切都得到了滿足，所以該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

5.單選題

WhenaScottishresearchteamstartledtheworldbyrevealingthreemonthsagothatithadclonedanadultsheep,PresidentClintonmovedswiftly.Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumans,heorderedthatfederalfundsnotbeusedforsuchanexperimentalthoughnoonehadproposedtodoso—andaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.Thatgroup-thenationalBioethicsAdvisoryCommission-hasbeenworkingfeverishlytoputitswisdomonpaper,andatameetingon17May,membersagreedonanear-finaldraftoftherecommendations.

NBACwillaskthatClinton's90-daybanonfederalfundsforhumancloningbeextendedindefinitely,andpossiblythatitbemadelaw.ButNBACmembersareplanningtowordtherecommendationnarrowlytoavoidnewrestrictionsonresearchthatinvolvesthecloningofhumanDNAorcells--routineinmolecularbiology.Thepanelhasnotyetreachedagreementonacrucialquestion,however,whethertorecommendlegislationthatwouldmakeitacrimeforprivatefundingtobeusedforhumancloning.

Inadraftprefacetotherecommendations,discussedatthe17Maymeeting,Shapirosuggestedthatthepanelhadfoundabroadconsensusthatitwouldbe"morallyunacceptabletoattempttocreateahumanchildbyadultnuclearcloning."ShapiroexplainedduringthemeetingthatthemoraldoubtstemsmainlyfromfearsabouttherisktothehealthofthechilD.Thepaneltheninformallyacceptedseveralgeneralconclusions,althoughsomedetailshavenotbeensettled.

NBACmembersalsoindicatedthattheywillappealtoprivatelyfundedresearchersandclinicsnottotrytoclonehumansbybodycellnucleartransfer.Buttheyweredividedonwhethertogofurtherbycallingforafederallawthatwouldimposeacompletebanonhumancloning.Shapiroandmostmembersfavoredanappealforsuchlegislation.Butinaphoneinterview,hesaidthisissuewasstill"upintheair."

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

2.Themeaningoftheword"consensus"inParagraph3isclosestto（）.

3.Thepanelagreedonallofthefollowingexceptthat（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromParagraph2?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theWhiteHouserespondedstronglytothenewsofcloning

B.federalfundshavebeenusedinaprojecttoclonehumans

C.NBACwasempoweredtocontrolthemisuseofcloningtechnique

D.theWhiteHousehasgotthepanel'srecommendationsoncloning

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.requirement

B.content

C.agreement

D.distinction

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thebanonfederalfundsforhumancloningshouldbemadealaw

B.theprivatelyfundedresearchersandclinicsshouldbeforbiddentoclonehumans

C.itwouldbeagainstethicalvaluestocloneahumanbeing

D.itwouldbeagainstthelawtouseprivatefundingforhumancloning

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TherecommendationshouldbeexpressednarrowlytoavoidthecloningofhumanDNA

B.TherecommendationshouldbeconfinedtothecloningofhumanDNA

C.ThecloningofhumanDNAshouldnotbeputundermorecontrol.

D.ThecloningofhumanDNAshouldberestrictednarrowly.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theissueofhumancloningwillsoonbesettled

B.someNBACmembershesitatetobanhumancloningcompletely

C.privatelyfoundedresearcherswillrespondpositivelytoNBAC'sappeal

D.alawbanninghumancloningistobepassedimmediately

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，反對克隆的是克林頓總統(tǒng)，而白宮對此的態(tài)度作者沒有提及，所以選項(xiàng)A錯誤；克林頓總統(tǒng)下令聯(lián)邦基金不能用于克隆實(shí)驗(yàn)，所以選項(xiàng)B也錯誤；NBAC只是被授權(quán)寫出有關(guān)克隆人的國家政策的建議，而不是被授權(quán)控制克隆技術(shù)的濫用，選項(xiàng)C表述有誤；根據(jù)第一段的最后一句可知，該草案的最終建議已經(jīng)達(dá)成了一致，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.根據(jù)原文的“abroadconsensus”以及句意可知，原文指達(dá)成廣泛的共識。所以選項(xiàng)C更符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Thepanelhasnot...tobeusedforhumancloning.”然而，有一個關(guān)鍵問題專家組尚未達(dá)成一致意見，即將私人資金用于克隆人屬于犯罪這一條例是否應(yīng)該立法。所以選項(xiàng)D是錯誤的。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第二句“ButNBACmembers...routineinmolecularbiology.”但是，NBAC的成員會注意控制其內(nèi)容的措辭,以免出現(xiàn)新的條令禁止克隆人類DNA和細(xì)胞的試驗(yàn)——這類試驗(yàn)在分子生物學(xué)中是常見的。也就是說，克隆人類DNA不應(yīng)該受到更多的控制。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的第二句“Buttheyweredividedonwhethertogofurtherbycallingforafederallawthatwouldimposeacompletebanonhumancloning.”但是，他們在是否進(jìn)一步要求聯(lián)邦法律全面禁止克隆人的問題上存在分歧。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

6.單選題

ScientistshaveachievedfindingssubstantialenoughtoremoveourfearofGMfoods.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abundant

B.controversial

C.conducive

D.convincing

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。substantial表示“大量的，實(shí)質(zhì)的”；A項(xiàng)abundant“豐富的，充裕的”，B項(xiàng)controversial“有爭議的，有爭論的”，C項(xiàng)conducive“有益的，有助于……的”，D項(xiàng)convincing“令人信服的”。句意：科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)取得了足以消除我們對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品恐懼的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)前面的findings（發(fā)現(xiàn)）可知只有D項(xiàng)的意思與劃線部分的意思相近，所以D項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

MyfavoriteradiosongistheoneIfirstheardonathick1923EdisondiscI________atagaragesale.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trifledwith

B.scrapedthrough

C.stumbledupon

D.thirstedfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“玩弄，心不在焉地做”；B選項(xiàng)“勉強(qiáng)通過”；C選項(xiàng)“偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)“渴望”。句意：我最喜歡的廣播歌曲是愛迪生1923年的厚唱片里的一首，我第一次（）在車庫拍賣時上聽到的。從關(guān)鍵詞first和garagesale可以推測，聽到這首歌肯定不是自己渴望聽到的，是偶然聽到這首歌，覺得很好聽所以才會把第一次聽到這首歌的情形記得這么清楚。

8.單選題

Theyarrivedatsomepoliticalagreementsthatfacilitatedtroopwithdrawals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.established

B.maximized

C.guaranteed

D.promoted

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：他們達(dá)成了一些政治上的協(xié)議，這……撤軍。facilitate意為“促進(jìn)，幫助，使容易”。A選項(xiàng)establish“創(chuàng)立，建立”；B選項(xiàng)maximize“最大化”；C選項(xiàng)guarantee“保證，擔(dān)保”；D選項(xiàng)promote“促進(jìn)，提升”。選項(xiàng)D與之意思最為相近，符合語境。

9.單選題

Morethanadecadeago,cognitivescientistsJohnBransfordandDanielSchwartz,boththenatVanderbiltUniversity,foundthatwhatdistinguishedyoungadultsfromchildrenwasnottheabilitytoretainfactsorapplypriorknowledgetoanewsituationbutaqualitytheycalledpreparationforfuturelearning.Theresearchersaskedfifthgradersandcollegestudentstocreatearecoveryplantoprotectbaldeaglesfromextinction.Shockingly,thetwogroupscameupwithplansofsimilarquality(althoughthecollegestudentshadbetterspellingskills).Fromthestandpointofatraditionaleducator,thisoutcomeindicatedthatschoolinghadfailedtohelpstudentsthinkaboutecosystemandextinction,majorscientificideas.

Theresearchersdecidedtogodeeper,however.Theyaskedbothgroupstogeneratequestionsaboutimportantissuesneededtocreaterecoveryplans.Onthistask,theyfoundeaglesandtheirhabitats.Fifthgraderstendedtofocusonfeaturesofindividualeagles(“Howbigarethey?''and'"Whatdotheyeat?’’).Thecollegestudentshadcultivatedtheabilitytoaskquestions,thecornerstoneofcriticalthinking.Theyhadlearnedhowtolearn.

Museumsandotherinstitutionsofinformallearningmaybebettersuitedtoteachthisskillthanelementaryandsecondaryschools.AttheExploratoriuminSanFrancisco,werecentlystudiedlearningtoaskgoodquestionscanaffectthequalityofpeople’sscientificinquiry.Wefoundthatwetaughtparticipantstoask“Whatif?”and“Howcan?’’questionsthatnobodypresentwouldknowtheanswertoandthatwouldsparkexploration,theyengagedinbetterinquiryatthenextexhibit—askingmorequestions,performingmoreexperimentsandmakingbetterinterpretationsoftheirresults.Specifically,theirquestionsbecamemorecomprehensiveatthenewexhibit.Ratherthanmerelyaskingaboutsomethingtheywantedtotry,theytendedtoincludebothcauseandeffectintheirquestion.Askingjuicyquestionsappearstobeatransferableskillfordeepeningcollaborativeinquiryintothesciencecontentfoundinexhibits.

Thistypeoflearningisnotconfinedtomuseumsorinstitutionalsettings.Informallearningenvironmentstoleratefailurebetterthanschools.Perhapsmanyteachershavetoolittletimetoallowstudentstoformandpursuetheirownquestionsandtoomuchgroundtocoverinthecurriculum.Butpeoplemustacquirethisskillsomewhere.Oursocietydependsonthembeingabletomakecriticaldecisionsabouttheirownmedicaltreatment,say,orwhatwemustdoaboutglobalenergyneedsanddemands.Forthat,wehavearobustinformallearningsystemthatgivesnogrades,takesallcomers,andisavailableevenonholidaysandweekends.

1.Whatistraditionaleducators’interpretationoftheresearchoutcomementionedinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inwhatwayarecollegestudentsdifferentfromchildren?

3.Whatisthebenefitofaskingquestionswithnoreadyanswers?

4.Whatissaidtobetheadvantageofinformallearning?

5.Whatdoestheauthorseemtoencourageeducatorstodoattheendofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Studentsarenotabletoapplypriorknowledgetonewproblems

B.Collegestudentsarenobetterthanfifthgradersinmemorizingfacts.

C.Educationhasnotpaidenoughattentiontomajorenvironmentissues

D.Educationhasfailedtoleadstudentstothinkaboutmajorscientificideas

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavelearnedtothinkcritically.

B.Theyareconcernedaboutsocialissues.

C.Theyarecuriousaboutspecificfeatures

D.Theyhavelearnedtoworkindependently

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itarousesstudents'interestinthingsaroundthem

B.Itcultivatesstudents'abilitytomakescientificinquiries

C.Ittrainsstudents'abilitytodesignscientificexperiments

D.Ithelpsstudentsrealizenoteveryquestionhasananswer

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itallowsforfailures

B.Itchargesnotuition

C.Itisentertaining

D.Itmeetspracticalneeds

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Trainstudentstothinkaboutglobalissues

B.Designmoreinteractiveclassroomactivities

C.Makefulluseofinformallearningresources

D.Includecollaborativeinquiryinthecurriculum.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“traditionaleducator”定位到第一段最后一句“Fromthestandpointofatraditionaleducator,thisoutcomeindicatedthatschoolinghadfailedtohelpstudentsthinkaboutecosystemandextinction,majorscientificideas.”從傳統(tǒng)教育家的立場來看，這一結(jié)果表明，學(xué)校教育未能幫助學(xué)生思考生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和滅絕，這是主要的科學(xué)思想。也就是說，教育未能引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考主要的科學(xué)思想。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“JohnBransford和DanielSchwartz發(fā)現(xiàn)，區(qū)分年輕人和兒童的不在于他們是否能夠記住事實(shí)或?qū)⒅暗闹R應(yīng)用到新環(huán)境中，而在于他們稱之為為未來學(xué)習(xí)做準(zhǔn)備的素質(zhì)。”再根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Thecollegestudentshadcultivatedtheabilitytoaskquestions,thecornerstoneofcriticalthinking.Theyhadlearnedhowtolearn.大學(xué)生培養(yǎng)了問問題的能力，這是批判性思維的基石。他們學(xué)會了如何學(xué)習(xí)。”選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“toask“Whatif?”and“Howcan?”questionsthatnobodypresentwouldknowtheanswertoandthatwouldsparkexploration.問“如果……會怎樣?”和“怎么可能?”等一些沒有人知道答案的問題，將會引發(fā)探索?！彼赃x項(xiàng)B“培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)探究的能力”符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Informallearningenvironmentstoleratefailurebetterthanschools.”非正式的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境比學(xué)校更能容忍失敗。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“我們的社會依賴于他們能夠?qū)ψ约旱尼t(yī)療做出關(guān)鍵性的決定，或者說我們必須為全球能源需求做些什么。為此，我們有一個強(qiáng)大的非正式學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)，不打分，適用于所有人群，甚至在節(jié)假日和周末也可以使用?！币簿褪钦f，作者建議教育者們充分利用非正式學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)的資源。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

10.單選題

Iamsureyouwouldhaveseenherifyou（

）thatevening.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadturnedout

B.hadturnedon

C.hadturnedin

D.hadturnedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。turnout“結(jié)果是”；turnon“打開”；turnin“交上”；turnup“出現(xiàn)”。句意：我確信如果你那天晚上出現(xiàn)的話肯定能夠看到她。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

Janehas（）wontherespectofeveryoneinthefieldofdancebothforthesocietyandherself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deservedly

B.exactly

C.despicably

D.diffusely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。deservedly“理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)亍?；exactly“恰好地”；despicably“可鄙地，卑劣地”；diffusely“廣泛地，擴(kuò)散地”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意，簡理所應(yīng)當(dāng)贏得大家的尊重。

12.單選題

Thebuildingisagreatsuccess,______atriumph,forthedesigner.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.namely

B.orrather

C.and

D.particularly

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞辨析。A項(xiàng)namely“也就是，即是”，B項(xiàng)orrather“更精確地說，倒不如說”，C項(xiàng)and“和”，D項(xiàng)particularly“異乎尋常地，特別是”。由success（成功）和triumph（勝利）可知，這兩個意思相近，success強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，triumph強(qiáng)調(diào)過程和動作，所以空格處填入B項(xiàng)更符合句子語境。句意：對于設(shè)計(jì)者來說，這座建筑是一個巨大的成功，或者更確切地說是一個勝利。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

Howcanyou（）andwatchthecountrygotoruin?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standby

B.standfor

C.standup

D.standupfor

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。standby袖手旁觀，站在旁邊；standfor代表，象征；standup站起來，堅(jiān)持；standupfor支持，擁護(hù)。句意：你怎么能袖手旁觀，看著這個國家走向毀滅呢?選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

14.單選題

In1885OwenWister(1850-1938)recordedthat“itwon’tbeacenturybeforethewestissimplythetrueAmerica,withthought,type,andlifeofitsown”andhewanted“tobethehandthatonce,forall,chronicledandlaidbarethevirtuesandtheicesofthisextraordinaryphaseofAmericansocialprogress.”Heneverbecamethatself-envisionedTolstoioftheoldWest,butin1902TheVirginianwaspublished.Itwoninstantsuccessandsky-rocketeditsauthortofame.Itisstillthemostpopular“western”noveleverpublishedandthemasterdesignforthefictionoftheWildWest.

TheVirginianestablishedaliteraryform,aformulapopularlyknownas“horseopera”,whoseconventions,cliches,andvalueshavereappearedinnovelsandshortstories,inmoviesandtelevisionserials,eversince.Theromanticcowboyistheheroandgentleman,oneofthose“goodmeninthehumblerwalksoflife”,whoseemsthroughshams,defendsjusticeandalady’shonor,shootsitoutwiththevillainandconquersevil.BecauseofTheVirginian,Wistercreatedacharacterwhoistheoriginaltypeforthewesternfolkhero.HerepresentstheembodimentofcertainAmericanideals—amanwhoisequaltoalloccasionswhoshowsindependenceofaction,amanwhokeepshiswordwhoisabroad-gaugefellowlivingamongnarrow-gaugefold”.ButtheliterarydeviceandcowboycodewhichWisterestablisheddictatedthattheheromustkilltheheadman.Thisnecessityforsanctioningmurderandromanticizingofthecowboyasagentlemanprohibited.TheVirginianandthegenreitcreatedfrombecomingseriousfiction,orevenanauthenticproductofthewesternexperience.Insteadofachievinghisambition,therefore,WistergaveusasortofAmericanfolkepic,thecowboystory.

1.OwenWisterbelieved（）.

2.Stylistically,TheVirginianisnotedforthefactthatit（）.

3.ThepopularitywhichwasaccordedTheVirginianindicatesthatWister（）.

4.Theauthorofthearticlebelievesthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thewayoflifeinthewestin1885wasapassingphase

B.thecowboyin1885symbolizedthetypicalAmericanmode

C.thewestwouldbealwaysisolatedfromtherestofthecountrybyitsmoralcode

D.noneofthese

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.waswrittenaccordingtoapre-establishedformula

B.establishedtheformulaknownas“horseopera”

C.followedtheliteraryconventionsoftheday.

D.abandonedAmericanconventionsinfavorofforeignones

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hadwrittenanaccountofthecowboywhichappealedtoAmericanaspirations

B.gaveusanauthenticaccountofthewesternexperience

C.becametheAmericanTolstoi

D.realizedhisstatedambition

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheVirginiandidnotdeservethesuccessitwon

B.Wisterwasahack

C.WistermadeadefinitecontributiontoAmericanliterature

D.cowboystoriesshouldbeconsideredseriousfiction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段第一句“itwon’tbeacenturybeforethewestissimplythetrueAmerica.”可知選項(xiàng)A錯誤；選項(xiàng)B在文中沒有提及；選項(xiàng)C明顯錯誤；所以本題選D。

2.根據(jù)第二段第一句“TheVirginianestablishedaliteraryform,aformulapopularlyknownas“horseopera”,...”弗吉尼亞人建立了一種文學(xué)形式，一種被普遍稱為“馬戲”的模式。選項(xiàng)B與原文描述一致，所以正確。

3.根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Insteadofachievinghisambition,therefore,WistergaveusasortofAmericanfolkepic,thecowboystory.”Wister沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)他的抱負(fù)，而是給我們講述了一部美國民間史詩，牛仔的故事。這使我們對西方的經(jīng)歷有了真實(shí)的了解，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“...TheVirginianwaspublished.Itwoninstantsuccessandsky-rocketeditsauthortofame.”可知選項(xiàng)A錯誤；選項(xiàng)B在文中沒有提及；選項(xiàng)C符合原文；選項(xiàng)D不正確，所以本題選C。

15.填空題

Let’sgetataxi,（1）we?It’s（2）alongwalkandI’mfeelingalittletired.It（3）bejetlagthat’scausingmetorunoutof（4）.Ifeltfinethismorning,butit’sonlybeentwodays（5）IflewbackfromNewYork.

【答案】1.shall

2.really

3.must

4.energy

5.when

【解析】1.固定句式。Letus的反義疑問用shallwe。

2.語義題。句意:真是好長一段距離?？瞻滋幮杼钊胍粋€程度副詞，故可以用really。

3.語法題?？疾榍閼B(tài)動詞。表示“肯定的推測”。

4.固定搭配。runoutofenergy沒有能量了。

5.語義題。句意:但我從紐約飛回來才兩天。When為引導(dǎo)詞o

16.單選題

Althoughthegeneticexplanationofwhysomepeopleareright-handedwhereasothersareleft-handedisplausible,ithasbeeneffectivelychallengedbyexperimentsinwhichgenetically（

）miceshoweddifferentpawpreferences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.verified

B.indistinguishable

C.identical

D.complex

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。verified“已證實(shí)的”；indistinguishable“不能區(qū)別的；”identical“同一的；完全相同的”；complex“復(fù)雜的；合成的”。句意：雖然遺傳學(xué)解釋為什么有些人習(xí)慣用右手而另一些是左撇子似乎是合理的，它已經(jīng)被基因?qū)嶒?yàn)有效地挑戰(zhàn)，在基因上別無二致的鼠表現(xiàn)出使用爪子的不同偏好。由plausible“看似可信的”與showeddifferentpawpreferences“表現(xiàn)出不同偏好”可知B項(xiàng)符合語境，故B項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Onasingleweekendlastmonth,therewerethreeserioushighwayaccidentsinthiscountrythat(1)teenageddrivers.Oneoftheresultofthis(2)weekendwasa(3)publicdemandthathighschoolstudentsshouldberequiredto(4)acourseofdriving-trainingbeforereceivingtheirdriver’slicenses.(5),mostofthehighschoolsinthisareahaveoffereddriver-trainingcoursesformanyyears.Butthesecourseshavealwaysbeen(6),(7)required;andsometimesonlyasmallfractionofthestudentbodyhasactuallybeen(8)inthecourses.Itwouldbeanexcellentidea,asIseeit,tomakedrivertrainingarequiredcourse.

Theopponentsofthisideahave(9)thatprovidingdrivertrainingforeverystudentwouldbevery(10)andthatthe(11)wouldnotbeworththeprice.Itistruethatthecoursewouldbecostly.Ourtownschoolboardhasestimatedthatinordertoprovidedrivertrainingforeveryhighschoolstudent,theywouldneedatleasttwomorefull-timeinstructorsandtwoadditionaltrainingcars,aswellas(12)labspaceandequipment.(13)thecourseofthisprogramwouldbelarge,itmustbe(14)againstthemuchgreatercost—bothinmoneyandinhumansuffering—ofcontinuingtoallowinexperiencedandpoorlytrainedpeopletojointheranksoflicenseddrivers.Aneffectivedrive-trainingprogramwouldcertainlybeworththe(15).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.related

B.included

C.involved

D.concerned

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.unlucky

B.tragic

C.horrible

D.miserable

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.restored

B.recovered

C.revived

D.renewed

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.give

B.make

C.take

D.hold

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.True

B.Real

C.Sure

D.Certain

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.random

B.objective

C.auxiliary

D.elective