考研考博-英語-上海紐約大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海紐約大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

1.Whenyouestablishasuccinct,easy-to-remembertheme,youletpeopleknowthatyouhaveawell-definedandthought-outpointofview.

2.Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentcomefromthe

factthatonecannotlearnculture-onehastoliveit.

3.ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofthingI

havetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattacktheobjectionableitemfirst.

4.Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablycomplex,filledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtoday'simagining.

【答案】1.當(dāng)你建立一個簡潔、容易記住的主題時(shí)，你讓人們知道你有一個明確的且深思熟慮的觀點(diǎn)。

2.在處理文化環(huán)境中最復(fù)雜的問題來自這樣一個事實(shí)即一個人不能學(xué)習(xí)那種文化卻又不得不生活在那樣的環(huán)境里。

3.我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己轉(zhuǎn)身撂下一份工作，或放在一堆要做的事情之后，我把桌上的一切清理干凈，然后著手攻克一個有異議的項(xiàng)目。

4.但就在最近幾年，它變得幾乎難以置信的復(fù)雜，充滿了奇怪的部分，其功能也超出了今日的想象力。

2.單選題

ThefinefurnitureearlyShakercommunitiesproduced____ascollectors’items.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arenowprized

B.isbeingprizestoday

C.arebeenprizestoday

D.isnowprized

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.arenowprized現(xiàn)在被譽(yù)為B.isbeingprizestoday現(xiàn)在正被譽(yù)為

C.arebeenprizestoday現(xiàn)在被譽(yù)為D.isnowprized現(xiàn)在被譽(yù)為

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)

【解題思路】空格處所填的內(nèi)容為該句的謂語，本句主語為Thefinefurniture，其中furniture為不可數(shù)名詞，做主語時(shí)，謂語動詞應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式；并且主語是贊譽(yù)的對象，應(yīng)該使用被動語態(tài)（其基本形式為be+done）；另外，本句是一種事實(shí)性的陳述，使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)就可以，D選項(xiàng)isnowprized符合要求。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)arenowprized，主謂不一致；

B選項(xiàng)isbeingprizestoday，時(shí)態(tài)不對，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，而原句并不強(qiáng)調(diào)這種“正在進(jìn)行”的特征，并且被動語態(tài)的形式不對，prizes為動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，而非過去分詞形式；

C選項(xiàng)arebeenprizestoday，主謂不一致，并且被動語態(tài)的形式不對，prizes為動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，而非過去分詞形式。

【句意】早期的震教徒社區(qū)生產(chǎn)的精美家具現(xiàn)在被譽(yù)為收藏家的藏品。

3.單選題

Wemaintainareflexive,（）affectionforUncleRalph,theboringfellowwithinterminablestoriesofatimeweneverknew.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hateful

B.distanced

C.loving

D.glaring

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。hateful“可恨的”；distanced“距離遠(yuǎn)的”；loving“忠誠的”；glaring“耀眼的，瞪視的”。句意：我們對Ralph叔叔有一種反射式的疏遠(yuǎn)式的喜愛，這個無聊的家伙一次性沒完沒了地講了很多我們不知道的故事。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Whenthefamilygatheredtodiscussfinancialmatters,fatherstarted（

）,bysayingthatitwasabsolutelynecessarytosetasidesomemoneyeachmonth,forinanemergencywecoulduseit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.off

B.through

C.away

D./

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。startoffbydoingsth.選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Duringthe1960’sand1970’s,theprimaryeconomicdevelopmentstrategyoflocalgovernmentsintheUnitedStateswastoattractmanufacturingindustries.Unfortunately,thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense:manymanufacturingfacilitieswereluredawayfromtheirmooringselsewherethroughtaxincentivesandslickpromotionalefforts.Throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy.

Inthe1980’sthestrategyshiftedfromthiszero-sumgametoonecalled“high-technologydevelopment,”inwhichlocalgovernmentscompetedtoattractnewlyformedhigh-technologymanufacturingfirms.Althoughthisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs,italsohaditsshortcomings:high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce,andtheresimplyarenotenoughhigh-techfirmstosatisfyallgeographicareas.

Recently,localgovernmentshaveincreasinglycometorecognizetheadvantagesofyetathirdstrategy:thepromotionofhomegrownsmallbusinesses.Smallindigenousbusinessesarecreatedbyanearlyubiquitousresource,localentrepreneurs,withrootsintheircommunities,theseindividualsarelesslikelytobeenticedawaybyincentivesofferedbyanothercommunity.Indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship.

1.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthemajorityofUnitedStatesmanufacturingindustriesbeforethehigh-technologydevelopmenteraofthe1980’s?

2.Thetoneofthepassagesuggeststhattheauthorismostoptimisticabouttheeconomicdevelopmentpotentialofwhichofthefollowinggroups?

3.Theauthorofthepassagementionswhichofthefollowingasanadvantageofhigh-technologydevelopment?

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theylostmanyoftheirmostinnovativepersonneltosmallentrepreneurialenterprises.

B.Theyexperiencedamajordeclineinprofitsduringthe1690’sand1970’s.

C.Theycouldproviderealeconomicbenefitstotheareasinwhichtheywerelocated.

D.Theyemployedworkerswhohadnospecializedskills.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Localgovernments

B.High-technologypromoters

C.Localentrepreneurs

D.Manufacturing-industrymanagers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itencouragesthemodernizationofexistingmanufacturingfacilities.

B.Itdoesnotadvantageonelocalworkforceattheexpenseofanother.

C.Itencouragesthegrowthofrelatedindustries.

D.Ittakesfulladvantageoftheexistingworkforce.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Advocatemoreeffectivestrategiesforencouragingthedevelopmentofhigh—technologyenterprisesintheUnitedStates.

B.Contrasttheincentivesforeconomicdevelopmentofferedbylocalgovernmentswiththoseofferedbytheprivatesector.

C.Acknowledgeandcounteradversecriticismofprogramsbeingusedtostimulatelocaleconomicdevelopment.

D.Reviewandevaluatestrategiesandprogramsthathavebeenusedtostimulateeconomicdevelopment.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第一段中“thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense這種策略通常是實(shí)現(xiàn)另一個社區(qū)的代價(jià),”以及“throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy通過這種做法帶來的就業(yè)和相關(guān)收入的轉(zhuǎn)移，一個城鎮(zhèn)的勝利可能成為另一個城鎮(zhèn)的悲劇”，可知，在八十年代以前，經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展都是本地化的，只能為自己所在的社區(qū)帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。C項(xiàng)“它們可以為它們所處的地區(qū)提供真正的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益?！闭_。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段“high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce高科技制造企業(yè)只雇傭了一小部分受過專門訓(xùn)練的制造勞動力”，以及第三段“indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship本土產(chǎn)業(yè)和人才被留在國內(nèi)，創(chuàng)造了一個既提供就業(yè)又促進(jìn)進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)業(yè)的環(huán)境”。可知作者是對本土的企業(yè)持有比較樂觀的態(tài)度。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段“thisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs這種辦法比奪走其他地理地區(qū)的工作而使其受害要好”可知與B項(xiàng)“它不會犧牲一個當(dāng)?shù)貏趧恿Φ睦娑沽硪粋€勞動力受益?！毕喾?。

4.主旨大意題。文章主要目的在于通過講解三種不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展策略，告訴讀者哪種發(fā)展策略優(yōu)勢比較明顯，同時(shí)三種發(fā)展策略對經(jīng)濟(jì)有哪些好的促進(jìn)作用。故D項(xiàng)“審查和評估用于刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略和方案?！狈项}意。

6.單選題

Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyintothesky.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.floating

B.raising

C.heaving

D.ascending

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。float“漂浮，浮動”；raise“提升，增加”；heave“舉起”；ascend“攀登，上升”。句意：看到數(shù)百只彩色的氣球緩緩升入天空，孩子們歡呼起來。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Psychologistsbelievethatchildrenareeasilyinfluencedbytheir（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conditions

B.combinations

C.peers

D.granaries

【答案】C

【解析】語義題。空格填入的詞應(yīng)與children同類型。因此C項(xiàng)peer（同齡人，同輩人）符合要求。

8.單選題

Intheearly20thcentury,fewthingsweremoreappealingthanthepromiseofscientificknowledge.Inaworldstrugglingwithrapidindustrialization,scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem.Newlycreatedstatecollegesanduniversitiesdevotedthemselvesalmostentirelytoscientific,technological,andengineeringfields.ManyAmericanscametobelievethatscientificcertaintycouldnotonlysolvescientificproblems,butalsoreformpolitics,government,andbusiness.TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.AfterWorldWarII,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy.Americanscholarsfannedoutacrossmuchoftheworld~withsupportfromtheFordFoundation,theFulbrightprogram,etc.―topromotetheteachingofliteratureandtheartsinanefforttomakethecasefordemocraticfreedoms.

IntheAmericaofourownlime,thegreateducationalchallengehasbecomeanefforttostrengthentheteachingofwhatisnowknownastheSTEMdisciplines（science,technology,engineering,andmath）.ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.India,China.Japanandotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.

Atthesametime,perhapsinevitably,thehumanities—whilestillpopularinelitecollegesanduniversities—haveexperiencedasignificantdecline.Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves.Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembersatmostinstitutionsandareoftenlightlyregardedbecausetheydonotgenerategrantincomeandbecausetheyprovidenoobviouscredentials（資質(zhì)）formostnonacademiccareers.

UndoubtedlyAmericaneducationshouldtrainmorescientistsandengineers.MuchoftheconcernamongpoliticiansaboutthestateofAmericanuniversitiestodayisfocusedontheabsenceof“realworld”education—whichmeanspreparationforprofessionalandscientificcareers.Buttheideathatinstitutionsortheirstudentsmustdecidebetweenhumanitiesandscienceisfalse.Oursocietycouldnotsurvivewithoutscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.Butwewouldbeequallyimpoverished（貧困的）withouthumanisticknowledgeaswell.Scienceandtechnologyteachuswhatwecando.Humanisticthinkinghelpsusunderstandwhatweshoulddo.

Itisalmostimpossibletoimagineoursocietywithoutthinkingoftheextraordinaryachievementsofscientistsandengineersinbuildingourcomplicatedworld.Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.Wehavealwaysneeded,andwestillneed,both.

1.Intheearly20thcenturyAmericansbelievedscienceandtechnologycould（）.

2.WhydidmanyAmericanscholarsbecomeenthusiasticabouthumanisticstudiesafterWorldWarII?

3.WhyareAmericanscholarsworriedabouteducationtoday?

4.Whataccountsforthesignificantdeclineinhumanisticstudiestoday?

5.Whydoestheauthorattachsomuchimportancetohumanisticstudies?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.solvevirtuallyallexistingproblems

B.helpraisepeople’slivingstandards

C.quickenthepaceofindustrialization

D.promotethenation’ssocialprogress

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theywantedtoimprovetheirownstatuswithinthecurrenteducationsystem.

B.Theybelievedthestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudies.

C.Theycouldgetfinancialsupportfromvariousfoundationsforhumanisticstudies.

D.Theyrealizedscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheSTEMsubjectsaretoochallengingforstudentstolearn.

B.SomeAsiancountrieshaveovertakenAmericainbasicsciences.

C.AmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMdisciplines.

D.Therearenotenoughscholarsinhumanisticstudies.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Insufficientfunding

B.Shortageofdevotedfaculty

C.Shrinkingenrollment

D.Dimprospectsforgraduates

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theypromotethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.

B.Theyhelppreparestudentsfortheirprofessionalcareers.

C.Humanisticthinkinghelpsdefineourcultureandvalues.

D.Humanisticthinkinghelpscultivatestudents’creativity.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem(科學(xué)與技術(shù)似乎幾乎為所有問題提供了解決方案)。由此可知，A項(xiàng)“解決幾乎所有存在的問題”正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。第一段指出:TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld(兩次世界大戰(zhàn)和一次大蕭條動搖了許多人的信心，他們曾認(rèn)為只有科學(xué)知識才能創(chuàng)造一個繁榮有序的世界)。以及:AfterWorldWarII,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy(第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后，學(xué)術(shù)界對人文主義研究產(chǎn)生了新的熱情，這在許多學(xué)者看來是確保民主生存的最佳途徑)。由此可知，D項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)識到僅有科學(xué)和技術(shù)不能保證一個更好的世界”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines(在這些基本學(xué)科方面，美國正落后于許多其他發(fā)達(dá)國家，這個擔(dān)憂是相當(dāng)合理的)。因此C項(xiàng)“美國在STEM學(xué)科上正落后”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves(政府、基金會和學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)本身為人文學(xué)科所提供的資金都嚴(yán)重不足)。因此A項(xiàng)“資金不足”正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues(然而，也試著去想象我們的世界沒有定義我們文化和價(jià)值的引人注目的作品)。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為人文主義研究重要是因?yàn)槿宋闹髁x思想幫助定義了我們的文化和價(jià)值觀。故選C。

9.單選題

Doweneedlawsthatpreventusfromrunningriskswithourlives?Ifso,thenperhapslawsareneededprohibitingthesaleofcigarettesandalcoholicdrinks.Bothproductshavebeenknowntokillpeople.Thehazardsofdrinkingtoomuchalcoholareasbadasorworsethanthehazardsofsmokingtoomanycigarettes.Allrightthen,let’spassalawclosingtheliquorstoresandthebarsinthiscountry.Let’sputanendonceandforalltotheruinousdiseasefromwhichasmanyas10millionAmericanscurrentlysufferalcoholism.

Butwait,we’vealreadytriedthat.For13years,between1920and1933,therewerenoliquorstoresanywhereintheUnitedStates.TheywereshutdownabolishedbyanamendmenttotheConstitution(the18th)andbyalawofCongress(theVolsteadAct).AfterJanuary20,1920,therewassupposedtobenomoremanufacturing,selling,ortransportingof“intoxicatingliquor”.Withoutanymoreliquor,peoplecouldnotdrinkit,andiftheydidnotdrinkit,howcouldtheygetdrunk?Therewouldbenomoredangerstothepublicwelfarefromdrunkennessandalcoholism.Itwasallverylogical.Andyetprohibitionofliquor,beer,andwinedidnotwork.Why?

Because,lawornolaw,millionsofpeoplestilllikedtodrinkalcohol.Andtheywerewillingtotakerisksofgettingit.Theywerenotabouttochangetheirtastesandhabitsjustbecauseofachangeinthelaw.Andgangsofliquorsmugglersmadeiteasytobuyanillegaldrink.TheysmuggledmillionsofgallonsoftheoutlawedbeveragesacrosstheCanadianandMexicanboarders.DrinkerswereluckytoknowofanillegalbarthatservedMexicanorCanadianliquor.Crimeanddrunkennesswerebothsupposedtodeclineasaresultofprohibition;insteadpeopledrankmorealcoholthanever—oftenpoisonedalcohol.

OnDecember5,1933,theyrepealedprohibitionbyratifyingthe21stAmendmenttotheConstitution.

1.WhichofthefollowingwasNotacharacteristicreasonfortheproposalofthe18thAmendmenttotheConstitutionandtheVolsteadAct?

2.Duringprohibition,illegalalcoholwas（）

3.Whenenactingtheprohibitionlaws,people（）

4.Whenenactingtheprohibitionlaws,governmentofficialsassumedthat（）

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therewouldbenofurtherdangertothepublicfromalcoholism.

B.Therewouldbeariseinthecostofalcoholicbeverages.

C.Withoutliquor,peoplewouldnotdrink.

D.Peoplewouldn’tbecomedrunkorcreateapublicnuisance.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.soldopenly

B.nolongeratemptation

C.amajorfactorinthepassageoftheVolsteadAct

D.broughtacrosstheMexicanandCanadianborders

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.livedinfearofthelaw

B.werewillingtoriskofarrestingforthepleasureofliquor

C.recklesslyendangeredtheircommunities

D.wererespectfulofthelegalsanctionsplacedonthem

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.everyAmericanwouldbuyalcoholillegally

B.allcriminalactivitieswouldcease

C.patrolsoftheCanadianborderwouldhaltthesaleofalcohol

D.thesocialthreatfromdrunkennesswoulddecline

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theCongresswaswisetorepealprohibition

B.theprohibitionwascharacterizedbyadecreaseincrimeanddrunkenness

C.duringprohibition,mostAmericansstopdrinking

D.lawsshouldbepassedtobanthesaleofalcoholbeverage

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,選項(xiàng)A、C、D在本段均有提及,只有選項(xiàng)B沒有提及。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的第五句“TheysmuggledmillionsofgallonsoftheoutlawedbeveragesacrosstheCanadianandMexicanboarders.”可知,非法酒類是通過墨西哥及加拿大的邊境走私而來的,所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的一二句“l(fā)awornolaw,millionsofpeoplestilllikedtodrinkalcohol.Andtheywerewillingtotakerisksofgettingit.”選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“Crimeanddrunkennesswerebothsupposedtodeclineasaresultofprohibition；”禁酒的結(jié)果本應(yīng)該是減少犯罪和酗酒。由此推斷官員推行禁酒是希望酗酒對社會的威脅會有所下降,選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“peopledrankmorealcoholthanever—oftenpoisonedalcohol.”有了禁令之后,人們喝得比以前更多了。因此在1933年12月5日廢除了禁令,這一做法是明智的,選項(xiàng)A正確。

10.單選題

Ifyouwanttoteachyourchildrenhowtosaysorry,youmustbegoodatsayingityourself,especiallytoyourownchildren.Buthowyousayitcanbequitetricky.

Ifyousaytoyourchildren"I'msorryIgotangrywithyou,but..."whatfollowsthat"but"canrendertheapologyineffective:"Ihadabadday"or"yournoisewasgivingmeaheadache"leavesthepersonwhohasbeeninjuredfeelingthatheshould-beapologizingforhisbadbehaviorinexpectinganapology.

Anothermethodbywhichpeopleappeartoapologizewithoutactuallydoingsoistosay"I'msorryyou'reupset";thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone.

Thenthereisthegeneral,allcoveringapology,whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting,andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain.Saying"I'muselessasaparent"doesnotcommitapersontoanyspecificimprovement.

Thesepseudo-apologiesareusedbypeoplewhobelievesayingsorryshowsweakness.Parentswhowishtoteachtheirchildrentoapologizeshouldseeitasasignofstrength,andthereforenotresorttothesepseudo-apologies.

Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition,childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry.Athree-year-oldmightneedhelpinunderstandingthatotherchildren,feelpainjustashedoes,andthathittingaplaymateovertheheadwithaheavytoyrequiresanapology.Asix-year-oldmightneedremindingthatspoilingotherchildren'sexpectationscanrequireanapology.A12-year-olclmightneedtobeshownthatraidingthebiscuittinwithoutaskingpermissionisacceptable,butthatborrowingaparent'sclotheswithoutpermissionisnot.

1.Ifamotheradds"but"toanapology,（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,saying"I'msorryyou'reupset"mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Itisnotadvisabletousethegeneral,all-coveringapologybecause（）.

4.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinteachingchildrentosaysorry（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatapologizingproperlyis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shedoesn'tfeelthatsheshouldhaveapologized

B.shedoesnotrealizethatthechildhasbeenhurt

C.thechildmayfindtheapologyeasiertoaccept

D.thechildmayfeelthat,heowesheranapology

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Youhavegoodreasontogetupset

B.I'mawareyou'reupset,butI'mnottoblame

C.Iapologizeforhurtingyourfeelings

D.I’matfaultformakingyouupset

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itgetsoneintothehabitofmakingemptypromises

B.itmaymaketheotherpersonfeelguilty

C.itisvagueandineffective

D.itishurtfulandinsulting

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thecomplexitiesinvolvedshouldbeignored

B.theiragesshouldbetakenintoaccount

C.parentsneedtosetthemagoodexample

D.parentsshouldbepatientandtolerant

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.asocialissuecallingforimmediateattention

B.notnecessaryamongfamilymembers

C.asignofsocialprogress

D.notassimpleasitseems

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段"Ifyousaytoyourchildren"I'msorryIgotangrywithyou,but..."whatfollowsthat"but"canrendertheapologyineffective:"Ihadabadday"or"yournoisewasgivingmeaheadache"leavesthepersonwhohasbeeninjuredfeelingthatheshould-beapologizingforhisbadbehaviorinexpectinganapology."可知如果在道歉后加了"but"，那么會使那個受傷的人感覺為了得到別人的道歉，他得先為自己不好的行為道歉。與D項(xiàng)“這個孩子可能會覺得他欠他媽媽一個道歉”相符。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段"I'msorryyou'reupset";thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone."如果這樣道歉——“我很抱歉你生氣了”;這表明你在某種程度上是錯誤的，因?yàn)槟阕屪约罕粍e人的所作所為弄得心煩意亂?！庇纱丝芍狼溉似鋵?shí)并沒有真正地道歉，而是認(rèn)為別人是由于自己的原因而心情不好。與B項(xiàng)相符。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段"Saying"I'muselessasaparent"doesnotcommitapersontoanyspecificimprovement."如果家長道歉說“我是個沒用的家長”并不能讓一個人得到任何具體的改善。可知用這種道歉方法是無效的。故C項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition,childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry.Athree-year-oldmightneedhelpinunderstandingthatotherchildren,feelpainjustashedoes,andthathittingaplaymateovertheheadwithaheavytoyrequiresanapology.Asix-year-oldmightneedremindingthatspoilingotherchildren'sexpectationscanrequireanapology.A12-year-olclmightneedtobeshownthatraidingthebiscuittinwithoutaskingpermissionisacceptable,butthatborrowingaparent'sclotheswithoutpermissionisnot.但是，即使孩子們看到了真誠悔過的例子，他們?nèi)匀恍枰獛椭鷣硎蛊湟庾R到道歉的復(fù)雜性。一個三歲的孩子可能需要幫助來理解其他孩子也像他一樣感到疼痛，用沉重的玩具打玩伴的頭需要道歉。一個六歲的孩子可能需要被提醒，辜負(fù)其他孩子的期望可能需要道歉。一個12歲的孩子可能需要被告知，未經(jīng)許可就亂翻餅干罐是可以接受的，但未經(jīng)許可就借父母的衣服就不行。最后一段舉例講述了不同年齡段的孩子都需要不同程度的提醒或告誡來使其意識到道歉的復(fù)雜性。故B項(xiàng)“在教小孩子道歉時(shí)應(yīng)考慮他們的年齡?！闭_。

5.判斷推理題。全文介紹了幾種偽道歉，最后總結(jié)這幾種道歉方式是無效的，并且提醒讀者教小孩道歉要考慮到他們的年齡。由此可見恰當(dāng)?shù)牡狼覆]有看起來那么簡單。A項(xiàng)“合理道歉是需要立即關(guān)注的社會問題”文中未提及；B項(xiàng)“合理道歉在家庭成員中不必要”與文中提到的“A12-year-olclmightneedtobeshownthatraidingthebiscuittinwithoutaskingpermissionisacceptable,butthatborrowingaparent'sclotheswithoutpermissionisnot.”不符；C項(xiàng)“合理道歉是社會進(jìn)步的標(biāo)志”與文中內(nèi)容無關(guān)。故答案D

11.單選題

Thetechniqueprovidesmoredetailedinformationaboutsubtledifferencesingeneactivity（）withcancer-causingpathways.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.coupled

B.stained

C.associated

D.integrated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項(xiàng)couple“結(jié)合，連接”，couplewith表示“與……相結(jié)合，伴隨”；B項(xiàng)stain“污染，玷污”，stainwith表示“用……染色”；C項(xiàng)associate“聯(lián)想，關(guān)聯(lián)”，associatewith表示“聯(lián)合，與……聯(lián)系在一起”；D項(xiàng)integrate“使……完整；使……成整體”，integratewith表示“使與……結(jié)合”。把四個選項(xiàng)分別代入句子中，可知只有C項(xiàng)符合。句意：這項(xiàng)技術(shù)提供了有關(guān)致癌途徑中基因活性細(xì)微差異的更詳細(xì)信息。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

We’dbetter（）ourwatchesifweallwanttobethereatthesametime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.harmonize

B.synchronize

C.symbolize

D.systematize

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果我們都想在同樣的吋間到達(dá)那里，那么我們最好讓我們手表的時(shí)間一致。

考查動詞辨析。harmonize使和諧，以和聲唱；synchronize（使）同步，在吋間上一致，同速進(jìn)行；symbolize象征，用符號表現(xiàn)；systematize使系統(tǒng)化，使組織化。故選B。

13.單選題

Veryyoungchildrenwithnoreadingexperiencemayastoundtheirparentswiththefirstwordstheyread,suchasadepartmentstoresignannouncingBigSale.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amaze

B.please

C.convey

D.bother

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。astound表示“使驚駭，使震驚”；A項(xiàng)amaze“使吃驚”，B項(xiàng)please“使喜歡，使高興，使?jié)M意”，C項(xiàng)convey“傳達(dá)，運(yùn)輸，讓與”，D項(xiàng)bother“煩擾，打擾，使……不安”。句意：沒有閱讀經(jīng)驗(yàn)的幼兒第一次讀到的單詞可能會讓他們的父母感到震驚，比如百貨商店的招牌上寫著“大減價(jià)”。因此，根據(jù)句意可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours’sleepalternatingwithsome16-17hours’wakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.

Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek,apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.

Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.

Thelattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehourofwakefulnessandlowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasbasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

1.Whyisthequestionof“howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight”notamereacademicquestion?

2.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin.

3.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-hourworkingsystemseemstobe.

4.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.

B.Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.

C.Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.

D.Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleepinghabits.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroductionofautomation

B.thedisturbanceofdailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequently

C.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective

D.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals

B.tohavelongershifts

C.toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonly

D.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.bodytemperaturechangeswhenthecycleofsleepandwakefulnessalternates

B.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback

C.thetemper