考研考博-英語(yǔ)-東莞理工學(xué)院城市學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-東莞理工學(xué)院城市學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Nationalandinternational（）isindispensableifvictoryistobeachieved.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sociology

B.isolation

C.solidarity

D.solo

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sociologyn.社會(huì)學(xué)；B選項(xiàng)isolationn.隔離，孤立；C選項(xiàng)solidarityn.團(tuán)結(jié)，團(tuán)結(jié)一致；D選項(xiàng)solon.獨(dú)奏，獨(dú)唱曲。句意：如果要取得勝利，國(guó)家和國(guó)際力量的團(tuán)結(jié)必不可少。因此只有C項(xiàng)符合句意和搭配。

2.單選題

Thetorchwas（）byafamousathleteattheopeningofthesportsmeeting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deceived

B.ignited

C.implemented

D.designated

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deceive“欺騙,行騙”;ignite“點(diǎn)燃,使燃燒”;implement“實(shí)施,執(zhí)行”;designate“指定,指派”。句意:在運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)開(kāi)幕式上火炬由一名著名的運(yùn)動(dòng)員點(diǎn)燃。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

3.翻譯題

小班上課要求學(xué)生參與討論，因此他們不再被動(dòng)聽(tīng)課。在與老師和同學(xué)進(jìn)行學(xué)術(shù)交流時(shí)，他們的能力大幅度提高。這種交流有助于教師在考試前了解學(xué)生掌握了哪些知識(shí)，因此能提高自己的教學(xué)質(zhì)量。這樣的課程需要教師們精力充沛、富有想象、認(rèn)真思考，所有這一切可能令人身心疲憊，但卻能促使學(xué)生對(duì)自己的學(xué)業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)。

【答案】Smallclassesrequirestudentstoparticipateindiscussions,sotheynolongerlistenpassively.Theirabilitiesaregreatlyimprovedinacademicexchangeswithteachersandclassmates.Thiskindofcommunicationhelpsteacherstoknowwhatstudentshavemasteredbeforetheexam,thusimprovingthequalityoftheirteaching.Suchcoursesrequireenergetic,imaginativeandthoughtfulteachers,allofwhichcanbeexhausting,butcanmakestudentstakeresponsibilityfortheirstudies.

4.單選題

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewill（）totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confine

B.conform

C.confront

D.confirm

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在任何特定文化中的絕大多數(shù)人將遵守那種文化己確立的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。confine限制，限定，禁閉，confineto只限于，關(guān)在…里面；conform使遵守，使—致，使順從，conformto符合，遵守;confront（為及物動(dòng)詞，其后可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)）使…無(wú)法回避，降臨于，處理，面對(duì)；confirm（為及物動(dòng)詞，其后可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)）確認(rèn)，證實(shí)?？崭衽c介詞to的賓語(yǔ)standards(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)),因此B無(wú)論從語(yǔ)義還是搭配上都符合題干要求。

5.單選題

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Textinghaslongbeenbemoaned(哀嘆)asthedownfallofthewrittenword,“penmanshipforilliterates,”asonecriticcalledit.TowhichtheproperresponseisLOL.Textingproperlyisn’twritingatall.It’sa“spoken”languagethatisgettingricherandmorecomplexbytheyear.

First,somehistoricalperspective.Writingwasonlyinvented5,500yearsago,whereaslanguageprobablytracesbackatleast80,000years.Thustalkingcamefirst;wringisjustacraftthatcamealonglater.Assuch,thefirstwritingwasbasedonthewaypeopletalk,withshortsentences.However,whiletalkingislargelysubconsciousandrapid,writingisdeliberateandslow.Overtime,writerstookadvantageofthisandstartedcraftinglong-windedsentencessuchasthisone:“Thewholeengagementlastedabove12hours,tillthegradualretreatofthePersianswaschangedintoadisorderlyflight,ofwhichtheshamefulexamplewasgivenbytheprincipalleadersand…”

Noonetalkslikethatcasually—orshould.Butitisnaturaltodesiretodosoforspecialoccasions.Intheolddays,wedidn’tmuchwriteliketalkingbecausetherewasnomechanismtoreproducethespeedofconversation.Buttextingandinstantmessagingdo—andarevolutionhasbegun.Itinvolvesthecrudemechanicsofwriting,butinitseconomy,spontaneityandevenvulgarity,textingisactuallyanewkindoftalking,withitsownkindofgrammarandconventions.

TakeLOL.Itdoesn’tactuallymean“l(fā)aughingoutloud”inaliteralsenseanymore.LOLhasevolvedintosomethingmuchsubtlerandsophisticatedandisusedevenwhennothingisremotelyamusing.Joeelyntexts“Wherehaveyoubeen?”andAnnabelletextsback“LOLatthelibrarystudyingfortwohours.”LOLsignalbasicempathy(同感)betweentexters,easingtensionandcreatingasenseofequality.Insteadofhavingaliteralmeaning,itdoessomething—conveyinganattitude—justlikethe-edendingconveyspasttenseratherthan“meaning”anything.LOL,ofallthings,isgrammar.

Ofcoursenoonethinksaboutthatconsciously.Butthenmostofcommunicationoperateswithoutbeingnoticed.Overtime,themeaningofawordoranexpressiondrifts—meatusedtomeananykindoffood,sillyusedtomean,believeitornot,blessed.

Civilization,then,isfine—peoplebangingawayontheirsmartphonesarefluentlyusingacodeseparatefromtheonetheyuseinactualwriting,andthereisnoevidencethattextingisruiningcompositionskills.Worldwidepeoplespeakdifferentlyfromthewaytheywrite,andtexting—quick,casualandonlyintendedtobereadonce—isactuallyawayoftalkingwithyourfingers.

16.Whatdocriticssayabouttexting?

17.Inwhatwaydoestheauthorsaywritingisdifferentfromtalking?

18.WhyisLOLmuchusedintexting?

19.Exampleslikemeatandsillyarecitedtoshow（）.

20.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftexting?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itismainlyconfinedtoyoungsters.

B.Itcompeteswithtraditionalwriting.

C.Itwillruinthewrittenlanguage.

D.Itisoftenhardtounderstand.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itiscraftedwithspecificskills.

B.Itexpressesideasmoreaccurately.

C.Itdoesnothaveaslongahistory.

D.Itisnotaseasytocomprehend.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itbringstextersclosertoeachother.

B.Itshowsthetexter’ssophistication.

C.Itisatrendywaytocommunicate.

D.Itaddstothehumorofthetext.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedifferencebetweenwritingandtalking

B.howdifferentlywordsareusedintexting

C.whypeopleusethewordsthewaytheydo

D.thegradualchangeofwordmeaning

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itfacilitatesexchangeofideasamongpeople.

B.Itisanewformofverbalcommunication.

C.Itdeterioratespeople’scompositionskills.

D.Ithastensthedeclineofthewrittenword.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】16、【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“critics”定位到文章的第一段第一句話“Textinghaslongbeenbemoanedasthedownfallofthewrittenword,“penmanshipforilliterates,”asonecriticcalledit”（長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)，短信一直被認(rèn)為是書(shū)面文字的衰落，一位評(píng)論家稱它為“文盲的書(shū)法”）。選項(xiàng)C“它會(huì)破壞了書(shū)面語(yǔ)言”對(duì)應(yīng)這句話中的thedownfallofthewrittenword。A、B、D與評(píng)論家的說(shuō)法無(wú)關(guān)，所以排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“writingisdifferentfromtalking”可定位到第二段第五句話“However,whiletalkingislargelysubconsciousandrapid,writingisdeliberateandslow”（然而，說(shuō)話很大程度上是潛意識(shí)的、快速的，而寫(xiě)作則是深思熟慮的、緩慢的）可知deliberate這個(gè)詞來(lái)看，與B選項(xiàng)表達(dá)中的accurately最接近，所以最佳選項(xiàng)為B選項(xiàng)。A、D選項(xiàng)在文中沒(méi)有相關(guān)表述；C選項(xiàng)關(guān)于寫(xiě)作的歷史第二段開(kāi)頭可知，寫(xiě)作是位于談話之后的，歷史也是很長(zhǎng)的，所以排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18、【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“LOL”我們定位到文章中第四段第五句話“LOLsignalbasicempathy(同感)betweentexters,easingtensionandcreatingasenseofequality”（LOL代表了發(fā)信息的人之間基本的同感，以及緩和緊張氣氛和找到公平的感覺(jué)）可知那么“同感”就對(duì)應(yīng)著選項(xiàng)A中的closertoeachother，即讓人與人之間的距離更近。所以最佳選項(xiàng)為A選項(xiàng)。LOL一開(kāi)始的字面意義為“笑出來(lái)了”，甚至在沒(méi)什么好玩的時(shí)候也會(huì)使用它，但沒(méi)有關(guān)于其幽默的表述，所以排除D選項(xiàng)；B、C選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有原文依據(jù)，所以排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

19、【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“meatandsilly”可定位到第五段第三句話“Overtime,themeaningofawordoranexpressiondrifts—meatusedtomeananykindoffood,sillyusedtomean,believeitornot,blessed”（隨著時(shí)間的推移，一個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)的含義也在不斷變化——meat被用來(lái)表示任何一種食物，silly被用來(lái)表示，信不信由你，上天保佑）可知這是個(gè)舉例，而其觀點(diǎn)在前面部分，即“themeaningofawordoranexpressiondrifts”所以meatandsilly顯示出了詞語(yǔ)意義的變化。Drift對(duì)應(yīng)著D選項(xiàng)中的change。A、B、C均不符合題意，所以排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

20、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段最后一句話“It’sa‘spoken’languagethatisgettingricherandmorecomplexbytheyear”（這是一種“口語(yǔ)”語(yǔ)言，它正變得越來(lái)越豐富和復(fù)雜）以及最后一段最后一句話“Worldwidepeoplespeakdifferentlyfromthewaytheywrite,andtexting—quick,casualandonlyintendedtobereadonce—isactuallyawayoftalkingwithyourfingers”（世界各地的人們說(shuō)話的方式和書(shū)寫(xiě)的方式大不相同。短信——快速、隨意、只供閱讀一次的短信——其實(shí)是用手指在說(shuō)話）可知這兩句話都處于文章表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的段落，表達(dá)的意思為它是一種新的語(yǔ)言交流形式，和B選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成同義的關(guān)系。所以最佳選項(xiàng)是B選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“它促進(jìn)了人們之間思想的交流”在文中有提及，但不能概括全篇內(nèi)容；C選項(xiàng)說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，文中提到?jīng)]有證據(jù)表明短信正在破壞寫(xiě)作技巧；D選項(xiàng)體現(xiàn)在本文第一句，但是不是作者的想法，所以排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecoverysystems.These-systemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity,where,highratesofheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformofgeysersandhotsprings.Inotherareas,however,hotrockalsoexistsnearthesurfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceeruptivephenomena.Thusapotentialhotdryrock(HDR)reservoirexistswhenevertheamountofspontaneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexistingcommercialsystems.

Asaresultoftherecentenergycrisis,newconceptsforcreatingHDRrecoverysystems—whichinvolvedrillingholesandconnectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebeingdeveloped.InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDR’s,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.

TheHDRresourcebaseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150℃,isatdepthslessthantenkilometers,andcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailableequipment.Althoughwellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnicallyfeasible,prevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslydeterminethecommercialfeasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas100°Cmaybeusefulforspaceheating;however,forproducingelectricity,temperaturesgreaterthan200°Caredesirable.

Thegeothermalgradient,whichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreachadesiredtemperature,isamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermalresources.TemperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperaturedepthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.(Therearemanyareas,however,forwhichnotemperaturegradientrecordsexist.)

IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoatenkilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.Ifweconservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2percentisrecoverable,wefindatotalthatiscomparabletotheestimatedresourcebaseofallthecoalremainingintheUnitedStates.Theremainingproblemistobalancetheeconomicsofdeeper,hotter,morecostlywellsandshallower,cooler,lessexpensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproduct,electricityand/orheat.

8.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

9.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina（）.

10.Accordingtopassage,anaveragegeothermalgradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthcanbeusedto（）.

11.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheavailabilityoftemperature-depthrecordsforanyspecificareasintheUnitedStatesdependsprimarilyonthe（）.

12.Accordingtothepassage,inallHDRrecoverysystemsfluidwillbenecessaryinordertoallow（）.

13.Accordingtothepassage,iftheaveragegeothermalgradientinanarea22°Cperkilometerofdepth,whichofthefollowingcanbereliablypredicted?

I.Thetemperatureatthebaseofa10-kilometerwellwillbesufficientfortheproductionofelectricity.

II.Drillingofwellsdeeperthan10kilometerswillbeeconomicallyfeasible.

III.Insufficientwaterispresenttoproduceemotivephenomena.

14.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alertreaderstotheexistenceofHDRsasanavailableenergysource

B.documentthechallengesthathavebeensurmountedintheefforttorecoverenergyfromHDRs

C.warntheusersofcoalandoilthatHDRsarenotaneconomicallyfeasiblealternative

D.encouragetheuseofnewtechniquesfortherecoveryofenergyfromundergroundhotwaterandsteam

E.urgeconsumerstodemandquickerdevelopmentofHDRresourcesfortheproductionofenergy

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.petrologicalresearchreportfocusedonthehistoryoftemperature-depthrecordsintheUnitedStates

B.congressionalreporturgingtheconservationofoilandnaturalgasresentsintheUnitedStates

C.technicaljournalarticleconcernedwiththerecoverabilityofnewlyidentifiedenergysources

D.consumerreportdescribingtheextentandaccessibilityofremainingcoalresources

E.pamphletdesignedtointroducehomeownerstotheadvantagesofHDRspace-heatingsystems

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.balancetheeconomicsofHDRenergyretrievalagainstthatofundergroundhotwaterorsteamrecoverysystems

B.determinetheamountofenergythatwillbeusedforspaceheatingintheUnitedStates

C.providecomparisonsbetweenhotwaterandHDRenergysourcesintheUnitedStates

D.revisetheestimatesontheextentofremainingcoalresourcesintheUnitedStates

E.estimatethetotalHDRresourcebaseinUnitedStates

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.possibilitythatHDR’smaybefoundinthatarea

B.existenceofpreviousattemptstoobtainoilorgasinthatarea

C.historyofsuccessfulhotwaterorsteamrecoveryeffortsinthatarea

D.failureofinhabitantstoconserveoilorgasreservesinthatarea

E.useofcoalasasubstituteforoilorgasinthatarea

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.sufficientpermeability

B.artificialsimulation

C.drillingofholes

D.constructionofreservoirs

E.transferofheat

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Ionly

B.IIonly

C.IandIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

E.I,IIandIII

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.EnergyfromWaterSources:TheFeasibilityofCommercialSystems

B.GeothermalEnergyRetrieval:VolcanicActivityandHotDryRocks

C.EnergyUnderground:GeothermalSourcesGiveWaytoFossilFuels

D.TappableEnergyforAmerica’sFuture:HotDryRocks

E.HighGeothermalGradientsintheUnitedStates:MythorReality?

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:E

第6題:A

第7題:D

【解析】8.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】作者意圖題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：提醒讀者HDRs作為一種可用能源的存在；B：列舉在從HDRs中恢復(fù)能源的努力中所克服的挑戰(zhàn)；C：警告煤炭和石油的用戶，HDRs在經(jīng)濟(jì)上不是可行的替代品；D：鼓勵(lì)使用從地下熱水和蒸汽中回收能源的新技術(shù)；E：敦促消費(fèi)者要求更快開(kāi)發(fā)用于能源生產(chǎn)的HDR資源。本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者第一段提出了潛在的干熱巖（HDR）油藏，第二段提出了HDR開(kāi)采系統(tǒng)的新概念，后面則指出了一些限制性問(wèn)題，如技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)因素以及地溫梯度等，最后一段指出HDR的資源基礎(chǔ)非常大并且列舉了一些問(wèn)題：剩下的問(wèn)題是如何平衡深、熱、高成本井和淺、冷、低成本井的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，以及最終產(chǎn)品、電或熱的價(jià)值，因此B項(xiàng)“列舉在從HDRs中恢復(fù)能源的努力中所克服的挑戰(zhàn)”正確。

9.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：專注于美國(guó)溫度深度記錄的歷史的巖石學(xué)研究報(bào)告；B：敦促美國(guó)保護(hù)石油和天然氣的國(guó)會(huì)報(bào)告；C：關(guān)于新發(fā)現(xiàn)能源的可回收性的技術(shù)期刊文章；D：描述剩余煤炭資源的范圍和可及性的消費(fèi)者報(bào)告；E：為向業(yè)主介紹HDR空間供暖系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)而設(shè)計(jì)的小冊(cè)子。本文旨在提醒讀者HDR可作為可利用能源，并列舉了在從HDRs中恢復(fù)能源的努力中所克服的挑戰(zhàn)，所以，這篇文章可能出現(xiàn)在C項(xiàng)“關(guān)于新發(fā)現(xiàn)能源的可回收性的技術(shù)期刊”上。

10.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：平衡HDR能源回收與地下熱水或蒸汽回收系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性；B：確定在美國(guó)將用于空間供暖的能量；C：對(duì)美國(guó)的熱水和HDR能源提供比較；D：更正對(duì)美國(guó)剩余煤炭資源范圍的估計(jì)；E：估計(jì)美國(guó)HDR資源總量。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“averagegeothermalgradientof22°vperkilometerofdepth”定位至最后一段：IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22°nperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoaten-kilometerdepthintheUnitedStates（跡象表明，HDR的能源庫(kù)巨大。如果按每公里深度的地?zé)崽荻绕骄鶠?2攝氏度計(jì)算，美國(guó)10公里深的地殼巖石中含有總能量驚人的13000000萬(wàn)億B.T.U.），因此D項(xiàng)“estimatethetotalHDRresourcebase（估計(jì)美國(guó)HDR資源總量）”符合文意。

11.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：在那個(gè)地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)HDR的可能性；B：以前曾在該地區(qū)獲取石油或天然氣的嘗試；C：該地區(qū)熱水或蒸汽回收工作的成功歷史；D：那個(gè)地區(qū)的居民沒(méi)有保存石油或天然氣儲(chǔ)備；E：在那個(gè)地區(qū)使用煤作為石油或天然氣的替代品。第四段指出：“TemperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperaturedepthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates（由美國(guó)石油地質(zhì)學(xué)家協(xié)會(huì)保存的油氣井溫度-深度記錄生成的溫度梯度圖表明可開(kāi)發(fā)的高溫梯度分布在美國(guó)各地）”。因此B項(xiàng)“以前曾在該地區(qū)獲取石油或天然氣的嘗試”符合文意。

12.【試題答案】E

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：足夠的滲透率；B：人工刺激；C：鉆孔；D：水庫(kù)建設(shè)；E：熱傳遞。由題干關(guān)鍵詞fluid定位至第二段：InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDR’s,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock（在所有試圖從HDR中回收能量的嘗試中，都需要人工增產(chǎn)來(lái)創(chuàng)造足夠的滲透性或有邊界的流動(dòng)路徑，以便通過(guò)巖石表面的流體循環(huán)來(lái)清除熱量），由此可知，流體是用來(lái)散除熱量的，故選E項(xiàng)。

13.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞averagegeothermalgradientinanarea22°Cperkilometerofdepth定位至第五段。這一段講HDR的resourcebase（資源儲(chǔ)量）非常大，然后用22℃的情況對(duì)能源進(jìn)行估計(jì)（說(shuō)明能源很多）。最后一句說(shuō)，remainingproblem剩下的問(wèn)題是如何平衡深、熱、高成本井和淺、冷、低成本井的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，以及最終產(chǎn)品、電或熱的價(jià)值。再看選項(xiàng)：

I根據(jù)這段內(nèi)容，言下之意energy充足，發(fā)電完全可能（剩下唯一需要考慮的是投入成本），正確。

II因?yàn)檫€有投入成本需要考慮，當(dāng)然不是economicallyfeasible，不對(duì)。

III這一段沒(méi)提到，直接排除。

因此，答案選A項(xiàng)。

14.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：A：水源能源：商業(yè)系統(tǒng)的可行性；B：地?zé)崮茉椿厥眨夯鹕交顒?dòng)和干熱巖石；C：地下能源：地?zé)豳Y源被化石燃料取代；D：美國(guó)未來(lái)的可開(kāi)發(fā)能源：干熱巖石；E：美國(guó)地?zé)崽荻雀撸簜髡f(shuō)還是現(xiàn)實(shí)？本文講述了HDR能源在美國(guó)的發(fā)現(xiàn)及應(yīng)用前景，通篇的關(guān)鍵詞為HDR。D項(xiàng)“美國(guó)未來(lái)的可開(kāi)發(fā)能源：干熱巖石”最適合做文章的標(biāo)題。

7.單選題

Sitdown,straightenyourlegsand______yourfeet.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suffocate

B.flex

C.inflate

D.affront

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.suffocate壓制，阻礙B.flex屈伸，活動(dòng)（四肢或肌肉，尤指為準(zhǔn)備體力活動(dòng)）

C.inflate膨脹，充氣D.affront冒犯，侮辱

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】由句子意思“坐下，伸直你的雙腿，______你的雙腳”可知，端正地坐下來(lái)，自然是伸直雙腿收縮雙腳，因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)都不符合句意。

【句意】坐下來(lái)，伸直雙腿，收縮雙腳。

8.單選題

Thefirstmistakeistothinkofmankindasathinginitself.Itisn’t.Itispartofanintricateweboflife.Andwecan’tthinkevenoflifeasathinginitself.Itisn’t.ItispartoftheintricatestructureofaplanetbathedbyenergyfromtheSun.

TheEarth,inthenearly5billionyearssinceitassumedapproximatelyitspresentform,hasundergoneavastevolution.Whenitfirstcameintobeing,itverylikelylackedwhatwewouldtodaycallanoceanandanatmosphere.Thesewereformedbythegradualoutwardmovementofmaterialasthesolidinteriorsettledtogether.

Norwereocean,atmosphere,andsolidcrustindependentofeachotherafterformation.Thereisinteractionalways:evaporation,condensation,solution,weathering.Farwithinthesolidcrustthereareslow,continuingchanges,too,ofwhichhotsprings,volcanoes,andearth-quakesarethemorenoticeablemanifestationshereonthesurface.

Between2billionand3billionyearsago,portionsofthesurfacewater,bathedbytheenergeticradiationfromtheSun,developedcomplicatedcompoundsinorganizationsufficientlyversatiletoqualifyaswhatwecall“l(fā)ife”.Lifeformshavebecomemorecomplexandmorevariouseversince.

ButthelifeformsareasmuchpartofthestructureoftheEarthasanyinanimateportionis.Itisallaninseparablepartofawhole.Ifanyanimalisisolatedtotallyfromotherformsoflife,thendeathbystarvationwillsurelyfollow.Ifisolatedfromwater,deathbyasphyxiationwillfollowstillfaster.IfisolatedfromtheSun,animalswillsurviveforatime,butplantswoulddie,andifallplantsdied,allanimalwouldstarve.

Itworksinreverse,too,fortheinanimateportionofEarthisshapedandmoldedbylife.Thenatureoftheatmospherehasbeenchangedbyplantactivity(whichaddstotheairthefreeoxygenitcouldnototherwiseretain).Thesoilisturnedbyearthworms,whileenormousoceanreefsareformedbycoral.

Theentireplanet,plussolarenergy,isoneenormousintricatelyinterrelatedsystem.Theentireplanetisalifeformmadeupofnonlivingportionsandalargevarietyoflivingportions(asourownbodyismadeupofnonlivingcrystalsinbonesandnonlivingwaterinblood,aswellasofalargevarietyoflivingportions).

Infact,wecanpursuetheanalogy.Amanisof50trillioncellsofavarietyoftypes,allinterrelatedandinterdependent.Lossofsomeofthosecells,suchasthosemakingupanentire,willseriouslyhandicapalltherestoftheorganism:seriousdamagetoarelativelyfewcellsinanorgan,suchastheheartorkidneys,mayendbykillingall50trillion.

Inthesameway,onplanetaryscale,thechoppingdownofanentireforestmaynotthreatenEarth’slifeingeneral,butitwillproduceseriouschangesinthelifeformsoftheregionandeveninthenatureofthewaterrunoffand,therefore,inthedetailsofgeologicalstructure.Aseriousdeclineinthebeepopulationwillaffectthenumbersofthoseplantsthatdependonbeesforfertilization,thenthenumbersofthoseanimalsthatdependonthoseparticularbee-fertilizedplants,andsoon.

Orconsidercellgrowth.Cellsinthoseorgansthatsufferconstantwearandtear—asintheskinorintheintestinallining—growandmultiplyalllifelong.Othercells,notsoexposed,asinnerveandmuscle,donotmultiplyatallintheadult,underanycircumstances.Stillotherorgans,ordinarilyquiescent,asliverandbone,standreadytogrowifthatisnecessarytoreplacedamage.Whentheproperrepairsaremade,growthstops.

Inamuchlooserandmoreflexibleway,thesameistrueofdie“planetorganism”(whichwestudyinthesciencecalledecology).Ifcougarsgrowtoonumerous,thedeertheyliveonaredecimated,andsomeofthecougarsdieofstarvation,sothattheir“propernumber”isrestored.Iftoomanycougarsdie,thendeermultiplywithparticularrapidity,andcougarsmultiplyquicklyinturn,tilltheadditionalpredatorsbringdownthenumberofdeeragain.Barringinterferencefromoutside,theeatersandtheeatenretaintheirpropernumbers,andbotharethebetterforit.

Theneateconomyofgrowthwithinanorganismsuchasahumanbeingissometimes—forwhatreason,weknownot—disrupted,andagroupofcellsbeginsgrowingwithoutlimit.Thisisthedreaddiseaseofcancer,andunlessthatgrowinggroupofcellsissomehowstopped,thewildgrowthwillthrowallthebodystructureoutoftrueandendbykillingtheorganismitself.

Inecology,thesamewouldhappeningif,forsomereason,oneparticulartypeoforganismbegantomultiplywithoutlimit,killingitscompetitorsandincreasingitsownfoodsupplyattheexpenseofthatofothers.That,too,couldendinthedestructionofthelargersystem—mostoralloflifeandevenofcertainaspectsoftheinanimateenvironment.

Andthisisexactlywhatishappeningatthismoment.Forthousandsofyears,thesinglespeciesHomosapiens,towhichyouandIhavethedubioushonorofbelonging,hasbeenincreasinginnumbers.Inthepastcoupleofcenturies,therateofincreasehasitselfincreasedexplosively.

AtthetimeofJuliusCaesar,whenEarth’shumanpopulationisestimatedtohavebeen150million,thatpopulationwasincreasingatratethatitwoulddoublein1000yearsifthatrateremainedsteady.Today,withEarth’spopulationestimatedatabout4000million,itisincreasingataratewhich,ifsteady,willcauseittodoublein35years.

ThepresentrateofincreaseofEarth’sswarminghumanpopulationqualifiesasanecologicalcancer,whichwilldestroytheecologyjustassurelyasanyordinarycancerwoulddestroyanorganism.

Thecure?Justwhatitisforanycancer.Thecancerousgrowthmustsomehowbestopped.

Ofcourse,itwillbe.Ifwedonothingatall,thegrowthwillstop,asacancerousgrowthinamanwillstopifnothingisdone.Themandiesandthecancerdieswithit.

Howcanthehumanpopulationexplosionbestopped?Byraisingthedeathrateorbyloweringthebirthrate.Therearenootheralternatives.Thedeathratewillrisespontaneouslyandfinallycatastrophically,ifwedonothing—andthatwithinafewdecades.Tomakethebirthratefall,somehow,issurelypreferable,andthatisthereforethefirstorderofmankind’sbusinesstoday.

Failingthis,mankindwouldstandatthebarofabstractjusticeasthemassmurdereroflifegenerally,hisownincluded,andmassdisrupteroftheintricateplanetarydevelopmentthatmadelifeinitspresentglorypossibleinthefirstplace.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theanalogybetweentheentireplanetandthehumanbodyisbasedonallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

3.Accordingtothearticle,whatisNOTtrueaboutthepopulationintheworld?

4.In“Failingthis,mankindwouldstandatthebarofabstractjustice”(lastparagraph),whichofthefollowingdoes“this”referto?

5.“Theneateconomyofgrowthwithinorganism”(12thparagraph)means______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ittooktheuniverse5billionyearstoformtheearth.

B.Evaporation,condensation,solution,weatheringarefourmajorfactorsthatcontributedtotheformationoftheearth.

C.Lifeformswerefirstdevelopedindeepwaterbetween2billionand3billionyearsago.

D.Lifeisasmuch,partofthestructureoftheEarthasanyinanimateportionisandinreverse,theinanimateportionoftheEarthisshapedandmodifiedbylife.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarebothcomposedofnonlivingportionsandalargevarietyoflivingportions.

B.Theyarebothenormouslyintricateandinterrelatedsystems.

C.Theyarebothmadeupof50trillioncellsofavarietyoftypes,allinterrelatedandinterdependent.

D.Theiroverallgrowthmaybedisruptedifagroupofcellsoraparticulartypeoforganismbeginstogrowwithoutlimit.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Forthousandsofyears,humanpopulationhasbeenincreasinginnumber.

B.AtthetimeofJuliusCaesar,humanpopulationwasincreasingslowly.

C.Today,theEarth’spopulationisestimatedtodoublein35years.

D.Ifwedonothingatall,thegrowthoftheEarth’spopulationwillneverstop.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thehumanpopulationexplosionbeingstopped.

B.Raisingthedeathrateorloweringthebirthrate.

C.Thedeathraterisingspontaneouslyandcatastrophically.

D.Reductionofthebirthrate.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thebalancedandinterrelateddevelopmentofanorgan.

B.Thepurecostofdevelopmentwithinorganism.

C.Theveryslowdevelopmentwithinorganism.

D.Therapiddevelopmentoforganism.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？”根據(jù)第二段第一句TheEarth,inthenearly5billionyearssinceitassumedapproximatelyitspresentform,hasundergoneavastevolution.（地球自從呈現(xiàn)目前的形狀近50億年以來(lái)，已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了一次巨大的演化）可知，50億年前地球初步形成，并非地球花了50億年才形成，A項(xiàng)“宇宙花了50億年才形成了地球”錯(cuò)誤；由第三段前兩句Norwereocean,atmosphere,andsolidcrustindependentofeachotherafterformation.Thereisinteractionalways:evaporation,condensation,solution,weathering.（海洋、大氣和固體地殼在形成后也不是相互獨(dú)立的?？偸怯邢嗷プ饔茫赫舭l(fā)，凝結(jié)，溶解，風(fēng)化。）可知，蒸發(fā)，凝結(jié)，溶解，風(fēng)化只是地球形成后海洋、大氣層以及地殼之間作用的形式，而不是地球形成的因素，B項(xiàng)“蒸發(fā)，凝結(jié)，溶解，風(fēng)化是促成地球形成的四個(gè)主要因素”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第四段第一句Between2billionand3billionyearsago,portionsofthesurfacewater,bathedbytheenergeticradiationfromtheSun,developedcomplicatedcompoundsinorganizationsufficientlyversatiletoqualifyaswhatwecall“l(fā)ife”.（在20億到30億年前，部分地表水沐浴在太陽(yáng)的高能輻射下，發(fā)展出結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、功能豐富的化合物，可以稱得上是我們所說(shuō)的“生命”。）可知，生命的形式是在地球表面發(fā)展來(lái)的，C項(xiàng)“生命形式最初是在20億到30億年前的深水中發(fā)展起來(lái)的”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第五段第一句ButthelifeformsareasmuchpartofthestructureoftheEarthasanyinanimateportionis.Itisallaninseparablepartofawhole.（但是生命形式是地球結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分，就像任何無(wú)生命的部分一樣）和第六段首句Itworksinreverse,too,fortheinanimateportionofEarthisshapedandmoldedbylife.（反之亦然，地球上無(wú)生命的部分是由生命塑造的）可知，D項(xiàng)“生命和任何無(wú)生命的部分一樣，都是地球結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分，反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)，地球的無(wú)生命部分是由生命塑造和修改的”正確。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)作者的說(shuō)法，整個(gè)地球和人體之間的類比是基于以下幾個(gè)，除了……？”。根據(jù)文章的第七段Theentireplanet,plussolarenergy,isoneenormousintricatelyinterrelatedsystem.Theentireplanetisalifeformmadeupofnonlivingportionsandalargevarietyoflivingportions(asourownbodyismadeupofnonlivingcrystalsinbonesandnonlivingwaterinblood,aswellasof