考研考博-英語-中原工學(xué)院信息商務(wù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中原工學(xué)院信息商務(wù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ahumanbeingisquite（

）creature,fortheglossofrationalitythatcovershisorherfearsand（

）isthinandofteneasilybreached.

問題1選項

A.afrail...insecurity

B.avaliant...phobias

C.anambitious...morality

D.aludicrous...laughter

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞和名詞詞義辨析題。A選項的frail‘脆弱的，身體虛弱的”；insecurity“不安全，無保障”；B選項的valiant“勇敢的”；phobia“恐懼，厭惡”；C選項的ambitious“有野心的，有強烈欲望的，有抱負的”;morality“道德，品行”;D選項的ludicrous“滑稽的，荒唐可笑的”;laughter“笑，笑聲”。根據(jù)句意‘人類是一種極為脆弱的生物體，因為掩蓋著其恐懼心和不安全感的那層理性的外表是那么的薄弱，且常常易于破裂’確定A選項正確。

2.問答題

WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.

Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.

Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardtemplates(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachday’sevents.Inotherwords,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.

Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,whichhelpsexplainwhythe“standardtemplates”ofthenewsroomseemalientomanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-sizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskthesamequestions.

RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighborhoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey’relesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsinacommunity.

Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite,sotheirworktendstoreflecttheconventionalvaluesofthiselite.Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyclashofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.

Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiumsandacredibilityprojectdedicatedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.WhattriggersAmericans’distrustintheirnewspapersaccordingtothefindingsofthejournalismcredibilityproject?

3.Whatdoes“standardtemplates”(Para3)referto?

4.WhatistherootofAmerican’sdistrustintheirnewspapers?

5.Whatshouldthenewspaperindustrydotosolvetheproblemconcerningreportersaccordingtotheauthor?

【答案】答：

1.Itisaboutcausesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutnewspaper.

2.Low-levelerrorsandpuzzlementaboutreaders’realwants.

3.Aconventionalstorylinewithaready-madenarrativestructure.

4.Thedifferentworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.

5.Ensurereportersdiversityinoutlook,values,education,andclass.

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章主要關(guān)于什么？”。文章第一段開頭指出WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?（為什么這么多美國人不相信他們在報紙上看到的東西？），接著下面幾段都是在研究美國人不相信報紙的原因，所以答案為Itisaboutcausesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutnewspaper（它是關(guān)于公眾對報紙失望的原因）。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)新聞可信度項目的調(diào)查結(jié)果，是什么引發(fā)了美國人對他們的報紙的不信任？”。文章第二段指出thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.（這次新聞機構(gòu)可信度調(diào)查計劃結(jié)果只獲得了一些低層次的發(fā)現(xiàn)，比如新聞報道中的事實錯誤，拼寫或語法錯誤，和這些低層次發(fā)現(xiàn)交織在一起的還有許多令人撓頭的困惑，譬如讀者到底想讀些什么），由此可知答案為Low-levelerrorsandpuzzlementaboutreaders’realwants（低級錯誤和對讀者真實需求的困惑）。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“第三段的‘標準模板’指的是什么？”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段，最后一句指出Inotherwords,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.（換句話說，在媒介機構(gòu)的新聞采編室中存在著一套約定俗成的寫作模式，為新聞報道提供了主干框架以及可直接套用的敘述結(jié)構(gòu)），由此可知答案為Aconventionalstorylinewithaready-madenarrativestructure（有現(xiàn)成敘述結(jié)構(gòu)的傳統(tǒng)故事線）。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“美國人對報紙不信任的根源是什么？”。根據(jù)第六段最后一句Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyclashofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.（人們對新聞媒體令人震驚的不信任，其根源并不是報道失實或低下的報道技巧，而是記者與讀者的世界觀每天都發(fā)生著沖突）可知，答案為Thedifferentworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders（記者和讀者的不同世界觀）。

5.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“作者認為，報業(yè)應(yīng)該如何解決記者的問題？”。文章最后一句指出Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.（如果新聞界真的注意到了問題的關(guān)鍵，它就應(yīng)該進一步開放其多樣化項目，這個項目現(xiàn)在還只單純考慮招收不同種族和性別的員工，而進一步尋找那些世界觀、價值觀、教育水平和社會階層大相徑庭的各種記者），可知答案為Ensurereportersdiversityinoutlook,values,education,andclass（確保記者在觀點、價值觀、教育和階層上的多樣性）。

3.單選題

Evensensiblemendo（）thingssometimes.

問題1選項

A.abrupt

B.absurd

C.acute

D.apt

【答案】B

【解析】abrupt生硬的，唐突的；absurd荒謬的，可笑的；acute嚴重的，激烈的；apt恰當?shù)?，靈敏的。句意：即使明智的人有時也會做荒唐的事。選項B符合語境。

4.單選題

Modernsocietyhaschangedpeople’snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokinandneighbors,andsubstituteintheirplace（）superficialrelationships（）passingacquaintances.

問題1選項

A.for…with

B.with…with

C./…with

D.with…for

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：現(xiàn)代社會改變了人們之間的自然關(guān)系，放松了對親人和鄰居的責任，取而代之的是萍水相逢的表面關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意可知，superficialrelationships在句中做后置定語，所以前面不需要用介詞，而passingacquaintances在句中做伴隨狀語，所以用介詞with，故選項C為正確答案。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

一個人的生命究竟有多大意義，這有什么標準可以衡量嗎?提出一個絕對的標準當然很困難；但是，大體上看一個人對待生命的態(tài)度是否嚴肅認真，看他對待勞動、工作等等的態(tài)度如何，也就不難對這個人的存在意義做出適當?shù)墓烙嬃恕?/p>

古來一切有成就的人，都很嚴肅地對待自己的生命，當他活著一天，總要盡量多勞動、多工作、多學(xué)習(xí)，不肯虛度年華，不讓時間白白地浪費掉。我國歷代的勞動人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。

【答案】Whatisthesignificanceoflife?Isthereanycriterionforitsmeasurement?Difficultasitistoadvanceanabsoluteone,itwillnotbesotojudgetheverymeaningofone’sexistencegenerallyfromwhetherheisseriousaboutlifeandwhathisattitudeistowardsworkandlife.

Throughouttheages,allpeopleofaccomplishmenttaketheirlivesseriously.Aslongastheyarealive,theywouldratherdevotethemselvestomoreworkandstudythanletasingleminuteslipbyinvain.Andthesameistrueofthecommonlabourersaswellasthegreatstatesmenandthinkersinourcountry.

6.單選題

Wecouldn'treallyaffordtobuyahousesowegotitonhirepurchaseandpaidmonthly（）.

問題1選項

A.investments

B.requirements

C.arrangements

D.installments

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。investments“投資”；requirements“要求，必需品”；arrangements“安排”；installments“分期付款”。句意：我們實在買不起房子，所以我們以分期付款的方式買房，然后按月付款。D項符合題意。

7.單選題

Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookshop,willgiveyou______youneed.

問題1選項

A.allofinformation

B.alloftheinformation’s

C.alltheinformation

D.alltheinformation’s

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞用法。句意：你可以在任何書店買到這些書，它們會給你所需要的所有信息。根據(jù)語境，這里特指“你所需要的信息”，information前面應(yīng)該加定冠詞the，C選項alltheinformation符合題意。alltheinformation相當于alloftheinformation，A選項allofinformation缺定冠詞；B選項alloftheinformation’s和D選項alltheinformation’s中不需要名詞所有格。因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

TomandAlice（）havinganewcartoreplacetheiroldoneforyears.

問題1選項

A.hasbeendreamingof

B.havebeendreamingof

C.hasdreamed

D.willhavedreamed

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知謂語應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)，首先排除選項A和C，再根據(jù)“foryears”可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，所以選項B正確。

9.單選題

Thestorywassaidto______ontheinformationfromareliablesource.

問題1選項

A.beingbased

B.havebeenbased

C.base

D.bebased

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。句意：據(jù)說這篇報道所依據(jù)的消息來源可靠。根據(jù)謂語動詞was確定事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生，根據(jù)bebasedon確定保留be動詞，確定用被動語態(tài)。結(jié)合besaidto加完語態(tài)被動式表示動作已發(fā)生并且是被動語態(tài)，所以B選項havebeenbased正確。

10.翻譯題

Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver—smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowswider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomemergedinthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.Theman,who,inoldage,canseehislifeinthisway,willnotsufferfromthefearofdeath,sincethethingshecaresforwillcontinue.Andif,withthedecayofvitality,wearinessincreases,thethoughtofrestwillnotbeunwelcome.Ishouldwishtodiewhilestillatwork,knowingthatotherswillcarryonwhatIcannolongerdoandcontentinthethoughtthatwhatwaspossiblehasbeendone.

【答案】參考譯文：

一個人的存在應(yīng)該像一條河流——開始是涓涓細流，被限制在狹窄的河岸之間，然后熱情奔放地沖過巖石，越過瀑布。漸漸地，河面變寬了，河岸也遠去，河水流動得更加平靜。最后，它沒有間斷地融入了大海，而后便毫無痛苦地消失了自我。能夠這樣理解自己一生的老人，就不會因害怕死亡而痛苦，因為他所珍愛的一切都會繼續(xù)存在下去。而且，隨著精力的衰退，倦意的增加，長眠的想法并不是不受歡迎的。我希望死于尚能勞作之時，知道別人會繼續(xù)我未竟的事業(yè)，一想到能做的事都做了，就感到滿足。

11.單選題

AcenturyagointheUnitedStates,whenanindividualbroughtsuitagainstacompany,publicopiniontendedtoprotectthatcompany.Butperhapsthisphenomenonwasmoststrikinginthecaseoftherailroads.Nearlyhalfofallnegligencecasesdecidedthrough1896involvedrailroads.Andtherailroadsusuallywon.

Mostofthecasesweredecidedinstatecourts,whentherailroadshadtheclimateofthetimesontheirsides.Governmentsupportedtherailroadindustry;theprogressrailroadsrepresentedwasnottobesloweddownbyrequiringthemoftentopaydamagestothoseunluckyenoughtobehurtworkingforthem.

Courtdecisionsalwayswentagainstrailroadworkers.Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack.ThecourtreasonedthatsinceFarwellhadtakenthejobofanengineervoluntarilyatgoodpay,hehadacceptedtherisk.Thereforetheaccident,thoughavoidablehadtheswitchmenactedcarefully,wasa“pureaccident”.Ineffectarailroadcouldneverbeheldresponsibleforinjurytooneemployeecausedbythemistakeofanother.

InonecasewhereaPennsylvaniaRailroadworkerhadstartedafireatawarehouseandthefirehadspreadseveralblocks,causingwidespreaddamage,ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturnedthejury’sdecisionbecauseitarguedthattherailroad’snegligencewastheimmediatecauseofdamageonlytothenearestbuildings.Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider.

Asthecenturyworeon,publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousness（無情）towardindividuals.

1.Whatdoestheword“negligence”meaninthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinFarwell’scase?

3.Whatmusthavehappenedafterthefirecasewassettledincourt?

4.ThefollowingarousedpublicresentmentEXCEPT（）.

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

問題1選項

A.ignorance

B.arrogance

C.carelessness

D.depression

問題2選項

A.Farwellwouldnothavebeeninjurediftheswitchmanhadbeenmorecareful.

B.Thecourtarguedthatthevictimhadacceptedtherisksincehehadwillinglytakenhisjob.

C.Thecourtdecidedthattherailroadshouldnotbeheldresponsible.

D.Farwellwasinjuredbecausehenegligentlyranhisengineoffthetrack.

問題3選項

A.Therailroadcompensatedforthedamagetotheimmediatebuildings.

B.Therailroadcompensatedforallthedamagebythefire.

C.Therailroadpaidnothingforthedamagedbuilding.

D.Therailroadworkerpaidforthepropertydamagehimself.

問題4選項

A.politicalpower

B.highfares

C.economicloss

D.indifference

問題5選項

A.RailroadoppressingindividualsintheUS.

B.HistoryoftheUSrailroads.

C.Railroadworkers’workingrights.

D.Lawcasesconcerningtherailroads.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干“negligence”定位至第三段：Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack（法威爾先生是鐵路公司的一名工程師，由于一名扳道工因negligence而導(dǎo)致機車脫離軌道，法威爾失去了右手）。由此推測negligence意為疏忽，過失。ignorance無知，愚昧，arrogance傲慢，carelessness粗心，疏忽，depression沮喪；經(jīng)濟大蕭條。據(jù)此可知，C項正確。

2.文章第三段指明是一位扳道工由于疏忽而導(dǎo)致機車脫離軌道，法威爾失去了右手，而非法威爾本人。D項的說法錯誤。

3.題干問的是法院對火災(zāi)案的判決結(jié)果。第四段指出：ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturned...Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider（陪審團裁決鐵路公司負責全部損失，但法院推翻了陪審團的決定，認為鐵路公司的疏忽只是直接導(dǎo)致最鄰近的建筑物受到損失，因而只對此負責任，而離得較遠的房屋的損失則不在賠償范圍）。因此，鐵路公司只賠償最鄰近的建筑物受到的損失。

4.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞resentment定位至最后一段：Publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousnesstowardindividuals（公眾輿論開始反對鐵路公司——反對他們在經(jīng)濟和政治上的權(quán)力、高票價以及他們對個人的冷漠無情。據(jù)此可知，C選項“經(jīng)濟損失”不包括在里面。

5.本文主要討論的是與鐵路公司有關(guān)的法律案件。

12.單選題

Thetroopswereina（）position,completelyexposedtoattackfromtheair.

問題1選項

A.eminent

B.brutal

C.vulnerable

D.adequate

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。eminent杰出的;brutal殘忍的;vulnerable易受攻擊的;adequate充足的。句意：部隊處于易受攻擊的位置,完全暴露了。選項C符合句意。

13.單選題

Governmenttodayplaysanincreasinglylargerroleinthe（

）ofwelfare,economics,andeducation.

問題1選項

A.scopes

B.ranges

C.ranks

D.domains

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。scope“范圍，眼界，視野”；range“范圍；幅度”；rank“級別，等級”；domain“領(lǐng)域，域，域名”。句意：現(xiàn)在政府在很多領(lǐng)域扮演著重要的角色，比如福利、經(jīng)濟和教育等。選項D符合題意。

14.單選題

There（）nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.

問題1選項

A.tobe

B.tohavebeen

C.being

D.be

【答案】C

【解析】考查原因狀語。句意：由于沒有什么可討論的了，會議提前半小時結(jié)束了。因前后兩部分之間沒有連接詞，所以可以確定前半句為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，therebeing是存在句的非限定形式，在句中表示原因狀語。因此C選項正確。

15.單選題

OnceIwasunawareofthecriticalpointsinvolved,mychoicewouldbeboundtoberelatively______.

問題1選項

A.arbitrary

B.irrational

C.indispensable

D.negligent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項arbitrary“任意的；武斷的；專制的”，是由偶然、一時興起或沖動而非由必然、推理或原則決定的；B選項irrational“不合理的（即與理想狀況相比有差距）；無理性的；荒謬的”；C選項indispensable“不可缺少的；絕對必要的；責無旁貸的”；D選項negligent“疏忽的；粗心大意的”。句意：一旦我不知道其中的關(guān)鍵點，我的選擇必然是相對______。如果不知道關(guān)鍵點，做出選擇前心里就不會有一個理想答案，所以選擇就會相對隨意，所以A選項正確。

16.單選題

TheUnitedNationLawoftheSeaConferencewouldsoonproduceanocean-miningtreaty

followingits（）declarationin1970thatoceansweretheheritageofmankind.

問題1選項

A.unanimous

B.abstract

C.autonomous

D.almighty

【答案】A

【解析】固定用法。unanimous意見一致的，無異議的；abstract抽象的；autonomous自

治的；almighty全能的。unanimous與declaration連用,表示達成一致的聲明。

17.單選題

Weofferawidevarietyofservicestofityourrequest,（）webdesign,graphicdesign,webdevelopment,oranythingelse.

問題1選項

A.whethertheybe

B.whetheritbe

C.wouldtheybe

D.woulditbe

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：我們提供各種各樣的服務(wù)，以滿足您的要求，無論是網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計，圖形設(shè)計，網(wǎng)頁開發(fā)，或任何其他。根據(jù)句意可知，這里表示的是“無論….”，可首先排除選項C和選項D；其次，原句中并列的幾個選擇性詞組都是單數(shù)形式，所以這里的代詞也應(yīng)該使用單數(shù)，選項B為正確答案。

18.單選題

It’shightimewe（）cuttingdowntherainforests.

問題1選項

A.stopped

B.hadtostop

C.shallstop

D.stop

【答案】A

【解析】句意:是我們停止砍伐熱帶雨林的吋候了。

語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣。it'shightime（that）sb.didsth.為固定句式,表示“是吋候某人該做某事了”,故排除C，D。B項為“必須,不得不”的過去式,而“it'shightime（that）sb.didsth.”潛在的含義有“必須”的意思,故排除。因此答案選A。

19.單選題

LAPDChiefCharlieBeck'stenurehashelpedanswerquestionsthatlingeredaftertheRampartconsentdecreeendedandoutsiderChiefWilliamJ.Brattonsteppeddown:HasL.A.'spolicingculturepermanentlychanged?Orwithoutsiderchiefsandfederalmonitorsgone,willtheLosAngelesPoliceDepartmentreturntoitsbrutal,secretiveandracially-tingedpast?

Adepartmentveteranwho,underBratton'stutelage,becameatruebelieverindata,transparencyandchange,Beckhelpedinstillamoreopen,reform-orientedculture.Hewassuccessfulinpartbecausehe'ssmartandhisheartwasintherightplace,butalsobecauseheisold-schoolLAPD,sonofacop,siblingtoandfatherofcops.Hisembraceofdepartmentalreforminthepost-Ramparterawasastrongsignaltotherank-and-file,tothecity'spoliticalleadersandtocommunitiesthatoftensufferedbrutalpolicingtacticsthatthenewthinkingandnewpracticesweretheretostay.

BeckannouncedFridaythathewouldstepdowninJune,beforetheendofhissecondandfinalfive-yearterm.

Eventhoughheisnotelected,heisasavvypoliticianwhocorrectlyreadwhatthemayor,thePoliceCommissionandthepeopleofLosAngeleswantedfromhimandwhattoanextenthewasabletodeliver:lowcrime,noscandals,littlecontroversy.Hebecameadeptattheregularradiointerviewandthesoundbiteonimmigrationenforcementandcriminaljusticereform.

AtatimeofnationalawakeningandoutrageoverpoliceshootingsofunarmedAfricanAmericanmenandboys,BeckandtheLAPDoftenlookedgoodincomparison,atleastforawhile.

Buttherehavebeentroublingexceptions.JustdaysafterapoliceofficerfatallyshotMichaelBrowninFerguson,Montana.,LAPDofficersshotanotherunarmedAfricanAmericanman,EzellFord,inLosAngeles.Beckconcludedthattheshootingwasjustifieddespitehispolicecommission'sfindingtothecontrary.Hisaction,andDistrictAttorneyJackieLacey'sdecisionayearagonottoprosecute—alongwithnumerousotherofficer-involvedshootings—haveexacerbatedtensionbetweenthedepartmentandmanyofthecommunitiesitpatrols.

Beck'sdecisionwastorespondtoanincreaseinviolentcrimeinSouthLosAngeleswithincreasedpatrolsandwhatamountstoanL.A.-stylestop-and-friskpolicy(automobilestopsforarguablypretextualreasonssuchasbrokentaillights,inordertosearchforweapons).

Didthetacticwork?Theviolenceeventuallyabated,butnotbeforepolicereopenedoldwoundsandreinvigoratedanti-policesentimentincommunitiesthatfeltover-patroled.Activists'callsforBeck'sfiringbecameacommonfeatureatweeklycommissionmeetings.

Meanwhile,althoughLosAngelescontinuestoenjoyhistoricallylowcrimerates,thedeclinesbeganaslightbuttroublingreversein2015.Thescandal-freeledgerwastaintedbythe2013rampageoffiredofficerChristopherDorner,whopostedamanifestoofchargesagainstthedepartment,thenkilledfourpeopleandwoundedthreeothersbeforedyingaspoliceclosedinonhim.LAPDofficerswoundedthreeinnocentbystandersintheirsometimesfreneticquesttotrackdownDorner.Therewasascandalofanothersortwhenpolicecadets,aidedbyanofficer,stolecruisersandotherequipment.Theirexploitswentundetectedforweeks.

BeckearnshighmarksformanaginganinherenttensionfacedinrecentdecadesbyeveryLAPDchief.Inacityinwhichpublicsafetyaccountsformorethan80%ofthecitybudget,hefacedstrongpressureinCityHallandmanycommunitiestoeconomize.Atthesametime,manyofthesamecriticswanthimtoprovidebetterpatrolsinlower-crimepartsofthecitywhilestillbeingabletorespondinforcetospatesofviolenceinhigh-crimecommunities,andwhileemployingamorecommunity-orientedapproachtopolicingcitywide.Accomplishingallofthosegoalssimultaneouslyissimplynotpossible.

BeckisthefourthLAPDchieftobeappointedunderakeychangethatfollowedthe1992riots,whichweresparkedbyacquittalsofofficersinthebrutalbeatingofAfricanAmericanmotoristRodneyKing.Afterdecadesinwhichchiefscouldretaintheirjobsvirtuallyforlife,leadersofthedepartmentarenowappointedtoasinglefive-yeartermandcanbeappointedtoasecond—butnomore.ChiefsWillieWilliamsandBernardParksweredeniedsecondterms.Brattonwonasecondbutleftearlyforotheropportunities.Beck'sJunedeparturedateleavesplentyoftimeforthecommissionandMayorEricGarcettitoconsiderahostofwould-bereplacementsamongtheyoungerbrasswhomBeckhasmentored.

1.TowhatextenthastheLosAngelesPoliceDepartmentchangedunderBeck?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

3.Whydoyouthinkactivists'callsforBeck'sfiringbecameacommonfeatureatweeklycommissionmeetings?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethelastsentenceofthepassage?

5.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardCharlieBeckaschiefofLosAngelesPoliceDepartment?

問題1選項

A.Permanently.

B.Untilhestepsdown.

C.Notatall.

D.Temporarily.

問題2選項

A.CharlieBeck'sprotectingLAPDofficersaggravatedtherelationshipbetweenthedepartmentandthecommunities.

B.CharlieBeck'spolicyofincreasingpatrolsandthestop-and-friskpolicyhavebeencontroversialamongthelocalpeople.

C.ChristopherDornerwasangrywiththeLAPDandabreactedhisdissatisfactionbykillinginnocentpeople.

D.TheLAPDwillreturntoabrutal,secretive,andracially-tingedpastafterChiefsWillieWilliamsandBernardParks'retirement.

問題3選項

A.Hewasmaladroitinradiointerviewandthesoundbiteonimmigrationenforcementandcriminaljusticereform.

B.WhenAmericanswereoutragedoverpoliceshootingsofunarmedAfricanAmericans,LAPDunderBeck'sleadershipdidwell.

C.BeckearnshighmarksformanaginganinherenttensionfacedinrecentdecadesbyeveryLAPDchief.

D.Theincreasedpatrolofthepolicearousedananti-policesentimentincommunities.

問題4選項

A.It'simperativethatBeck'ssuccessorbesomeonewhocanbuildonhislegacyandcontinuemovingthedepartmentdownthepathofreform.

B.AfterannouncingonFridaythathewouldstepdowninJunebeforecompletinghissecondtermonthejob,BeckreflectedonhisLAPDcareerofmorethan40years.

C.CharlieBeck,whoseowncareerwiththeLosAngelesPoliceDepartmentspannedfourdecades,willretirethissummer,endinganeight-yeartenureaspolicechief.

D.CharlieBeckwascreditedwithmajorreformsinthedepartmentandageneraldeclineinhomicidesbutalsohadsomemissteps.

問題5選項

A.Cynical.

B.Neutral.

C.Prejudiced.

D.Critical.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。題干：洛杉磯警察局在貝克的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下發(fā)生了多大程度的變化？

A選項意為“永久地”；B選項意為“直到他下臺”；C選項意為“根本不”；D選項意為“暫時地”。由文章第四段中的lowcrime,noscandals,littlecontroversy（低犯罪率，沒有丑聞，很少爭議）可知貝克在任職期間取得了很大的成就，同時警察射擊案和貝克的反應(yīng)，以及他打擊犯罪采取的一些措施，已引起一些民眾的強烈不滿，因此選D，洛杉磯警察局在貝克的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下暫時發(fā)生了一些變化，但這些變化不能保證是永久的。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。題干：下列哪種說法是不正確的？

由文章第六段中的Hisaction······haveexacerbatedtensionbetweenthedepartmentandmanyofthecommunitiesitpatrols.（他的行為······加劇了警察局與其巡邏的許多社區(qū)之間的緊張關(guān)系）可知A選項正確；由倒數(shù)第四段中的Activists'callsforBeck'sfiringbecameacommonfeatureatweeklycommissionmeetings.（活動人士要求貝克下臺已成為每周委員會會議上的一個共同特點）可知B選項正確；由倒數(shù)第三段中的ChristopherDorner,whopostedamanifestoofchargesagainstthedepartment,thenkilledfourpeople（ChristopherDorner發(fā)表了一份針對洛杉磯警察局的指控宣言，隨后殺死了四人）可知C選項正確；通過排除法可知選D。

第3題:3.細節(jié)事實題。題干：為什么你認為積極分子要求貝克被解雇的呼聲在每周的委員會會議上成為一種常見的特征？

文章倒數(shù)第四段中內(nèi)容為：戰(zhàn)術(shù)有效嗎？暴力事件最終平息了，但在警察重新打開舊傷口，并在感覺過度巡邏的社區(qū)恢復(fù)了反警察情緒之前，情況并非如此?；顒尤耸恳筘惪讼屡_已成為每周委員會會議上的一個共同特點?？芍谶^度巡邏的社區(qū)中已引起了反警察情緒，因此選D。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。題干：以下哪一項可以是文章的最后一句話？

文章最后一句Beck'sJunedeparturedateleavesplentyoftimeforthecommissionandMayorEricGarcettitoconsiderahostofwould-bereplacementsamongtheyoungerbrasswhomBeckhasmentored.（貝克的六月離任日期給委員會和市長EricGarcetti留下了足夠的時間來考慮在貝克指導(dǎo)的年輕高層中尋找一批潛在的替代者）可推測接下來所說的內(nèi)容與此相關(guān)，符合文章的連貫性，因此選A。

第5題:5.觀點態(tài)度題。題干：作者對查理?貝克擔任洛杉磯警察局局長的態(tài)度如何？

文章前面五段的內(nèi)容主要講述了貝克任職期間的成就；第六段至第九段主要講述了貝克在職期間的一些舉措引起的不好的影響；因此作者的觀點是中立的。

20.單選題

Heisnotaverycrediblelecturer.

問題1選項

A.well-known

B.religious

C.ordinary

D.believable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。credible表示“可靠的；可信的”；A選項為“著名的；眾所周知的”；B選項為“宗教的，嚴謹?shù)摹?；C選項為“普通的；一般的”；D選項為“可信的”。根據(jù)句意可知，他不是一個可信的演講者。因此，D項為正確答案。

21.不定項選擇題

Youmaybereadingthiswhileonaconferencecall,pushingyourchildonaswing—orboth.Butismultitaskingreallyagoodidea,ordoesitmakeusdoeverythingmoreslowlyandlesswellthanifwewereconcentratingononetaskatatime?

Psychologistsciterobustresearchthatpayingmoreattentiontoataskimprovesperformance.Humans,theyargue,aregoodatdoingrapidlysequentialtasks,ratherthansimultaneousones.MyteenagersinsistitisfinetorevisewhiletextingandwatchingYouTube—buttheyarewrong.In2009,aresearchteamfromStanford,ledbyCliffordNass,comparedheavyversuslightmediamultitaskersinaseriesoftests.Nassthoughttheheaviermultitaskerswouldbebetteratorganisingandstoringinformationandhavesuperiormemories,butitturnedoutthattheoppositewastrue.Whenthegroupswereshownconfigurationsofcolouredshapesandaskedtoremembertheirpositionsandignoreothers,themultitaskerscouldn’tdoit.Theywereconstantlydistractedandtheirabilitytoswitchbetweentasks,filterirrelevantinformationandrememberwhattheyhadseenwasworsethanthelightermultitaskers.

AteamledbyDavidStrayerattheUniversityofUtahlookedatpeoplewhodrivewhileusingthephoneandfoundthattheyweremorethantwiceaslikelytomissstopsigns.Inalaterstudy,Strayerfoundthatpeoplewhoaremostlikelytomultitaskarethosewhothinktheyaregreatatit.Seventypercentofthe310studentsinhisstudythoughttheywereaboveaverageatmultitasking.Peoplewhomultitaskedthemosthadhighlevelsofimpulsivebehaviourandweregenerallythemostill-suitedtoattemptmorethanonejobatatime.

Nass’sresearchledhimtosuggestthatweshouldspend20minutesononetaskandthenswitchtoanother,ratherthanflittinganyfasterbetweenthetwo.Teststhatmeasuretheabilitytoremembershapesarelesscompellingthanreal-lifemultitaskingresearch,buttheevidencesuggeststhatwedeludeourselvesifwethinkwecandomorethanonethingwellatthesametime.Limitedresearchsuggeststhatwomenmaybeateenybitbetteratit,butfewofusarenaturals.Strayer’sresearchsuggeststhataround3%ofthepopulationare“supertaskers”whodobetterthemoretheydo.Therestofus,however,shouldsticktoonethingatatime.

36.TheauthormaybesuggestinginParagraph1that________.

37.AccordingtoParagraph2,researchsuggeststhathumansperformwellwhen________.

38.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutheavymultitaskers?

39.Strayer’sstudiesshowthat________.

40.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardswomen’smultitaskingability?

41.Apossiblesuggestionfromtheauthoristo________.

問題1選項

A.babysittingslowsdownone’swork

B.multitaskingiscommon

C.multitaskingismoreeffective

D.concentrationisagoodidea

問題2選項

A.doingseveraltasksatatime

B.doingthingsslowly

C.doingtasksonebyone

D.doingthingsenergetically

問題3選項

A.Theytendtoignoreothers.

B.Theyarelesslikelytostayfocused.

C.Theyhavesuperiormemories.

D.Theymanagetimewell.

問題4選項

A.peopleoverestimatetheirmultitaskingability

B.teenagersa