考研考博-英語-云南大學(xué)滇池學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南大學(xué)滇池學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theyoungwomanwassobeautifulthatshe______everyotherwomanattheball.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.belittled

B.foiled

C.offset

D.eclipsed

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.belittled貶低；小看B.foiled挫??；阻止

C.offset抵消；彌補(bǔ)D.eclipsed使失色；黯然失色

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)so…that可知，此處是結(jié)果狀語從句，根據(jù)前半句句意“那位年輕女子是如此漂亮”可推知，she______everyotherwoman是指“她令其他女子黯然失色”，故該題選擇D項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)都不符合句意。

【句意】那位年輕女子太漂亮了，使舞會(huì)上的其他婦女黯然失色。

2.單選題

Initsmostabstractsensetheperceptionofalossofcommunityinmodernsocietyreferstochangesinboththestructureandcontentofpersonalrelationships.Herecommunityisusedtodenoteasenseofcommonidentitybetweenindividuals,andenduringtiesofaffectionandharmonybaseduponpersonalknowledgeandface-to-facecontact.Itisoftencontrastedwiththeimpersonalanddehumanizingaspectsofmodern

life,withtheriseofaselfishindividualism,acalculativeapproachtohumanrelationshipsandthesenseofsocialdislocationpresentunderconditionsofrapidsocialandeconomicchange.Thesejudgmentsweretypifiedbythepessimisticstrandofmucheighteenth-andnineteenth-centuryRomanticism,whichstressedtheunityofmanwithnature,opposedreasonwithsentimentandofferedthoroughgoingcriticismoftheemergingurban,industrialworlD.Theconceptofcommunitywasusedinordertocometotermswiththisnewformofsociety.Thescientificandtechnologicaladvancesofthenewagewerecontrastedwithman’sspiritualandemotionalimpoverishment,inwhichthelossofcommunitywastakenasemblematiC.Thetermwasthereforeusedinaliterallyreactionaryway,asareactiontoboththematerialsqualorandthespiritualdegradationwhichRomanticismassociatedwiththeriseofurbanindustrialism.Communitysignifiedamorehumaneandintimateexistence,morestable,moretraditionalandlesstaintedbytherationalpursuitofself-interest.ThetermwasusedbywriterslikeCobbettandColeridgetoevokealargelymythicalgoldenageinthepre-industrialworld,whereorganiccommunitiesofbeneficentlandownersandmerryrusticslivedahappyArcadianexistenceinthemainlyagriculturalvillagesandsmallmarkettownswhichconstitutedpre-industrial-society.Rapidurbanizationandindustrializationwereaccusedofhavingdestroyedthisnotionofcommunity.

TheIndustrialRevolutionwasbelievedtohavechangednotonlythestructureofsocietybyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincitiesandinfactories,butalsothequalityoftherelationshipsuponwhichasenseofcommunityresteD.Outofthisperceptionthereemergedaverycommonliteraryandculturaltheme,fullyexploredbyRaymondWilliamsintwoofhisbooks,CultureandSocietyandTheCountryandtheCity(Williams,1961,1973).Sinceurbanindustrialismhadbroughtabreakdownofcommunityitfollowedthatrealcommunitiescouldnotexistinthenewindustrialcitiesbutonlyinthecountryside.Thevillagethereforecametoberegardedastheidealcommunity.Theromanticassertionoftheunitofmanwithnaturefounditscounterpartinanidyllicviewofrurallifeasconsistingofharmonyandvirtue.Relationshipsinruralcommunitieswereregardedasmoreindefinablyprofoundandfulfilling,generatingaprevailingsenseofmeaningfulsocialintimacy.Incities,ontheotherhand,itwasbelievedthatthe"unnatural"separationoftheirinhabitantsfromthelandandfromoneanotherprovokeddislocationandasuperficialandalienatingwayoflife.Thistendencytoidentifyasenseofcommunitywithparticularpatternsofsettlementandparticulargeographicallocationshasprovedtobeanimmenselyenduringone.AsWilliamsshows,itisatraditionthathaspenetratedlargeareasofourculture,includingourliterature,ouraesthetics,ourarchitectureandtownandcountryplanning,andevenoursocialscience.SuchatraditioncontinuestoactasafilterthroughwhichtherealityofurbanandrurallifeisconstantlybeinginterpreteD.Eventodaythereisatendencytoregardonlyruralvillagesasrealcommunitieswherewecanfindourroots,whilelifeincitiesisviewedasanecessaryeviltobeavoidedwheneverpossible.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Theeighteenth-and-nineteenth-centuryRomanticisminsistedthat（）.

3.Theword"emblematic"(ParA.1)mayhavethemeaningof（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,theconceptofcommunity（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.CommunityasCriticismofIndustrialSociety.

B.CommunityintheModernWorld

C.CommunityandChange

D.CommunityandtheSociologicalTradition.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.modernindustrydestroyedpeople'sharmoniousrelationshipwithnature

B.theurbanlifeisanevilthoughthedevelopmentofindustryisnecessary

C.theycreatedtheconceptofcommunitytocometotermswiththemodernworld

D.theindustrialdevelopmentenrichedthelifeofurbaninhabitants

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.poor

B.pessimistic

C.symbolic

D.disastrous

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isnotcreateduntiltherapidurbanizationandindustrializationoftheIndustrialRevolution

B.refersonlytotheidealofhumanandrusticlifeinthecountryside

C.isalsousedtoindicatethechangeofsocietystructurebyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincities

D.haschangedwhilechangeshavehappenedinthestructureofsociety

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theconflictbetweenurbanandrurallifehasbeenreflectedindifferentaspectsofourculture.

B.Theidealcommunitywilldisappearwiththescientificandtechnologicadvances.

C.Communitycanonlyexistinthepre-industrialsocietywhenpeoplearelesstaintedbythepursuitofself-interest

D.Theconsequencesofthelossofcommunityforthestabilityofsocietyarewidelyfearedbyeveryone.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文分析可知，本文第一段介紹了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中社區(qū)喪失的表現(xiàn)。在第二段中可以定位到“TheIndustrialRevolutionwasbelievedtohavechangednotonlythestructureofsocietybyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincitiesandinfactories,butalsothequalityoftherelationshipsuponwhichasenseofcommunityrested.”，中文翻譯為：人們認(rèn)為，工業(yè)革命不僅通過將大量人口集中在城市和工廠，而且改變了社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)，而且改變了社區(qū)意識(shí)所依賴的關(guān)系的質(zhì)量。后文也寫到了城市工業(yè)化帶來了社區(qū)的崩潰，以及城市和農(nóng)村的矛盾等。綜合考慮下，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞eighteenth-and-nineteenth-centuryRomanticism可定位到文章“Thesejudgmentsweretypifiedbythepessimisticstrandofmucheighteenth-andnineteenth-centuryRomanticism,whichstressedtheunityofmanwithnature,opposedreasonwithsentimentandofferedthoroughgoingcriticismoftheemergingurban,industrialworld.”，中文翻譯為：“這些判斷的典型代表是18世紀(jì)和19世紀(jì)浪漫主義的悲觀派，強(qiáng)調(diào)人與自然的統(tǒng)一，以情感反對(duì)理性，并對(duì)新興的城市和工業(yè)世界進(jìn)行徹底的批評(píng)?！币约啊癝inceurbanindustrialismhadbroughtabreakdownofcommunityitfollowedthatrealcommunitiescouldnotexistinthenewindustrialcitiesbutonlyinthecountryside.Thevillagethereforecametoberegardedastheidealcommunity.Theromanticassertionoftheunitofmanwithnaturefounditscounterpartinanidyllicviewofrurallifeasconsistingofharmonyandvirtue.”，中文翻譯為：由于城市工業(yè)化帶來了社區(qū)的崩潰，因此，真正的社區(qū)不可能存在于新的工業(yè)城市，而只存在于農(nóng)村。因此，鄉(xiāng)村被認(rèn)為是理想的社區(qū)。人與自然統(tǒng)一的浪漫主張?jiān)谔飯@詩般的鄉(xiāng)村生活中被認(rèn)為是由和諧和美德構(gòu)成的?？赏茢喑鯝項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代工業(yè)破壞了人與自然的和諧關(guān)系”正確。

3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵字emblematic可以定位到文章第一段“Thescientificandtechnologicaladvancesofthenewagewerecontrastedwithman’sspiritualandemotionalimpoverishment,inwhichthelossofcommunitywastakenasemblematic.”，中文翻譯為：新時(shí)代的科技進(jìn)步與人類精神上和情感上的貧乏形成了鮮明的對(duì)比，在這種貧窮中，社區(qū)的喪失被視為象征。由語境可知，C項(xiàng)“象征性”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theconceptofcommunity可以定位到文章“Theconceptofcommunitywasusedinordertocometotermswiththisnewformofsociety.”，中文翻譯為：為了適應(yīng)這種新的社會(huì)形式，人們使用了社區(qū)的概念，因此D項(xiàng)“社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化的時(shí)候，它也已經(jīng)改變了”正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章“Outofthisperceptionthereemergedaverycommonliteraryandculturaltheme,fullyexploredbyRaymondWilliamsintwoofhisbooks,CultureandSocietyandTheCountryandtheCity(Williams,1961,1973).”，中文翻譯為：從這種觀念出發(fā)，出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)非常普遍的文學(xué)和文化主題，雷蒙德?烕廉姆斯在他的兩本書《文化和社會(huì)》以及《國家和城市》(Williams，1961，1973)中充分探討了這一主題。以及“AsWilliamsshows,itisatraditionthathaspenetratedlargeareasofourculture,includingourliterature,ouraesthetics,ourarchitectureandtownandcountryplanning,andevenoursocialscience.Suchatraditioncontinuestoactasafilterthroughwhichtherealityofurbanandrurallifeisconstantlybeinginterpreted.”，中文翻譯為：正如烕廉斯所表明的那樣，這是一種己經(jīng)滲透到我們文化的很大領(lǐng)域的傳統(tǒng)，包括我們的文學(xué)、美學(xué)、建筑和城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃，甚至我們的社會(huì)科學(xué)。這一傳統(tǒng)繼續(xù)充當(dāng)一個(gè)過濾器，通過它不斷解讀城市和農(nóng)村生活的現(xiàn)實(shí)。故答案為A“城市和農(nóng)村生活之間的沖突反映在我們文化的不同方面”。

3.單選題

Afewcommonmisconceptions:Beautyisonlyskin-deep.One’sphysicalassetsandliabilitiesdon’tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.

Overthelast30years,socialscientistshaveconductedmorethan1,000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifulandnot-so-beautifulpeople.Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion:Looksdomatter,morethanmostofusrealize.Thedatasuggest,forexample,thatphysicallyattractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobetreatedwellbytheirparents,soughtoutasfriends,andpursuedromantically.Withthepossibleexceptionofwomenseekingmanagerialjobs,theyarealsomorelikelytobehired,paidwell,andpromoted.

Onceagain,thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpieties（虔誠）whileactingjustthecontrary.Theirtypicalexperimentworkssomethinglikethis.Theygiveeachmemberofagroup-collegestudents,orteachersorcorporatepersonnelmangers—apieceofpaperrelatinganindividual’saccomplishments.Attachedtothepaperisaphotograph.Whilethepapersallsayexactlythesamethingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowastrikinglyattractiveperson,someanaverage-lookingcharacter,andsomeanunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareaskedtoratetheindividualoncertainattributes,anythingfrompersonalwarmthtothelikelihoodthatheorshewillbepromoted.

Almostinvariably,thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.Inthephrase,borrowedfromSappho,thatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonperception,whatisbeautifulisgood.

Inbusiness,however,goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen,anddeeperthanformen.AUtahStateUniversityprofessor,whoisanauthorityonthesubject,explains:Intermsoftheircareers,theimpactofphysicalattractivenessonmalesisonlymodest.Butitspotentialimpactonfemalescanbetremendous,makingiteasier,forexample,forthemoreattractivetogetjobswheretheyareinthepubliceye.Onanothernote,though,thereisenoughliteraturenowforustoconcludethatattractivewomenwhoaspire（追求）tomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswellaswomenwhomaybelessattractive.

1.Accordingtothepassage,peopleoftenwronglybelievethatinpursuingacareerasamanager_______.

2.Theresultofresearchcarriedoutbysocialscientistsshowthat______.

3.Experimentsbyscientistshaveshownthatwhenpeopleevaluateindividualsoncertainattributes________.

4.“Goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen”（Line1，Para.5）meansthat______.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinthebusinessworld______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aperson’spropertyordebtsdonotmattermuch

B.aperson’soutwardappearanceisnotacriticalqualification

C.womenshouldalwaysdressfashionably

D.womenshouldnotonlybeattractivebutalsohigh-minded

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.peopledonotrealizetheimportanceoflookingone’sbest

B.womeninpursuitofmanagerialjobsarenotlikelytobepaidwell

C.good-lookingwomenaspiretomanagerialpositions

D.attractivepeoplegenerallyhaveanadvantageoverthosewhoarenot

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyobservetheprinciplethatbeautyisonlyskin-deep

B.theydonotusuallyactaccordingtotheviewstheysupport

C.theygiveordinary-lookingpersonsthelowestratings

D.theytendtobasetheirjudgmentontheindividual’saccomplishments

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.attractivewomenhavetremendouspotentialimpactonpublicjobs

B.good-lookingwomenalwaysgetthebestofeverything

C.beingattractiveisnotalwaysanadvantageforwomen

D.attractivewomendonotdoaswellasunattractivewomeninmanagerialpositions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.handsomemenarenotaffectedasmuchbytheirlooksasattractivewomenare

B.physicallyattractivewomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallydoquitewell

C.physicallyattractivemenandwomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallygetalongquitewell

D.goodlooksareimportantforwomenastheyareformen

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Afewcommonmisconceptions:Beautyisonlyskin-deep.”，可知很多人誤解地認(rèn)為美是膚淺的。后一句“Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.”，說明女性應(yīng)該讓自己看起來最好才是作者想要表達(dá)的正確觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“…thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.”，照片上的人越漂亮，評(píng)價(jià)就越高，說明外貌是一個(gè)優(yōu)勢。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段，“thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpietieswhileactingjustthecontrary.”，說明我們嘴上說著虔誠的話，但是實(shí)際行動(dòng)卻是相反的，也就是不會(huì)根據(jù)自己支持的觀點(diǎn)行事。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.語義題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“…womenwhoaspiretomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswellaswomenwhomaybelessattractive.”說明有足夠的研究表明外表有吸引力的女性不如外表沒有吸引力的女性工作那么出色。所以外表并不總是能帶來優(yōu)勢。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Inbusiness,however,goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen,anddeeperthanformen.”，說明在事業(yè)中，外貌的吸引力對(duì)女性的影響大于男性。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

I’d______hisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makeupfor

B.makeout

C.takeintoaccount

D.accountfor

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)makeupfor“彌補(bǔ)”；B選項(xiàng)makeout“理解；竭力說”；C選項(xiàng)takeintoaccount“考慮”；D選項(xiàng)accountfor“解釋；導(dǎo)致”。句意：我會(huì)______他在其他農(nóng)民和企業(yè)家中的聲譽(yù)，然后決定是否批準(zhǔn)貸款。根據(jù)語境，這里指以聲譽(yù)作為參考條件，C選項(xiàng)takeintoaccount“考慮”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Weneedachairman____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forwhomeveryonehasconfidence

B.inwhomeveryonehasconfidence

C.whoeveryonehasconfidenceof

D.whomeveryonehasconfidenceon

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.forwhomeveryonehasconfidence所有人都信任B.inwhomeveryonehasconfidence所有人都信任

C.whoeveryonehasconfidenceof所有人都信任D.whomeveryonehasconfidenceon所有人都信任

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】定語從句與固定搭配

【解題思路】首先，使用confidence來表達(dá)“對(duì)某人有信心；信任某人”，其固定搭配為haveconfidenceinsb.；其次，“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，介詞的選擇由從句中位于動(dòng)詞或形容詞短語的搭配決定。因此，本題B選項(xiàng)inwhomeveryonehasconfidence“所有人都信任”符合要求。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)介詞使用不當(dāng)。

【句意】我們需要一個(gè)大家都信任的主席。

6.單選題

Heisproudofhischildrenthatheoften（）abouttheirsmallachievement.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exaggerates

B.asserts

C.boasts

D.toasts

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。exaggerate“夸大”；assert“斷言”；boast“吹噓”。exaggerate符合句意。本句意為“他為他的孩子們而感到驕傲，他經(jīng)?？浯笏麄兊男〕删汀保虼薃選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Theelectricfandoesnotworkbecauseofthe（

）ofservice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pause

B.break

C.interruption

D.breakdown

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于服務(wù)中止，所以電風(fēng)扇不轉(zhuǎn)了。

名詞辨析。Pause暫停，間歇;break停頓，間歇;interruption中止，中斷;breakdown損壞，故障。根據(jù)題目前半部分的信息可知theofservice這個(gè)部分應(yīng)該表示“服務(wù)中止/中斷”的意思，故答案選項(xiàng)為C。

8.單選題

ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.（1）inthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysintheheartofatown.Thisstreetwas（2）onbothsideswithmany（3）businesses.Here,shopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:clothing,furniture,hardware,andgroceries.（4）,someshopsoffer（5）.Theseshopsincludeddrugstores,restaurants,shoerepairstores,andbarberorhairdressingshops.（6）inthe1950s,achangebeganto（7）.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreet（8）toofewparkingplaceswere（9）shoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowded,merchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspaces（10）thecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircardrivingcustomersneeded.Andopenspaceiswhattheygot（11）thefirstshoppingcenterwasbuilt.Shoppingcenters,orrathermalls,（12）asacollectionofsmallnewstores（13）crowdedcitycentres.（14）byhundredsoffreeparkingspace,customersweredrawnawayfrom（15）areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing（16）ofshoppingcentresled（17）tothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.（18）thelate1970s,manyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingthe（19）ofonestopshopping,mallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks,（20）benches,fountains,andoutdoorentertainment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asearlyas

B.Early

C.Earlyas

D.Earlier

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.built

B.designed

C.intended

D.lined

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.varied

B.various

C.sorted

D.mixedup

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Apartfrom

B.However

C.Inaddition

D.Aswell

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.medicalcare

B.food

C.cosmetics

D.services

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Suddenly

B.Abruptly

C.Contrarily

D.But

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.betakingplace

B.takeplace

C.betakenplace

D.havetakenplace

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.while

B.yet

C.though

D.andthen

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.availablefor

B.availableto

C.usedby

D.readyfor

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.from

C.outof

D.outside

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.while

C.since

D.then

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.started

B.founded

C.setup

D.organized

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.outof

B.awayfrom

C.nextto

D.near

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.Attracted

B.Surprised

C.Delighted

D.Enjoyed

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.inner

B.central

C.shopping

D.downtown

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.distinction

B.fame

C.popularity

D.liking

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.inturn

C.byturns

D.further

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.By

B.During

C.In

D.Towards

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.cheapness

B.readiness

C.convenience

D.handiness

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.becauseof

B.and

C.with

D.provided

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:B

第10題:D

第11題:A

第12題:A

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:C

【解析】1.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Asearlyas“像……一樣早的”；B選項(xiàng)Early“在初期”；C選項(xiàng)Earlyas“像……一樣早”；D選項(xiàng)Earlier“早期的”。原文指的是“在20世紀(jì)初期”，所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文語境。

2.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)build“建立，建造”；B選項(xiàng)design“設(shè)計(jì)”；C選項(xiàng)intend“打算，想要”；D選項(xiàng)line“排成一排”。根據(jù)原文可知，這里是說很多商店沿著街道排成一排，所以選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

3.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)varied“多變的”；B選項(xiàng)various“各種各樣的”；C選項(xiàng)sorted“分類的”；D選項(xiàng)mixup“混淆，調(diào)和”。根據(jù)原文可知，這里是指各種各樣的商店，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.考查邏輯連詞。A選項(xiàng)Apartfrom“除……之外”，后面必須接對(duì)象，不能單獨(dú)使用；B選項(xiàng)However“然而”；C選項(xiàng)Inaddition“另外，此外”，可作為插入語使用；D選項(xiàng)Aswell“同樣地，此外”，一般用于句尾。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)medicalcare“醫(yī)療護(hù)理”；B選項(xiàng)food“食物”；C選項(xiàng)cosmetics“裝飾品”；D選項(xiàng)service“服務(wù)”。上文提到，商店提供各類商品，這里應(yīng)該是提供服務(wù)，選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

6.考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)Suddenly“突然地”；B選項(xiàng)Abruptly“唐突地，硬生生地”；C選項(xiàng)Contrarily“相反地”；D選項(xiàng)But“但是”。根據(jù)原文可知，這里是指20世紀(jì)50年代發(fā)生了變化，前后形成轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

7.考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。begintodosth.意為“開始做某事”，后接動(dòng)詞原形，且takeplace沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以只有選項(xiàng)B正確。

8.考查邏輯連詞。A選項(xiàng)while“然而”，表對(duì)比；B選項(xiàng)yet“但是，然而”，表轉(zhuǎn)折；C選項(xiàng)though“盡管”；D選項(xiàng)andthen“于是，然后”。前面提到了很多汽車，和后面很少的停車位形成了對(duì)比，所以選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

9.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)availablefor“可用于……的”；B選項(xiàng)availableto“現(xiàn)有的”；C選項(xiàng)usedby“被……用來”；D選項(xiàng)readyfor“為……做好準(zhǔn)備”。beavailableto意為“可被……利用，可得到的”，這里指的是“可供購物者使用的停車位太少”，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

10.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)over“在……之上”；B選項(xiàng)from“來自于”；C選項(xiàng)outof“在……外面”；D選項(xiàng)outside“在……范圍之外”。根據(jù)原文可知，這里是指“商人們開始對(duì)城市界限范圍外的空地感興趣。”所以選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

11.考查邏輯連詞。根據(jù)句意“當(dāng)?shù)谝粋€(gè)購物中心建成的時(shí)候，他們就獲得了空地”，這里是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，所以選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

12.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)started“開始”；B選項(xiàng)founded“建立”；C選項(xiàng)setup“建立”；D選項(xiàng)organized“組織”。根據(jù)句意“購物中心，或者更確切地說，商場，最初是從一些小型新商店的集合開始（形成）的”，選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

13.考查上下文語義。結(jié)合上文語境可知，既然是城市界限范圍之外的空地，應(yīng)該是遠(yuǎn)離擁擠的城市中心，所以選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

14.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Attract“吸引”；B選項(xiàng)Surprise“使驚奇”；C選項(xiàng)Delight“使高興”；D選項(xiàng)Enjoy“欣賞，享受”。根據(jù)句意可知，顧客應(yīng)該是被免費(fèi)的停車位所吸引，所以選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

15.考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)inner“內(nèi)部的”；B選項(xiàng)central“中心的”；C選項(xiàng)shopping“購物”；D選項(xiàng)downtown“市區(qū)”。根據(jù)原文可知，這里指顧客們離開市區(qū)去到偏遠(yuǎn)的商場購物，所以選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

16.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distinction“區(qū)別，榮譽(yù)”；B選項(xiàng)fame“名聲，威望”；C選項(xiàng)popularity“普及，流行，小有名氣”；D選項(xiàng)liking“愛好，喜好”。根據(jù)原文可知，這里是指購物中心越來越受歡迎，甚至小有名氣，所以選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

17.考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)leadonto“引導(dǎo)到”；B選項(xiàng)inturn“反過來”；C選項(xiàng)byturn“輪流”；D選項(xiàng)further“更遠(yuǎn)地”。根據(jù)句意“購物中心越來越受歡迎，這反過來又導(dǎo)致了更大、更好，庫存充足的商店的建立。”選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

18.考查語法時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)后面的關(guān)鍵信息“hadalmostdeveloped”可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)為完成時(shí)，只有選項(xiàng)A符合要求。By+一段時(shí)間表示“到……的時(shí)候”。

19.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)cheapness“廉價(jià)”；B選項(xiàng)readiness“敏捷，迅速”；C選項(xiàng)convenience“便利”；D選項(xiàng)handiness“輕便，靈巧”。根據(jù)原文可知，這里應(yīng)該是提供一站式購物的便利，所以選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

20.考查連詞辨析。根據(jù)句意“購物中心被改造成景觀公園，配有長椅、噴泉和戶外娛樂設(shè)施?！边@里應(yīng)該用with表伴隨，選項(xiàng)C正確。

9.單選題

Theprincipleofarocketmotorissimple,（）rocketsareverycomplicatedmachines.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.largebutwhichpowerful

B.butlarge,powerful

C.largealthoughpowerful

D.solarge,powerful

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞以及邏輯關(guān)系。由空格后rockets名詞，以及給出的選項(xiàng)可知此處應(yīng)填入形容詞修飾名詞。句意：火箭發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的原理很簡單，（）火箭是非常復(fù)雜的機(jī)器。前文的簡單和后文的復(fù)雜形成對(duì)比，因?yàn)锽選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Oneofthereasonsforhispopularityinourvillageisthathe（）almosteveryoneeverytimewhenhecomesbackfromthebigcity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asksafter

B.runsfor

C.bringsup

D.takesafter

【答案】A

【解析】askafter探問,問候；runfor競選；bringup提出；takeafter與…相像。句意：他在我們村里受歡迎的原因之一是,他幾乎每次從大城市回來都會(huì)問候所有人。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

11.單選題

Heclaimsthatadvertisingtodaytendstoportraywomenintraditionalrolessuchascookingortakingcareofthebaby.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.depict

B.advocate

C.criticize

D.analyze

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他聲稱，如今的廣告傾向于將女性塑造成做飯或照顧孩子等傳統(tǒng)角色。選項(xiàng)A與劃線部分意思最為接近。

12.單選題

Intheir（）

thegroupsoldasmanyrecordsasalltheothergroupsinthecountryputtogether.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eulogy

B.heyday

C.summit

D.mundaneness

【答案】B

【解析】eulogy“頌詞”；heyday“全盛期”；summit“頂點(diǎn)”；mundaneness“世俗，平凡”。句意：在他們的全盛時(shí)期，這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的銷售量是本國其他所有團(tuán)隊(duì)的銷售量總和。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Recentyearshavebroughtminority-ownedbusinessesintheUnitedStatesunprecedentedopportunities—aswellasnewandsignificantrisks.CivilrightsactivistshavelongarguedthatoneoftheprincipalreasonswhyBlacks,Hispanics,andotherminoritygroupshavedifficultyestablishingthemselvesinbusinessisthattheylackaccesstothesizableordersandsubcontractsthataregeneratedbylargecompanies.NowCongress,inapparentagreement,hasrequiredbylawthatbusinessesawardedfederalcontractsofmorethan$500,000dotheirbesttofindminoritysubcontractorsandrecordtheireffortstodosoonformsfiledwiththegovernment.Indeed,somefederalandlocalagencieshavegonesofarastosetspecificpercentagegoalsforapportioningpartsofpublicworkscontractstominorityenterprises.

Corporateresponseappearstohavebeensubstantial.Accordingtofigurescollectedin1977,thetotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesrosefrom$77millionin1972to$1.1billionin1977.Theprojectedtotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesfortheearly1980’sisestimatedtobeover53billionperyearwithnoletupanticipatedinthenextdecade.Promisingasitisforminoritybusinesses,thisincreasedpatronageposesdangersforthem,too.First,minorityfirmsriskexpandingtoofastandoverextendingthemselvesfinancially,sincemostaresmallconcernsand,unlikelargebusinesses,theyoftenneedtomakesubstantialinvestmentsinnewplants,staff,equipment,andthelikeinordertoperformworksubcontractedtothem.If,thereafter,theirsubcontractsareforsomereasonreduced,suchfirmscanfacepotentiallycripplingfixedexpenses.Theworldofcorporatepurchasingcanbefrustratingforsmallentrepreneurswhogetrequestsforelaborateformalestimatesandbids.Bothconsumevaluabletimeandresources,andasmallcompany’seffortsmustsoonresultinorders,orboththemoraleandthefinancialhealthofthebusinesswillsuffer.

AsecondriskisthatWhite-ownedcompaniesmayseektocashinontheincreasingapportionmentsthroughformationofjointventureswithminority-ownedconcerns.Ofcourse,inmanyinstancestherearelegitimatereasonsforjointventures;clearly,Whiteandminorityenterprisescanteamuptoacquirebusinessthatneithercouldacquirealone.ButcivilrightsgroupsandminoritybusinessownershavecomplainedtoCongressaboutminoritiesbeingsetupas“fronts”withWhitebacking,ratherthanbeingacceptedasfullpartnersinlegitimatejointventures.

Third,aminorityenterprisethatsecuresthebusinessofonelargecorporatecustomeroftenrunsthedangerofbecoming—andremaining—dependent.Eveninthebestofcircumstances,fiercecompetitionfromlarger,moreestablishedcompaniesmakesitdifficultforsmallconcernstobroadentheircustomerbases:whensuchfirmshavenearlyguaranteedordersfromasinglecorporatebenefactor,theymaytrulyhavetostruggleagainstcomplacencyarisingfromtheircurrentsuccess.

31.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.

32.Accordingtothepassage,civilrightsactivistsmaintainthatonedisadvantageunderwhichminority-ownedbusinesseshavetraditionallyhadtolaboristhattheyhave______.

33.Thepassagesuggeststhatthefailureofalargebusinesstohaveitsbidsforsubcontractsresultquicklyinordersmightcauseitto______.

34.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,comparedwiththerequirementsoflaw,thepercentagegoalssetby“somefederalandlocalagencies”(inParagraph1)are______.

35.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakentheauthor’sassertionthat,inthe1970’s,corporateresponsetofederalrequirements(inParagraph2)wassubstantial?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentacommonplaceideaanditsinaccuracies

B.describeasituationanditspotentialdrawbacks

C.proposeatemporarysolutiontoaproblem

D.exploretheimplicationsofafinding

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.beenespeciallyvulnerabletogovernmentalmismanagementoftheeconomy

B.beendeniedbankloansatratescomparabletothoseaffordedlargercompetitors

C.nothadsufficientopportunitytosecurebusinesscreatedbylargecorporations

D.nothadadequaterepresentationinthecentersofgovernmentpower

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.experiencefrustrationbutnotseriousfinancialharm

B.facepotentiallycripplingfixedexpenses

C.havetorecorditseffortsonformsfiledwiththegovernment

D.increaseitsspendingwithminoritysubcontractors

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.morepopularwithlargecorporations

B.morespecific

C.lesscontroversial

D.easiertocomplywith

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Between1970and1972,corporatecontractswithminority-ownedbusinessesdeclinedby25percent.

B.Thefigurescollectedin1977underrepresentedtheextentofcorporatecontractswithminority-ownedbusinesses.

C.Theestimateofcorporatespendingwithminority-ownedbusinessesin1980isapproximately$10milliontoohigh.

D.The$1.1billionrepresentedthesamepercentageoftotalcorporatespendingin1977asdid$77millionin1972.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】31.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

31.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.31.文章的主要目的是為了______。

A.presentacommonplaceideaanditsinaccuraciesA.提出一個(gè)老生常談的觀點(diǎn)及其不準(zhǔn)確之處

B.describeasituationanditspotentialdrawbacksB.描述一種情況及其潛在的缺點(diǎn)

C.proposeatemporarysolutiontoaproblemC.對(duì)一個(gè)問題提出臨時(shí)的解決方案

D.exploretheimplicationsofafindingD.探索一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)的含義

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是總分結(jié)構(gòu)；文章第一句是“近年來，美國的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)既面臨前所未有的機(jī)遇，也面臨新的重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，可知文章討論的主題是美國少數(shù)民族企業(yè)所面臨的機(jī)遇和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；文章第一段和第二段前半部分討論的是機(jī)遇的一面，后面部分討論的是少數(shù)民族企業(yè)面臨的三個(gè)潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；所以推斷，文章的目的是為了描述少數(shù)民族企業(yè)所面臨的機(jī)遇以及潛在的一些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和缺陷，所以B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)中的inaccuracies并不符合原文中的risk，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)在原文并沒有討論所面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的解決辦法；

D選項(xiàng)沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

32.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

32.Accordingtothepassage,civilrightsactivistsmaintainthatonedisadvantageunderwhichminority-ownedbusinesseshavetraditionallyhadtolaboristhattheyhave______.32.根據(jù)文章，民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)人士認(rèn)為，少數(shù)民族企業(yè)傳統(tǒng)上不得不面對(duì)的一個(gè)不利條件是，他們______。

A.beenespeciallyvuln