考研考博-英語-六盤水幼兒師范高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-六盤水幼兒師范高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Leadersknowthatthentherearetwoopinionsonanissue,oneisnotboundtobewrong.Theyrecognizethathustleandrusharethealliesofsuperficiality.Theyareopentonewideas,buttheyexploretheirramificationsthoroughly.

Successfulleadersareemotionallyandintellectuallyorientedtothefuture—notweddedtothepast.Theyhaveahungertotakeresponsibility,toinnovate,andtoinitiate.Theyarenotcontentwithmerelytakingcareofwhat’salreadythere.Theywanttomoveforwardtocreatesomethingnew.

Leadersprovideanswersaswellasdirection,offerstrengthaswellasdedication,andspeakfromexperienceaswellasunderstandingoftheproblemstheyfaceandthepeopletheyworkwith.

【答案】領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者知道，在一個(gè)問題上有兩種觀點(diǎn)，其中一種不一定是錯(cuò)的。他們認(rèn)識(shí)到，忙亂和匆忙是膚淺的盟友。他們樂于接受新思想，但也會(huì)徹底探討其后果。

成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者在情感和智力上都是面向未來的，而不是拘泥于過去。他們渴望承擔(dān)責(zé)任，渴望創(chuàng)新，渴望開拓進(jìn)取。他們不滿足于只關(guān)心已經(jīng)存在的東西。他們希望向前邁進(jìn)，創(chuàng)造新的東西。

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者既能提供答案，也能指明方向，既能提供力量，也能付出奉獻(xiàn)精神，既能根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)說話，也能理解他們所面臨的問題和與他們一起工作的人。

2.單選題

Duringhis10yearsofserviceinTibetheworkedmuchmorethanwhichwasgoodforhishealthandnowheisvirtuallyaninvalid.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.yearsofservice

B.thanwhich

C.for

D.virtually

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，than引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)比較狀語從句，表示的是“他工作遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了對(duì)他健康有益的范圍/程度”，which是指“哪一個(gè)”，在這里應(yīng)該改為what，指“什么”。句意：在西藏服務(wù)的10年里，他的工作遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了對(duì)健康有益的范圍，他實(shí)際上是一個(gè)殘疾人。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Arecentsurveyshowsthat,whileninety-fourpercentofcompaniesconductingmanagement-train-ingprogramsopenthemtowomen，womenare（）onlyseventy-fourpercentofthosepro-grams.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.protestingagainst

B.participatingin

C.displeasedby

D.allowedin

【答案】B

【解析】短語辨析。句意：最近的調(diào)查顯示，盡管有94%的公司向婦女開放管理培訓(xùn)課程，婦女在這項(xiàng)目中也只有74%的（）。

protestingagainst抗議；participatingin參與；displeasedby不開心；allowedin被允許。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ThedevelopmentofjazzcanbeseenaspartofthelargercontinuumofAmericanpopularmusic,especiallydancemusic.Inthetwenties,jazzbecamethehottestnewthingindancemusic,muchasragtimehadattheturnofthecentury,andaswouldrhythmandbluesinthefifties,rockinthefifties,anddiscointheseventies.Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstisimprovisation,thechangingofamusicalphraseaccordingtotheplayer’sinspiration.Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.Inearlyjazz,musiciansoftenimprovisedmelodiescollectively,thuscreatingakindofpolyphony.Therewaslittlesoloingassuch,althoughsomeNewOrleansplayers,particularlycometplayerBuddyBolden,achievedlocalfamefortheirabilitytoimproviseasolo.Latertheideaofthechorus-longormulticoursesolotookhold.LouisArmstrong’sinstrumentalbrilliance,demonstratedthroughextendedsolos,wasamajorinfluenceinthisdevelopment.

Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.Unimproved,completelystructuredjazzdoesexist,buttheabilityofthebestjazzmusicianstocreatemusicofgreatcohesionandbeautyduringperformancehasbeenahallmarkofthemusicanditsmajorsourceofinspirationandchange.Theseconddistinguishingcharacteristicofjazzisarhythmicdrivethatwasinitiallycalled“hot”andlater“swing”.Inplayinghot,amusicianconsciouslydepartsfromstrictmetertocreatearelaxedsenseofphrasingthatalsoemphasizestheunderlyingrhythms.(“Rough”toneanduseofmoderatevibratoalsocontributedtoahotsound.)Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.Still,theproclivitytoplayhotdistinguishedthejazzmusicianfromotherinstrumentalists.

1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

2.Accordingtothepassage,jazzmusiciansareabletodemonstratetheirindividualartistrymainlyby?

3.Whichofthefollowingwasthefunctionof“get-off”musicians?

4.Theword“unadorned”isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Thetopicofthepassageisdevelopedprimarilybymeansof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whichearlyjazzmusiciansmostinfluencedrhythmandbluesmusic?

B.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenjazzandotherformsofmusic?

C.WhyisdancingcloselyrelatedtopopularmusicintheUnitedStates?

D.Whatinstrumentscomprisedatypicaljazzbandofthe1920’s?

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.creatingmusicalvariationswhileperforming

B.preparingmusicalarrangements

C.readingmusicwithgreatskill

D.beingabletoplayalltypesofpopularmusic

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Assisttheotherbandmembersinpackingupafteraperformance.

B.Teachdanceroutinescreatedfornewmusic.

C.Leadtheband.

D.Providesoloperformancesinabandororchestra.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.lovely

B.plain

C.disorganized

D.inexpensive

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.dividingthediscussionintotwomajorareas

B.presentingcontrastingpointsofview

C.providingbiographiesoffamousmusician

D.describinghistoricaleventsinsequence

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文中討論了爵士樂和其他形式的音樂，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)將爵士樂和其他形式的音樂區(qū)分開來”，之后的段落就一直圍繞著這兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)展開，由此可知B選項(xiàng)“爵士音樂與其他形式的音樂最大的區(qū)別是什么”符合文章大意，A選項(xiàng)“哪位早期的爵士樂手對(duì)節(jié)奏和藍(lán)調(diào)音樂影響最大”，并沒有談?wù)摵芏鄻肥?；C選項(xiàng)“為什么美國的舞蹈和音樂的聯(lián)系那么密切”，文章沒有談及美國的舞蹈，只開始一句帶過；D選項(xiàng)“什么樂器組成了19世紀(jì)20年代最典型的爵士樂隊(duì)”，樂器方面也并未過多說明。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段提到Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.和所有的藝術(shù)家一樣，爵士音樂家追求自己獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格，即興創(chuàng)作或意譯是爵士音樂家展示自己個(gè)性的主要機(jī)會(huì)。A選項(xiàng)“在表演時(shí)創(chuàng)造音樂的變化”與原文意思相同；B選項(xiàng)“準(zhǔn)備音樂改編”，不是準(zhǔn)備好的音樂，而是即興的；C選項(xiàng)“有技巧的閱讀音樂”并未提及；選項(xiàng)D“能夠演奏所有類型的流行音樂”也不對(duì)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合文章第二段Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.“即使在二十世紀(jì)初，一些爵士樂隊(duì)也有獨(dú)唱的特色。類似地，表演樂團(tuán)和嘉年華樂隊(duì)通常也會(huì)有一兩個(gè)這樣的“get-off”音樂家?！笨芍?，“get-off”音樂家的功能是獨(dú)唱。A選項(xiàng)“演出結(jié)束后，協(xié)助其他樂隊(duì)成員收拾行裝”并未涉及；B選項(xiàng)“教新音樂的舞蹈動(dòng)作”，文中只提到獨(dú)唱并沒有說舞蹈動(dòng)作；C選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)樂隊(duì)”與原文不符；D選項(xiàng)“在樂隊(duì)或管弦樂隊(duì)中提供獨(dú)奏表演”與原文提到的獨(dú)唱特色相對(duì)應(yīng)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:詞義推測題。由unadorned這個(gè)詞定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.“然而，并不是所有的爵士樂都是熱門的，許多早期的樂隊(duì)演奏的是未經(jīng)修飾的已出版的流行歌曲?！庇纱丝芍瑄nadorned的意思為“未經(jīng)修飾的，樸素的”。A選項(xiàng)“可愛的”意思不同；B選項(xiàng)“平的，普通的，樸素的”與之意思一致；C選項(xiàng)“紊亂的”錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“便宜的”可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。結(jié)合51題內(nèi)容，文中討論了爵士樂和其他形式的音樂，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)將爵士樂和其他形式的音樂區(qū)分開來”，之后的段落就一直圍繞著這兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)展開敘述，所以這篇文章的主題主要是通過分開表述爵士樂區(qū)分其他音樂的兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)展開的。A選項(xiàng)“把討論分成兩個(gè)主要部分”符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“提出相反的觀點(diǎn)”，原文沒有提出其他相反觀點(diǎn)，B錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“提供著名音樂家的傳記”，文中沒有涉及音樂人物傳記；D選項(xiàng)“按順序描述歷史事件”文章并未敘述歷史事件，可以排除。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Youshouldknowbetterthan（

）yourlittlesisterathomebyherself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toleave

B.leaving

C.tohaveleft

D.left

【答案】A

【解析】句意:你應(yīng)該很清楚不應(yīng)該把你妹妹一個(gè)人留在家里。

固定搭配。knowbetterthantodosth.很清楚不應(yīng)該做……。

6.單選題

Underthereignofthedictatorialpowers,alltheperiodicalstowhichthelibrary（）mustbescrutinizedbyacommitteeofcensorship.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subscribes

B.contributes

C.subtracts

D.rakes

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。subscribeto“預(yù)訂，同意，訂閱”。句意：在獨(dú)裁政權(quán)統(tǒng)治下，圖書館訂閱的所有期刊都必須接受審查委員會(huì)的審查。根據(jù)句意可知A為正確答案。

7.單選題

Themanagerrealizedtheimportanceofqualifiedstaff,andurgedall________toparticipateinthetrainingprogram.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concerning

B.theconcerning

C.concerned

D.theconcerned

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞的用法。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都跟concerned有關(guān)，句意：經(jīng)理意識(shí)到了合格員工的重要性，并且敦促所有（）參加培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目。A，B選項(xiàng)沒有名詞詞義，代入句中會(huì)造成賓語缺失，所以排除；The+形容詞表示一類人，因?yàn)閏oncerning沒有形容詞的詞性，所以D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，答案選C。

8.單選題

Thegovernment'spoliciesinthepastfiveyearshaveshowna(n)（）inemphasizingthenecessityofimprovingthepeasants’livelihood.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.behavior

B.agony

C.coherence

D.exaltation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。behavior“行為；舉止”；agony“苦惱”；coherence“一致；連貫性”；exaltation“欣喜；提拔”。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語inthepastfiveyears(在過去五年)可知政府對(duì)提高農(nóng)民生活水平的持續(xù)關(guān)注，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Policefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5,000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates.Morethan135,000demonstratorsconfrontedpoliceontheconstructionsiteofa1,000-megawattnuclearpowerplantscheduledtoprovidepowertomostofsouthernNewHampshire.Organizersofthehugedemonstrationsaid,theprotestwascontinuingdespitethepoliceactions.Moredemonstratorswerearrivingtokeepupthepressureonstateauthoritiestocanceltheproject.Thedemonstratorhadchargedthattheprojectwasunsafeinthedenselypopulatedarea,wouldcreatethermalpollutioninthebay,andhadnoacceptablemeansfordisposingofitsradioactivewasters.Thedemonstrationswouldgoonuntilthejailsandthecourtsweresooverloadedthatthestatejudicialsystemwouldcollapse.

GovernorStanforthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthepowerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetforcompletioninthreeyears.“Thisprojectwillbeginontimeandthepeopleofthisstatewillbegintoreceiveitsbenefitsonschedule.Thosewhobreakthelawinmisguidedattemptstosabotagetheprojectwillbedealtwithaccordingtothelaw,”hesaid.Andpolicecalledinreinforcementsfromalloverthestatetohandlethedisturbances.

TheprotestsbeganbeforedawnFridaywhenseveralthousanddemonstratorsbrokethroughpolicelinesaroundthecordoned-offconstructionsite.Theyearnedplacardsthatread“NoNukesisGoodNukes,”“Sunpower,NotNuclearPower”and“StopPrivateProfitsfromPublicPeril”.Theydefiedpoliceordertomovefromthearea.Teargascanistersfiredbypolicefailedtodislodgetheprotestorswhohadcomepreparedwiththeirowngasmasksorfacecloths.Finallygas-maskedandhelmetedpolicechargedintothecrowdtodragoffthedemonstratorsonebyone.Theprotestorsdidnotresistpolice,butrefusedtowalkawayundertheirownpower.Thosearrestedwouldbechargedwithunlawfulassembly,trespassing,anddisturbingthepeace.

41.___werethedemonstratorsprotestingabout?

42.Whohadgas-masks?

43.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTmentionedasareasonforthedemonstration?

44.Withwhomwerethejailsandcourtsoverloaded?

45.WhatistheattitudeofGovernorStanforthThumpertowardthepowerprojectandthedemonstration?

Notes:1.cordon警戒線，警戒；2.nuke（美俚）核武器，核電站；3.defy公然，蔑視；4.canister罐，筒，榴霰彈筒；5.dislodge趕走

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Privateprofits

B.NuclearPowerStation

C.Theprojectofnuclearpowerconstruction

D.Publicperil

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Everybody

B.Apartoftheprotestors

C.Policemen

D.BothBandC

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Publictransportation

B.Publicperil

C.Pollution

D.Disposalofwastes

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Withprisoners

B.Witharresteddemonstrators

C.Withcriminals

D.Withprotestors

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.stubborn

B.insistent

C.insolvable

D.remissible

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】41.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Policefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5,000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates…Organizersofthehugedemonstrationsaid,theprotestwascontinuingdespitethepoliceactions.Moredemonstratorswerearrivingtokeepupthepressureonstateauthoritiestocanceltheproject.（周五，在試圖驅(qū)散美國有史以來規(guī)模最大的反核示威活動(dòng)中，警方發(fā)射了催淚瓦斯，并逮捕了5000多名消極反抗的抗議者。越來越多的示威者涌來，繼續(xù)向國家當(dāng)局施壓，要求取消這個(gè)項(xiàng)目）以及第二段開頭GovernorStanforthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthepowerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetforcompletioninthreeyears.（斯坦福斯?桑珀州長堅(jiān)持說，不會(huì)重新考慮這個(gè)電力項(xiàng)目，也不會(huì)推遲計(jì)劃在三年內(nèi)完成的建設(shè)）可知示威者抗議的是核電建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，核電站還未建成，選C選項(xiàng)“核電建設(shè)項(xiàng)目”，同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“核電站”錯(cuò)誤；A選項(xiàng)“私人利潤”以及B選項(xiàng)“公共危機(jī)”和原文不符。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

42.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“gas-masks”定位到原文最后一段Teargascanistersfiredbypolicefailedtodislodgetheprotestorswhohadcomepreparedwiththeirowngasmasksorfacecloths.Finallygas-maskedandhelmetedpolicechargedintothecrowdtodragoffthedemonstratorsonebyone.（警察發(fā)射的催淚彈并沒有把帶著防毒面具或面罩的抗議者趕走。最后，戴著防毒面具和頭盔的警察沖進(jìn)人群，一個(gè)一個(gè)地拖走了示威者）可知警察和示威者都有防毒面具，選D選項(xiàng)“B和C”；A選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)人”范圍太大；B選項(xiàng)“一部分抗議者”以及C選項(xiàng)“警察”都不完整。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

43.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Thedemonstratorhadchargedthattheprojectwasunsafeinthedenselypopulatedarea,wouldcreatethermalpollutioninthebay,andhadnoacceptablemeansfordisposingofitsradioactivewasters.（示威者指責(zé)該項(xiàng)目在人口密集的地區(qū)是不安全的，會(huì)對(duì)海灣造成熱污染，而且沒有可接受的處理放射性廢料的方法）可知B選項(xiàng)“公共危險(xiǎn)”，C選項(xiàng)“污染”，D選項(xiàng)“廢物的處置”都有提及；A選項(xiàng)“公共交通”未提及。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

44.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“jailsandcourts”定位到原文第一段最后一句Thedemonstrationswouldgoonuntilthejailsandthecourtsweresooverloadedthatthestatejudicialsystemwouldcollapse.（示威活動(dòng)將持續(xù)下去，直到監(jiān)獄和法院超負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，以致國家司法系統(tǒng)崩潰）可知示威者準(zhǔn)備通過坐牢這一途徑表示絕不服輸，選B選項(xiàng)“被捕的示威者”，被捕的示威者最可能導(dǎo)致監(jiān)獄和法庭超載，同時(shí)可知D選項(xiàng)“示威者”錯(cuò)誤，示威者還沒有到被捕的程度，不是最佳選擇；A選項(xiàng)“囚犯”和C選項(xiàng)“罪犯”與原文無關(guān)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

45.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“StanforthThumper”定位到原文第二段GovernorStanforthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthepowerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetforcompletioninthreeyears.（斯坦福斯?桑珀州長堅(jiān)持說，不會(huì)重新考慮這個(gè)電力項(xiàng)目，也不會(huì)推遲計(jì)劃在三年內(nèi)完成的建設(shè)）以及第二段Thisprojectwillbeginontime…Andpolicecalledinreinforcementsfromalloverthestatetohandlethedisturbances.（這項(xiàng)工程將按時(shí)開始……警方從整個(gè)州調(diào)來了增援部隊(duì)來處理騷亂）可推測斯坦福斯?桑珀不會(huì)因?yàn)橥饨绲挠绊懜淖儧Q定，即使動(dòng)用警力也在所不惜，選A選項(xiàng)“固執(zhí)”；B選項(xiàng)“堅(jiān)持”的程度沒有A選項(xiàng)深，不能更確切地表達(dá)斯坦福斯?桑珀的觀點(diǎn)；C選項(xiàng)“不能解決的”以及D選項(xiàng)“可寬恕的”和原文無關(guān)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.翻譯題

Twomodesofargumentationhavebeenusedonbehalfofwomen’semancipationinWesternsocieties.Argumentsinwhatcouldbecalledthe“relational”feministtraditionmaintainthedoctrineof“equalityindifference”,orequityasdistinctfromequality.Theycontendthatbiologicaldistinctionsbetweenthesexesresultinanecessarysexualdivisionoflaborinthefamilyandthroughoutsocietyandthatwomen’sprocreativelaboriscurrentlyundervaluedbysociety,tothedisadvantageofwomen.Bycontrast,theindividualistfeministtraditionemphasizesindividualhumanrightsandcerebrates(崇尚)women’squestforpersonalautonomy,whiledownplayingtheimportanceofgenderrolesandminimizingdiscussionofchildbearinganditsattendantresponsibilities.Beforethelatenineteenthcentury,theseviewscoexistedwithinthefeministmovement,oftenwithinthewritingsofthesameindividual.Between1890and1920,however,relationalfeminism,whichhadbeenthedominantstraininfeministthoughtandwhich,stillpredominatesamongEuropeanandnon-Westernfeminists,lostgroundinEnglandandtheUnitedStates.Becausetheconceptofindividualrightswasalreadywell-establishedintheAnglo-Saxonlegalandpoliticaltradition,individualistfeminismcametopredominateinEnglish-speakingcountries.Atthesametime,thegoalsofthetwoapproachesbegantoseemincreasinglyirreconcilable.Individualistfeministsbegantoadvocateatotallygender-blindsystemwithequalrightsforall.Relationalfeminists,whileagreeingthatequaleducationalandeconomicopportunitiesoutsidethehomeshouldbeavailableforallwomen,continuedtoemphasizewomen’sspecialcontributionstosocietyashomemakersandmothers.Theydemandedspecialtreatmentforwomen,includingprotectivelegislationforwomenworkers,state-sponsoredmaternitybenefits,andpaidcompensationforhousework.

Relationalargumentshaveamajorpitfall:becausetheyunderlinewomen’sphysiologicalandpsychologicaldistinctiveness,theyareoftenappropriatedbypoliticaladversariesandusedtoendorsemaleprivilege.Buttheindividualistapproach,byattackinggenderroles,denyingthesignificanceofphysiologicaldifference,andcondemningexistingfamilialinstitutionsashopelesslypatriarchal,hasoftensimplytreatedasirrelevantthefamilyrolesimportanttomanywomen.Iftheindividualistframework,withitsclaimforwomen’sautonomy,couldbeharmonizedwiththefamily-orientedconcernsofrelationalfeminists,amorefruitfulmodelforcontemporaryfeministpoliticscouldemerge.

【答案】相比之下，利己的女權(quán)主義傳統(tǒng)強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人的人權(quán)并崇尚婦女追求個(gè)人的自主，卻貶低性別角色的重要性并減少對(duì)生育子女和撫養(yǎng)子女責(zé)任的探討。

然而，從1890年到1920年，關(guān)系論的女權(quán)主義在女權(quán)思想中占主導(dǎo)地位而且現(xiàn)在仍然在歐洲和非西方女權(quán)主義者中占優(yōu)勢，它在英國和美國失去了影響。

但是利己主義的研究方法，通過抨擊性別角色，否定生理差別的重要性，譴責(zé)現(xiàn)存家庭體制是不可救藥的家長制,常常將對(duì)許多婦女來說非常重要的家庭角色僅視為毫不重要的事情。

11.單選題

Mostoftheflightshaveabaggage（

）of44lbsperpassenger.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.budget

B.reservation

C.allowance

D.limitation

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)budget“預(yù)算”；B選項(xiàng)reservation“預(yù)約，預(yù)定”；C選項(xiàng)allowance“津貼，零用錢”；D選項(xiàng)limitation“限制，限度”。句意為：大多數(shù)航班乘客的行李限重44磅。limitation“限制，限度”符合題意，故答案為D。

12.單選題

Thelittlegirlfeltincreasinglyuneasywhilewaitingforhermotheratthebus-stop.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.difficult

B.excited

C.relieved

D.restless

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。uneasy表示“不容易的”；A項(xiàng)difficult“困難的”，B項(xiàng)excited“激動(dòng)人心的”，C項(xiàng)relieved“感到寬慰的，放心的”，D項(xiàng)restless“焦躁不安的，不安寧的”。句意：小女孩在公共汽車站等媽媽時(shí)感到越來越不安。根據(jù)句意可知D項(xiàng)正確。

13.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.

Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.

WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWar2,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothePublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,”Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘a(chǎn)termofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare’.”

Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccritics,andastylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.

IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectseemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.

1.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that______.

2.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWWIIwerecharacterizedby______.

3.WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?

4.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?

5.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers

B.English-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews

C.high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders

D.youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.freethemes

B.casualstyle

C.elaboratelayout

D.radicalviewpoints

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itiswriters’dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.

B.Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.

C.Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.

D.Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.

B.Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.

C.Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.

D.Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays.

B.TheLostHorizoninNewspapers.

C.MournfulDeclineofJournalism.

D.ProminentCriticsinMemory.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that______.1.第1段和第2段表明______。

A.artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapersA.藝術(shù)評(píng)論已經(jīng)從大城市的報(bào)紙上消失了

B.English-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviewsB.英語報(bào)紙過去具有更多的藝術(shù)評(píng)論

C.high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreadersC.高質(zhì)量的報(bào)紙擁有大量的讀者

D.youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailiesD.年輕讀者懷疑日?qǐng)?bào)上的評(píng)論是否合適

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“在過去四分之一世紀(jì)中，英語報(bào)紙上所發(fā)生的最有影響力的變化的可能是藝術(shù)報(bào)道的范圍和嚴(yán)肅性的不可阻擋的下降（inexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage）”，和第二段內(nèi)容“對(duì)于40歲以下的普通讀者來說，很難想象這樣一個(gè)時(shí)代，即大多數(shù)大城市的報(bào)紙上都能找到高質(zhì)量的藝術(shù)評(píng)論。然而，在20世紀(jì)出版的大量最重要的批評(píng)文集中，很大一部分是由報(bào)紙?jiān)u論組成的（consistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews）。如今讀到這樣的書的人不禁會(huì)對(duì)下面這個(gè)事實(shí)感到驚訝：這些評(píng)論之前竟然被認(rèn)為適合在面向大眾的日?qǐng)?bào)上刊登?！睆闹锌芍?，這兩段討論的主要是英語報(bào)紙的藝術(shù)評(píng)論，從第一段中的inexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage（藝術(shù)報(bào)道的范圍和嚴(yán)肅性的不可阻擋的下降）和第二段中的consistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews（很大一部分是由報(bào)紙?jiān)u論組成的）可以看出，文章前兩段是在強(qiáng)調(diào)以前的報(bào)紙關(guān)于藝術(shù)評(píng)論的數(shù)量很多，B項(xiàng)“英語報(bào)紙過去具有更多的藝術(shù)評(píng)論”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)評(píng)論已經(jīng)從大城市的報(bào)紙上消失了”，原文只是說decline，沒有說消失，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“高質(zhì)量的報(bào)紙擁有大量的讀者”沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

D項(xiàng)“年輕讀者懷疑日?qǐng)?bào)上的評(píng)論是否合適”，從第二段最后一句中的marvelatthefact（感到驚訝）可知，marvel是大為驚訝的意思，常含贊嘆之意，表明讀者其實(shí)是贊同這些評(píng)論可以在報(bào)紙上刊登，該項(xiàng)中的doubt與marvel意思相反，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWWIIwerecharacterizedby______.2.英國二戰(zhàn)前的報(bào)紙?jiān)u論以______為特征。

A.freethemesA.自由主題

B.casualstyleB.隨意體

C.elaboratelayoutC.精心布局

D.radicalviewpointsD.激進(jìn)的觀點(diǎn)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第三段第一句“我們甚至遠(yuǎn)離了20世紀(jì)初到第二次世界大戰(zhàn)前夕在英國發(fā)表的無重點(diǎn)的報(bào)紙?jiān)u論（theunfocusednewspaperreviews）……”，從中可知英國二戰(zhàn)前的報(bào)紙?jiān)u論是以u(píng)nfocused為重點(diǎn)，而unfocused的意思是“notconcentratedatonepointorupononeobjective（不專注于一點(diǎn)或一個(gè)目標(biāo)）”，也就是說主題沒有唯一性，A項(xiàng)“自由主題”中的free的英文解釋是unrestricted，是unfocused的同義替換，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“隨意體”，根據(jù)第三段二、三句“在那些遙遠(yuǎn)的日子里，主要報(bào)紙的評(píng)論家們詳盡地（indetailandatlength）報(bào)道他們所報(bào)道的事件是理所當(dāng)然的。他們的工作是嚴(yán)肅的（aseriousbusiness）……。”可知，英國二戰(zhàn)前的報(bào)紙?jiān)u論的主題雖然是unfocused，但是內(nèi)容非常詳盡且嚴(yán)肅，與B項(xiàng)中的casual相反，故該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“精心布局”中l(wèi)ayout并沒有提到，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D項(xiàng)“激進(jìn)的觀點(diǎn)”沒有提到，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?3.下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)肖和紐曼最可能同意？

A.Itiswriters’dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.A.實(shí)現(xiàn)新聞目標(biāo)是作家的職責(zé)。

B.Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.B.作家當(dāng)記者是可恥的。

C.Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.C.作家們很可能受到誘惑而從事新聞業(yè)。

D.Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.D.不是所有的作家都具備新聞寫作的能力。

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段最后一句“紐曼寫道：很少有作家有足夠的頭腦或文學(xué)天賦把自己的目標(biāo)放在新聞事業(yè)上（fewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism）……”可知，很少有作家具備新聞寫作的頭腦和文學(xué)天賦，D項(xiàng)“不是所有的作家都具備新聞寫作的能力”中的notall與文中的few同義替換，故該題選擇D項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“實(shí)現(xiàn)新聞目標(biāo)是作家的職責(zé)”和C項(xiàng)“作家們很可能受到誘惑而從事新聞業(yè)”沒有提到，這兩項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B項(xiàng)“作家當(dāng)記者是可恥的”，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句“這些人相信新聞工作是一種職業(yè)，并以在日?qǐng)?bào)上發(fā)表文章為榮”可知，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?4.根據(jù)最后兩段可以了解到關(guān)于卡德斯的什么信息？

A.Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.A.他的音樂評(píng)論也許對(duì)今天的讀者沒有吸引力。

B.Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.B.他作為音樂評(píng)論家的聲譽(yù)長期以來飽受爭議。

C.Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.C.他的風(fēng)格很大程度上迎合了現(xiàn)代專家的口味。

D.Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.D.他的作品沒有遵循業(yè)余的傳統(tǒng)。

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段第三句“早在他（卡德斯）去世之前，新聞的口味就已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的變化，后現(xiàn)代主義讀者對(duì)他所擅長的華麗的維多利亞式散文已經(jīng)不感興趣了（havelittleusefor）”可知，新聞業(yè)的品味已經(jīng)改變，讀者不再需要卡德斯所擅長的風(fēng)格，也就是說今天的讀者對(duì)卡德斯的音樂評(píng)論不感興趣，A項(xiàng)“他的音樂評(píng)論也許對(duì)今天的讀者沒有吸引力”中的notappealto是havelittleusefor的同義替換，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“他作為音樂評(píng)論家的聲譽(yù)長期以來飽受爭議”，原文沒有提到他的名聲有爭議，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C項(xiàng)“他的風(fēng)格很大程度上迎合了現(xiàn)代專家的口味”，新聞業(yè)口味的改變使得讀者對(duì)卡德斯的風(fēng)格并不敢興趣，同樣也不會(huì)迎合專家的口味，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“他的作品沒有遵循業(yè)余的傳統(tǒng)”，根據(jù)文章最后一句“音樂批評(píng)的業(yè)余傳統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在急速退卻”可知，原文并沒有提到卡德斯的作品是否遵循業(yè)余傳統(tǒng)，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?5.這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是什么？

A.NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays.A.報(bào)紙行業(yè)過去的黃金歲月。

B.TheLostHorizoninNewspapers.B.報(bào)紙行業(yè)消失的視野。

C.MournfulDeclineofJournalism.C.新聞業(yè)的悲哀衰落。

D.ProminentCriticsinMemory.D.記憶中的杰出評(píng)論家。

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先定位第一段，該段點(diǎn)明了文章的主題“在過去四分之一世紀(jì)中，英語報(bào)紙上所發(fā)生的最有影響力的變化可能是藝術(shù)報(bào)道的范圍和嚴(yán)肅性的不可阻擋的下降”，第二段承接第一段的內(nèi)容，然后第三段首句指出“不幸的是，這些批評(píng)實(shí)際上被遺忘了”，言語之間是作者對(duì)報(bào)紙?jiān)u論墮落的惋惜之情，最后第四段前兩句提到“卡德斯的批評(píng)有可能重新流行嗎？前景似乎很遙遠(yuǎn)”，再次點(diǎn)明了作者所討論的中心，即報(bào)紙行業(yè)的墮落，所以C項(xiàng)“新聞業(yè)的悲哀衰落”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“報(bào)紙行業(yè)過去的黃金歲月”和B項(xiàng)“報(bào)紙行業(yè)消失的視野”沒有表達(dá)出作者對(duì)報(bào)紙行業(yè)的惋惜之情，這兩項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“記憶中的杰出評(píng)論家”，本文的中心不是懷戀過去，而是批判現(xiàn)在的墮落，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

14.單選題

IntermsoftheevolutionoflifeonEarth,humanbeingshavejustarrived.(1)theirshorttimeonEarth,however,peoplehavebroughtaboutenormouschangestothesurfacesoftheplanet—changesfaroutof(2)totheintervaloftimetheyhave(3)it.

Withthe(4)ofintelligenceandmanualskill,peoplehavefoundwaystouseplantandanimalresources,mineralores,fuels,andsoon.AsthenumberofpeopleonEarthincreases,itbecomesincreasinglydifficultforthepopulationtosurvive(5)theresourcesoftheland.Theamountoflandislimited.Althoughagriculturalproductioncanbepromotedbyuseof(6)suchastractorsandtheadditionoffertilizer,theland(7)canproduceonlysomuchfoodandnomore.Ashumanpopulationgrows,people(8)more.

Peopleareonlyaverysmall(9)ofallthelivingthingsontheplanet.Yettheirnumberscreatea(10)onresourcesthatcan’tbe(11).Forexample,theamountofwateronEarthislimited;thiswateris(12)throughnaturalprocesses.However,thenaturalprocessesfor(13)cancleanonlyacertainamountofwater.(14),alimitednumberofpetroleumcanbefoundundertheEarth’ssurface.

Allnaturalsystemstendtoward(15)amongopposingfactorsorforces.Humanactivitiescancauseor(16)permanentchangesinnaturalsystems.The(17)smokefromthousandsoffactorieshascausedenormousairpollution.Cleaningthissmokehasexceededtheprotectiveabilityofnaturalprocesses.Theforestscannotcleantheairfastenough.Thetwentiethcenturybeganwithpowerfulcountriescompetingtotake(18)oftheEarth.(19)anoutcomeoftheirhunger,theEarthwasabused.Nowthatpeoplearenolonger(20)ofthecausesofthesicknessofourplanet,theyseekwaystorescuetheEarth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.For

B.Despite

C.In

D.Owingto

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.control

B.step

C.date

D.proportion

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.