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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京衛(wèi)生職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Therewasalong(

)silencebetweenthemafterhisangrywords.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.clumsy

B.inconvenient

C.funny

D.embarrassing

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他憤怒的話語(yǔ)使得他們之間出現(xiàn)了長(zhǎng)時(shí)間令人尷尬的沉默。

考查形容詞辨析。Clumsy笨拙的,inconvenient不便的,打擾的;funny有趣的,好笑的;embarrassing使人尷尬的,令人為難的。故D符合句意。

2.單選題

Howbesttosolvethepollutionproblemsofacitysunksodeepwithinsulfurouscloudsthatitwasdescribedashellonearth?Simplyanswered:Relocateallurbansmoke-creatingindustryandencirclethemetropolisofLondonwithsweetlyscentedflowersandeleganthedges.

Infact,asChristineL.Corton,aCambridgescholar,revealsinhernewbook,LondonFog,thisfragrantanti-smokeschemewasthebrainchildofJohnEvelyn,the17th-centurydiarist.KingCharlesIIwassaidtobemuchpleasedwithEvelyn’sidea,andabillagainstthesmokynuisancewasdulydrafted.Thennothingwasdone.Nobodyatthetime,andnobodyrightuptothemiddleofthe20th-century,waswillingtoputpublichealthabovebusinessinterests.

Andyetit’sasurprisetodiscoverhowbelovedafeatureofLondonlifethesemulticoloredfogsbecame.Apainter,ClaudeMonet,fleeingbesiegedParisin1870,fellinlovewithLondon’svaporous,mutatingclouds.Helookeduponthefamiliarmistashisreliablecollaborator.Visitorsfromabroadmayhavedelightedinthefog,buthomegrownartistslitcandlesandvainlyscrubbedthegrimefromtheirgloom-filledstudiowindows.“Giveuslight!”FredericLeightonpleadedtotheguestsataLordMayor’sbanquetin1882,beggingthemtohavepityonthepoorpainter.

ThemoreserioussideofCorton’sbookdocumentshowbusinesshastakenprecedenceoverhumanitywhereLondon’shistoryofpollutionisconcerned.Aprevailingwesterlywindmeantthatthosedwellingtotheeastwerealwaysatmostrisk.Thosewhocouldafforditlivedelsewhere.Theeastwasabandonedtotheunderclass.LordPalmerstonspokeupforchokingEastEndersinthe1850s,pointingafingerattheinterestsofthefurnaceowners.Abillwaspassed,buttherewaslittlechange.Eventually,anotherconnectionwasestablished:betweenLondon’sperpetualveilofsmoganditscitizens’cozilysmolderinggrates.Sadly,popularWorldWarIsongsdidn’tdomuchtoencouragetheadoptionofsmokelessfuel.

Itwasn’tuntilwhatcametobeknownasthe“GreatKillerFog”of1952thatthecasualtyratebecameimpossibletoignoreandtheBritishpressfinallytookupthecause.ItwaslefttoaMemberofParliamenttosteertheCleanAirActintolawin1956.Withinafewyears,evenasthewaragainstpollutionwasstillinitsinfancy,thedreadedfogbegantofade.

1.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?

2.Theword“grime”(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto().

3.WhichwouldbemostheavilyaffectedbyLondon’spollutionaccordingtoCarton’sbook?

4.Theauthormainlyshowsinthelastparagraphthat().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thefragrantanti-smokeschemewasputforwardbyJohnEvelyn’schild.

B.KingCharlesIIwasnotsomuchcontentedwithJohnEvelyn’sproposalattheverybeginning.

C.Theprocessofdraftingthebillagainstthesmokynuisancewasrelativelyslow.

D.Itwasn’tuntil1950sthatsomeonewillinglyputpublichealthabovecommercialinterests.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.fog

B.dirt

C.frost

D.paint

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Richdwellersintheeast.

B.Theunderclassinthewest.

C.EastLondon’sslumdwellers.

D.Servantsoffurnaceowners.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.“GreatKillerFog”resultedinhugemortalityforBritain

B.theBritishpresswasalsoplayingamajorroleintheprocess

C.itwasalongwayfortheCleanAirActtobepassed

D.reducingtheairpollutionworkedthoughintheprimarystage

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Nobodyatthetime,andnobodyrightuptothemiddleofthe20th-century,waswillingtoputpublichealthabovebusinessinterests.(在那個(gè)時(shí)候,直到20世紀(jì)中葉,都沒(méi)有人愿意把公共健康置于商業(yè)利益之上。),說(shuō)明20世紀(jì)中葉之前沒(méi)有人愿意把公共健康置于商業(yè)利益之上。因此D選項(xiàng)“直到20世紀(jì)50年代,才有人愿意將公眾健康置于商業(yè)利益之上”正確。A選項(xiàng)“芬芳抗煙計(jì)劃是由約翰?伊夫林的孩子提出的”,原文只說(shuō)芬芳抗煙計(jì)劃是約翰?伊夫林的想法,所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“查理二世國(guó)王一開始就不滿意約翰?伊夫林的提議”,與原文的muchpleasedwith(非常滿意)相反,所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“反煙害法案的起草過(guò)程比較緩慢”,與原文的duly(按時(shí)的)不符,所以C錯(cuò)誤。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第二句London’svaporous,mutatingclouds(倫敦蒸汽繚繞,如同變異的霧靄),再結(jié)合第一段的sulfurousclouds(硫磺霧霾)和urbansmoke-creatingindustry(城市里所有制造濃煙的工業(yè)),說(shuō)明在畫室窗上的“grime”是煤塵污垢。因此B選項(xiàng)“污垢、灰塵”正確。A選項(xiàng)“霧”,C選項(xiàng)“霜”,D選項(xiàng)“顏料”均不符合題意,所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第四段第二句Aprevailingwesterlywindmeantthatthosedwellingtotheeastwerealwaysatmostrisk.(盛行的西風(fēng)意味著居住在東邊的人總是處于最大的危險(xiǎn)之中。),說(shuō)明住在東邊的人受到污染的影響更大。因此C選項(xiàng)“倫敦東部的貧民窟居民”正確。A選項(xiàng)“東部的富人居民”,由原文可知有錢人會(huì)搬家,所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“西部的底層居民”,由原文可知西部居民受到的污染影響較小,所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“大熔爐主人們的傭人”在文中沒(méi)有提及,所以D錯(cuò)誤。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段,最后一段前兩句指出為治理霧霾而努力的具體事件,第三句總結(jié)Withinafewyears,evenasthewaragainstpollutionwasstillinitsinfancy,thedreadedfogbegantofade.(短短幾年后,即使與污染的斗爭(zhēng)仍處于起步階段,可怕的霧霾開始消退。),說(shuō)明雖然剛剛開始,但治理霧霾的措施起作用了。因此D選項(xiàng)“盡管處于初期,但減少空氣污染奏效了”正確。A選項(xiàng)“殺人大霧”給英國(guó)造成巨大的死亡,C選項(xiàng)“《空氣清潔法案》的通過(guò)是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程”只是表層示例,所以A,C錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)媒體在這一過(guò)程中也發(fā)揮了重要作用”不是作者主要想表達(dá)的內(nèi)容,所以B錯(cuò)誤。

3.單選題

Treesarearenewableresourcethatwhenmanagedproperlycan(

)ourneeds

indefinitely.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sustain

B.retain

C.maintain

D.obtain

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。sustain“維持”;retain“保持”;maintain“維持,維修”;obtain“獲得”。句意:樹木是可再生資源,如果管理得當(dāng),它們無(wú)限期地滿足我們的需求。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Parentshavealegal______toensurethattheirchildrenareprovidedwithefficienteducationsuitablefortheirage.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impulse

B.influence

C.obligation

D.sympathy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impulse“沖動(dòng);脈沖;刺激;神經(jīng)沖動(dòng);推動(dòng)力”;B選項(xiàng)influence“影響;勢(shì)力;感化;有影響的人或事”;C選項(xiàng)obligation“義務(wù);職責(zé);債務(wù)”;D選項(xiàng)sympathy“同情;慰問(wèn);贊同”。句意:父母有法律義務(wù)確保其子女獲得適合其年齡的有效教育。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

CreditingallgoodtoMr.Obama’sleadershipandallbadtoRepublicanobstructionism,asMr.Cassidydoes,maynotbeentirelyhonest,butitdoeshavetheconsiderablevirtueoffreeingMr.ObamaoftheburdenofrunningasafecklesswimpstymiedbyRepublicanbullying.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obstructed

B.quipped

C.grunge

D.wrecked

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obstructed“阻塞,妨礙,遮住”;B選項(xiàng)quipped“嘲弄,譏諷”;C選項(xiàng)grunge“(僅為名詞)蹩腳貨,乏味的東西,難看的東西”;D選項(xiàng)wrecked“破壞,毀滅,(使)船舶失事,(使)遭遇沉船,毀船打劫,遭遇(船舶)失事,拆除”。句意:像卡西迪那樣,把所有的好事都?xì)w功于奧巴馬的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),把所有的壞事都?xì)w功于共和黨的阻撓,這可能不是完全誠(chéng)實(shí)的,但它確實(shí)有相當(dāng)大的好處,讓奧巴馬擺脫了競(jìng)選時(shí)被共和黨的欺凌所束縛的軟弱無(wú)能的負(fù)擔(dān)。Stymy“阻撓,妨礙”,A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thefoodwasdivided()accordingtotheageandsizeofthechild.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.equally

B.individually

C.sufficiently

D.proportionally

【答案】B

【解析】句意:食物是根據(jù)孩子的年齡和大小單獨(dú)分開的。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

7.單選題

)foundfour-leafcloverisconsideredaluckysign.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisrarely

B.Rarely

C.Therarely

D.Despiteitsbeingrarely

【答案】C

【解析】考查定冠詞的用法。句意:罕見的四葉草被認(rèn)為是幸運(yùn)的象征。定冠詞the放在單數(shù)名詞前表示某一類事物。

8.單選題

TherearemanysuperstitionsinBritain.Butoneofthemost(1)heldisthatitisunluckytowalkunderaladderevenifitmeans(2)thepavementintoabusystreet!(3)youmustpassunderaladderyoucan(4)badluckbycrossingyourfingersand(5)themcrosseduntilyouhaveseenadog.(6),youmaylickyourfingerand(7)acrossonthetoeofyourshoe,andnotlookagainattheshoeuntilthe(8)hasdried.

Anothercommon(9)isthatitisunluckytoopenanumbrellainthehouse—itwilleitherbring(10)tothepersonwhoopeneditortothewhole(11).Anyoneopeninganumbrellainfineweatheris(12),asitinevitablybringsrain!

Thenumber13issaidtobeunluckyforsomeandwhenthe13thdayofthemonth(13)onaFriday,anyonewishingtoavoidabedeventhadbetterstay(14).Theworstmisfortunethatearnhappentoapersoniscausedbybreakingaminor,

(15)itbeingssevenyearsofbedluck.Thesuperstitionissupposedto(16)inancienttimes,whenminorswereconsideredtobetoolsofthegods.

BlackcatsaregenerallyconsideredluckyinBritain,eventhoughtheyare(17)witchcraft.Itis(18)luckyifablackcatcrossedyourpathalthoughinAmericatheexactoppositebeliefprevails.

Finally,acommonheldsuperstitionisthatoftouchingwood(19)luck.Thismeasureismostoftentakenifyouthinkyouhavesaidsomethingthatistemptingfate,suchas“mycarhasnever(20),touchwood?”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.broadly

B.widely

C.quickly

D.speedily

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.runningfrom

B.jumpingoff

C.steppingoff

D.keepingfrom

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.If

B.As

C.Though

D.Unless

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.erase

B.remove

C.avoid

D.ease

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.keep

B.keeping

C.kept

D.tokeep

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Consequently

B.However

C.Comparatively

D.Alternatively

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.make

B.print

C.perform

D.produce

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.label

B.symbol

C.mark

D.cut

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.argument

B.superstition

C.opinion

D.idea

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.loss

B.difficultly

C.tragedy

D.misfortune

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.house

B.household

C.home

D.circle

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.unwise

B.unintelligent

C.unpopular

D.unfortunate

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.falls

B.arrives

C.drops

D.happens

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.away

B.outdoors

C.indoors

D.far

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.as

C.if

D.though

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.haveoriginated

B.beoriginating

C.beoriginated

D.originate

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.concernedabout

B.relatedwith

C.associatedwith

D.connectedin

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.especially

B.specially

C.frequently

D.rarely

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.for

C.in

D.of

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.brokenup

B.brokenoff

C.brokenaway

D.brokendown

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】第1題:考查副詞辨析。broadly意為“寬廣地”,指幅度范圍的寬廣;widely意為“廣泛地”;quickly意為“迅速地”;speedily意為“快速的”。由句意“英國(guó)有很多迷信的說(shuō)法,其中最……流傳的是在梯子下走過(guò)會(huì)帶來(lái)厄運(yùn)”可知B選項(xiàng)最為恰當(dāng)。

第2題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。runfrom意為“逃避”;jumpoff意為“跳下”;stepoff意為“離開”;keepfrom意為“隱瞞,阻止”。此處表示離開人行道走進(jìn)繁忙的街道。

第3題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。由前面可知在梯子下走會(huì)帶來(lái)厄運(yùn),此處表示假設(shè)發(fā)生了這樣的情況,因此填if。

第4題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。由前面的“如果發(fā)生了在梯子下走的情況”可知此處表示通過(guò)某種方式可以避免厄運(yùn),因此填avoid(避開,避免)。

第5題:考查動(dòng)詞形式。前文的“by”為介詞,介詞后接動(dòng)名詞形式,與前面的crossing保持一致。

第6題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。consequently意為“所以,因此”;however意為“然而”;comparatively

意為“對(duì)比地”;alternatively意為“或者”。前面已提出了一種避免厄運(yùn)的方法,此處表示另外一種方法,因此選D。

第7題:考查固定搭配。makeacross意為“畫一個(gè)十字”。

第8題:考查名詞辨析。label意為“標(biāo)簽”;symbol意為“象征,符號(hào)”,一般是指象征意義性的標(biāo)志;mark意為“標(biāo)記”,一般指眼睛看到的事物留下的印跡。此處指的是畫在鞋上的cross,因此選C。

第9題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。前面提到了英國(guó)有很多迷信,舉了一個(gè)最流傳的例子,此處表示另一種迷信,因此選B。

第10題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。由前面的itisunluckytoopenanumbrellainthehouse可知與unlucky相近詞為misfortune(不幸,厄運(yùn))。

第11題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。由or可知此處與前面的tothepersonwhoopeneditortothewhole___表示并列關(guān)系,與theperson相對(duì)應(yīng)的為household(一家人,全家人),因此選B。

第12題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。由后面的asitinevitablybringsrain(因?yàn)樗豢杀苊獾貢?huì)帶來(lái)雨水)可推測(cè)在晴天打雨傘是不好的、不受歡迎的,因此填unpopular(不受歡迎的)。

第13題:考查固定搭配。fallon意為“適逢(某日),正當(dāng)(某日)”;happenon意為“巧遇,偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”,主語(yǔ)一般指人,因此選A。

第14題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。stayaway意為“離開,缺席”;stayoutdoors意為“待在戶外”;stayindoors意為“待在家里,不外出”;stayfar意為“離遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)”。由前面的anyonewishingtoavoidabedeventhadbetterstay___(想要避免倒霉的人最好……)可知C選項(xiàng)最恰當(dāng)。

第15題:考查連詞辨析。此處為兩個(gè)并列的句子,需要連詞連接,前句內(nèi)容為“最大的厄運(yùn)是打碎鏡子引起的”,后句內(nèi)容為“這會(huì)帶來(lái)七年的厄運(yùn)”,后句是前句的原因,因此填as(因?yàn)?,由于)?/p>

第16題:考查時(shí)態(tài)。由后面的whenminorswereconsideredtobetoolsofthegods可知時(shí)間發(fā)生在過(guò)去,可知這個(gè)迷信始于過(guò)去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have+過(guò)去分詞),選A。

第17題:考查固定搭配。表示“與……與關(guān)”的搭配有:beconcernedwith、berelatedto、beconnectedwith、beassociatedwith,因此選C。

第18題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。由前面的內(nèi)容可知黑貓?jiān)谟?guó)被視為幸運(yùn)的動(dòng)物,那么有一只黑貓從你面前穿過(guò)則是幸運(yùn)的,此處表示幸運(yùn)的程度,因此用副詞especially(特別,非常)修飾。

第19題:考查介詞辨析。for表示目的,意為“為了”,此處表示觸摸木頭尋求好運(yùn),因此選B。

第20題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。breakup意為“分手,結(jié)束”;breakoff意為“斷開,突然中止”;breakaway意為“逃離,掙脫”;breakdown意為“(機(jī)器或車輛)出毛病,損壞”。此處表示我的車從來(lái)沒(méi)發(fā)生過(guò)故障,因此選D。

9.單選題

AstheclimateintheMiddleEastchangedbeginningaround7000B.C”conditionsemergedthatledtoamorecomplexandadvancedformofcivilizationinbothEgyptandoftheTigrisandEuphratesriversinMesopotamiabecamedrier,producingriver-sidelandsthatwerebothhabitableandfertile,andattractingsettlersarmedwiththenewlydevelopedtechniqueofagriculture.Thismigrationwasfurtherencouragedbythegradualtransformationoftheonce-hospitablegrasslandsoftheseregionsintodeserts.Humanpopulationbecameincreasinglyconcentratedintopocketsofsettlementscatteredalongthebanksofthegreatrivers.

Theriversprofoundlyshapedthewayoflifealongtheirbanks.InMesopotamia,themanagementofwaterinconditionsofunpredictabledrought,flood,andstormbecamethecentraleconomicandsocialchallenge.Villagersbeganearlytobuildsimpleearthworks,dikes,canals,andditchestocontrolthewatersandreducetheopposingdangersofdroughtduringthedryseason(usuallythespring)andfloodingattheharvesttime.

Sucheffortsrequiredadegreeofcooperationamongalargenumberofpeoplethathadnotpreviouslyexisted.Theindividualvillage,containingonlyadozenorsohousesandfamilies,waseconomicallyvulnerable;butwhenseveralvillages,probablyunderthedirectionsofacouncilofelders,learnedtosharetheirhumanresourcesinthebuildingofcoordinatednetworkofwater-controlsystems,thesafety,stability,andprosperityofallimproved.Inthisnewcooperation,theseedsofthegreatMesopotamiancivilizationswerebeingsown.

Technologicalandmathematicalinvention,too,werestimulatedbylifealongtherivers.Newdeviceswerefirstdevelopedhereforuseinirrigationsystems.Similarly,theearliestmethodsofmeasurementandcomputationandthefirstdevelopmentsingeometrywerestimulatedbytheneedtokeeptrackoflandholdingsandboundariesinfieldsthatwereperiodicallyinundated.

Theliversservedashighroadsofearliestcommerce.Tradersusedboatsmadeofbundlesofrushestotransportgrains,fruits,fibers,andtextilesfromonevillagetoanother,transformingtheriversintothecentralspinesofnascentcommercialkingdoms.Tradeexpandedsurprisinglywidely;wehaveevidencesuggestingthat,evenbeforetheestablishmentofthefirstEgyptiandynasty,goodswerebeingexchangedbetweenvillagersinEgyptandothersasfarasIran.

Similardevelopmentswereoccurringatmuchthesametimealongthegreatrivervalleysinotherpartsoftheworldforexample,alongtheIndusinIndiaandHwangHoinChina.Thehistoryofearlycivilizationhasbeenshapedtoaremarkabledegreebytherelationshipofhumansandrivers.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistoexplain().

2.WhichofthefollowingsocialeffectsdidtheunpredictabilityofwatersuppliesinMesopotamiahave?

3.Theearliestgeometersweresupportedprimarilyby().

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheemergenceofcomplexcivilizationsintheMiddleEastwasdependentuponthepreviousdevelopmentof().

5.TheauthorreferstoemergingcivilizationsinIndiaandChinaprimarilyinordertoemphasize().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.howclimaticchangesledtothefoundingoftheearliestrecordedcities

B.theinfluenceofriverlifeonthegrowthofearlycivilizations

C.someoftherecentfindingsofresearchersintoearlyhumanhistory

D.thesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongseveralancientsocieties

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itledtowarfareoverwaterrightsamongrivalvillages.

B.Itencouragedcooperationinthecreationofwatermanagementsystems.

C.Itdrovefarmerstosettleinfertilegrasslandsfarfromtheuncontrollablerivers.

D.Ithadtheactualeffectofincreasingthepopulationthere.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.mechanicalartisans

B.tradersandmerchants

C.farmlaborers

D.landowners

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.basictechniquesofagriculture

B.symbolicsystemsforwritingandmathematicalcomputation

C.toolsforconstructinghousesquicklyandeasily

D.amethodforstoringandtransferringwealth

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theimportanceofwatertransportationinthegrowthofearlytrade

B.therelativelyadvancedpositionenjoyedbytheMiddleEastspreadtootherplaces

C.therapiditywithwhichsocialsystemsdevelopedintheMiddleEastspreadtootherplaces

D.thecrucialroleplayedbyriversinthedevelopmentofhumanculturesaroundtheworld

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹河流對(duì)于文明和發(fā)展的作用。因此B項(xiàng)“河流生命對(duì)于早期文明發(fā)展的影響”符合本文主旨大意。

2.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)的是:下列哪項(xiàng)是美索不達(dá)米亞中供水的不可預(yù)測(cè)性所產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)影響?第三段指出:Sucheffortsrequiredadegreeofcooperationamongalargenumberofpeoplethathadnotpreviouslyexisted.Theindividualvillage,containingonlyadozenorsohousesandfamilies,waseconomicallyvulnerable;butwhenseveralvillages,probablyunderthedirectionsofacouncilofelders,learnedtosharetheirhumanresourcesinthebuildingofcoordinatednetworkofwater-controlsystems,thesafety,stability,andprosperityofallimproved.Inthisnewcooperation,theseedsofthegreatMesopotamiancivilizationswerebeingsown(這種努力需要大量人員的前所未有的合作。只有十幾戶家庭的小村莊容易受到經(jīng)濟(jì)沖擊,但是在年長(zhǎng)村民的指導(dǎo)下,這些村莊可能會(huì)學(xué)著在建立協(xié)調(diào)的水治理系統(tǒng)中進(jìn)行人力資源共享,這吋候鄉(xiāng)村的安全和穩(wěn)定性以及繁榮度都得到了提升。在新的合作下,美索不達(dá)米亞的文明之種正被播散開來(lái))。故選B“它激發(fā)了水資源管理體系創(chuàng)新的相互合作”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過(guò)題干關(guān)鍵詞geometers定位至第四段:Similarly,theearliestmethodsofmeasurementandcomputationandthefirstdevelopmentsingeometrywerestimulatedbytheneedtokeeptrackoflandholdingsandboundariesinfieldsthatwereperiodicallyinundated(同樣,早期的測(cè)量和估算方法,以及幾何學(xué)的初期發(fā)展,都是因?yàn)樾枰涗浲恋氐乃袡?quán)和記錄被周期性淹沒(méi)的土地邊界范圍而刺激發(fā)展的。因此,最初幾何學(xué)主要是為了記錄土地的所有權(quán)和實(shí)際情況而發(fā)展的)。故選D“土地所有者”。

4.判斷推理題。題干為:中東地區(qū)的復(fù)雜文明的出現(xiàn)主要依賴于之前的哪項(xiàng)的發(fā)展?第一段指出:AstheclimateintheMiddleEastchanged...JedtoamorecomplexandadvancedfromofcivilizationinbothEuphratesriversinMesopotamiabecamedrier,producingriver-sidelandsthatwerebothhabitableandfertile,andattractingsettlersarmedwiththenewlydevelopedtechniqueofagriculture(隨著中東地區(qū)的氣候變化,出現(xiàn)的狀況導(dǎo)致了復(fù)雜和先進(jìn)的文明形式?!?dāng)美索不達(dá)米亞的幼發(fā)拉底河變得更干旱后,產(chǎn)生了宜居且肥沃的河岸土地,并且吸引了擁有先進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的移民。即中東地區(qū)的先進(jìn)文明的發(fā)展有依靠農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的支持),故選A“基本的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)”。

5.作者意圖題。題干為:作者談及印度和中國(guó)的文明出現(xiàn)主要是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)什么?根據(jù)題干定位至最后一段:Similardevelopmentswereoccurringatmuchthesametimealongthegreatrivervalleysinotherpartsoftheworld—forexample,alongtheIndusinIndiaandHwangHoinChina(同吋,世界其他地方也有沿大河而居所產(chǎn)生的類似的發(fā)展,比如:印度西北部河流,中國(guó)的黃河)。因此,文章中談及印度和中國(guó),是為了說(shuō)明河流同樣在這些國(guó)家的發(fā)展中起到的作用,因此D項(xiàng)“在世界各地人類文化的發(fā)展中,河流發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵的作用”正確。

10.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(41)Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles.

Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelifestyleoftheanimal,andthatpredatorsarestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.(42)Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheirearstoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?(43)

Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.(44)Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal’svulnerability,RayMeddisofLondonUniversityhassuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalsthataretoostupidtobequiteontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.(45)

A.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.

B.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.

C.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlytrue.

D.Sleepisveryancient.

E.Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?

F.Deeplyinvolvedwiththisnewtechnologyisabreedofmodernbusinesspeoplewhohaveagrowingrespectfortheeconomicvalueofdoingbusinessabroad.

【答案】41.D

42.A

43.E

44.B

45.C

【解析】41.第一段的句子中提到了extendback,意為“追溯”,而且后面兩段提到了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵復(fù)現(xiàn)詞sleep,所以第一段開頭填D項(xiàng)“睡眠是非常古老的”正確。

42.第二段第一句提到了dreaming和dreamless,第三句講了dreamless,所以這里是對(duì)dreaming和dreamless分別敘述,第二句肯定是和dream相關(guān)的,故A項(xiàng)“在有夢(mèng)睡眠中,動(dòng)物被有力地固定住,對(duì)外界刺激明顯沒(méi)有反應(yīng)”正確。

43.第二段倒數(shù)第三句提到“與聰明的動(dòng)物相比,愚蠢的動(dòng)物在深度睡眠時(shí)不太會(huì)動(dòng)彈”,然后就提出了一個(gè)問(wèn)題Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?(但他們?yōu)槭裁匆蒙钅??),并且第二段提到了一個(gè)highlyevolved,所以結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,該題選擇E項(xiàng)“為什么會(huì)進(jìn)化出這樣一種深度靜止的狀態(tài)?”正確。

44.最后一段開頭提到了dolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle(海豚、鯨魚以及水生哺乳動(dòng)物睡眠都很少),所以后面要解釋其原因。而第二段有提到“在自然選擇中,聰明的動(dòng)物都不會(huì)讓自己進(jìn)行深度睡眠”,故選B項(xiàng)“總的來(lái)說(shuō),海洋里沒(méi)有藏身之處”正確。

45.最后一段提到Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefact(關(guān)于睡眠的原始功能,也許可以從這一事實(shí)中找到有用的線索),所以這一段是回答第二段后面的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題,然后作者論述了一個(gè)觀點(diǎn),最后一句肯定是總結(jié),所以該題選擇C項(xiàng)“這是一個(gè)有趣的觀點(diǎn),可能至少部分是正確的”正確。

11.填空題

Ahealthydietwithpropernutritionisessentialformaintaininggoodoverallhealth.(1)itwasdiscoveredearlierinthiscentury,peoplehaveroutinely

(2)takingsupplementsforthispurpose.TheRecommendedDietaryAllowance(RDA)isausednutritional

(3)

formaintainingoptimalhealth.TheRDAspecifiestherecommended

(4)ofanumberofnutrientsforpeople

(5)manydifferentageandsexgroups.TheNationalResearchCouncil’sCommitteeonDietandHealth(6)proposedadefinitionoftheRDAtobethatamountofanutrient

(7)meetstheneedsof98percentofthepopulation.TheRDAapproachhasanumberofshortcomings.First,itis

(8)

ontheassumptionthat

(9)ispossibletoaccuratelydefinenutritionalrequirementsforagivengroup.

(10),individualnutritional(11)canvarywidelywithineachgroup.Theefficiencywithwhichapersonconvertsfoodintake

(12)nutrientscanalsovarywidely.Certainfoodswheneatenincombinationactually

(13)theabsorptionofnutrients.Forexample,spinachcombinedwithmilkreducestheamountofcalciumavailabletothebody(14)

themilk.Also,theRDAapproachspecifiesadifferentdietaryrequirementforeachageand

(15).

【答案】(1)since

(2)been

(3)guideline或reference

(4)intake

(5)of

(6)has

(7)which

(8)based

(9)it

(10)second

(11)needs

(12)into

(13)affect

(14)in

(15)sex

【解析】(1)語(yǔ)法題。空格所在句的主句部分是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行吋(表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始的某動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在),所以空格這是應(yīng)填寫一個(gè)連詞since表示時(shí)間的開始,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

(2)語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)上一題解析知道這里是完成進(jìn)行時(shí),taking用的是現(xiàn)在分詞形式,根據(jù)固定搭配(主語(yǔ))+助動(dòng)詞(have/has)+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他成分)知這里填寫been。

(3)句意分析題。根據(jù)該句句意“RecommendedDietaryAllowance(推薦膳食許可量)是保持最佳身體健康的”可知這里要填一個(gè)跟RDA對(duì)等的名詞,guideline或reference都可以。

(4)句意分析題。根據(jù)該句句意“針對(duì)不同年齡及性別的人們,RDA(推薦膳食許可量)列舉了一些營(yíng)養(yǎng)物的推薦攝入量?!薄?dāng)z入量’填寫intake。

(5)介詞用法。根據(jù)第4題的句意分析知這里句意是“針對(duì)不同年齡及性別的人們”,應(yīng)該填介詞of來(lái)構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾前面的people。

(6)時(shí)態(tài)用法題。由上文可知本句也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),所以這里填寫has。

(7)語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)句意和空格后動(dòng)詞確定這是一個(gè)從句,這里應(yīng)填一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞(指代前面的“amount”)來(lái)構(gòu)成一個(gè)后置定語(yǔ)從句修飾amount,修飾物可以填which或者that,但是前面的amount前有形容詞that,所以這里填寫which較為合適。

(8)固定搭配。bebasedon為固定用法,‘建立在…基礎(chǔ)上’。

(9)固定句式:it+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞+that從句。it作形式主語(yǔ)。

(10)推斷題。由前一句中的“first(首先)”及前后句的句意,推斷這里應(yīng)該填跟其詞性一樣的詞(其次),所以填寫“second”。

(11)推斷題。根據(jù)前一句句意‘首先,它是基于這樣一種假設(shè),即有可能準(zhǔn)確定義特定人群的營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求?!茢噙@里應(yīng)該是“個(gè)人的營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求”,所以可以填寫needs或者requirements,但是上一句已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)requirements,為避免重復(fù),填寫needs。

(12)固定短語(yǔ)。該句句意是‘一個(gè)人轉(zhuǎn)換食物攝取營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的效率也會(huì)有很大差異?!疇I(yíng)養(yǎng)轉(zhuǎn)化’用固定短語(yǔ)convert…into…,所以填介詞into。

(13)句意分析。由后一句的例子可知此處表達(dá)“食物混合在一起,可能影響營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分的吸收。”主語(yǔ)foods是復(fù)數(shù)形式,動(dòng)詞affect‘影響’用原形。

(14)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析。這里的theamountofcalcium應(yīng)該是milk中的,故填寫介詞in‘在...之內(nèi)’。

(15)對(duì)應(yīng)前文。對(duì)應(yīng)前面第五題空格后的“differentageandsexgroups”,故這里填寫sex。

12.單選題

Itriedinvainto()themantheslip.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.give

B.omit

C.offer

D.serve

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)give“給;產(chǎn)生;讓步;舉辦;授予”;B選項(xiàng)omit“省略;遺漏;刪除;疏忽;沒(méi)做”;C選項(xiàng)offer“提供;出價(jià);試圖;意圖;錄取通知書”;D選項(xiàng)serve“招待,供應(yīng);為……服務(wù);對(duì)……有用;可作……用”。根據(jù)固定搭配givesomebodytheslip“趁某人不備時(shí)溜掉”可知該題選give。句意:我試圖甩掉那個(gè)人,但沒(méi)有成功。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

JackwasabouttoannounceourplanbutI(

).

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.puthimthrough

B.turnedhimout

C.gavehimup

D.cuthimshort

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)putthrough“接通,完成”;B選項(xiàng)turnout“結(jié)果是”;C選項(xiàng)giveup“放棄”;D選項(xiàng)cutshort“打斷,縮減”。句意:杰克正要宣布我們的計(jì)劃,但我打斷了他。選項(xiàng)D更符合語(yǔ)境。

14.單選題

AlltheslavesinUSAwere()afterthecivilwar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arrested

B.abandoned

C.manumitted

D.magnified

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)arrest“逮捕;(司法機(jī)關(guān))扣留(船只)”;B選項(xiàng)abandon“遺棄;離開”;C選項(xiàng)manumit“解放;釋放”;D選項(xiàng)magnify“放大;贊美”。句意:美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,所有奴隸都被釋放。因此C符合題意。

15.單選題

TheTimberrattlesnakeisnowontheendangeredspecieslist,andisextinctintwoeasternstatesinwhichitonce________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thrived

B.swelled

C.prospered

D.flourished

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“興盛,繁榮”;B選項(xiàng)“腫脹”;C選項(xiàng)“繁榮,昌盛”;D選項(xiàng)“繁榮,茂盛”。句意:木材響尾蛇現(xiàn)在已被列入瀕危物種名單,并且已經(jīng)在東部?jī)蓚€(gè)州滅絕了,而這兩個(gè)州曾經(jīng)有()這個(gè)物種。根據(jù)句意這里應(yīng)該填繁盛。thrive指物(包括動(dòng)物和植物)的繁殖興盛;而prosper指的是經(jīng)濟(jì)或國(guó)力方面的繁榮;flourish指植物生長(zhǎng)茂盛。根據(jù)詞義辨析這里要選A。

16.單選題

Ourcorporation’sobligationunderthis(

)islimitedtorepairorreplacement.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.warranty

B.license

C.market

D.necessity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)warranty“(商品)保用單”;B選項(xiàng)license“執(zhí)照,許可證”;C選項(xiàng)market“市場(chǎng),交易”;D選項(xiàng)necessity“必然,必要”。根據(jù)repairorreplacement(修理或更換)可知A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意:我公司在本保證項(xiàng)下的義務(wù)僅限于修理或更換。

17.單選題

Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes;otherwiseyou______cold.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldn’thavecaught

B.wouldn’tcatch

C.can’tcatch

D.can’thavecaught

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。otherwise表示“否則,要不然”時(shí),其后的句子應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes可知此處是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬,故空格處用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句意:你沒(méi)有多穿衣服,否則就不會(huì)感冒了。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

AccordingtotheU.S.NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration(NHTSA),carcrashesaretheleadingcauseofdeathamongchildren__51__5and14yearsofage.SaysNHTSA:“Over50%ofchildrenwhodieincrashesare__52__bysafetydevices.__53__,4outof5childrenareimproperlyrestrained.”

TheNHTSAoffersanumberofsafetytipsand__54__forthosewhoareaccompaniedbychildrenwhiledriving.Althoughlaws__55__fromcountrytocountryandevenfromstatetostate,theseguidelinesmay__56__foodforthoughttomanyparentsandguardiansofchildren.Pleasecheckyourlocallawsanddo__57__youcantokeepyourpreciousbabysafe.

Thesafestplaceforallchildrenisinthebackseat.Infantsshouldbe__58__inarear-facingsafetyseatinthebackseatofthecar.Achildatleastayearoldand__59__atleast20poundsmaybeplacedinaforward-facingseat.At40pounds,thechildcanusea“boosterseat”,whichissecuredbyoneofthecar’slapandshoulder__60__.Atapproximately80poundsandaheightofaboutfourfeetnineinches,thechildmaybeginusinganadultsafetybelt.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.between

C.for

D.about

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.bound

B.undefined

C.unrestrained

D.inhibited

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ofcourse

B.Oncontrary

C.Nevertheless

D.Inaddition

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.cautions

B.forms

C.notes

D.concept

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.work

B.vary

C.enforce

D.affect

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.giveway

B.differfrom

C.serveas

D.dealwith

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.whatever

B.whichever

C.that

D.which

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.tied

B.stuck

C.surrounded

D.placed

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.weight

B.weighted

C.weigh

D.weighing

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.stripes

B.belts

C.ribbons

D.bows

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:D

第10題:B

【解析】51.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.at在幾歲時(shí)B.between在……之間

C.for給;為了;因?yàn)?;就……而言D.about關(guān)于;大約

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配

【解題思路】由空格后“5and14yearsofage”中的and可知,本題考查的是固定搭配between…and…“在……之間”,此處指5至14

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