考研考博-英語-北京師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Wesincerelyhopeyouwillsoonbe（）tohealth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restored

B.recovered

C.returned

D.renewed

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restore（to）“恢復(fù)，恢復(fù)成（某個(gè)樣子），及物動(dòng)詞，多用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)用外力來恢復(fù)原狀”。句意：我們真誠地希望你們不久就能恢復(fù)健康。根據(jù)句意，A為正確答案。

2.單選題

Womenbossesareviewedaslessqualifiedandcapablethantheirmale（

）accordingtoastudy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.equivalents

B.counterparts

C.peers

D.substitutes

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。equivalent意為“同等物”；counterpart意為“職位(或作用)相當(dāng)?shù)娜恕?；peer意為“同齡人”；substitute意為“替代物”。

句意：根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究，女性老板被認(rèn)為不如男性老板合格、有能力。

3.單選題

Three(1)yearsagoDanielGabrielFahrenheitmadehis(2)thermometerin

hishometownofDanzig(NowGdanskinPoland).Thethermometerwasfilledwith(3)

andcompletelysealed,butitwasnotmuchusewithoutsomesortof(4)tomeasurethe

temperature.

Onestory(5)that,duringthewinterof1708—1709，F(xiàn)ahrenheittookameasurement

of0degreesasthecoldesttemperatureoutdoors—whichwouldnowreadasminus17.8°C.Five

years(6)heusedmercuryinsteadofalcoholforhis(7)，andmadeatopreference

pointbymeasuringhisownbodytemperatureas90degrees.Soonafterwardshebecameaglassblower,(8)______allowedhimtomakethinlyblownglasstubesthatcouldbemarkedupwithmorepointsonthescaleandso(9)______accuracy.

Eventuallyhetookthe(10)pointofhistemperaturescalefromareadingmadeinice,

waterandsalt,andatoppointmadefromtheboilingpointofwater.Thescalewasrecalibrated

using180degreesbetweenthese(11)pointsandFahrenheitwasabletomakemuchmore

accurateandmore(12)measurementsoftemperature.

Butin1742arivalchallengedtheFahrenheitscaleand(13)supersededit.Anders

Celsius,inSweden,inventedascaleof100degreesbetweenthefreezingandboilingpointsof

waterandgradually(14)overmanycountries.However,theBritish(15)weddedto

Fahrenheituntilwellintothe20thcentury.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thousand

B.hundred

C.decadesof

D.hundredsof

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.initial

B.final

C.first

D.last

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.alcohol

B.mercury

C.sand

D.salt

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.scale

B.measurement

C.points

D.degrees

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.says

B.rumors

C.concludes

D.goes

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.ago

B.before

C.after

D.later

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.thermometers

B.measurements

C.points

D.degrees

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.thereby

B.which

C.that

D.what

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.enlarge

B.addup

C.increase

D.promote

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.eldest

B.lowest

C.coolest

D.deepest

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.three

B.four

C.two

D.dual

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.continuous

B.continuant

C.coherent

D.consistent

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.eventually

B.accidentally

C.surprisingly

D.fortunately

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.took

B.turned

C.brought

D.won

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.kept

B.remained

C.maintained

D.sustained

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:D

【解析】（1）考查上下文語義。第二段第一句說到了時(shí)間“duringthewinterof1708-09”，可知大約是“三百多年前”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（2）考查形容詞辨析。initial“最初的”；final“最終的”；first“第一的”；last“最后的；最近的”。根據(jù)上下文可知這里表示“制作出了第一個(gè)溫度計(jì)”。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（3）考查上下文語義。第二段說到“heusedmercuryinsteadofalcohol”，由此推測他支座的第一個(gè)溫度計(jì)內(nèi)部是酒精。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（4）考查名詞辨析。scale“規(guī)模；刻度”；measurement“度量；尺寸”；point“要點(diǎn)；尖端”；degree“度數(shù)”。句意：但是如果沒有記錄溫度的……時(shí)沒有用的。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（5）考查固定搭配。表述“故事是這樣講的”時(shí)，常用“onestorygoes…”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（6）考查上下文語義。上文提到了第一個(gè)溫度計(jì)被制作出來，后續(xù)隨著時(shí)間的遷移，溫度計(jì)得以慢慢地完善。因此此處應(yīng)指“五年后，他把溫度計(jì)中的酒精換成水銀……”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（7）考查上下文語義。文章說的是溫度計(jì)的發(fā)明。因此這里說就是thermometer“溫度計(jì)”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（8）考查語法知識(shí)?？崭袂笆且粋€(gè)完整結(jié)構(gòu)的語句，且還有逗號(hào)，這里考查的就是非限定性定語從句，根據(jù)主從句結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處應(yīng)選which作關(guān)系代詞。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（9）考查詞義辨析。enlarge“擴(kuò)大”；addup“合計(jì)”；increase“增加；提高”；promote“促進(jìn)”。根據(jù)空格后的詞語accuracy“準(zhǔn)確性”，可知與之相搭配額應(yīng)為C選項(xiàng)。

（10）考查上下文語義。后半句說到了“atoppoint……”，可知此處應(yīng)為相對(duì)的“l(fā)owest”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（11）考查上下文語義。上一句提到“thelowestpoint”和“thetoppoint”，可知為“twopoints”。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（12）考查形容詞辨析。continuous“連續(xù)的”；continuant“連續(xù)音的”；coherent“條理清楚的”；consistent“始終如一的”。句意：法倫海特就能夠更精確、更……地記錄溫度。此處選用的詞語應(yīng)符合“精確”這一含義，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（13）考查副詞辨析。eventually“最后”；accidentally“意外地”；surprisingly“令人驚訝地”；fortunately“幸運(yùn)地”。句意：但是在1742年，一位競爭者挑戰(zhàn)法倫海特的刻度，并且……將其取代。根據(jù)下文可知，原來的刻度被取代了，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（14）考查詞組辨析。takeover“接管”；turnover“移交”；bringover“把某人帶回”；winover“說服；勝訴；把……爭取過來”。句意：最后很多國家開始采用這種刻度。說明爭取到了很多多家的認(rèn)可。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（15）考查語法知識(shí)。wedded是形容詞性，因此空格處缺少具有系動(dòng)詞。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都與“保持”有關(guān)，但選項(xiàng)A、C和D都是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Mintisanherbthatiswellknownforthearomaticoildistilledfromallpartsoftheplant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.valuable

B.fragrant

C.medicinal

D.flavorful

【答案】B

【解析】句意：薄荷是一種藥草，因其各個(gè)部位可蒸餾芳香油而聞名。aromatic意為芳香的。valuable有價(jià)值的，貴重的；fragrant芬芳的，芳香的；medicinal藥用的；有益的；flavorful可口的，充滿……味道的。選項(xiàng)B與之意思最為相近。

5.單選題

Theeducationgap

Educationisthepassporttomodemlife,andapre-conditionofnationalprosperity.Butmorethanaquarteroftheworld'sadults—900millionreadorwrite,andmorethan100millionyoungchildrenaredeprivedofevenaprimaryschooleducation.Inmostdevelopingcountries,afterdecadesofeducationalexpansion,spendingonlearningisfalling.Theilliteratearevirtuallyhelplessinaworldruledbythewrittenword,wherenoticesandofficialpaperscanseemamassofmeaninglesshieroglyphics.Peoplewhocannotdecipherthemareatthemercyofthosewhocan;many,asaresult,havebeencheatedoftheirrightsortheirland.

Studiesshowthatpeoplewithevenabasiceducationarehealthierandeatbetter.Theyaremorelikelytoplantheirfamiliesand-theirchildrenaremorelikelytosurvive.AccordingtotheWorldBank,justfouryearsofprimaryeducationenablesfarmerstoincreaseproductivitybytenpercent,oftenthedifferencebetweenhungerandsufficiency.Nationaleconomicreturnsfromeducationoutstripthosefrommostotherformsofinvestment.

Enrolment:riseandfall

Astheybecameindependent,mostdevelopingcountriesenthusiasticallyembracededucation.Twodecadesofastonishingexpansionfollowed.Between1960and1981,theworld'sthirty-twopoorestcountries(excludingIndiaandChina,whichhavelonghadgoodrecords)increasedtheproportionoftheirchildrenenrolledinprimaryschoolfromthirty-eighttoseventy-twopercent.Thethirty-eightnextpoorestachievedalmostuniversalprimaryschoolenrollmentby1980,upfromabouttwo-thirdsin1960.Itseemedasifitwouldnotbelongbeforeeverychildalivecouldbesureofgoingtoschool.

Bytheendofthe1980sthatdreamhadturnedtobitterdisillusion.Thedecadebroughteconomicdisastertodevelopingcountries.Theyslumpedwhenrichnationswentintorecessionatthebeginningofthe1980s,thesubsequentrecoverypassedthembyandtheywerehitagainbytherenewedrecessioninthelate1980sandearly1990s.Theeducationalexpansionofthelate1960sand1970sfirsthaltedthenwentintoreverse.By1989,enrollmentrateshaddroppedinoneouteveryfivedevelopingcountries.InsomeAfricancountries,thenumberofchildreninprimaryschoolsdeclinedbyathirdbetween1980and1985.Tanzania'suniversalprimaryschoolenrollmentfelldramaticallyduringthisperiod.Unesco’sDirector-General,FedericoMayor,warnsthatthisthreatenstosetbackthecountriesoftheSouthbyawholegenerationorevenmore.

Decliningexpenditure

Theproportionofnationalexpendituregoingtoeducationdeclinedinmorethanhalfofdevelopingcountriesoverthe1980s.Intheworld'sthirty-sevenpoorestcountries,theaverageexpenditureperheadoneducationdroppedbyaquarter.InAfricaasawhole,saystheWorldBank,only$0.60ayearisspentoneducationalmaterialsforeachstudent,whilstitestimatesminimumrequirementsat$5.00.

Illiteracyandthepoor

Inindustrializedcountries,absoluteilliteracywaslargelyeradicatedhalfacenturyago;theytwopercentoftheworld'silliterate.Functionalilliteracy,however,remains:inCanada,theliteracyofaquarterofalladultsisseriouslyinadequate;intheUnitedStates,estimatesrangefromfivetotwenty-fivepercent;inFrance,thetotalnumbersrangefromtwotoeightmillionpeople,dependingonthestudy.Mostareamongthepoorestmembersoftheirsocieties.

Generallyspeaking,thepooreracountry,thehigherthenumberofilliterate;two-thirdsofadultsintheverypoorestcountriescannotreadorwrite.Furthermore,thepoorestindividualssuffermost.Thepoorerachild'sfamily,thelesslikelyhe(or,particularly,she)istostartschoolandthemorelikelyitisthatthosewhodostartwilldropout.

Thedisadvantagedcountryside

MorepeopleintheThirdWorldliveinthecountryside,whereschoolsandteachersarealwaysscarcer.Buteveninthecities,thepoormissout.InCalcutta,oversixtypercentofchildrendonotattendschoolbecausetheyhavetoworktohelpkeepthefamilygoing,orlookafteryoungersiblingstoenabletheirmotherstowork.Two-thirdsoftheworld'silliteratearewomen.Yetwomen'seducationisparticularlyimportant.TheWorldBankidentifiesitasperhapsthesinglemostimportantdeterminantoffamilyhealthandnutrition,anditsresearchshowsthatinfantmortalityratesfallsteadily,anddramatically,foreveryyearwomenspendatschool.Buttradition,prejudicesandtheburdenofworktobedoneathomeensurethatdaughtersarepulledoutofschoolfirst.InthefirstgradeofKampala'sprimaryschoolsthesexesareevenlybalanced;bytheseventhgrade,therearemorethantwiceasmanyboysasgirls.

Primaryeducation:theproductivedollar

Everydollarinvestedinprimaryschooleducation,accordingtoanotherWorldBankstudy,isfiftypercentmoreproductivethanoneinvestedinsecondaryschooling,andgivestwiceasmuchspentonuniversities-Yet,throughouttheThirdWorld,thesespendingprioritiesarereversed.

Afewcountrieshavestartedtochangetheirpriorities,emphasizingprimaryeducation.Zimbabwedoubleditsnumberofprimaryschoolsinitsfirstfiveyearsofindependence;theproportionofitsbudgetspentoneducationisthefifthhighestintheworld,andthecurriculumhasbeenre-orientedtomeetlocalneeds.Bangladeshhasopenedmorethan2,500basicvillageprimaryschoolswithappropriatesyllabusessince1985,atanannualcostofjust$15.00perpupil.Only1.5percentofthechildrendropoutcomparedtosixtypercentoftheirpeersintheordinaryprimaryschools.Moreover,ninety-fivepercentofpupils,themajoritygirls,continuetheireducationafterleaving.

Nonetheless,allthesecountriesareunderharsheconomicpressure.ThereislittlehopeforthechildrenoftheThirdWorldcountries,eveniftheirgovernmentsdochangetheirpriorities,unlesstheircountriesareenabledtodevelop.

1.Whatdoyouthinkisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.Illiteracyhasbeenalmostcompletely（）

3.Girlsveryoftenfailtocompletetheirschoolingbecause（）.

4.Spendingontertiaryeducationis（）.

5.Primaryeducationhasbeengivenmoreimportance（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.topromotethedevelopmentofprimaryeducation

B.topromotethedevelopmentoftertiaryeducation

C.toillustratetheneedfordevelopmentingeneral

D.tohighlighttheproblemsofruralareas

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.fromthedevelopingworld

B.exceptintheUSA,CanadaandFrance

C.inabsolutetermsinindustrializedcountries

D.Infunctionaltermsinindustrializedcountries

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavetogoouttowork

B.therearetwiceasmanyboysasgirls

C.oftraditionandprejudice

D.offamilyh

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.twiceasproductiveasspendingonsecondaryeducation

B.onlyhalfasproductivethanspendingonsecondaryschooling

C.fiftypercentlessproductivethanspendingonsecondaryschooling

D.twenty-fivepercentlessproductivethanspendingonprimaryschooling

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.inCalcutta

B.insomepartsofAfricaandAsia

C.inthelastfiveyears

D.byreorientingthecurriculum

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章以教育問題和世界各國的教育差距引出話題，論述了基礎(chǔ)教育的重要性，并將基礎(chǔ)教育與其他教育階段進(jìn)行對(duì)比。文章列舉說明了基礎(chǔ)教育的重要性，強(qiáng)調(diào)落后國家應(yīng)該對(duì)基礎(chǔ)教育予以重視。因此，本題選擇A項(xiàng)更為合適。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第六段Inindustrializedcountries,absoluteilliteracywaslargelyeradicatedhalfacenturyago;theyobtainonlytwopercentoftheworld'silliterate.‘Functionalilliteracy’，however,remainsinCanada.可知，在工業(yè)化國家，半個(gè)世紀(jì)前基本掃除了文盲；他們只占世界文盲人口的百分之二。然而，“功能性文盲”在加拿大仍然存在。說明即使是在加拿大這樣的發(fā)達(dá)國家，文盲也是存在的。因此，D項(xiàng)“Infunctionaltermsinindustrializedcountries”是正確答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文Buttradition,prejudicesandtheburdenofworktobedoneathomeensurethatdaughtersarepulledoutofschoolfirst.可知，由于傳統(tǒng)和偏見等原因，女孩子不能享受教育資源，繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文Everydollarinvestedinprimaryschooleducation,accordingtoanotherWorldBankstudy,isfiftypercentmoreproductivethanoneinvestedinsecondaryschoolingandgivestwiceasmuchspentonuniversities.可知，世界銀行的另一項(xiàng)研究表明，投入小學(xué)教育的每一美元，其生產(chǎn)率比投入中學(xué)教育的每一美元高出50%，是大學(xué)高等教育的兩倍。所以對(duì)初等教育的投資更有利于掃除文盲。因此，D項(xiàng)表述符合原文內(nèi)容。故正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段Zimbabwedoubleditsnumberofprimaryschools;Bangladeshhasopenedmorethan2,500basicvillageprimaryschools可知，津巴布韋的小學(xué)數(shù)量翻了一番，而孟加拉國已經(jīng)開設(shè)了2500多所鄉(xiāng)村小學(xué)。由此可知，非洲的津巴布韋和亞洲的孟加拉國都加大了對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)教育的投資力度。因此，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

Sheisalwayslookingfor（

）inwhatshewants.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.novelty

B.token

C.horizon

D.fake

【答案】A

【解析】句意:她總是在她想要的東西中找尋新奇的東西。novelty指新奇的東西,符合句意,選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.單選題

Ithadhappened[A]toooftenthatthefarmerssoldtheirwheatsoonafterharvestwhenfarmdebtswerecomingdue,[B]onlytoseepricesrisingandspeculatorsgettingrich.Onvariousoccasions,producergroups[C]askedfirmercontrol,butthegovernmenthadnowishtobecomeinvolved,[D]atleastnotuntilwartimewhenwheatpricesthreatenedtorunwild.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toooften

B.onlytosee

C.askedfirmercontrol

D.atleastnotuntil

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。C選項(xiàng)處應(yīng)表示“要求更嚴(yán)格的控制”，而只有askfor才表示“要求，請(qǐng)求”。應(yīng)將asked改為askedfor。

8.單選題

Everymonththeoldcoupleputasidealittlesumofmoneywhich（）urgentuse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.meansfor

B.meansto

C.ismeantfor

D.ismeantto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。meanfor“對(duì)……意味著”；meanto“對(duì)……重要”；bemeantfor“為……做準(zhǔn)備”；bemeantto“打算，意欲”。句意：這對(duì)夫婦每個(gè)月都會(huì)存一小筆錢，以備急需時(shí)用。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Hardworkandmalnutrition（

）hishealthandhelookedthinandpale.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impaired

B.promoted

C.accelerated

D.smashed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。impair“損害”；promote“促進(jìn)”；accelerate“加速”；smash“擊碎，撞擊”。句意：繁重的工作以及營養(yǎng)不良損害了他的健康，他看起來瘦弱，臉色蒼白。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Thegloomymyth-makersforeseeaworlddestroyedbyfloodsorfire,andahumanpopulation______bywar,starvationorinfectiousdiseases.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stagnated

B.suppressed

C.contrived

D.decimated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)stagnate“停滯，淤塞，變蕭條”，B項(xiàng)suppress“抑制，鎮(zhèn)壓，廢止”，C項(xiàng)contrive“設(shè)計(jì)，發(fā)明，圖謀”，D項(xiàng)decimate“大批殺害，大量毀滅，大大削弱”。根據(jù)worlddestroyedbyfloodsorfire“被洪水或火災(zāi)摧毀的世界”可知，humanpopulation______bywar填入decimated符合語境。句意：悲觀的神話制造者預(yù)測世界將被洪水或火災(zāi)摧毀，人類將被戰(zhàn)爭、饑餓或傳染病奪去生命。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Ithasbeensaidthatmanagementisascienceandthatleadershipisanart.Managementiscomprisedofconcrete,measurableskills:planning,organizing,directing,andcontrolling.Thumbthroughanymanagementtextbookandyou'llseespecificmodels,formulas,procedures,ortechniquesformonitoringandcontrollingperformanceoutput.Controllingproductivitythroughadherencetostandardsisthestock-in-tradeoftheeffectivemanager.It'snotalwaysaneasytask,andtalentedmanagersshouldbegiventhecredittheydeserveinhelpingtheirorganizationssucceed.Noorganizationcansurviveforverylong,letaloneearnanysortofsubstantialprofits,withoutsoundmanagement.Butmanagementaloneisnotenoughintoday'smarketplace.Itistherightbalance,acombinationofefficientmanagementandleadership,thateveryorganizationisseeking.

Justwhatisthenewmodelofleadershipforthe21stcentury?Itrevolvesaroundfiveabstractqualities.Managersmaypossesssomeoralloftheseabilitiestoonedegreeoranother,buttheseskillsaredistinctfromtheparticularqualitiesthatdefinemanagement.Tobetterunderstandhowleadershipandmanagementdiffer,let'sreviewthefiveleadershipcompetencies.

Self-masteryisthefoundationuponwhichaleader'scredibilityisbuiltandfromwhichaleader'simagewillevolve.Self-masteryinvolvesawareness,acknowledgment,andacceptance.It'saboutdiscoveringthequalitiesthatmakeyouspecialandunique.It'saboutyourowntalentsandabilities—yourpersonalareasofexcellence.Effectiveleaderscreateopportunitiestoshowcasetheirnaturalabilities.Theyuncovertheirpotentialtalentsbycontinuallystretchingthemselvesandpushingthemselvestotheirlimits.Atthesametime,however,thesuccessfulleaderacknowledgeshisorherlimitations.Toachievetrueself-masteryyoumustacceptyourself,includingyourfaults,totallyandunconditionally.

Visionisinmanywaystheheartandsoulofleadership.Whilethemanagermustdealwithissuesandproduceresultsonaday-to-daybasis,aleadermustfocusonboththepresentandthefuture.Themanager'sconcernistoday;theleaderhasavisionfortomorrow.Butsimplyhavingavisionisnotenough;youmustmakeothersbelieveinit,too.Putyourplansforthefuturebeforetheeyesandearsofthepeoplearoundyou.Whenotherpeoplebegintobuyintoyourvisionandmakeittheirown,goodthingsstarttohappen—andhappenquickly.Leadersturntheirvisionintorealitybyconstantlylettingothersknowwhat'sinitforthem.

“Personalpower”istheabilitytoinfluenceandpersuadeothers.Itisnottobeconfusedwith“positionpower”.Positionpowerisembeddedinhierarchical,organizationalstructure.Personalpowerisearned.Youdonotnecessarilyneedtohavedirectauthorityoverotherstodisplaypersonalpower.Infact,inthemostsuccessfulcompanies,leadershipexistsatalllevels.Developpersonalpowerbybeingdependable,followingthroughoncommitments,anddemonstratingconcernforthewelfareofothers.Peoplewillrecognizeyourpersonalpowerandlooktoyoufordirection.

Empowermentcompletesthesetofleadershipskills.Althoughithasbecomeabuzzwordinthe90's,leadershavebeenawareoftheconceptofempowermentthroughouttheages.Empowermentistheprocessbywhichaleaderenablesotherindividualstosuccessfullycompleteacertainjobortask.Itisatechniquethatallowsyoutodelegateresponsibilityfortasksthroughoutyourorganization,evenatthelowestlevels.Asaleader,itisinyourinteresttonurtureanddevelopindividualswhowillonedaytakeyourplace,somakeempowermentatoppriority.Empowermentinvolvesthreecriticalingredients:skills,confidence,andauthority.Evaluateyourfollowers'skillsandprovidetrainingtoimproveorenhancetheirabilities.Instillconfidenceinothersandraisetheirself-esteembymaintainingface-to-facecontactandofferingpraiseforajobwelldone.Furthermore,bestowauthorityontootherpeople,givingthemtherighttoexercisetheirbestpersonaljudgment.Trueleadersarealwayswillingtogivecredittoothersandacceptresponsibilityforfailure,whilesimultaneouslysupporting,encouraging,andempoweringtheirfollowers.Ifyoudoso,youwilldevelopanunshakabletrustbondwithothersinyourorganization,establishingyourowncredibilitywhileensuringresults.Noonecandenytheimportanceofgoodmanagementinasuccessfulorganization.Butgoodmanagementaloneisnolongerenough.Recognizingthedifferencebetweenmanagementandleadership,andstrikingthecorrectbalancebetweenthetwo,willprovidesubstantialdividendsinthelongrun.Managementwillgetyouthroughtoday;leadershipwillensureabettertomorrow.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout（）.

2.Whatistheheartandsoulofleadershipaccordingtothepassage?

3.Inparagraph1“stock-in-trade”means（）.

4.Accordingtothefourleadershipcompetencies,whichofthefollowingisnottheskillofaleader?

5.Formthispassage,welearnthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.managementskills

B.leadershipprinciples

C.thequalitiesthatdefinemanagement

D.thedistinctionbetweenmanagementandleadership

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Personalpower.

B.Self-mastery.

C.Vision.

D.Empowerment.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.quality

B.usualtactics

C.credibility

D.responsibility

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Dealingwithdailyissuesandproducingresults.

B.Recognizingthetalentsofothersandgivingthemtheknowledgeandthetoolstheyneedtosucceed.

C.Nurturinganddevelopingsuccessors.

D.Makingmacro-plansandensuringresults.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.leadershipismoreimportantthanmanagement

B.agoodmanagermusthaveleadershipcompetencies

C.leadingandmanaginginvolvedistinctlydifferentsetsofskills

D.peoplewithexceptionalleadershipqualitiesareusuallyundeveloped

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Thepassageismainlyabout______.1.這篇文章主要是關(guān)于______。

A.managementskillsA.管理技能

B.leadershipprinciplesB.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)原則

C.thequalitiesthatdefinemanagementC.定義管理的品質(zhì)

D.thedistinctionbetweenmanagementandleadershipD.管理和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的區(qū)別

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第一段的內(nèi)容，我們可以找到兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞management（管理）和leadership（領(lǐng)導(dǎo)），最后兩句指出“在今天的市場中，單靠管理是不夠的。這是每個(gè)組織都在尋求的正確的平衡，有效管理和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的結(jié)合?！?；再根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“為了更好的理解領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力和管理之間的區(qū)別，讓我們回顧一下這五種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力”，然后下面幾段都是介紹這五種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力；由此可知，本文主要是講領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力和管理之間的區(qū)別，所以D選項(xiàng)“管理和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的區(qū)別”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“管理技能”、B項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)原則”和C項(xiàng)“定義管理的品質(zhì)”都比較片面，屬于以偏概全。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Whatistheheartandsoulofleadershipaccordingtothepassage?2.根據(jù)文章，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的核心和靈魂是什么？

A.Personalpower.A.個(gè)人權(quán)力

B.Self-mastery.B.自制力

C.Vision.C.愿景

D.Empowerment.D.權(quán)利賦予

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第四段第一句“愿景（Vision）在很多方面都是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的核心和靈魂”可知，C項(xiàng)“愿景”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人權(quán)力”定位到原文第五段第一句“‘個(gè)人權(quán)力’（Personalpower）是影響和說服他人的能力?！笨芍獋€(gè)人權(quán)力不是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的核心和靈魂，屬于張冠李戴；

B選項(xiàng)“自制力”定位到原文第三段第一句“自制力（Self-mastery）是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者可信度建立的基礎(chǔ)（thefoundation），領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的形象也會(huì)因此而發(fā)展”可知自制力不是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的核心和靈魂，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“權(quán)利賦予”定位到最后一段第一句“權(quán)利賦予（Empowerment）完成了一套領(lǐng)導(dǎo)技能?！笨芍獧?quán)利賦予不是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的核心和靈魂，屬于張冠李戴。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Inparagraph1“stock-in-trade”means______.3.第一段中，“stock-in-trade”指______。

A.qualityA.品質(zhì)，質(zhì)量

B.usualtacticsB.常用策略

C.credibilityC.可信性

D.responsibilityD.責(zé)任

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞stock-in-trade定位至第一段第四句“通過遵守標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來控制生產(chǎn)力是高效的管理者的stock-in-trade”，從中可知，控制生產(chǎn)力是管理中的一個(gè)策略，所以推測stock-in-trade指的是“策略”，B項(xiàng)“常用策略”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“品質(zhì)，質(zhì)量”、C項(xiàng)“可信性”和D項(xiàng)“責(zé)任”根據(jù)解題思路，這三項(xiàng)曲解原文。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Accordingtothefourleadershipcompetencies,whichofthefollowingisnottheskillofaleader?4.根據(jù)四項(xiàng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力，下列哪項(xiàng)不是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的技能？

A.Dealingwithdailyissuesandproducingresults.A.處理日常事務(wù)并得出結(jié)果。

B.Recognizingthetalentsofothersandgivingthemtheknowledgeandthetoolstheyneedtosucceed.B.認(rèn)識(shí)到他人的才能，給予他們成功所需要的知識(shí)和工具。

C.Nurturinganddevelopingsuccessors.C.培育和發(fā)展接班人。

D.Makingmacro-plansandensuringresults.D.制定宏觀規(guī)劃，確保成果。

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段第二句“管理者必須處理問題并在日?；A(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生結(jié)果，而領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須關(guān)注現(xiàn)在和未來”可知，處理日常事務(wù)并得出結(jié)果是管理者需要做的事情，并非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，所以A項(xiàng)“處理日常事務(wù)并得出結(jié)果”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“認(rèn)識(shí)到他人的才能，給予他們成功所需要的知識(shí)和工具”根據(jù)最后一段第七句“評(píng)估你的追隨者的技能，并提供培訓(xùn)以提高他們的能力”可知，該項(xiàng)是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的技能，屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“培育和發(fā)展接班人”根據(jù)第六段第五句“作為一名領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，培養(yǎng)和發(fā)展那些有一天會(huì)取代你的人是你的利益所在，所以要把賦權(quán)放在首位”可知，該項(xiàng)是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的技能，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“制定宏觀規(guī)劃，確保成果”，根據(jù)第四段第五和第六句“把你未來的計(jì)劃告訴你周圍的人。當(dāng)其他人開始接受你的愿景并將其變成自己的愿景時(shí)，好事就會(huì)開始發(fā)生——而且很快就會(huì)發(fā)生?！笨芍?，該項(xiàng)是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的技能，屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Formthispassage,welearnthat______.5.從這篇文章，我們知道______。

A.leadershipismoreimportantthanmanagementA.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力比管理更重要

B.agoodmanagermusthaveleadershipcompetenciesB.一個(gè)好的經(jīng)理必須有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力

C.leadingandmanaginginvolvedistinctlydifferentsetsofskillsC.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和管理涉及截然不同的技能

D.peoplewithexceptionalleadershipqualitiesareusuallyundevelopedD.具有非凡領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能的人通常都沒有得到發(fā)展

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】本文主要是講領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力和管理之間的區(qū)別，通過對(duì)比兩者之間的區(qū)別可以發(fā)現(xiàn)它們所涉及的技能截然不同，比如第四段第二三句指出“管理者必須處理問題并在日?；A(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生結(jié)果，而領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須關(guān)注現(xiàn)在和未來。經(jīng)理關(guān)心的是今天；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對(duì)明天有遠(yuǎn)見。”；且最后一段最后兩句提出“認(rèn)識(shí)到管理和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)之間的區(qū)別，并在兩者之間取得正確的平衡，將長期提供實(shí)質(zhì)性的紅利。管理會(huì)幫你度過今天；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力將確保一個(gè)更美好的明天?！?，所以綜合理解可知，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和管理有不同的技能，C項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和管理涉及截然不同的技能”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力比管理更重要”，原文并沒有比較領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力和管理能力哪個(gè)更重要，該項(xiàng)無中生有；

B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)好的經(jīng)理必須有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力”和D項(xiàng)“具有非凡領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能的人通常都沒有得到發(fā)展”在原文也沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

12.單選題

ManyCanadiansenjoytheluxuryofalargeamountoflivingspace.Canadaisvast,andthehomesarelargeaccordingtothestandardsofmanycounties.Even（1）innercitiesdonotreachtheextremesfoundinotherpartsofworld.

Canadiansappreciatethespaceandvaluetheirprivacy.Sincefamiliesaregenerallysmall,manyCanadianchildrenenjoytheluxuryoftheirownbedroom.Havingmorethanonebathroominahouseisalsoconsideredamodern（2）.

ManyroomsinCanadianhomeshavespecializedfunctions.“Familyrooms”arepopularfeaturesinmodernhouses:theseare（3）“l(fā)ivingrooms”sincemanylivingroomshavebecomereservedforentertaining.Somehomeshaveformalandinformaldiningareas（4）.

Recreationalhomesarealsopopular（5）Canadians.SomeCanadiansownsummerhomes,cottages,orcamps.Thesemay（6）fromasmallone-roomcabintoaluxuriousbuildingthatrivalsthecomfortsoftheregularresidence.Somecottagesarewinterizedforyear-rounduse.Cottagesofferpeoplethechanceto“getawayfromitall.”Theyaresopopularthatsummerweekendtrafficjamsarecommon,especiallyinlargecitiessuchasToronto,wherethenumberofpeopleleavingtownonFridaynightandreturningSundaymight（7）thehighwaysforhours.

Sometimes,livinginCanadameansnotonlyhavingprivacy,butalsobeingisolated.Mobilityhasbecomeapartofmodernlife:peopleoftendonotliveinoneplacelongenoughto（8）toknowtheirneighbors.Tenantslivetheirownlivesintheirapartmentsortownhouses.Eveninprivateresidentialareaswherethereissome（9）neighborhoodlifeisnotasclose-knitasitoncewas.Thereseemstobe（10）ofacommunalspirit.Lifetodayissohecticthatthereisoftenlittletime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spacious

B.crowded

C.remote

D.deserted

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.convenience

B.comfort

C.architecture

D.taste

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.incommon

B.inparticular

C.inchief

D.infact

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.either

B.aswell

C.inturn

D.instead

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.in

C.with

D.for

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.transform

B.convert

C.range

D.shift

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.blocks

B.halts

C.cutsoff

D.keepsoff

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.become

B.come

C.get

D.grow

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.stability

B.mobility

C.reality

D.tranquility

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.bit

B.much

C.more

D.less

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:D

【解析】1.考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)spacious“寬敞的，廣闊的；無邊無際的”；B選項(xiàng)crowded“擁擠的；塞滿的”；C選項(xiàng)remote“遙遠(yuǎn)的；偏僻的；疏遠(yuǎn)的”；D選項(xiàng)deserted“荒蕪的；被遺棄的；無人居住的”。通過上下文可知文章是要強(qiáng)調(diào)加拿大家庭房屋面積很大，由此可推斷這里要表達(dá)的意思是“即使是最擁擠的市中心……”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)convenience“便利；廁所；便利的事物”；B選項(xiàng)comfort“安慰；舒適；安慰者”；C選項(xiàng)architecture“建筑學(xué)；建筑風(fēng)格；建筑式樣；架構(gòu)”；D選項(xiàng)taste“味道；品味；審美”。句意：房子里有不止一個(gè)浴室也被認(rèn)為是一種現(xiàn)代便利。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)incommon“共同的；共有的”；B選項(xiàng)inparticular“尤其，特別”；C選項(xiàng)inchief“主要地，尤其；在首席地位”；D選項(xiàng)infact“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上”。句意：“Familyroom”是當(dāng)代房屋的一個(gè)流行特色，這種房間實(shí)際上就是起居室，因?yàn)樵S多起居室都是用來招待客人的。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)either“（兩者中的）任何一個(gè)；（兩者中的）每個(gè)；（用于否定句表示兩者）都不”；B選項(xiàng)aswell“也；同樣地；還不如；此外”；C選項(xiàng)inturn“反過來；轉(zhuǎn)而；輪流，依次”；D選項(xiàng)instead“代替；反而；相反”。句意：一些家庭也有正式和非正式的用餐區(qū)。結(jié)合上文可知該句是對(duì)前文意義的遞進(jìn)，表示“另外，還有”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查固定搭配。bepopularwith“受……的歡迎”。句意：娛樂住宅也很受加拿大人的歡迎。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)transform“變換，改變；轉(zhuǎn)化”；B選項(xiàng)convert“轉(zhuǎn)變，變換；皈依；改變信仰”；C選項(xiàng)range“變動(dòng)；平行，列為一行；延伸；漫游；射程達(dá)到”；D選項(xiàng)shift“轉(zhuǎn)移；快速移動(dòng)