考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京舞蹈學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京舞蹈學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thepromiseoffindinglong-termtechnologicalsolutionstotheproblemofworldfoodshortagesseemsdifficulttofulfill.Manyinnovationsthatwereonceheavilysupportedandpublicized,suchasfish-proteinconcentrateandproteinfromalgaegrownonpetroleumsubstrates:hassincefallenbythewayside.Theproposalsthemselvesweretechnicallyfeasible;buttheyprovedtobeeconomicallyunviableandtoyieldfoodproductsculturallyunacceptabletotheirconsumers.Recentinnovationssuchasopaque-2maize,Antarctickrill,andthewheat-ryetriticaleseemmorepromising,butitistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.

Onecharacteristiccommontounsuccessfulfoodinnovationshasbeenthat,evenwithextensivegovernmentsupport,theyoftenhavenotbeentechnologicallyadaptedorculturallyacceptabletothepeopleforwhomtheyhadbeendeveloped.Asuccessfulnewtechnology,therefore,mustfittheentiresocio-culturalsysteminwhichitistofindaplace.Securityofcropyield,practicalityofstorage,palatability,andcostsaremuchmoresignificantthanhadpreviouslybeenrealizedbytheadvocatesofnewtechnologies.Forexample,thebetterproteinqualityintortillasmadefromopaque-2maizewillbeofonlylimitedbenefittoafamilyonthemarginofsubsistenceifthenewmaizeisnotculturallyacceptableorismorevulnerabletoinsects.

Theadoptionofnewfoodtechnologiesdependsonmorethanthesetechnicalandculturalconsiderations;economicfactorsandgovernmentalpoliciesalsostronglyinfluencetheultimatesuccessofanyinnovation.EconomistsintheAnglo-Americantraditionhavetakentheleadininvestigatingtheeconomicsoftechnologicalinnovation.Althoughtheyexaggerateinclaimingthatprofitabilityisthekeyfactorguidingtechnicalchange—theycompletelydisregardthesubstantialeffectsofculture—theyarecorrectinstressingtheimportanceofprofits.Mosttechnologicalinnovationsinagriculturecanbellyusedonlybylargelandownersandareonlyadoptediftheseprofit-orientedbusinesspeoplebelievethattheinnovationwillincreasetheirincomes.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwasabletoassessthetruthofwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutopaque-2maize?

2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingasfactorsimportanttothesuccessofanewfoodcropEXCEPTthe（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theuseofAntarctickrillasafoodisaninnovationwhosefutureis（

）.

4.Thefirstparagraphofthepassagebestsupportswhichofthefollowingstatements?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanbestoredaseasilyasothervarietiesofmaize.

B.Itismorepopularthanthewheat-ryehybridtriticale.

C.Itproducestortillasofgreaterproteincontentthandoothervarietiesofmaize.

D.Itismoresusceptibletoinsectsthanareothervarietiesofmaize.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.practicalityofstorageofthecrop

B.securityofthecropyield

C.qualityofthecrop'sprotein

D.culturalacceptabilityofthecrop

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.basicallygloomybutstilluncertain

B.somewhatpromisingbutverytentative

C.generallybrightandvirtuallyassured

D.tiedtotheSuccessofopaque-2maize

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Toomuchpublicitycanharmthechancesforthesuccessofanewfoodinnovation.

B.Innovationsthatproduceculturallyacceptablecropswillgenerallybesuccessful.

C.Afood-productinnovationcanbetechnicallyfeasibleandstillnotbeeconomicallyviable.

D.Itisdifficulttodecidewhetherafood-productinnovationhasactuallybeenasuccess.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“thebetterproteinqualityintortillasmadefromopaque-2maizewillbeofonlylimitedbenefittoafamilyonthemarginofsubsistenceifthenewmaizeisnotculturallyacceptableorismorevulnerabletoinsects.如果這種新玉米在文化上不能被接受，或者更容易受到昆蟲(chóng)的侵害，那么用不透明2型玉米制成的玉米餅所含的蛋白質(zhì)盡管質(zhì)量較好，但對(duì)處于生存邊緣的家庭所帶來(lái)的利益將是有限的。”作者的重點(diǎn)在于強(qiáng)調(diào)它比其他玉米品種更容易受到昆蟲(chóng)的侵害，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的二三句“Asuccessfulnewtechnology,therefore,mustfittheentiresocio-culturalsysteminwhichitistofindaplace.Securityofcropyield,practicalityofstorage,palatability,andcostsaremuchmoresignificantthanhadpreviouslybeenrealizedbytheadvocatesofnewtechnologies.因此，一項(xiàng)成功的新技術(shù)必須適應(yīng)它所處的整個(gè)社會(huì)文化系統(tǒng)。作物產(chǎn)量的安全性、儲(chǔ)藏的實(shí)用性、風(fēng)味和成本都比以前新技術(shù)的倡導(dǎo)者所認(rèn)識(shí)到的要重要得多?！边x項(xiàng)A，B，D均有所提及，所以本題選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Antarctickrill”定位到第一段最后一句“Recentinnovationssuchasopaque-2maize,Antarctickrill,andthewheat-ryetriticaleseemmorepromising,butitistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.最近的創(chuàng)新，如不透明玉米、南極磷蝦和黑小麥似乎更有希望，但現(xiàn)在預(yù)測(cè)它們的最終命運(yùn)還為時(shí)過(guò)早?！彼赃x項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。第一段最后一句指出“itistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.現(xiàn)在預(yù)測(cè)它們的最終命運(yùn)還為時(shí)過(guò)早”。選項(xiàng)A在文中沒(méi)有提及；選項(xiàng)B太過(guò)于絕對(duì)；選項(xiàng)C表述過(guò)于片面，只有選項(xiàng)D能夠全面的概括第一段的內(nèi)容，所以正確。

2.單選題

Theactoramusedtheaudienceby______somewell-knownpeople.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.embroidering

B.rigging

C.yelping

D.mimicking

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.embroidering繡花，刺繡B.rigging索具，繩索；傳動(dòng)裝置n.

C.yelping尖叫D.mimicking模仿，戲弄

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】由關(guān)鍵信息amusedtheaudience（取悅觀眾）以及well-knownpeople（名人）可知，這位演員是通過(guò)模仿名人來(lái)取悅觀眾，因此本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】這個(gè)演員模仿一些名人來(lái)逗樂(lè)觀眾。

3.單選題

Whydosomenewproductssucceed,bringingmillionsofdollarstoinnovatingcompanies,whileothersfail,oftenwithgreatlosses?Theanswerisnotsimple,andcertainlywecannotsaythat"good"productssucceedwhile"bad"productsfail.Manyproductsthatfunctionwellandseentomeetconsumerneedshavefallenbythewayside.

Sometimes,virtuallyidenticalproductsexistinthemarketatthesametimewithoneemergingasprofitablewhiletheotherfails.McNealLaboratoriesTylenolhasbecomesuccessfulasanaspirinsubstitute,yetBristol-MeyersenteredthelestmarketataboutthesametimewithNeotrend,alsoasubstituteforaspirin,whichquicklyfailed.

Thenatureoftheproductisafactorinitssuccessoffailure,buttheimportantpointistheconsumer'sperceptionoftheproductsneed-satisfyingcapability.Anynewproductconceptionshouldbeaimedatmeetingacustomerneed,andtheintroductorypromotionshouldseektocommunicatethatneed-satisfyingqualityandmotivatethecustomertotrytheproduct.Often,attitudechangeisinvolved,and,intheextreme,changesinlife-stylemaybesought.

Herethecompanywalksatightrope,anewproductismorelikelytobesuccessfulifitrepresentsatrulynovelwayofsolvingacustomerproblembutthisverynewness,ifcarriedtoofar,mayaskthecustomertoteamnewbehaviorpatterns.Thecustomerwillmakethechangeiftheperceivedbenefitissufficientbutinertiaisstrongandcustomerswilloftennotgototheeffortthatisrequired.DuringthelatesixtiesandearlyseventiesBristol-Meyersmetwithnewproductfailuresthatexemplifybothoftheseproblems.In1967and1968thecompanyenteredthemarketwitha$5millionadvertisingcampaignforFacttoothpaste,andan$11millioncampaigntoprorateResolve,Bothproductsfailedquickly,notbecausetheydidn’tworkorbecausetherewasnoconsumerneedbutapparentlybecauseconsumersjustcouldseenoreasontoshiftfromanalreadysatisfactoryproducttoadifferentonethatpromisednonewbenefit.

1.Thefirstsentenceofthefirstparagraphisaquestiontowhichtheansweris（）

.

2.WhatareTylenolandNeotrend?

3.Thesuccessorfailureofaproductseemstobedeterminedbyanumberoffactors,oneofwhichtheauthoremphasizesisthecustomer'sperceptionoftheproduct's（）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesays"thecompanywalksatightrope"(Sentence1,paragraph3)?

5.Bristol-MeyersfailedinpromotingFacttoothpasteandResolvebecause（）

.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatthegoodproductssucceedwhilethebadfail

B.thatthe“good”arenotreallygoodbutthe“bad”areactuallybad

C.thatnewproductswillsucceediftheyfunctionwellandfailiftheydon’t

D.notgivenintheparagraph

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarenamesoftwodrugmanufacturers.

B.Theyareprobablytwonewbrandsofmedicinewhichserveasasubstituteforaspirin.

C.TylenolisadrugmanufacturerwhereasNeotrendisanewsubstitutemedicineforaspirin.

D.Theyareprobablythenamesofchemistswhoinventedthenewmedicine.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.qualityandprice

B.usefulnessanddurability

C.need-satisfyingcapability

D.appearanceandinnerpacking

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thecompanyhasboththechancetosucceedandtofailindealinginanewproduct.

B.Thecompanyhastostudycustomer'sbehaviorbeforeanewproductisintroduced.

C.Thecompanyhastofindanewwaytosolvecustomer'sproblemsbeforeanewproductisputonthemarket.

D.Thecompanyhastomakeagreatefforttoovercomethecustomer'sinertia.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theseproductsweretooexpensiveascomparedwiththeirdirectcompetitors

B.bothproductsfailedtomeetthecustomer'sneeds

C.thecustomerscouldseenosenseofaradicalchangeoftheirhabits

D.thecompanyforgotanEnglishsaying:"Youcannotteachanolddognewtricks"

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，問(wèn)題是：為什么一些新產(chǎn)品成功了，為創(chuàng)新公司帶來(lái)了數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元，而另一些卻失敗了，而且往往損失慘重？第一段的后半部分只是圍繞這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了舉例說(shuō)明，并沒(méi)有在本段給出答案，所以選D。

第2題:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段的最后一句話“McNealLaboratoriesTylenolhasbecomesuccessfulasanaspirinsubstitute,...Neotrend,alsoasubstituteforaspirin,whichquicklyfailed.”Tylenol做為阿司匹林的替代品成功了，而Neotrend作為阿司匹林的替代品失敗了。可見(jiàn)它們兩個(gè)都是阿司匹林的替代品，選項(xiàng)B正確。

第3題:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“customer'sperception”定位到第二段的第一句“Thenatureoftheproductisafactorinitssuccessoffailure,buttheimportantpointistheconsumer'sperceptionoftheproductsneed-satisfyingcapability.”選項(xiàng)C正確。

第4題:根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Herethecompanywalksatightrope...newbehaviorpatterns.”在這種情況下，公司就像走鋼絲一樣，如果一種新產(chǎn)品代表了一種真正新穎的解決客戶問(wèn)題的方法，那么它就更有可能成功，如果不是，客戶可能會(huì)尋求新的行為模式。說(shuō)明公司應(yīng)該努力克服客戶方面的各種行為反映，不管是積極的還是不積極的。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

第5題:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Bristol-Meyers”定位到第三段，由最后一句話“Bothproductsfailedquickly,...noreasontoshiftfromanalreadysatisfactoryproducttoadifferentonethatpromisednonewbenefit.”可知，這兩種產(chǎn)品很快就失敗了，不是因?yàn)樗鼈儾黄鹱饔?，也不是因?yàn)橄M(fèi)者沒(méi)有需求，而是很明顯，消費(fèi)者找不到任何理由從一種已經(jīng)令人滿意的產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)向另一種不會(huì)帶來(lái)任何好處的新產(chǎn)品。所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.單選題

Electricalresistanceisacommonpropertyofallmaterials____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onlydiffersindegree

B.onlyindegreeitdiffers

C.differingonlyindegree

D.anddifferingindegreeonly

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.onlydiffersindegree只是程度不同B.onlyindegreeitdiffers只是程度不同

C.differingonlyindegree只是程度不同D.anddifferingindegreeonly只是程度不同

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

【解題思路】空格處前面為一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子，主語(yǔ)為“電阻”，系動(dòng)詞為“是”，表語(yǔ)為“所有材料的共同特性”；并且原句沒(méi)有連詞或從句引導(dǎo)詞，所以該句并不是并列句或復(fù)合句。因此，空格處為句子的狀語(yǔ)，此處為動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語(yǔ)，C選項(xiàng)differingonlyindegree符合要求。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)onlydiffersindegree，動(dòng)詞的三人稱單數(shù)為謂語(yǔ)形式，缺少連詞或從句引導(dǎo)詞；

B選項(xiàng)onlyindegreeitdiffers，動(dòng)詞的三人稱單數(shù)為謂語(yǔ)形式，缺少連詞或從句引導(dǎo)詞；

D選項(xiàng)anddifferingindegreeonly，有連詞and，不應(yīng)該使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（現(xiàn)在分詞形式differing）。

【句意】電阻是所有材料的共同特性，只是不同的材料的阻力大小不同。

5.單選題

Toeveryone'ssurprise,thewomancandidatefromasmallparty（

）thepollinthefirstroundofvoting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eclipsed

B.outshined

C.topped

D.deprived

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。eclipse“遮住……的光”;outshine“使相形見(jiàn)絀”；top“超過(guò)”；deprive“剝奪，使喪失”。句意：讓每個(gè)人驚訝的是，來(lái)自一個(gè)小政黨的女候選人在第一輪投票中領(lǐng)先。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Rapidenergyconsumptionwillnotonly（）theenvironment,butalsotriggerserioussocialproblems.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.extract

B.spoil

C.dispose

D.deteriorate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。extract“提?。惶釤挕?spoil“糟蹋；溺愛(ài)；dispose“處理；處置；安排”；deteriorate“惡化”。句意：能源迅速消耗不僅會(huì)使環(huán)境惡化，還會(huì)引發(fā)嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。只有D項(xiàng)符合句意，故答案D。

7.單選題

Theboyfellofftheladderandbadly（

）himself.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wounded

B.damaged

C.harmed

D.injured

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。wound“使受傷”；damage“損害，毀壞，對(duì)有用或有價(jià)值的人或財(cái)產(chǎn)的破壞”；harm“傷害，危害，身體或心理上的損害或傷害”；injure“損害，傷害，通常指肉體上的傷害”。句意：這個(gè)男孩從樓梯上摔了下來(lái)，傷得很?chē)?yán)重。只有D項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Iamsurethatdiseasemustpropagateinsuchunsanitaryandcrowdedareas.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eliminate

B.transmit

C.replace

D.isolate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)eliminate“消除；排除”；B選項(xiàng)transmit“傳輸；傳播；發(fā)射；傳達(dá)；遺傳”；C選項(xiàng)replace“取代，代替；替換，更換；歸還，償還；把……放回原處”；D選項(xiàng)isolate“（使）隔離，孤立；將……剔出；（某物質(zhì)、細(xì)胞等）分離；區(qū)別看待（觀點(diǎn)、問(wèn)題等）”。句意：我相信疾病一定會(huì)在這樣不衛(wèi)生、擁擠的地方傳播。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞propagate“傳播；傳送；繁殖；宣傳”，得知B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Rodisdeterminedtogetaseatfortheconcert,（）itmeansstandinginaqueueallnight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asif

B.evenif

C.provided

D.whatever

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)asif“猶如，好似”；B選項(xiàng)evenif“即使；雖然”；C選項(xiàng)provided“假如，倘若”；D選項(xiàng)whatever“無(wú)論什么”。句意：Rod決心要為音樂(lè)會(huì)弄一個(gè)座位，即使這意味著要排整晚的隊(duì)。由句意可知后面是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，故選B。

10.單選題

Thepoorgirlspentoverhalfayearinthehospitalbutsheisnow（）forit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nonetheworse

B.nonethebetter

C.neverworse

D.neverbetter

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。nonetheworsefor“未受……損害”，后面一般接具體事件或事物。nonethebetterforit“不因此而好些；絲毫不受影響”是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用法。句意：這個(gè)可憐的女孩在醫(yī)院里住了半年多，但她現(xiàn)在絲毫不受影響。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Wehaveinvested（）80,000inthisprojectbuttillnowthereisnohopeforustogetapennyback.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.subsequently

B.unexpectedly

C.approximately

D.reluctantly

【答案】C

【解析】詞義辨析題。subsequently隨后；unexpectedly想不到的；approximately大約,

近乎；reluctantly不情愿地。句意：我們?cè)谶@個(gè)項(xiàng)目上投資了大約8萬(wàn)美元,

但到目前為止,

我們還沒(méi)有希望收回一分錢(qián)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Theexperienceddriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit（）ontheway.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.goeswrong

B.wouldgowrong

C.wentwrong

D.gowrong

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。lest“唯恐；以免”，常用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。故本題答案選項(xiàng)為D。句意：這位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的司機(jī)仔細(xì)檢查了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)以免在路上發(fā)生故障。

13.單選題

Manyeconomicstudieshavetriedtoisolatetheeffectsofdeficits.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.separate

B.giveup

C.reject

D.change

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.separate分開(kāi)；分離B.giveup放棄

C.reject拒絕；否決D.change改變

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】原句語(yǔ)義為“許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究試圖____赤字的影響”，原詞isolate“分離”，A選項(xiàng)separate“分開(kāi)；分離”最符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)giveup“放棄”，不符合語(yǔ)義銜接，研究沒(méi)有辦法放棄赤字的影響；

C選項(xiàng)reject“拒絕；否決”，不符合語(yǔ)義銜接，研究沒(méi)有辦法拒絕或否決赤字的影響；

D選項(xiàng)change“改變”，不符合原文語(yǔ)義。

【句意】許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究試圖將赤字的影響分離開(kāi)來(lái)。

14.單選題

Scientistsare（）certainthatthereisacancer-inhibitingagentinthebloodoftheshark.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dubiously

B.virtually

C.queerly

D.randomly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dubiously“懷疑地；可疑地”；B選項(xiàng)virtually“事實(shí)上，幾乎”；C選項(xiàng)queerly“奇怪地；奇妙地”；D選項(xiàng)randomly“隨便地，任意地；無(wú)目的地”。句意：科學(xué)家們幾乎確信鯊魚(yú)的血中有一種抗癌物質(zhì)。“virtuallycertain幾乎確信”符合語(yǔ)境，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Believeitornot,lastyearMattearned（）hisbrother,whohasabetterpositioninabigcompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.astwicemuchas

B.twiceasmuchas

C.astwicemuchas

D.asmuchtwiceas

【答案】B

【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)。倍數(shù)應(yīng)放于asmuchas之前，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

16.單選題

W:DoyoumindifItakeacoupleofhoursoffthisafternoon?

M:OK,butwhatfor?

Q:Whatisthewomanaskingfor?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Advice

B.Leave

C.Time

D.Reason.

【答案】B

【解析】題目中“takeacoupleofhoursoff”的意思是“請(qǐng)幾個(gè)小時(shí)的假”，和B選項(xiàng)的“askforleave”意思相同，B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Thepeoplelivingintheseapartmentshavefree（）tothatswimmingpool.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.access

B.excess

C.excursion

D.recreation

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：住在這些公寓里的人可以免費(fèi)去那個(gè)游泳池。have（free）accessto為固定搭配，意為“免費(fèi)...”。因此A項(xiàng)符合句意。

18.單選題

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exploitaloophole

B.plugaloophole

C.findaloophole

D.usealoophole

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。exploitaloophole“開(kāi)發(fā)利用漏洞”；plugaloophole“堵塞漏洞”；findaloophole“發(fā)現(xiàn)漏洞”；usealoophole“使用漏洞”。句意：斯蒂芬先生提出了一個(gè)現(xiàn)行保釋法的修正案去填充一個(gè)漏洞，這個(gè)漏洞使得被保釋的人可以進(jìn)一步犯罪。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

19.翻譯題

Despitethechokingsmog,Beijingisstillthenumberonechoiceforgraduatejobseekersbasedonits“softenvironment”,accordingtoareportpublishedlastTuesday.TheChinesecapitalisthepreferredchoiceforfindingworkowingtoitssocialenvironment,economicdevelopment,infrastructure,consumptionhabitsandinternationalizedatmosphere.Althoughmetropolisesarestilltopchoicesforgraduatestoworkin,thepastthreeyearshaveseenmoreuniversityandcollegegraduatesworkinprefecture-levelcities,orevensmallercities.

【答案】據(jù)上周二發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告顯示，盡管煙霧彌漫，但基于“軟環(huán)境”，北京仍然是畢業(yè)生求職者的首選。由于中國(guó)的社會(huì)環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、消費(fèi)習(xí)慣和國(guó)際化的氛圍，中國(guó)首都是求職的首選。盡管大城市仍然是畢業(yè)生就業(yè)的首選，但在過(guò)去的三年里，越來(lái)越多的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生到地級(jí)市，甚至更小的城市工作。

20.單選題

Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeingrandomly(隨機(jī)地)assignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihood(可能性)ofconflict.

Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemaydecreaseprejudiceandcompelstudentstoengageinmoreethnicallydiversefriendships.

AnOhioStateUniversitystudyalsofoundthatblackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigheracademicsuccessthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.

InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamBoakye—theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor—saidthat“ifyou’resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove.”

Researchersalsoobservedproblemsresultingfrompairinginterracialstudentsinresidences.Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracesaremorelikelytoexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.

AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendofthesemester.

GraceKao,aprofessoratPennsaidshewasnotsurprisedbythefindings.“Thismaybethefirsttimethatsomeofthesestudentshaveinteracted,andlived,withsomeoneofadifferentrace,”shesaid.

AtPenn,studentsarenotaskedtoindicateracewhenapplyingtorhousing.

“Oneofthegreatthingsaboutfreshmanhousingisthat,withsomeexceptions,theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly,”saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebley.“Thisisthedefinitionofintegration.”

“I’veexperiencedroommateconflictsbetweeninterracialstudentsthathavebothbrokendownstereotypesandreinforcedstereotypes,”saidonePennresidentadvisorRA.TheRAoftwoyearsaddedthatwhilesomeconflicts“providedmoremulticulturalacceptanceandmelding(融合)”,therewerealso“jarringculturalconfrontations”.

TheRAsaidthattheseconflictshavealsooccurredamongroommatesofthesamerace.Kaosaidshecautionsagainstforminganygeneralizationsbasedonanyoneofthestudies,notingthatmorebackgroundcharacteristicsofthestudentsneedtobestudiedandexplained.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromsomerecentstudies?

2.WhatdoesSamBoakye’sremarkmean?

3.WhatdoestheIndianaUniversitystudyshow?

4.WhatdoesAlecWebleyconsidertobethe“definitionofintegration”?

5.WhatdoesGraceKaosayaboutinterraciallodging?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Conflictsbetweenstudentsofdifferentracesareunavoidable.

B.Studentsofdifferentracesareprejudicedagainsteachother.

C.Interraciallodgingdoesmoreharmthangood.

D.Interraciallodgingmayhavediverseoutcomes.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whitestudentstendtolookdownupontheirblackpeers.

B.Blackstudentscancompetewiththeirwhitepeersacademically.

C.Blackstudentsfeelsomewhatembarrassedamongwhitepeersduringthefreshmanyear.

D.Beingsurroundedbywhitepeersmotivatesablackstudenttoworkhardertosucceed.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Interracialroommatesaremorelikelytofallout.

B.Fewwhitestudentslikesharingaroomwithablackpeer.

C.Roommatesofdifferentracesjustdon’tgetalong.

D.Assigningstudents’lodgingrandomlyisnotagoodpolicy.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Studentsofdifferentracesarerequiredtosharearoom.

B.Interraciallodgingisarrangedbytheschoolforfreshmen.

C.Lodgingisassignedtostudentsofdifferentraceswithoutexception.

D.Theschoolrandomlyassignsroommateswithoutregardtorace.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itisunscientifictomakegeneralizationsaboutitwithoutfurtherstudy.

B.Schoolsshouldbecautiouswhenmakingdecisionsaboutstudentlodging.

C.Students’racialbackgroundshouldbeconsideredbeforelodgingisassigned.

D.Experiencedresidentadvisorsshouldbeassignedtohandletheproblems.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeingrandomlyassignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihoodofconflict.（最近的一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能會(huì)增強(qiáng)包容性，但也可能會(huì)增加沖突的幾率。），可知不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能會(huì)有好的結(jié)果和不好的結(jié)果，并且沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)更有可能是好的還是不好的結(jié)果，D選項(xiàng)“讓不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能有不同的結(jié)果”正確，A選項(xiàng)“不同種族的學(xué)生之間的沖突不可避免”和C選項(xiàng)“讓不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起弊大于利”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“不同種族的學(xué)生互相有偏見(jiàn)”：根據(jù)第二段Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemaydecreaseprejudice（最近的報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，與不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能會(huì)減少偏見(jiàn)），可知文章表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)是偏見(jiàn)可能會(huì)減少，而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)偏見(jiàn)的存在。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段blackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigheracademicsuccessthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.（與白人室友同住的黑人學(xué)生在整個(gè)大學(xué)生涯中獲得了更高的學(xué)術(shù)成就。研究人員認(rèn)為這可能是社會(huì)壓力造成的。）和第四段InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamBoakye—theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor—saidthat“ifyou’resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove.”（在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的一篇文章中，大學(xué)一年級(jí)唯一的黑人學(xué)生Samboakye說(shuō)：“如果你周?chē)际前兹耍憔偷米C明自己?！保?，可知與白人室友同住的黑人學(xué)生更加努力，因此獲得了更高的學(xué)術(shù)成就，D選項(xiàng)“周?chē)前兹送瑢W(xué)的環(huán)境激勵(lì)黑人學(xué)生更加努力地工作以獲得成功”正確。B選項(xiàng)“黑人學(xué)生可以在學(xué)業(yè)上與白人同齡人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”：不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“白人學(xué)生往往看不起他們的黑人同學(xué)”和C選項(xiàng)“在大學(xué)一年級(jí)期間，黑人學(xué)生在白人同齡人中有些尷尬”：文中沒(méi)有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracesaremorelikelytoexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.（根據(jù)最近的兩項(xiàng)研究，隨機(jī)分配的不同種族的室友更有可能經(jīng)歷緊張的沖突，以至于其中一個(gè)室友會(huì)搬出去。）和第六段AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendofthesemester.（印第安納大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，到學(xué)期結(jié)束時(shí)，不同種族室友不住在一起的可能性是兩個(gè)白人室友的三倍。），可知不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起比同種族的學(xué)生住在一起更容易鬧矛盾，但不是一定會(huì)鬧矛盾，A選項(xiàng)“不同種族的室友更容易爭(zhēng)吵”正確，C選項(xiàng)“不同種族的室友相處不好”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“很少有白人學(xué)生喜歡和黑人同學(xué)合住一個(gè)房間”：沒(méi)有具體提到白人學(xué)生對(duì)住宿對(duì)象的意向。D選項(xiàng)“隨機(jī)分配學(xué)生住宿不是一個(gè)好政策”：這里討論的是不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起的相關(guān)情況，而非隨機(jī)分配學(xué)生住宿不是一個(gè)好政策是否合理。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第九段“theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly,”saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebley.“Thisisthedefinitionofintegration.”（“這個(gè)過(guò)程會(huì)隨意地把你們聚在一起?！北究粕髸?huì)主席AlecWebley說(shuō)，“這就是整合的定義。”），可知這里的“整合”指的是把不同種族的學(xué)生隨機(jī)聚在一起，D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校隨機(jī)分配室友，不考慮種族”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不同種族的學(xué)生被要求共享一個(gè)房間”和B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校為新生安排不同種族的室友”：學(xué)校沒(méi)有特意規(guī)定和硬性要求，室友都是隨機(jī)分配，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)不同種族的學(xué)生一視同仁”：這里的重點(diǎn)不是平等對(duì)待所有學(xué)生，給所有學(xué)生同樣的福利或待遇，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)隨機(jī)分配室友，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Kaosaidshecautionsagainstforminganygeneralizationsbasedonanyoneofthestudies,notingthatmorebackgroundcharacteristicsofthestudentsneedtobestudiedandexplained.（Kao說(shuō)，她告誡不要基于任何一項(xiàng)研究得出一般性結(jié)論，指出需要研究和解釋更多學(xué)生的背景特征。），可知Kao認(rèn)為需要進(jìn)行足夠的研究才能給出結(jié)論，A選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有進(jìn)一步研究就對(duì)其進(jìn)行概括是不科學(xué)的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校在安排學(xué)生住宿時(shí)應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎”，C選項(xiàng)“在分配住宿之前，應(yīng)該考慮學(xué)生的種族背景”和D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該指派有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的室長(zhǎng)來(lái)處理這些問(wèn)題”：文中沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Eighteenisthe（）votingageinourcountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.minimal

B.minimum

C.minute

D.miniature

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)minimal“極小的；極少的”；B選項(xiàng)minimum“最小的；最低的”；C選項(xiàng)minute“微小的，詳細(xì)的”；D選項(xiàng)miniature“微型的，小規(guī)模的”。句意：18歲在我們的國(guó)家是最小的投票年齡。結(jié)合句意可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Theplanet’swildcreaturesfaceanewthreat—fromyuppies(雅皮士),emptynestersandoneparentfamilies.

Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.

EvenwherepopulationshaveactuallydwindledinsomeregionsofNewZealand,forinstance—thenumbersofindividualhouseholdshasincreased,becauseofdivorce,careerchoice,smallerfamiliesandlongerlifespan.

JianguoLiuofMichiganStateUniversityandcolleaguesfromStanfordUniversityinCaliforniareportinNature,inapaperpublishedonlineinadvance,thatagreaternumberofindividualhouseholds,eachcontainingonaveragefewerpeople,meantmorepressureonnaturalresources.

Townsandcitiesbegantosprawl(蔓延)asnewhomeswerebuilt.Eachhouseholdneededfueltoheatandlightit;eachhouseholdrequireditsownplumbing,cookingandrefrigeration.

“Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings.”DrLiusaid.Heandhiscolleagueslookedatthepopulationpatternsoflifein141countries,including76“hotspot”regionsunusuallyrichinavarietyoflocalwildlife.ThesehotspotsincludedAustralia,NewZealand,theUS,Brazil,China,India,Kenya,andItaly.Theyfoundthatbetween1985and2000inthe“hotspot”partsoftheglobe,theannual3.1%growthrateinthenumberofhouseholdswasfarhigherthanthepopulationgrowthrateof1.8%.

“Hadtheaveragehouseholdsizeremainedatthe1985level,”thescientistsreport,“therewouldhavebeen155millionfewerhouseholdsinhotspotcountriesin2000”.

DrLiu’sworkgrewfromthealarmingdiscoverythatthegiantpandaslivinginChina’sWolongreservearemoreatrisknowthantheywerewhenthereservewasfirstestablished.Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.

Onlyaround1.75millionspeciesontheplanethavebeennamedanddescribed.Biologistsestimatethattherecouldbe7million,oreven17million,asyettobeidentified.Buthumannumbershavegrownmorethansix-foldinthepast200years,andhumansandtheirlivestockarenowthegreatestsingleconsumergroupontheplanet.Theworldpopulationwillcontinuetosoar,perhapslevelingoffaround9billioninthenextcentury.Environmentalcampaignershaveclaimedthatbetweenaquarterandahalfofallthespeciesonearthcouldbecomeextinctinthenextcentury.

56.Biologistsreportthatthebiodiversityisdecreasingbecause（）.

57.Researchersstatethat（）.

58.Theexampleinparagraph8indicatedthat（）.

59.Someenvironmentalistswarnthatthesoaringpopulationwillcause（）.

60.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreindividualhouseholdsareincreasinggreatly

B.humanbeingsarethreateningmanywildcreatures

C.humanpopulationshavebeendecreasinginrecentyears

D.wildcreaturesdependonmoreindividualhouseholds

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.largerfamiliesaremoreefficientinconsumingnaturalresourcesthansmallerfamilies

B.bothlargerandsmallerfamiliesneedthesameamountsofnaturalresources

C.smallerfamiliesaremoreextravagantinliving

D.largerfamiliesaremorefrugalinliving

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thelocalpeopledonotmindconservingthenaturalenvironment

B.thelocalpeopleshouldfurthercontroltheriseofpopulation

C.theincreaseoflocalpopulationledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity

D.theincreaseofindividualhouseholdsledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedegradationofpeople’slivingstandardinthenextcentury

B.thedeteriorationoflivingenvironmentinthenextcentury

C.thereproductionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury

D.theextinctionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theincreaseofhumanpopulationleadstomoredestructionofthenaturalworld

B.thedecreaseofanimalnopopulationresultsfromthedwindlingbiodiversityinthenaturalworld

C.theplanet’sbiodiversityisalsorelatedtothenumberofhouseholds

D.theplanet’sbiodiversityreliesonthebalancedincreaseoflargerandsmallerhouseholds

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題: