考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東管理學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東管理學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Inthelatetwentiethcentury,onemoresymbolicidealofmanhoodhademerged,the“spiritualwarrior”.ConjuredupintheteachingofRobertBlyandotherleadersofthemythopoeticmen’smovement,thisidealwasbornofdissatisfactionwiththeotheridealsandimagesofmenthathaverecentlydominatedAmericanculture.Itgrowsfromadirect,consciousfocusonthepassionsthatitsadvocatesassumearenaturallymale.Thespiritualwarriorbelieveshehaslosttouchwiththosepassionsandlosthisabilitytoconnectdirectlywithothermen.Intheprocess,hehasbeenpreventedfromfulfillinghisdeepestspiritualneedsaswell.

Thisunderstandingofmanhoodappealsintenselytomanymenbecauseofitsfocusonfatherhood.Blyandotherslamentthegrowingdistancebetweenfathersandsonsinthemodernworld.Theteachersofthespiritualwarrioridealseethediscriminationofsonsfromtheirfathersrepeatingitselfinthedisconnectionofmenfrompassion,fromthespirit,fromtheirfellowmen.Herebeginsastrikingseriesofparallelswiththemovementtowardprimitivemasculinityattheturnofthetwentiethcentury.Forthespokesmenofthatmovementvoicedthesameconcernsabouttheabsenceoffathersthatmenarevoicingtoday.Theyalsoexpressedthesameanxietyaboutthedangersofaboylearninghisvisionofmanhoodthroughtheeyesofmothersandotherwomen.

Thereisoneimportanttraitthatallfouridealsshare.Eachofthemsignifiesaturningawayfromwomen.Theidealofthespiritualwarriorrepresentsaritualquestformanhoodinanall-malesetting.Theidealofthepleasureseekermaytreatwomenasobjectsofpleasureorasaccessorycompanionsinhispursuitofenjoyment,butconsidersthemlargelyirrelevanttothefulfillmentofyearnings.Theidealoftheexistentialheroendorsesseparationfromtheconfinementofcivilizationandthehalterofpermanent,personalcommitmentand,givenourculturalassociationsbetweenwomenandthebondsofcivilization,itisnosurprisethatadherentsofthisidealviewwomen’sworldwithsuspicion.

Theworldoftheteamplayerislessintrinsicallyexclusiveofwomenthanthatoftheotherideals.Pristineinitsblindnesstopersonalhistory,thegreatcontestforsuccessistechnicallyopentoanyonewhocanplayandwinaccordingtoitscompetitiverules.Aswehaveseenhistorically,however,themiddle-classmaleworkplacewasconstructedbymenaccordingtosharedmalevaluesandcustomsthatareculturallyalientowomen.Inrecentyears,womenhavemadestatisticalinroadsintheworldoftheteamplayer,butasyetthereislittlechangeculturallyorstatistically—atthelevelwheremostpoweriswielded.Inreality,theidealoftheteamplayerpositsaworldwherewomenhavedifficultysurvivingeventhoughtheyarenotexplicitlyforbiddentoenter.

Americansareoftenproudthattheydiscountthesignificanceofculturaldifferences:“Weareallindividuals,”manypeopleboast.Ignoringsuchissuesasgenderandethnicitybecomesasourceofpride:“Itreateveryonethesame.”Buttreatingpeoplethesameisnotequaltreatmentiftheyarenotthesame.

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,aspiritualwarrior（）.

2.Theword“accessory”(paragraph3)mustprobablymean“”（）”.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefouridealsistrue?

4.Theauthorseemstoimplythat（）.

5.Inwritingthisarticle,theauthor（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.istheprototypeofthosewhowereonthequestforprimitivemasculinityattheturnofthe20thcentury

B.isbroughtupbythemotherinsteadofbythefather

C.ispassionateanddissatisfiedwiththefather’srole

D.longsforspiritualfulfillment.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.chief

B.subordinate

C.necessary

D.perfect

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theworldofpleasureseekeristhemostfriendlytowomen

B.Existentialheroesdoubtwhetherwomencouldberegardedaspartofourcivilization.

C.Theteamplayerscanbethoughtofascomparativelymoreopen-mindedtowardwomenthantheotherthreeidealsofman

D.Theteamplayersarethemostpowerfulofallthefouridealsofman.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thefouridealsofmanhoodareproductsofaconfiningsociety

B.thequestforfatherhoodissharedbythefoursymbolicidealsofman

C.womenarepersecutedinamale-dominatedsociety

D.womenareassociatedwithrestrictioninourculture

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.severelyattackstheinjusticedonetowomenbythemalechauvinist

B.praisesspiritualwarriorsfortheirenthusiasticspiritualpursuit

C.expresseshisdoubtastothevalidityoftheconceptofequalsociety

D.condemnstherestrictiveforcesinamale-dominatedsociety

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:是那些在20世紀(jì)初尋求原始男子氣概形象的原型。第二段指出:Herebeginsastrikingseriesofparallelswiththemovementtowardprimitivemasculinityattheturnofthetwentiethcentury(這里出現(xiàn)了一系列與二十世紀(jì)初期的原始男子氣概運(yùn)動(dòng)相同點(diǎn))。因此A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B:由母親而不是父親撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大。C:熱情充溢，對(duì)父親的角色不滿(mǎn)。D:渴望精神上的滿(mǎn)足。第一段指出:…thisidealwasbornofdissatisfactionwiththeotheridealsandimagesofmenthathaverecentlydominatedAmericanculture(這一形象根源于對(duì)在美國(guó)文化中占支配地位的其他男性形象的不滿(mǎn))。以及:Itgrowsfromadirect，consciousfocusonthepassionsthatitsadvocatesassumearenaturallymale(它由直接地、有意識(shí)地專(zhuān)注于一種激情發(fā)展而來(lái)，這種激情被擁護(hù)者稱(chēng)為男性天生的激情)。由此可知精神勇士的形象是源自一種激情和對(duì)男性形象的不滿(mǎn)，因此C項(xiàng)正確，B項(xiàng)跟D項(xiàng)不符合文章所述。

第2題:詞義題。根據(jù)“butconsidersthemlargelyirrelevanttothefulfillmentofyearnings(但是認(rèn)為她們與滿(mǎn)足自己欲望毫無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián))”推斷asaccessorycompanionsinhispursuitofenjoyment指的是“在追尋享樂(lè)的過(guò)程中一個(gè)可有可無(wú)的、附屬的同伴”，因此選B項(xiàng)“從屬的，附屬的”。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:Theworldoftheteamplayerislessintrinsicallyexclusiveofwomenthanthatoftheotherideals(相比其他幾種形象，具有團(tuán)隊(duì)精神的人的世界本質(zhì)上沒(méi)有那么排斥女性)，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。第三段指出:Theidealoftheexistentialheroendorsesseparationfromtheconfinementofcivilizationandthehalterofpermanent,personalcommitment—and,givenourculturalassociationsbetweenwomenandthebondsofcivilization(存在主義英雄的形象支持從文明社會(huì)的限制中和對(duì)永恒以及個(gè)人承諾的束縛中解脫出來(lái)，并將女性和文明社會(huì)的約束之間的聯(lián)系賦予到文化當(dāng)中)。由此推斷D項(xiàng)“女性是和文明社會(huì)的約束聯(lián)系在一起的”正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Ignoringsuchissuesasgenderandethnicitybecomesasourceofpride:“Itreateveryonethesame.”Buttreatingpeoplethesameisnotequaltreatmentiftheyarenotthesame(對(duì)性別和種族問(wèn)題的忽視成了‘我們對(duì)待所有人都是平等的’這一自豪感的來(lái)源。但是當(dāng)人與人之間本來(lái)就存在差異的時(shí)候，一視同仁反而不能代表平等公平)。由此可看出作者對(duì)于美國(guó)社會(huì)現(xiàn)存的人人平等的觀念是否真正能夠代表平等公平持懷疑態(tài)度，故選C。

2.單選題

Asateacher,youshouldnot（）thestudentsfromaskingquestionsinclass.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ruin

B.restrain

C.import

D.impose

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ruin“破壞，糟蹋，毀滅”；B選項(xiàng)restrain“抑制，控制”，指用強(qiáng)力或權(quán)力去阻止或限制某人做某事；C選項(xiàng)import“輸入，進(jìn)口”；D選項(xiàng)impose“強(qiáng)加，征稅，以……欺騙”。句意：作為老師，你不應(yīng)該阻止學(xué)生在課堂上提問(wèn)。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.單選題

Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappentobethatunfairlytreatedmemberofsociety—acustomer.ThemoreIgointoshopsandhotels,banksandpostoffices,railwaystations,airportsandthelike,themoreIamconvincedthethingsarebeingrunsolelytosuitthefirm,thesystem,ortheunion.Thereseemstobeadeceptivenewmottoforso-called“service”organizationsStaffBeforeService.

Howoften,forexample,haveyouqueuedforwhatseemslikehoursatthePostOfficeorthesupermarketbecausetherewerenotenoughstaffondutytomanalltheservicegrillesorcheckoutcounters?Surelyinthesedaysofhighunemploymentitmustbepossibletohirecashiersandcounterstaff.Yetsupermarketshintingdarklyathigherprices,claimthatuncoveringalltheircashregistersatanyonetimewouldincreaseoperatingcosts.AndthePostOfficesayswecannotexpectalltheirservicegrillestobeoccupied"attimeswhendemandislow”.

Itisthesamewithhotels,becausewaitersandkitchenstaffmustfinishwhenitsuitsthem,diningroomscloseearlierormenuchoiceiscutshort.Asforusguests,wejusthavetoputupwithit.Thereisalsothenonsenseofsomanyfriendlyhotelnightportershavingbeenthrownoutoftheirjobsintheinterestsof"efficiency”andreplacedbycoin-eatingmachineswhichoffereverythingfromlagertolaxatives.Nottomentionthetea-makingkitinyourroom:akettlewithamixedcollectionofteabags,plasticmilkboxesandlumpsugar.Whowantstowakeuptoarawteabag?Idonot,especiallywhenIampayingfor“service”.

Canitbestopped,thisworseningofservice,thisgrowingattitudethatthecustomerisalwaysabore?Iangrilyhopesobecauseitishappening,sadly,inallwalksoflife.

Ouronlyhopeistohammerhomeourangerwheneverandwhereverwecanand,ifallelsefails,bringbackintopracticethatother,olderslogan-TakeOurDealElsewhere.

1.Thewriterfeelsthatnowadaysacustomer（

）.

2.Thewriterarguesthatthequalityofserviceischangingbecause（

）.

3.Accordingtothewriter,longqueuesatcountersarecausedby（

）.

4.Serviceorganizationscontendthatkeepingallcheckoutcountersoperatedcanresultin（

）.

5.Thewritersuggeststhatacustomer（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deservestheloweststatusinsociety

B.isunworthyofproperconsideration

C.receivesunexpectedqualityservice

D.isthevictimofsomepublicservices

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.customers'demandshavegreatlychanged

B.servicesprovidedneverbecomeconsistent

C.thestaffreceivemoreconsiderationthancustomers

D.staffmembersarelessconsideratethantheiremployers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.difficultiesinhiringemployees

B.deliberateunderstaffing

C.lackofcooperationbetweenstaffmembers

D.employeesirresponsibility

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.demandsbycashiersforapayraise

B.insignificantbenefitsforthecustomers.

C.ariseinthecostforprovidingservice.

D.needstopurchaseexpensiveequipment

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.putupwiththerudemannersofthestaff

B.bepatientwhenqueuingbeforecheckoutcounters

C.trytocontrolhistemperwhenill-treated

D.gotootherplaceswheregoodserviceisavailable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的消費(fèi)者如何？”文章第一段第一句話(huà)提到“我受夠了被作為二等公民對(duì)待，僅僅因?yàn)槲沂且粋€(gè)被不公正對(duì)待的社會(huì)成員—一個(gè)消費(fèi)者”(Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappentobethatunfairlytreatedmemberofsociety—acustomer)，接下來(lái)談及到在飯店、郵局、火車(chē)站、機(jī)場(chǎng)等地的一些經(jīng)歷，由這些可知選項(xiàng)D“是一些公共服務(wù)的受害者”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為服務(wù)質(zhì)量正在變化的原因是什么？”文章第二段第一句話(huà)提到“你有沒(méi)有因?yàn)猷]局或者超市沒(méi)有足夠的員工來(lái)安排他們的工作窗口或者收銀臺(tái)而排幾個(gè)小時(shí)的隊(duì)？”(Howoften,forexample,haveyouqueuedforwhatseemslikehoursatthePostOfficeorthesupermarketbecausetherewerenotenoughstaffondutytomanalltheservicegrillesorcheckoutcounters?)，選項(xiàng)C“對(duì)員工的考慮多余對(duì)顧客的考慮”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“在作者看來(lái)，柜臺(tái)前排長(zhǎng)隊(duì)的原因是什么？”文章提到之所以有時(shí)候需要排幾個(gè)小時(shí)的對(duì)是因?yàn)閱T工配備少；而文章第二段第二句話(huà)提到“在現(xiàn)在這種高失業(yè)率的情況下，雇傭收銀員或者柜臺(tái)員工是很容易的”（Surelyinthesedaysofhighunemploymentitmustbepossibletohirecashiersandcounterstaff），因此可以推斷并不是雇傭不到員工，而是這些商場(chǎng)或者機(jī)構(gòu)不愿意去花錢(qián)雇傭更多的員工。選項(xiàng)B“故意的員工不足”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為讓所有收銀機(jī)全部工作起來(lái)會(huì)導(dǎo)致什么后果？”文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話(huà)提到“把收銀機(jī)全部運(yùn)行會(huì)增加成本”(Yetsupermarketshintingdarklyathigherprices,claimthatuncoveringalltheircashregistersatanyonetimewouldincreaseoperatingcosts)，選項(xiàng)C“增加服務(wù)成本”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“作者建議消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該怎樣做？”文章最后一段提到“我們唯一的希望就是無(wú)論何時(shí)無(wú)論何地都要表達(dá)出我們的不滿(mǎn)，如果這些努力全失敗了，再去嘗試將古老的口號(hào)付諸實(shí)踐—去別處進(jìn)行買(mǎi)賣(mài)”（Ouronlyhopeistohammerhomeourangerwheneverandwhereverwecanand,ifallelsefails,bringbackintopracticethatother,olderslogan-TakeOurDealElsewhere），選項(xiàng)D“去有更好服務(wù)的地方”符合題意。

4.單選題

TeadinkingwascommoninChinafornearlyonethousandyearsbeforeanyoneinEuropehadeverheardabouttea.PeopleinBritainweremuchslowerinfindingoutwhatteawaslike,mainlybecauseteawasveryexpensive.ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.Someofthemwerenotsurehowtouseit.Theythoughtitwasavegetableandtriedcookingtheleaves.Thentheyservedthemmixedwithbutterandsalt.Theysoondiscoveredtheirmistakebutmanypeopleusedtospreadtheusedtealeavesonbreadandgivethemtotheirchildrenassandwiches.

TearemainedscarceandveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiaCompanybegantobringitdirectfromChinaearlyintheseventeenthcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.

AtthesametimepeopleontheContinentwerebecomingmoreandmorefondoftea.Untilthenteahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinit,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecidedtoseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded.Shefounditsopleasantthatshewouldneveragaindrinkitwithoutmilk.Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid,sotheyalsodranktheirteawithmilkinit.SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEnglandandtodayonlyveryfewBritonsdrinkteawithoutmilk.

Atfirst,teawasusuallydrunkafterdinnerintheevening.Nooneeverthoughtofdrinkingteaintheafternoonuntiladuchessfoundthatacupofteaandapieceofcakeatthreeorfouro’clockstoppedhergettingasinkingfeelingasshecalledit.Sheinvitedherfriendstohavethisnewmealwithher,andtea-timewasborn.

1.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheintroductionofteaintoBritain?

2.Thispassagemainlydiscusses____________.

3.TeabecameapopulardrinkinBritain____________.

4.PeopleinEuropebegantodrinkteawithmilkbecause____________.

5.WemayinferfromthepassagethatthehabitofdrinkingteainBritainwasmostlyduetotheinfluenceof____________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheBritonsgotexpensiveteafromIndia.

B.TeareachedBritainfromHolland.

C.TheBritonswerethefirstpeopleinEuropewhodranktea.

D.Itwasnotuntilthe17thcenturythattheBritonshadtea.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thehistoryofteadrinkinginBritain

B.howteabecameapopulardrinkwithmilk

C.howaduchessgotthehabitofdrinkingteaintheafternoon

D.howtea-timewasborn

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ineighteenthcentury

B.insixteenthcentury

C.inseventeenthcentury

D.inthelateseventeenthcentury

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ittastedlikemilk

B.ittastedmorepleasant

C.itbecameapopulardrink

D.MadamedeSevignewasinfluential

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.afamousFrenchlady

B.theancientChinese

C.theuppersocialclass

D.peopleinHolland

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第三句ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHolland（在商店里買(mǎi)不到茶，有的人讓人從荷蘭寄來(lái)茶），可知B選項(xiàng)“茶葉是從荷蘭傳入英國(guó)的”正確。根據(jù)第二段第一句TearemainedscarceandveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiaCompanybegantobringitdirectfromChinaearlyintheseventeenthcentury.（在17世紀(jì)早期東印度公司的船只開(kāi)始直接從中國(guó)運(yùn)茶之前，茶葉在英國(guó)一直稀缺且非常昂貴。），可知A選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)人從印度買(mǎi)到昂貴的茶葉”錯(cuò)誤；在這之前英國(guó)人從荷蘭賣(mài)茶，故D選項(xiàng)“直到17世紀(jì)，英國(guó)人才開(kāi)始喝茶”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)人是最先在歐洲喝茶的人”：文章沒(méi)有提到在歐洲沒(méi)有提到哪個(gè)國(guó)家最先喝茶，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.主旨大意題。根據(jù)整篇文章從英國(guó)從古至今在各個(gè)時(shí)期不同茶的來(lái)源方式、飲茶方式和習(xí)慣等，可知這篇文章在講英國(guó)飲茶的歷史，故A選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)飲茶的歷史”正確。B選項(xiàng)“茶如何和牛奶一起成為一種受歡迎的飲料”，C選項(xiàng)“公爵夫人是如何養(yǎng)成下午喝茶的習(xí)慣的”和D選項(xiàng)“下午茶是如何誕生的”是其中一部分內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段intheseventeenthcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.（17世紀(jì)早期，在接下來(lái)的幾年里，大量茶葉流入這個(gè)國(guó)家，導(dǎo)致價(jià)格下降，許多人買(mǎi)得起。），可知在17世紀(jì)早期，茶在英國(guó)受歡迎，故C選項(xiàng)“17世紀(jì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“18世紀(jì)”，B選項(xiàng)“16世紀(jì)”和D選項(xiàng)“17世紀(jì)后期”錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第二、四、五句Untilthenteahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinit,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecidedtoseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded…Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid…SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEngland.（在那之前，人們喝茶不加牛奶，直到一位名叫塞維尼夫人的法國(guó)著名女士決定看看牛奶加茶是什么味道。因?yàn)樗侨绱藗ゴ蟮囊晃慌?，她的朋友們認(rèn)為她們必須模仿她所做的一切……慢慢地，這個(gè)習(xí)慣傳到了英國(guó)），可知是因?yàn)槿S尼夫人的影響人們開(kāi)始喝茶加奶，故D選項(xiàng)“塞維尼夫人很有影響力”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它嘗起來(lái)像牛奶”和B選項(xiàng)“它嘗起來(lái)更美味”：奶加上茶的口感是歐洲人持續(xù)這樣喝的原因，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“它成為了一種受歡迎的飲料”：這是歐洲人喝茶加奶的結(jié)果，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段第五句SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEnglandandtodayonlyveryfewBritonsdrinkteawithoutmilk.（慢慢地，這個(gè)習(xí)慣傳到了英國(guó)，直到今天，只有很少的英國(guó)人喝茶不加牛奶。），可知英國(guó)喝茶主要受法國(guó)影響，法國(guó)主要受塞維尼夫人影響，故A選項(xiàng)“著名的法國(guó)女士”正確。B選項(xiàng)“古代中國(guó)”：文中只說(shuō)歐洲對(duì)茶的了解慢于中國(guó)，沒(méi)有提到古代中國(guó)和英國(guó)人喝茶的因果關(guān)系。C選項(xiàng)“上層階級(jí)”：沒(méi)有提到塞維尼夫人是什么階層，其他地方也沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)上層階級(jí)。D選項(xiàng)“荷蘭人”：最初英國(guó)從荷蘭買(mǎi)茶，跟喝茶習(xí)慣沒(méi)有直接因果關(guān)系。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.junction

B.paradox

C.premise

D.dilemma

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：父母經(jīng)常面臨這樣的

：是做自己認(rèn)為對(duì)孩子發(fā)展有利的事情還是坐視孩子毫無(wú)紀(jì)律的吵鬧和破壞。

junction接合點(diǎn)，會(huì)合點(diǎn)；paradox悖論，自相矛盾的人或事；premise前提，假設(shè)；dilemma困境，進(jìn)退兩難。空格后有“between...and...”，因此這里說(shuō)的是父母在教育孩子時(shí)陷入進(jìn)退兩難的境況，D項(xiàng)dilemma符合句意。

6.單選題

Ithasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andX-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample,thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainfall,temperature,andwinds.Invariably,however,therelationisweak,andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.

Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivity,atthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaundermin/mum).TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthcenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,however,especiallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodicitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecordsofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycle,oreventoconfirmthecycle’spastexistence

Ifconsistentandreliablegeological,orarchaeologicalandclimatologicalevidencetracingthesolar-activitycycleinthedistantpastcouldhefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,therearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThefirstsupposesthattheSun'sinternalmotions(causedbyrotationandconvection)interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo,adeviceinwhichmechanicalenergyisconvertedintotheenergyofamagneticfield.InshorttheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.Thealternative,explanationsupposesthattheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldisaremnantofthefieldtheSunacquiredwhenitformed，andisnotsustainedagainstdecay.Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun'smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.ModemsolarobservationsspantooshortatimetorevealwhetherpresentcyclicalSolar-activityisalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,ormerelyatransientphenomenon.

1.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivityisaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenthandearlyeighteenth-centuryChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheargumentinfavorofthefirstmodelwouldbestrengthenedifwhichofthefollowingwerefoundtobetrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthem

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearch

C.discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysics

D.outlinethespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaulttheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodemphysicists

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inbothmodelscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.

B.Inbothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.

C.InonemodeltheSun’smagneticfieldisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.

D.Inonemodelsolaractivityispresumedtobeunrelatedtoterrestrialphenomena,whereasintheothermodelsolaractivityisthoughttohaveobservableeffectsontheEarth.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredicatedwereincorrect.

B.TheysuggestthattheMaunderminimummightbevalidonlyforEurope.

C.TheyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeoftheMaunderminimum.

D.TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetimeoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Episodesofintensevolcaniceruptionsinthedistantpastoccurredincycleshavingverylongperiodicities.

B.Atthepresenttimethegloballevelofthunder-stormactivityincreasesanddecreasesincycleswithperiodicitiesofapproximately11years.

C.Inthelastcenturythelengthofthesunspotcyclehasbeenknowntovarybyasmuchas2yearsfromitsaverageperiodicityof11years

D.Hundredsofmillionsofyearsago,solar-activitycyclesdisplayedthesameperiodicitiesasdopresent-daysolar-activitycycles.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要講解的是人們將太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)極小期與歐洲16世紀(jì)至19世紀(jì)初期不同尋常的低溫聯(lián)系起來(lái)，但是太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)極小的真實(shí)性還有待考察，如果同意可靠的地質(zhì)、考古和氣象證據(jù)能夠與遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代的太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期掛鉤，也許可以幫助理解和確定太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的兩種模式。A選項(xiàng)“指出有關(guān)太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的兩種相對(duì)的科學(xué)理論并對(duì)其各自的地質(zhì)依據(jù)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)”，B選項(xiàng)“簡(jiǎn)要概述近期科學(xué)在太陽(yáng)物理學(xué)方面的發(fā)展并且就他們對(duì)未來(lái)氣候研究的影響做出評(píng)價(jià)”，C選項(xiàng)“討論將地球上的各種現(xiàn)象與太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)聯(lián)系起來(lái)的困難性并指出問(wèn)題的解決方法影響著我們對(duì)太陽(yáng)物理活動(dòng)的理解”，D選項(xiàng)“概述有關(guān)太陽(yáng)物理的問(wèn)題之所以一直沒(méi)解決的原因并且對(duì)現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)家過(guò)度理論化的方法進(jìn)行指責(zé)”，C選項(xiàng)周期。

2.推理判斷題。文章對(duì)太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的兩種模式的介紹主要集中在文章的第三段。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.簡(jiǎn)而言之，太陽(yáng)大范圍的磁場(chǎng)是自給自足的，因此與之相關(guān)的太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期將會(huì)在幾十億年內(nèi)維持基本不變?！笨芍诘谝环N模式中，太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的周期是與太陽(yáng)大范圍的磁場(chǎng)相關(guān)的并且太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期是可以長(zhǎng)期維持基本不變的。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.在這種模式中，與太陽(yáng)磁場(chǎng)相關(guān)的太陽(yáng)機(jī)制變化更快，因此，太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期的特點(diǎn)也會(huì)在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間后有所變化”可知在第二種模式中太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的周期也是和太陽(yáng)磁場(chǎng)相關(guān)的，但是太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期是會(huì)有所變化的。所以A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，排除；B選項(xiàng)正確。D選項(xiàng)文章中沒(méi)有提及，排除。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)極小期的真實(shí)性還有待考證，特別是中國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)肉眼觀察到的太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的記錄又與其相矛盾?！笨芍狝選項(xiàng)‘他們認(rèn)為，蒙德極小值所依據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)是不正確的?！侵袊?guó)17世紀(jì)末期至18世紀(jì)早期的記錄的重要性的原因。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.簡(jiǎn)而言之，太陽(yáng)大范圍的磁場(chǎng)是自給自足的，因此與之相關(guān)的太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期將會(huì)在幾十億年內(nèi)維持基本不變。”可知選項(xiàng)D“數(shù)億年前太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的周期性特征和如今太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的周期性相同”是對(duì)第一種模式的支持。

7.單選題

Finally,Emily（

）divorce,sayingthatherhusbandabusedherphysicallyandpsychologically.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.filledinfor

B.filedfor

C.suedfor

D.appliedfor

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)fillinfor“代替，占據(jù)別人位置”；B選項(xiàng)filefor“申請(qǐng)”，主要用于申請(qǐng)事業(yè)單位工作；C選項(xiàng)suefor“控告”，表示就某事提出訴訟；D選項(xiàng)applyfor“申請(qǐng)，提出申請(qǐng)”。由關(guān)鍵詞“divorce離婚”，可知空格部分意思可能為“提出控告，控訴”，句意為：最后艾米麗提出離婚訴訟，稱(chēng)她的丈夫?qū)λ谏眢w上和心理上實(shí)施家庭暴力。選項(xiàng)C與其意思接近。

8.單選題

Inthemidstofsomanyevasivecomments,thisforthrightstatement,whateveritsintrinsicmerit,plainlystandsoutas（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ananomaly

B.aprofundity

C.aparadigm

D.amisnomer

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：在這些閃爍其詞的評(píng)論當(dāng)中，這個(gè)直率的言論，不管它本身的價(jià)值如何，都非常明確的表現(xiàn)為一個(gè)反常的評(píng)論。anomaly異常，反常事物；profundity深刻，深度；paradigm范例；misnomer用詞不當(dāng)，誤稱(chēng)。句中提到的thisforthrightstatement是眾多言論中的一個(gè)，單獨(dú)針對(duì)這個(gè)直率的言論，且不作任何評(píng)價(jià)，但也說(shuō)明這個(gè)有與眾不同的地方。故答案為A。

9.翻譯題

中國(guó)是世界文明的發(fā)源地之一，有五千年的文明史。在中國(guó)古代思想史上，涌現(xiàn)出了許許多多杰出的思想家，為中華民族乃至整個(gè)人類(lèi)留下了豐富的思想遺產(chǎn)。這些思想成果獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟，在漫長(zhǎng)的歷史中又不斷地被闡釋、被發(fā)展，很多思想對(duì)于今天的中國(guó)乃至世界而言，仍然歷久彌新，極具生命力。比如，儒家學(xué)派創(chuàng)始人孔子“仁”的理念、“和”的思想，不僅在當(dāng)代中國(guó)，在其他亞洲國(guó)家也一直備受推崇。

【答案】Chinaisoneofthebirthplacesoftheworldcivilizationwhichhasa5,000-yearhistory.TherearemanyoutstandingideologistsinChineseancientthoughthistorythatleftarichideologicalheritageforourChinaandeventhewholemankind.Theideologicalachievementswereveryuniqueandconstantlyexplainedanddevelopedinthelonghistory.Today,someofthesethoughtsarestilllivelyandfullofvitalityfortoday’sChinaandthewholeworld.Forexample,theidealof“benevolence”andthe“harmony”thoughtofConfuciuswhoistheoriginatorofConfucianschoolhavebeenpraisedhighlybyChinaandotherAsiancountriesatpresent.

10.單選題

Therearesome65speciesofNewWorldmonkeys.Manyofthesehaveaveryusefulanatomicaladaptationlackingintheiroldworldcounterpartsthatcurious“fifthhand’’,theprehensile（適手抓住的）tail.Andinafewspeciesthegrippingtailhasdevelopedtosuchasextentthatisactuallyhas“fingerprints”onthetip.Whileofcourseatailisnot-acceptedwithfingers,itcansometimesbeevenmoreusefulthananarmoraleg.Aspidermonkey’stail,forinstance,islongerthanitsheadandbodycombined,andisfrequentlyusedinsteadofahandtograspdistantobjects.Othermonkeyslessfortunateareforcedtorelegateatleastonelimbtosupportwhiletheyfeed,whereasmonkeysendowedwithprehensilitycanhangbytheirtailswhiletheyfeastwithbothhandsandfeet.AfewNewWorldmonkeyshavealsoevolvedarmsandshouldersthataresuitableforswinginghandoverhandthroughthetreesliketheAsiaticgibbons.

1.Thepassagemainlydiscusses（

）.

2.Theauthorprobablybelievesthatamonkeyusesitsprehensiletailespeciallyfor

3.Inthesecondsentence,theword“their”refersto（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheAsiaticgibbonsandcertainNewWorldmonkeysaresimilarinwhatrespect?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothein