確定主語單復(fù)數(shù)的三個原則

確定主語單復(fù)數(shù)的三個原則確定主語單復(fù)數(shù)的三個原則確定主語單復(fù)數(shù)的三個原則資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月確定主語單復(fù)數(shù)的三個原則版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發(fā)布日期：主謂一致一、確定主語單復(fù)數(shù)的三個原則語法上一致的原則根據(jù)用作主語的名詞的詞尾變化，或用作主語的代詞的形式來確定謂語的數(shù)或人稱。Theboyplaysfootball.Theboysplayfootballwell.在“主語+系語+表語結(jié)構(gòu)”中，系動詞要與主語的數(shù)保持一致，不受其標語的影響Theirgreatestconcernisthechildren.Themostappreciatedgiftwastheclothesthatyousentus.WhatweneedmostisbooksPaulisfriendswithBill.與修飾主語的短語連用，謂語至于主語保持一致alongwith,aswellas,inadditionto,accompaniedby,ratherthan,asmuchas,nolessthan,including,besides,except,but,likeThefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.YouaswllasIarewrong.Themanager,alongwithhissecretaries,isgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.概念上一致的原則有時根據(jù)名詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)詞尾并不能確定謂語動詞的形式，說話人要表達的概念而起著決定性的作用。也就是說，要根據(jù)主語所表達的具體含義來確定它的數(shù)，而不是只看表面的詞尾變化。Myfamilyareallearlyrisers.（指家中的全體成員，有復(fù)數(shù)含義）Hisfamilyhasmovedintothenewhouse.（指整個家，用作單數(shù)）Fiveminutesisenough.（一整段時間，看做單數(shù)）Thecrewarewaitingforinstructionsfromthecaptain.（指全體船員，有復(fù)數(shù)含義）鄰近一致原則在某些句子中，謂語動詞并不是與整個主語保持一致，而是要與并列主語中距離它最近的的名詞或代詞保持數(shù)或人稱上的一致。or,either…or…,neither/not…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…butNeitherhenortheyarewhollyright.NeitherTomnortheBrownsenjoytheirjourneytoBeijingowingtothebadweather.Eitheryourkeyormykeyismissing.Notonlytheybutalsotheirteacherhasparticipatedintheparty.HeorIaminthewrong.二、謂語用單數(shù)形式的情況動名詞，動詞不定式或主語從句作主語Readingisagreatpleasureinlife.Tolivemeanstocreate.Thatweneedmoretimeisobvious.數(shù)詞或“數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（表示時間，距離，金額，重量，大小，體積等）”作主語。Eighthoursofsleeoisenough.Fiveisanoddnumber.Ahundredmilesisquiteadrive,isn’titFivetonsisaheavyload.Tendollarsistoomuchtopayforthatshirt.復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞作主語ThePhilippinesconsistsofmorethan7,000islands.TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.“manya/morethanone+單數(shù)名詞”作主語Manyalittlemakesamickle.積少成多。Morethanonegrammaticalmistakewasfoundinhiscomposition.表示鳥獸魚群的詞如aflockofbirds,apackofdogs,aprideoflions,aherdofcattle,aschooloffish作主語Aflockofbirdsiscirclingoverhead.Theherdofcattleisbreakingaway.那群牛跑散開去。主語含有and時的謂語形式“單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。JoeandBobaresmart.HeandIaregoodfriend.ThePoetandthenovelistwerebothpresentatthemeeting.那位詩人和那位小說家都出席了會議。如果有and所連接的并列主語指的是同一個人或物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Thestatesmanandpoetwasengagedinwarfareallhislife.這位政治家兼詩人戎馬一生。Ateacherandnovelistisgoingtomakeaspeechinthehall.一位教師兼小說家將在禮堂里發(fā)表演說。A/The+單數(shù)名詞（人）+and+單數(shù)名詞（人）+單數(shù)謂語指同一個人身兼兩種職務(wù)A/The+單數(shù)名詞（人）+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞（人）+復(fù)數(shù)謂語指不同職務(wù)的兩個人Theconductorandcomposerwasgreetedbycrowdofpeople.樂隊指揮兼作曲家受到了眾多人的歡迎。Theconductorandthecomposerweregreetedbycrowdofpeople.樂隊指揮和作曲家受到了眾多人的歡迎。有些用and連接起來的單數(shù)名詞，由于關(guān)系密切，已被看做一個整體，因而作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Knifeandfork刀叉，needleandthread針線，acupandsaucer帶茶托的茶杯，ahorseandcarriage馬車，trialanderror正誤實驗法，lawandorder法律和秩序Lawandorderhasbeenestablished.法律和秩序已經(jīng)建立起來了。Breadandbutterisourdailyfood.涂黃油的面包是我們的日常食品。Fishandchipsisapopularfastfood.炸魚加炸薯條是一種大眾化的快餐。Thestarsandstripesisthenationalflagof星條旗為美國國旗。Thesunandsubstanceofthespeechwasantiwar.這個演講的主要內(nèi)容是反戰(zhàn)的。